question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Menstrual regulation is done up to : | [
"10 weeks",
"18 weeks",
"6 weeks",
"20 weeks"
] | C | 6 weeks | train | med_mcqa | null |
A previously asymptomatic 62-year-old woman presents with sudden onset of severe midback pain. X-rays reveal an anterior compression fracture of T10. Other vertebral bodies show decreased mineral density and prominent vertical striations. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"multiple myeloma",
"metastatic breast cancer",
"vitamin D deficiency",
"osteoporosis"
] | D | The vertebral bodies in osteoporosis may become increasingly biconcave because of weakening of the subchondral plates. This results in "codfish" vertebra. When vertebral collapse occurs, the anterior height of the vertebra is usually decreased. Plain x-rays are insensitive diagnostic tools because up to 30% of bone mas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5-year-old boy had been playing with his little race cars. Soon after he put a wheel from one of the cars in his mouth, he began choking and coughing. Where in the tracheobronchial tree is the most common site for a foreign object to lodge? | [
"The right primary bronchus",
"The left primary bronchus",
"The carina of the trachea",
"The beginning of the trachea"
] | A | The right main bronchus is the shorter, wider, and more vertical primary bronchus. Therefore, this is most often the location that foreign objects will likely be lodged. The left primary bronchus is not as vertical and therefore does not present the path of least resistance. (It must be understood, however, that in som... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not seen in Anterior mediastinum | [
"Thyroid tumour",
"Thymoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Neurogenic tumor"
] | D | * The anterior mediastinum is the poion of the mediastinum anterior to the pericardium and below the thoracic plane. * It forms the anterior pa of the inferior mediastinum * contains the thymus, lymph nodes, and may contain the poions of a retrosternal thyroid. Mediastinal Tumors and Other Masses Superior Mediastinum .... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common lid sign associated with Grave's ophthalmopathy is | [
"Von Graefe's sign",
"Dalrymple's sign",
"Stellwag's sign",
"Rosenbach's sign"
] | B | Ans. Dalrymple's sign | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a child, non-functioning kidney is best diagnosed by- | [
"Ultrasonography",
"VU",
"DTPA renogram",
"Creatinine clearance"
] | C | DTPA/MAG3 Renogram. This procedure allows the physician to monitor the function of the kidneys and the degree of any blockage in the flow of urine out of the kidneys. You will lie down on the imaging couch and a Gamma Camera will be placed over your abdominal area Ref Harrison20th edition pg 297 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common complication of pseudocyst of pancreas | [
"Rupture into peritoneum",
"Haemorrhage",
"Infection",
"Rupture into colon"
] | C | PSEUDOCYST A pseudocyst is a collection of amylase-rich fluid enclosed in a well-defined wall of fibrous or granulation tissue. Pseudocysts typically arise following an attack of mild acute pancreatitis, lie outside the pancreas, and represent an APFC that has not resolved and matured. Formation of a pseudocyst require... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is present in the posterior cranial fossa in a five year old child? | [
"Foramen rotundum",
"Foramen lacerum",
"Jugular foramen",
"Foramen spinosum"
] | C | Except jugular foramen, all other foramen (Option 1,2 and 4) are present in middle cranial fossa. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about nephrotic syndrome in children except? | [
"It is not associated with hypeension",
"Minimal change disease in children <10 year",
"Massive proteinuria > 3.5gm%/ 24 hours",
"Low complement levels"
] | D | Nephrotic syndrome is kidney disease with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Massive proteinuria > 3.5gm%/ 24 hours Persistently low C3 levels are indicative of Acute Glomerulonephritis Minimal change disease- most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children (2-8 yrs) | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 47-year-old HIV-positive man is brought to the emergency room because of weakness. The patient has HIV nephropathy and adrenal insufficiency. He takes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for PCP prophylaxis and is on triple-agent antiretroviral treatment. He was recently started on spironolactone for ascites due to alcohol... | [
"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which this patient was taking to prevent Pneumocystis infection, causes hypokalemia and therefore deterred this patient from presenting sooner.",
"Spironolactone, a commonly used diuretic for treating ascites in the setting of cirrhosis, acts as a competitive aldosterone inhibitor ... | B | Spironolactone, a potassium sparing diuretic by way of competitive inhibition of aldosterone at the collecting duct of the nephron, can lead to significant hyperkalemia in the setting of chronic kidney disease. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can also cause hyperkalemia by interfering with potassium exchange in the dista... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are associated with MEN-2 except - | [
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Islet cell hyperplasia",
"Medullary carcinoma thyroid",
"Parathyroid adenoma"
] | B | MEN type 2 (MEN 2), which is also called Sipple's syndrome, is characterized by the association of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid tumors. Three clinical variants of MEN 2 are recognized: MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and MTC only. Reference : page 2340 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to "rule of nines", burns involving perineum are: | [
"1%",
"9%",
"18%",
"27%"
] | A | Ans. A: 1% Rule of 9's for Adults: 9% for each arm, 18% for each leg, 9% for head, 18% for front torso, 18% for back torso 1% for perineum Rule of 9's for Children: 9% for each arm, 14% for each leg, 18% for head, 18% for front torso, 18% for back torso Lund-Browder diagrams improve the accuracy of the % TBSA for child... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The fetal blood is separated from syncytiotrophoblast with all the following except | [
"Fetal blood capillary membrane",
"Mesenchyme of intervillous blood space",
"Cytotrophoblast",
"Decidua parietalis"
] | D | The decidua over the abembryonic pole is the decidua capsularis.
The chorionic cavity becomes larger. the decidua capsularis is stretched and degenerates.
The chorion leave now comes into close contact with the uterine wall on the opposite side, resulting in the formation of the decidua parietalis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient was found to have high LDL, increased total cholesterol. But normal levels of LDL-Receptors. What is the most probable cause: | [
"Apo B100 mutation",
"Apo E defect",
"LCAT Deficiency",
"Lipoprotein lipase Deficiency"
] | A | This is Familial defective Apo B100, also known as Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia IIa. There is a mutation in the gene encoding Apo B100, specifically in LDL-receptor binding domain of Apo B100. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Progesterone pills act by which of the following mechanism? | [
"Thickening of cervical mucus",
"Inhibiting ovulation",
"Causing aseptic inflammation in endometrium",
"Destruction of embryo"
] | A | Ans. a (Thickening of cervical mucus). (Ref. Dutta, Obstetrics.4th/586, William Obstetrics 21st/1531)MINIPILLS (Progesterone Only Pills)# E.g., levenorgestrol 30 meg, norethistrone 350 meg.- They act by thickening the cervical mucus.- It is very useful as a emergency contraception.# Advantages- Side-effects attributed ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A boy presents with complaints of hypoaesthesia and wasting of thenar eminence. The nerve most likely to damaged in this patient: | [
"Musculocutaneous nerve",
"Median nerve",
"Ulnar nerve",
"Radial nerve"
] | B | B i.e. Median Nerve | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vena comitans | [
"Veins accompanying nerves",
"Veins accompanying lymph vessels",
"Veins accompanying aeries",
"Veins accompanying veins"
] | C | Vena comitans are the Veins accompanying aeries. Vena comitans is a vein that is usually paired, with both veins lying on the sides of an aery. They are found in close proximity to aeries so that the pulsations of the aery aid venous return. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is omega 6 fatty acid | [
"α - Linolenic acid",
"γ - Linolenic acid",
"Timnodonic acid",
"Cervonic acid"
] | B | Omega 6 fatty acids
Linoleic acid
γ Linolenic acid
Arachidonic acid.
Omega 3 fatty acids
α - linolenic acid
Timnodonic acid (Eicosapentaenoic acid)
Cervonic acid (Decosahexaenoic acid) | train | med_mcqa | null |
How many mm from the limbus is the safest site of intravitreal injection? | [
"1-2 mm",
"2-3 mm",
"3-4 mm",
"4-5 mm"
] | C | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 171)Intravitreal injection (distance from Limbus)For aphakics-3mmFor pseudophakes-3.5mmFor phakics-4mm | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the treatment of undiagnosed megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 and folic acid should be given together because : | [
"Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for dihydrofolate reductase",
"Folic acid alone causes improvement of anemic symptoms but neurological dysfunction continues.",
"Vitamin B12, deficiency may result in methylfolate trap",
"Folic acid is required for conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA."
] | B | Vitamin B12 is required for conversion of methionine to homocysteine and for the formation of succinyl CoA from methylmalonyl CoA.
Deficiency of vitamin B12 results in megaloblastic anemia, GI manifestations and neurological abnormalities (due to demyelination).
Folic acid alone will correct the symptoms of megaloblast... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anterior uveitis is characterized by all except | [
"Aqueous flare",
"Shallow anterior chamber",
"Circumcorneal congestion",
"Miosis"
] | B | Various shape & size of anterior chamber in anterior uveitis
Normal
Funnel-shaped: In-ring synechiae
Deep : In complete posterior synechiae | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spinal anaesthesia in children is given at which level? | [
"Li - L2",
"L2-L3",
"L3- L4",
"L4-L5"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., L4 L5 Spinal anaesthesia In spinal anaesthesia LA is injected into subarachnoid space (space between pia matter and arachnoid matter). Structure pierced during SA (from outside in) - Skin - Subcutaneous tissue- Supraspinous & intraspinous ligament-Ligamentum falvum - Duramater- Arachnoidmater. Site of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of molecular oxygen in ETC - | [
"Transfer of reducing equivalent to CoQ",
"Transfer of reducing equivalent from cytosol to mitochondria",
"To act as last electron acceptor",
"Generation of ATP"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., To act as last electron acceptor Structural organizations of components of ETCo Components of respiratory chain do not function as discrete carriers of reducing equivalent but are organized into four complexes each of which acts as a specific oxidoreductase. Coenzyme Q and cytochrome C are not parts o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Why is a combination of Ranitidine and Sucralfate better avoided in patient with peptic ulcer disease? | [
"Ranitidine combines with sucralfate and prevents its action",
"Sucralfate inhibits ranitidine absorption",
"Ranitidine increases the gastric pH so sucralfate is not able to act",
"Combination of these two drugs produces serious side effects like agranulacytosis"
] | C | Sucralfate polymerizes at pH < 4 by cross linking of molecules, assumes a sticky gel like consistency, and then preferentially and strongly adheres to ulcer base. Ranitidine would increase the gastric pH (lower acidity) and prevent action of sucralfate by preventing its polymenzation which occurs at pH values < 4. Ref:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are risk factors for preterm delivery except : | [
"Absence of fetal fibronectin at < 37 weeks",
"Previous history of preterm baby",
"Asymptomatic cervical dilatation",
"Chylamydial infection of genital tract"
] | A | Absence of fetal fibronectin at < 37 weeks | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 63-year-old man becomes febrile and begins expectorating large amounts of mucopurulent sputum. Sputum cultures are positive for Gram-positive diplococci. Which of the following mediators of inflammation provides potent chemotactic factors for the directed migration of inflammatory cells into the alveolar air spaces o... | [
"Bradykinin",
"Histamine",
"Myeloperoxidase",
"N-formylated peptides"
] | D | Chemotactic factors are substance that stimulalte cellular migration The most potent chemotactic factors for leukocytes at the site of injury are:- Complement proteins (e.g., C5a) Bacterial and mitochondrial products, paicularly low molecular weight N-formylated peptides Products of arachidonic acid metabolism (especia... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60 year old male had a sudden fall in toilet. His BP was 90/50 mm Hg and pulse was 100/mm. His relatives reported that his stool was black/dark in colour. Further careful history revealed that he is a known case of hypertension and coronary artery disease and was regularly taking aspirin, atenolol and sorbitrate. The... | [
"Gastric ulcer with bleeding",
"Acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock",
"Acute cerebrovascular accident",
"Pulmonary embolism"
] | A | Ans. a. Gastric ulcer with bleeding (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1918, 18/e p2444)In the given question, the 60-year old patient is presenting with black stool (melena) due to G.I. blood loss, history of aspirin use. So the diagnosis is most probably NSAID induced peptic ulcer disease."GI bleeding is the most common complicati... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal expiratory reserve volume of adult? | [
"500 ml",
"3000 ml",
"1200 ml",
"4500 ml"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 1200 ml(Ref: Ganong 24n/e p.629)Inspiratory reserve volume - 3000 mlExpiratory reserve voulume -1200 ml | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements regarding the flow of lymph from lower limb is true? | [
"|ed with change from supine to standing position",
"|ed in increased capillary permeability",
"|ed in deep vein valve incompetence",
"|ed by massage of foot"
] | D | Normally. the fluid in lymph is massaged by muscle contractions of the organs and contraction of aerioles and venules, with which they are often associated which increases the flow through lymph vessels lacking valves and smooth muscle Thus by massaging foot lymph flow can be increased Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical P... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following is a non-freezing cold injury? | [
"Frost bite",
"Chilblains",
"Trench foot",
"Frost nip"
] | C | Cold injury: An injury caused by exposure to extreme cold that can lead to loss of body pas and even to death. Freezing: Examples of cold injury are chilblain, frostbite, and frostbite. Non-freezing cold injury (NFCI) is an injury to the hands or feet resulting from exposure to wet conditions and temperatures just abov... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The enzyme trypsin is specific for peptide bonds of: | [
"Basic amino acids",
"Acidic amino acids",
"Aromatic amino acids",
"Next to small amino acid residues"
] | A | Ans. A. Basic amino acidsTrypsin is an endopeptidase which cleave protein chains at internal peptidebonds, but each preferentially hydrolyses bonds adjacent to a particular type of amino acid residue. Trypsin cuts just next to basic residues (lysine or arginine); chymotrypsin cuts next to aromatic residues (phenylalani... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In ADHD the comorbid condition is | [
"Learning disability",
"Schizhophrenia",
"OCD",
"Seizure"
] | A | Ans: a (Learning disability)ADHD :Cardinal features- Extreme and persistant restlessness,- Sustained and prolonged motor activity,- Difficulty in maintaining attention,- Impulsiveness and difficulty in withholding responses.Symptoms should atleast last for 6 monthsICD 10 requires that symptom should start before 6 yrs ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
If we say that here is no significant association between two variable and if truly an association exists. Then it is called: | [
"Type I error",
"Type II error",
"Systematic error",
"Random error"
] | B | Null hypothesis (H0) there is No significant association In the given question, In reality an association exists, So Null hypothesis is false We say no significant association exists, so we are accepting Null hypothesis Hence its Type II error | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are the features of absence seizures except | [
"Usually seen in childhood",
"3-Hz spike wave in EEG",
"Postictal confusion",
"Precipitation by hyperventilation"
] | C | The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure. It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypeension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms Re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common cause of Kaposi sarcoma? | [
"HHV7",
"HHV8",
"HHV9",
"HHV6"
] | B | Human herpesvirus type 8 is believed to be the cause of most cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum)has more than one cause: the most common is human herpesvirus type 6 and, less frequently, human herpesvirus type 7. Ref:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e, Chapter 119.Introduction to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In chronic secretory otitis media, the treatment of choice is: | [
"Coical mastoidectomy",
"Radical mastoidectomy",
"Grommet tube inseion",
"Antibiotics and antihistaminic for 6 weeks"
] | C | Otitis media with effusion (glue ear) or non-suppurative otitis media or sero mucinous otitis media or exudative otitis media is a very common condition in children and majority of children experience at least one episode in their life. Primary cause is poor Eustachian tube function in children. As the O2 is continuous... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Probable indicators of reversal of neuromuscular blockade are all Except | [
"Lift head for 5 seconds",
"Sustain hand grip for 5 seconds",
"Leg lift for 10 seconds",
"Ability to perform sustained tongue depressor test"
] | C | Clinical pointers for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade are:-Lift head for 5 seconds Lift leg for 5 secondsSustained hand grip for 5 seconds(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 203) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated by | [
"Pan retinal photocoagulation",
"Pars plana vitrectomy",
"Grid laser photocoagulation",
"Focal retinal photocoagulation"
] | A | Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the preferred form of treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). ... In cases where macular edema and PDR coexist, laser treatments are performed: first, laser treatment is used for the macular edema; then for PDR, the PRP is spread over 3 to 4 sessions Ref AK khurana 6/e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which amino acid spares the use of methionine - | [
"Cysteine",
"Glycine",
"Histidine",
"Arginine"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cysteine "Adequate dietary source of cysteine 'spares ' methionine".o Methionine is an essential amino acid.o Methionine is required for synthesis of cysteine (thus cysteine is non-essential amino acid)o Thus, cysteine can spare the requirment of methionine in diet. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Temperature used in Pasteurization is: | [
"72 for 20 min",
"63 for 30 min",
"100 for 10 min",
"94 for 20 min"
] | B | In Pasteurization, the milk is heated at either 63 for 30 min (holder method) or 72 for 15-30 sec followed by rapid cooling (flash process). Pasteurization of milk is an example of sterilization by moist heat. Pasteurization of milk (Sterilization by Moist heat): Low temperature-Long time Method (LTLT) High temperature... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Moist heat burn which is present ? | [
"Charring",
"Blister",
"Ulcer",
"Slough"
] | B | .blisters are characteristic of moist burn | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tripeptide used for oxidation-raduction reaction - | [
"Creatinine",
"Glutathione",
"Melanin",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Glutathione o Glutathione is a tripeptide0 made up of glutamate, cysteine and glycine (y-glutamyl-cysteiny 1-glycine).o Glutathione is present in all mammalian cells except neurons.o The sulphydryl (-SH) group of cysteine residue0 is the reactive portion of glutathione which can undergo oxidation and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In prostatic metastasis, the site most commonly involved is - | [
"Perivesical nodes",
"Obturator nodes",
"Pre-sacral nodes",
"Paraaoic nodes"
] | B | Lymphatic metastases are most often identified in the obturator lymph node chain."-Smith's Most common metastatic sites of prostate carcinoma are lymph nodes & bones Lymphatic metastasis occurs most commonly to - obturator lymph nodes Other lymph nodes involved are common iliac presacral periaoic Also Remember Most com... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient present with frontal abscess. Foul smelling pus is aspirated. Pus shows red fluorescence on ultraviolet examination.The most likely organism causing the frontal abscess is - | [
"Bacteroides",
"Peptostreptococcus",
"Pseudomonas",
"Acanthamoeba"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about Henoch Schonlein Purpura:- | [
"Type 3 Hypersensitivity",
"Palpable purpura due to thrombocytopenia",
"Mild glomerulonephritis",
"Polyarthralgia"
] | B | Palpable purpura is due to Vasculitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about indirect ophthalmoscope except: | [
"Image is real and inveed",
"Details of fundus can be seen even with slightly hazy media",
"Magnification is more than direct ophthalmoscope",
"Used for seeing periphery of fundus"
] | C | C i.e. Magnification is more than direct ophthalmoscope Magnification of direct ophthalmoscope is 15 times where as of indirect ophthalmoscope is 4-5 times. Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
Skin graft vestibuloplasty prevent relapse by: | [
"Forming a barrier to reattachment of muscle to periosteum",
"Promoting osteogenesis to establish a bone barrier to loss of sulcus depth",
"Causing an inhibitory effect on fibroblasts in the underlying tissue",
"None of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
McNaughten Rule is concerned with : | [
"Criminal responsibility",
"Litigation",
"Rape",
"Suicide"
] | A | A i.e. Criminal responsibility | train | med_mcqa | null |
Complications of total thyroidectomy are all, EXCEPT: | [
"Hypocalcaemia",
"Hypercalcaemia",
"Hoarseness of voice",
"Parathyroid loss"
] | B | Nerves, parathyroids, and surrounding structures are all at risk of injury during thyroidectomy. Injury to the RLN may occur by severance, ligation, or traction, but should occur in Hypercalcemia is not a complication of total thyroidectomy. Ref: Lal G., Clark O.H. (2010). Chapter 38. Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most important sign of significance of renal artery stenosis on an angiogram is – | [
"A percentage diameter stenosis > 70%",
"Presence of collaterals",
"A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion",
"Post–stenotic dilatation of the renal artery"
] | B | The presence of arterial collaterals indicates that renal artery stenosis is hemodynamically significant. The diameter of stenotic segment may also give an indication of hemodynamic significance, but is only reliable if the stenosis is either very severe or minimal . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of red degeneration of fibroid in pregnancy: | [
"Analgesics",
"Laparotomy",
"Termination of pregnancy",
"Removal at cesarean section"
] | A | Ans. is a, i.e. AnalgesicsRef. Shaw 14/e, p 326; Dutta Obs. 6/e, p 309; Jeff coate 7/e, p 502Management of Red degeneration of fibroid.Patient is managed conservatively QPatient is put to bed rest and given analgesics Q (to relieve the pain), sedatives Q and, if required antibiotics QIf because of mistaken diagnosis la... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with intestinal malabsorption is found to markedly improve when flour products (bread, noodles, etc.) are removed from his diet. At the height of the patient's disease, marked histologic changes would be seen at which of the following sites? | [
"Distal large bowel",
"Distal small bowel",
"Entire large bowel",
"Proximal small bowel"
] | D | The patient has celiac disease, which is apparently an acquired hypersensitivity to the gluten (such as gliadin) in wheat. Unlike tropical sprue (which may be related to enterotoxigenic E. coli infection), which involves the entire small bowel, celiac sprue is usually limited to the proximal small bowel. This may occur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Risk factors for Retinal detachment are –a) Diabetic retinopathy b) Myopia c) Hypermetropiad) CRVOe) Retinopathy of prematurity | [
"abe",
"bcd",
"cde",
"acd"
] | A | Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity cause tractional retinal detachment.
Myopia causes rheugmatogenous retinal detachment. | train | med_mcqa | null |
SIADH- all are features except - | [
"Decreased sodium, maintaining the concentrating ability of the urine osmolality (> 100 mOsm)",
"Normal sodium balance maintained indicating excess urinary sodium is due to efficient sodium intake",
"Hypouricemia",
"Low blood pressure due to volume depletion"
] | D | The serum sodium concentration is normally regulated by -
The balance of water intake.
Renal excretion of sodium and
ADH mediated water conservation by distal renal tubule.
These processes are mediated by -
Stimulation of thirst
Secretion of ADH
Feedback mechanisms of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and var... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common ovarian tumor in less than 20 years is: | [
"Epithelial tumour",
"Germ cell tumour",
"Metastatic tumour",
"Sexcord stromal tumour"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Legionnaire's disease is caused most commonly by- | [
"Legionella pneumophila",
"Legionella micdadei",
"Pittsburgh agent",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Legionella pneumophila * Most common species infecting man is L pneumophila (most common serogroup 1). Other important species is L. micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) which is partial acid fast.* At least 14 serogroups of L. pneumophila have been identified.* L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (SG 1) acco... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most virulent plasmodium species causing malaria is: March 2013 (c) | [
"Vivax",
"Ovale",
"Falciparum",
"Malariae"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Falciparum malaria Plasmodium falciparum It is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria caused by this species (also called malignant or falciparum malaria) is the most dangerous form of malaria, with the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
vit B12 is found maximum in | [
"Animal products",
"Green leafy vegetables",
"Roots and tubers",
"All"
] | A | ref : lipincott | train | med_mcqa | null |
The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is supplied by....nerve | [
"Hypoglossal",
"Chorda tymapni",
"Lingual",
"Glossopharyngeal"
] | D | D i.e. Glossopharyngeal | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most sensitive imaging for ductal carcinoma insitu breast is | [
"Mammography",
"MRI",
"PET",
"USG"
] | B | Screening with MRI is superior to mammography in detecting invasive breast cancer in younger women, where the sensitivity of mammography is low due to presence of mammographically dense breast parenchyma. Ref: Grainger 5th edition Pgno: 1190, 1188 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are known to produce parenchymatous conjunctival xerosis except | [
"Vitamin A deficiency",
"Stevens-Johnson syndrome",
"Trachoma",
"Diphtheric membranous conjunctivitis"
] | A | Xerosis of conjunctiva Depending upon the etiology, conjunctival xerosis can be divided into two groups, parenchymatous and epithelial xerosis. 1. Parenchymatous xerosis: It occurs following cicatricial disorganization of the conjunctiva due to local causes which can be in the form of (i) widespread destructive interst... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Insulin causes lipogenesis by all, EXCEPT: | [
"Increasing acetyl CoA carboxylase activity",
"Increasing the transpo of glucose into the cell",
"Inhibits PDH",
"Decreased intracellular cAMP level"
] | C | Insulin increases the activity of PDH (Pyruvate dehydrogenase). Insulin increases the recruitment of GLUT to the surface of various cells and thus increases the uptake of insulin various cells. Insulin has got inhibitory effect on adenylyl cyclase activity and so cause dephosphorylation. Insulin increases the activity ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action in pathogenesis of Pseudomembranous colitis by CI difficle ? | [
"Due to invasiveness",
"Due to endotoxin",
"Due to exotoxin",
"Due to NM blockade"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Due to exotoxin Pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis is due to production of two large toxins by C. difficile : i) Toxin A (an enterotoxin) Is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant Causes disruption of cell cytoskeleton by glycosylation of GTP - binding proteins that regulate the actin cell cytoskel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inter Parietal suture is:- | [
"Serrate",
"Denticulate",
"Squamous",
"Plane"
] | A | Types of sutures are as follows:- 1) Serrate Suture:- The edges of bones present saw toothed appearance e.g. sagittal suture between two parietal bones. 2) Denticulate suture:-The margins present teeth with tips being broader than the roots e.g. lambdoid suture. 3) Squamous suture:- Here the edges of bones are united b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
TH1 cells produced by? | [
"Memory T cells",
"Cytotoxic T cells",
"Helper T-cells",
"Suppressor T cells"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Helper T cells * T-cells constitutes 60%-70% of the circulating peripheral lymphocytes. Based on their surface markers, target cells and functions the following T cell category have been identified :-A) Helper T-cells (Inducer T-cells)# These cells constitute 60% of total T-cells. These have CD4 surfa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Child born to mothers with Phenylketonuria will have all except | [
"Mental retardation",
"Macrocephaly",
"Growth retardation",
"Congenital heart disease"
] | B | Child born to mothers with Phenylketonuria will have :
Microcephaly
Growth retardation
Mental retardation
Congenital heart disease | train | med_mcqa | null |
The caloric test for vestibular functions, tests mainly which of the following? | [
"Ocular movements",
"Bilateral vestibular loss",
"Lateral semicircular canals",
"Tympanic perforation"
] | C | The caloric test is a gold standard investigation for unilateral vestibular deficit. It uses non-physiologic stimulus like water for air to induce endolymphatic flow in the semicircular canals by creating a temperature gradient from one side of the canal to another. It specifically tests the horizontal or the lateral s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which intravenous anaesthetic agent has analgesic effect also | [
"Thiopentone",
"Propofol",
"Etomidate",
"Ketamine"
] | D | Ketamine does not elicit pain on injection, instead produces profound analgesia. Thiopentone at a concentration greater than 2.5% can produce pain on injection and venous thrombosis. Propofol is formulated as a lipid emulsion which causes pain on injection. A new aqueous prodrug, Fospropofol is associated with less pai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic hallucination of schizophrenia is | [
"Auditory hallucinations commanding the patient",
"Auditory hallucinations giving running commentary",
"Auditory hallucinations criticizing the patient",
"Auditory hallucinations talking to patient"
] | B | Ans. B. Auditory hallucinations giving running commentaryThird-person hallucinations, e.g. voices heard arguing, commenting or discussing the patient or giving a running commentary on one's action; are characteristic of schizophrenia.In schizophrenia auditory hallucinations are the most common type of hallucinations. F... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gallstones may be complicated by which of the following? 1. Pancreatitis 2. Choledocholithisasis 3. Acute cholecystitis 4. Carcinoma stomach 5. Carcinoma pancreas | [
"1,2 & 3",
"2,3 & 4",
"1,3 & 5",
"2,3 & 5"
] | A | Effects and complications of gallbladder stones are: In Gallbladder In Bile ducts In the intestine Silent stone Acute cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Mucocele Empyema Perforation Gangrene Carcinoma Obstructive jaundice Cholangitis Acute pancreatitis Acute intestinal obstruction (Gallstone ileus) Ref: Bailey & Love ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are true regarding superfecundation, EXCEPT: | [
"It is the feilization of 2 ova discharge at the same by 2 separate acts of coetus",
"Is associated with foetus papyraceus",
"The development of the twins in the uterus is equal",
"The spermatozoa causing the feilization may be from 2 different men"
] | C | In case of superfecundation the development of the twins in uterus is parallel but not equal. It depends on the relative blood supplies from the separately formed placentae. Also know Superfoetation - is the feilization of a second ovum in a woman who is already pregnant. Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicolo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are characteristics of case control study except - | [
"Quick results are obtained",
"Measures incidence rate",
"Proceeds from effect to cause",
"Inexpensive study"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Measures incidence rate o Incidence rate can not be measured by case-control study as denominator (population at risk is not available).ADVANTAGES1. Relatively easy to carry out.2. Rapid and inexpensive (compared with cohort studies).3. Require comparatively few subj ects.4. Particularly suitable to i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
IOC for sub-arachnoid hemorrhage | [
"CT scan",
"MRI",
"Lumbar puncture",
"MRA"
] | A | Ans. (a) CT scanRef.: Harrison 19th ed. /1786* The diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually depends on a high index of clinical suspicion combined with radiologic confirmation via urgent computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast.* Traditionally, a negative CT scan is followed with lumbar puncture (LP). H... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Definition of family is? | [
"Biologically related members living together",
"Biologically related members living under single roof",
"Group of people living together and sharing a kitchen",
"Biologically related people living together and sharing a kitchen"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) Biologically related people living together and sharing a kitchenREF: Park 22nd ed page 634FAMILY:The family is Primary unit of all societies. It is a group of biologically related individuals living together and eating from a common kitchen. It differs from household. All members of household are not biolo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nullity of marriage is considered when ? | [
"Adultery in first 7 years",
"Infeility of husband",
"Assault in first 7yrs",
"Age > 55years"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Infeility of husband Under section 12 of Hindu Marriage Act 1955 or section 24 of Special Marriage Act 1954, a wife may seek divorce on the ground that her husband was impotent at the time of marriage and continues to be impotent therefore he is incapable of fulfilling the rights of consummation of ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ideal screening test should be | [
"Safe",
"Reliable",
"Valid",
"All of the above"
] | D | The criteria for screening are based on two consideration :
Disease to be screened, and
Screening test to be applied.
A) Disease to be screened
The disease should be an important health problem with a recognizable latent or asymptomatic stage.
There should be a test (screening test) which can detect the disease prio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true regarding Bells palsy is all except: | [
"Herpes simplex virus is commonly implicated",
"Steroids are the treatment of choice",
"Unilateral facial weakness",
"Immediate nerve decompression is required"
] | D | Ans. d. Immediate nerve decompression is required (Ref: Dhingra 4th/94-95)Immediate nerve decompression is not required in Bell's palsy, initially steroids are given and recovery occurs in 85-90% cases. Nerve decompression relieves pressure on the nerve fibers and improves the microcirculation of nerve, done in non-res... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about H. pylori is | [
"Helicobacter pylori are characterized by curved gram-positive bacilli, multiple polar flagella, microaerophilic, and urease activity",
"Clinical manifestations include Type A gastritis",
"It is transmitted fecal-oral route",
"The most rapid test to detect H. pylori is the PCR"
] | C | Helicobacter pylori are characterized by curved gram-negative bacilli, multiple polar flagella, microaerophilic, and urease activity.Clinical manifestations include Type B gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric MALT lymphomas conjunctivitis, or gastroenteritis.It is transmitted fecal-oral route.The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 23 Year old female presents with anemia and jaundice for 2 years. Peripheral smear shows spherocytes. The best investigation to be done is : | [
"Reticulocyte Count",
"Reticulocyte Count",
"Coombs Test",
"Bone Marrow Aspiration"
] | C | Answer is C (Coombs test) Presence of anemia and jaundice together with spherocytes in peripheral smear is consistent with the diagnosis of both 'hereditary spherocytosis' and 'immunohemolytic anemias'. Coomb's test is the single best next investigation here as it will establish the above distinction. According to Harr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Obligate intracellular parasite among the following is | [
"Naegleria fowleri",
"Acanthamoeba",
"Toxoplasma",
"Balamuthia"
] | C | Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's reproduction is entirely reliant on intracellular resources. Toxoplasma,Cryptosporidium Bacteria-chlamydia ,Rickettsia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following may be classified as a hydrophobic amino acid at pH 7.0? | [
"Isoleucine",
"Aginine",
"Aspaic acid",
"Lysine"
] | A | Amino acids having nonpolar side chains: These include Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline, Phenylalanine, and Tryptophan. These groups are hydrophobic (water repellant) and lipophilic. Therefore, the pas of proteins made up of these amino acids will be hydrophobic in nature.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Te... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following aery provides blood supply to lateral geniculate body? | [
"Anterior cerebral aery",
"Middle cerebral aery",
"Posterior cerebral aery",
"Posterior communicating aery"
] | C | Posterior cerebral aery supplies the posteromedial aspect of the lateral geniculate body and thus nourishes the fibers coming from the superior homonymous quadrants of the retina. Anterolateral aspect of the LGB is supplied by the anterior choroidal aery, and thus it supplies the fibers coming from the inferior homonym... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post Superior Alveolar Nerve is a branch of: | [
"Mandibular",
"Facial",
"Lingual",
"Maxillary"
] | D | Posterior superior alveolar nerve is a direct branch of Maxillary Nerve. It supplies mainly the molar teeth. It also supplies the maxillary sinus, gingiva and inner cheek region. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trypsin cleaves which amino acid? | [
"Glycine",
"Glutamate",
"Arginine",
"Aspartate"
] | C | Trypsin cleaves carboxy terminal of basic amino acids. Eg: Arginine, Lysine | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are radiological features of scleroderrna except: | [
"Diffuse periosteal reaction",
"Oesophageal dysmotility",
"Erosion of the tip of the phalanges",
"Lung nodules"
] | A | Ans. Diffuse periosteal reaction | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about latch bridge mechanism | [
"Binding of tropomyosin to actin",
"Sustained contraction of smooth muscle with low consumption of energy",
"Variability of tension at particular length",
"None of the above"
] | B | Latch bridge mechanism is seen in smooth muscle. In smooth muscle, even after depolarisation of muscle cross bridge continue to cling for sometime leading to sustained contraction of smooth muscle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which presbyopic lens is used for 45 year old emmetropic individual? | [
"+0.5D",
"+1.0D",
"+1.5D",
"+2.0D"
] | B | Rough estimate for presbyopic add
45 yrs : +1.00 to +1.35 D
50 yrs : +1.50 to +1.75 D
55 yrs : +2.00 to +2.25 D | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of mitral stenosis is | [
"Rheumatic hea disease",
"Infective endocarditis",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Congenital"
] | A | Refer robbins 9/e 554 Rheumatic hea disease (RHD) is damage to one or more hea valves that remains after an episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is resolved. It is caused by an episode or recurrent episodes of ARF, where the hea has become inflamed. The hea valves can remain stretched and/or scarred, and normal blood... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 14-year-old presents to the OPD since she has not yet menstruated.On examination there is breast development and normal pubic hair growth. Which of the following best describes the normal sequence of pubeal changes in the female? | [
"Veical growth, menarche, thelarche, Pubarche",
"Pubarche,Veical growth,thelarche, menarche",
"Thelarche, Veical growth, Pubarche, menarche",
"Thelarche, Pubarche, Veical growth, menarche"
] | D | In girls, pubeal development typically takes place over 4.5 years .Sex steroid production during pubey stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics,growth of long bones which is the reason for veical growth spu. * The first sign of pubey is accelerated growth, and breast budding is usually the first recogniz... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is safe maximum time for storage of kidney? | [
"24 hours",
"48 hours",
"36 hours",
"80 hours"
] | C | Optimal time for kidney transplant is within 18 hours. Max peroid is 36 hours. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The active site of an enzyme will bind to which of the following set of molecules indicated? | [
"Substrate of the Reaction - Yes; Allosteric Inhibitors - Yes; Competitive Inhibitors - Yes; Non-competitive Inhibitors - Yes",
"Substrate of the Reaction - Yes; Allosteric Inhibitors - No; Competitive Inhibitors - Yes; Non-competitive Inhibitors - Yes",
"Substrate of the Reaction - No; Allosteric Inhibitors - ... | C | The active site is formed when the enzyme folds into its three-dimensional configuration and may involve amino acid residues that are far apart in the primary sequence. Substrate molecules bind at the active site, as will competitive inhibitors (because the inhibitor reduces enzyme activity by competing with substrate ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 38 year old woman with peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum experiences severe abdominal pain. Which of the following nervous structures is most likely involved? | [
"Greater splanchnic nerve",
"Ventral roots of the spinal nerve",
"Lower intercostal nerve",
"Lesser splanchnic nerve"
] | A | Foregut: (Duodenum) sympathetic supply - greater splanchnic nerve which carries pain sensation as well parasympathetic - vagus. Midgut: sympathetic supply - lesser splanchnic nerve, parasympathetic - vagus. Hind gut: sympathetic- least splanchnic nerve, parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are seen in hypothyroidism except - | [
"Weight gain",
"Cold intolerance",
"Diarrhoea",
"Menorrhagia"
] | C | Diarrhea is a feature of hyperthyroidism.
Hypothyroidism
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism
In area of iodine sufficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) is the most common cause.
Clinical features of hypothyroidism
Weight gain, poor appetite
Cold intolera... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Effect of efferent aeriole constriction and afferent aeriole dilatation on GFR is? | [
"Increases",
"Decreases",
"No change",
"First increase then decrease"
] | A | Increases REF: Ganong's 22" chapter 38 Increase in renal blood flow increases GFR. Afferent aeriole brings blood to the nephron hence its dilation will increase renal blood flow, and efferent aeriole takes blood away from the nephrons, hence its constriction will cause increase filtration, hence increase in GFR. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Quarter staggered arrangement is seen in: | [
"Immunoglobulin",
"Hemoglobin",
"Collagen",
"Keratin"
] | C | Ans. C. CollagenTriple Helix in CollagenQuarter Staggered arrangement in CollagenCovalent cross links in collagenDesmosine cross links in elastin | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peussis vaccine side effect | [
"Local pain",
"Excessive cry",
"Fever",
"All of above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Peussis vaccine Available as whole cell and acellular as DTPw and DTPa Primary immunisation at 6, 10, 14 weeks followed by booster dose 1'/2 year and 5 year. Whole cell causes more side effect than acellular Side effect-local pain, redness, fever, irritability, excessive cry because o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thiamine deficiency is known to occur in all of the following except | [
"Food faddist",
"Homocystinemia",
"Chronic alcoholic",
"Chronic hea failure"
] | B | beriberi, may or may not be associated with hea failure and edema acute pernicious (fulminating) beriberi, in which hea failure and metabolic abnormalities predominate Wernicke encephalopathy is associated especially with alcohol and narcotic abuse ref harper 13th ed page 556 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Jiffy denture is a type of | [
"Interim immediate denture",
"Conventional complete denture",
"Fixed partial denture",
"Cast partial denture"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus is a pa of | [
"Cell wall",
"Genome",
"Limiting membrane",
"Plasmid"
] | A | Protien A, is the cell surface protien, present in most S.aureus strains, has many biological propeies, including chemotactic, antiphagocytic and anti-complementary effects. IT also induces platelet damage and hypersensitivity. Ref: Textbook of Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th Edition; Pg:203 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lifespan of fetal RBC is- | [
"Same as adult RBC",
"1/4 of adult RBC",
"1/2 of adult RBC",
"2/3 of adult RBC"
] | D | Ans. (d) 2/3 of adult RBCRef: Ganong, 25th ed/p.555Life span of fetal RBCs is 60 to 90 days. It is about 2/3rd of adult RBCs life span | train | med_mcqa | null |
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