index int64 10 229k | q_id stringlengths 5 6 | question stringlengths 4 300 | best_answer stringlengths 13 15k | all_answers sequence | num_answers int64 1 170 | top_answers sequence | num_top_answers int64 0 119 | context stringlengths 1.72k 9.92k | orig stringlengths 1.82k 10k | target stringlengths 21 15k |
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144,892 | 1aw68y | What was the crime rate among American GIs during World War 2? | Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.During the Battle of the Bulge Ger... | [
"Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.\n\nDuring the Battle of the ... | 1 | [
"Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.\n\nDuring the Battle of the ... | 1 | <P> BULLET::::- Secret wartime files made public only in 2006 reveal that American GIs committed 400 sexual offenses in Europe, including 126 rapes in England, between 1942 and 1945. A study by Robert J. Lilly estimates that a total of 14,000 civilian women in England, France and Germany were raped by American GIs dur... | question: What was the crime rate among American GIs during World War 2? context: <P> BULLET::::- Secret wartime files made public only in 2006 reveal that American GIs committed 400 sexual offenses in Europe, including 126 rapes in England, between 1942 and 1945. A study by Robert J. Lilly estimates that a total of 1... | answer: Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.During the Battle of the B... |
153,467 | 2st4aa | what is happening to my body when i get high while simultaneously being drunk? | It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger. | [
"It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness or alcohol poisoning, is the negative behavior and physical effects due to the recent drinking of ethanol (alcohol). Symptoms at lower doses may include mild sedation and poor coordination. At higher doses, there may be slurred speech, trouble walking, and vomiting. ... | question: what is happening to my body when i get high while simultaneously being drunk? context: <P> Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness or alcohol poisoning, is the negative behavior and physical effects due to the recent drinking of ethanol (alcohol). Symptoms at lower doses may include mild sedation an... | answer: It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger. |
41,677 | 1wuprh | why fruits get juicier after ripening after they have been cut off the tree | Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. | [
"Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. ",
"Well usually the fruit has a seed and the rest of the fruit is to provide nutrients to the seed. When the fruit ripens, it slowly starts to feed th... | 2 | [
"Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. "
] | 1 | <P> Fruit maturity is not always apparent visually, as the fruits remain the same shade of green until they are overripe or rotting. One usually may sense ripeness, however, by giving the fruit a soft squeeze; a ripe feijoa yields to pressure somewhat like a just-ripe banana. Generally, the fruit is at its optimum rip... | question: why fruits get juicier after ripening after they have been cut off the tree context: <P> Fruit maturity is not always apparent visually, as the fruits remain the same shade of green until they are overripe or rotting. One usually may sense ripeness, however, by giving the fruit a soft squeeze; a ripe feijoa ... | answer: Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. |
28,247 | 1oolvd | I biked home in the rain tonight. Would I have got just as wet from walking? | Consider purely vertical rain.When standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is falling ... | [
"Consider purely vertical rain.\n\nWhen standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> According to Roll, "I am sure Lance had probably never met a bike racer like me...a person who could still find some joy and happiness in such weather misery. We had eight hours a day, for eight straight days, of continuous riding in the pouring rain - rain in Biblical proportions! I think Lance would've turned th... | question: I biked home in the rain tonight. Would I have got just as wet from walking? context: <P> According to Roll, "I am sure Lance had probably never met a bike racer like me...a person who could still find some joy and happiness in such weather misery. We had eight hours a day, for eight straight days, of contin... | answer: Consider purely vertical rain.When standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is ... |
130,315 | 1vhj2t | is there an actual genetic proof to the penis size stereotypes? | You should try [r/askscience](_URL_0_) for a more accurate answer | [
"There are documented statistical patterns among men of varios races. The stereotypes are consistent with these statistical patterns in terms of rank but not in terms of absolute measurements.",
"The difference is only .2 inches or so, but the stereotypes did match up. I'll edit my comment later with a real sourc... | 6 | [
"There are documented statistical patterns among men of varios races. The stereotypes are consistent with these statistical patterns in terms of rank but not in terms of absolute measurements.",
"The difference is only .2 inches or so, but the stereotypes did match up. I'll edit my comment later with a real sourc... | 6 | <P> There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 which may determine the penis size. The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome may have a role to play. Variance in size can often be attributed to... | question: is there an actual genetic proof to the penis size stereotypes? context: <P> There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 which may determine the penis size. The SRY gene located on th... | answer: You should try [r/askscience](_URL_0_) for a more accurate answer |
185,726 | 1svtb1 | If I wore goggles that inverted my vision, would my brain adapt and make it seem as if its not? | [Yes.](_URL_0_) *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, "normal vision was restored instantane... | [
"[Yes.](_URL_0_) \n *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, \"normal vision was restored in... | 3 | [
"[Yes.](_URL_0_) \n *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, \"normal vision was restored in... | 2 | <P> The initial pointing errors induced by the prismatic goggles are caused by the misalignment of the observer's motor and proprioceptive maps. Once the error has been detected, the observer makes a conscious effort to try and fix the error via strategic recalibration. The reduction in error is also helped by an unco... | question: If I wore goggles that inverted my vision, would my brain adapt and make it seem as if its not? context: <P> The initial pointing errors induced by the prismatic goggles are caused by the misalignment of the observer's motor and proprioceptive maps. Once the error has been detected, the observer makes a cons... | answer: [Yes.](_URL_0_) *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, "normal vision was restored in... |
179,115 | 2m56x4 | why would someone want a flexible spending account? | Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.If you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable healthcare e... | [
"Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.\n\nIf you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable hea... | 1 | [
"Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.\n\nIf you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable hea... | 1 | <P> A flexible spending account (FSA), also known as a flexible spending arrangement, is one of a number of tax-advantaged financial accounts, resulting in payroll tax savings. Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, one significant disadvantage to using an FSA was that funds not used by the end of the ... | question: why would someone want a flexible spending account? context: <P> A flexible spending account (FSA), also known as a flexible spending arrangement, is one of a number of tax-advantaged financial accounts, resulting in payroll tax savings. Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, one significant ... | answer: Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.If you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable heal... |
77,892 | 2qt93z | why does my vision get obscured when a strong light source hit my eyes | Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas. | [
"Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> These cause permanent obstruction of aqueous outflow. In some cases, pressure may rapidly build up in the eye, causing pain and redness (symptomatic, or so-called "acute" angle closure). In this situation, the vision may become blurred, and halos may be seen around bright lights. Accompanying symptoms may include ... | question: why does my vision get obscured when a strong light source hit my eyes context: <P> These cause permanent obstruction of aqueous outflow. In some cases, pressure may rapidly build up in the eye, causing pain and redness (symptomatic, or so-called "acute" angle closure). In this situation, the vision may beco... | answer: Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas. |
143,153 | 2m6jqu | what are you hearing different between 320kbps and 128kbps. also flac, mp3, or aac audio | Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or "blur" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.If you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones and listen t... | [
"Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or \"blur\" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.\n\nIf you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones a... | 1 | [
"Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or \"blur\" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.\n\nIf you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones a... | 1 | <P> E-MU 20K is the commercial name for a line of audio chips by Creative Technology, commercially known as the Sound Blaster X-Fi chipset. The series comprises the E-MU 20K1 (CA20K1) and E-MU 20K2 (CA20K2) audio chips.
<P> Microsoft has sometimes claimed that the sound quality of WMA at 64 kbit/s equals or exceeds ... | question: what are you hearing different between 320kbps and 128kbps. also flac, mp3, or aac audio context: <P> E-MU 20K is the commercial name for a line of audio chips by Creative Technology, commercially known as the Sound Blaster X-Fi chipset. The series comprises the E-MU 20K1 (CA20K1) and E-MU 20K2 (CA20K2) audi... | answer: Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or "blur" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.If you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones and ... |
907 | 7i45d5 | how was the internet made? like how did they discover coding, etc? | Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in 1969. T... | [
"Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in 19... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> As the Internet grew from a forum for sharing information to a marketplace for doing business, a technology matured that allowed computers to transact with each other more easily. Out of these Internet roots, web service technology was born.
<P> While the Internet began with a U.S. Government research project in... | question: how was the internet made? like how did they discover coding, etc? context: <P> As the Internet grew from a forum for sharing information to a marketplace for doing business, a technology matured that allowed computers to transact with each other more easily. Out of these Internet roots, web service technolo... | answer: Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in... |
64,562 | a99h6s | Which plane was the first to have radar? | Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.On the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 1940. They ... | [
"Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.\nOn the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 1940... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Initially, the radar was designed to detect fighter aircraft at 100 miles and 16,000 feet. The radar used five transmitters that operated at S-band frequencies ranging from 2700 to 3019 MHz. It took twenty-five people to operate the radar.
<P> The Air-Surface Vessel Mark I, using electronics similar to those of... | question: Which plane was the first to have radar? context: <P> Initially, the radar was designed to detect fighter aircraft at 100 miles and 16,000 feet. The radar used five transmitters that operated at S-band frequencies ranging from 2700 to 3019 MHz. It took twenty-five people to operate the radar.
<P> The Air-... | answer: Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.On the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 194... |
225,452 | 5u32gg | what makes gordon ramsay such an incredible chef? wouldn't the skill level of top level culinary artists not vary a lot? | He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.Creating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant business, ... | [
"He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.\n\nCreating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant b... | 3 | [
"He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.\n\nCreating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant b... | 1 | <P> Ramsay's reputation is built upon his goal of culinary perfection, which is associated with winning three Michelin stars. His mentor, Marco Pierre White noted that he is highly competitive. Since the airing of "Boiling Point", which followed Ramsay's quest of earning three Michelin stars, the chef has also become ... | question: what makes gordon ramsay such an incredible chef? wouldn't the skill level of top level culinary artists not vary a lot? context: <P> Ramsay's reputation is built upon his goal of culinary perfection, which is associated with winning three Michelin stars. His mentor, Marco Pierre White noted that he is highl... | answer: He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.Creating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant bu... |
120,644 | 10n8gg | Shouldn't there be a theoretical limit to data storage capacity per mass? Do we know what this limit is? | The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. | [
"DNA is the only thing I can think of with the highest data:size ratio, but there may be smaller.",
"The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can b... | 3 | [
"The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. "
] | 1 | <P> It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4.5:1. It is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides 1,300 exabytes of ... | question: Shouldn't there be a theoretical limit to data storage capacity per mass? Do we know what this limit is? context: <P> It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4... | answer: The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. |
176,246 | 2xl733 | Why was Jazz considered degenerated music? | Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.There were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the time.Chance... | [
"Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.\n\nThere were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the ti... | 1 | [
"Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.\n\nThere were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the ti... | 1 | <P> Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the... | question: Why was Jazz considered degenerated music? context: <P> Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole pr... | answer: Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.There were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the tim... |
26,796 | 1xc8kd | in prehistoric times, why didn't insects evolve to become much larger? | they did _URL_0_ | [
"they did _URL_0_",
"Insects were actually a lot bigger during the dinosaur era. For instance, there was a Giant Dragonfly that was approximately the size of a large seagull in wingspan, there was a Giant Centipede that was more than 8 feet long and 3 feet wide.\n\nTo answer your question: they did. ",
"It's ... | 4 | [
"they did _URL_0_",
"Insects were actually a lot bigger during the dinosaur era. For instance, there was a Giant Dragonfly that was approximately the size of a large seagull in wingspan, there was a Giant Centipede that was more than 8 feet long and 3 feet wide.\n\nTo answer your question: they did. "
] | 2 | <P> The differences between modern and prehistoric varieties can be essential, and, like many other creatures of prehistory, the latter tended to be much larger than their contemporary equivalents. This size difference is thought to be due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels (allowing diffusion through spiracles over ... | question: in prehistoric times, why didn't insects evolve to become much larger? context: <P> The differences between modern and prehistoric varieties can be essential, and, like many other creatures of prehistory, the latter tended to be much larger than their contemporary equivalents. This size difference is thought... | answer: they did _URL_0_ |
193,841 | ea51vt | Why does the French Foreign Legion have such a romantic reputation while other foreign formations have been forgotten? | Hi there!First off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order to answer... | [
"Hi there!\n\nFirst off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order ... | 1 | [
"Hi there!\n\nFirst off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order ... | 1 | <P> Beyond its reputation as an elite unit often engaged in serious fighting, the recruitment practices of the French Foreign Legion have also led to a somewhat romanticised view of it being a place for disgraced or "wronged" men looking to leave behind their old lives and start new ones. This view of the legion is co... | question: Why does the French Foreign Legion have such a romantic reputation while other foreign formations have been forgotten? context: <P> Beyond its reputation as an elite unit often engaged in serious fighting, the recruitment practices of the French Foreign Legion have also led to a somewhat romanticised view of... | answer: Hi there!First off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order t... |
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