| --- |
| license: apache-2.0 |
| pretty_name: ProofWriter (The Cut) |
| tags: |
| - logical-reasoning |
| - proof-generation |
| configs: |
| - config_name: owa-att-noneg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-noneg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-noneg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-noneg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-noneg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-neg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-neg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-neg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-neg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-neg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-neg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-neg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-neg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-neg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-neg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-neg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-neg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-att-neg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-att-neg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-att-neg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-att-neg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-noneg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-noneg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-noneg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-noneg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-noneg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-neg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-neg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-neg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: owa-rel-neg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: owa-rel-neg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-noneg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-noneg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-noneg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-noneg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-noneg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-neg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-neg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-neg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-att-neg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-att-neg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-noneg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-noneg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-noneg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-noneg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-noneg-d5/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-neg-d1 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d1/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d1/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d1/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-neg-d2 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d2/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d2/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d2/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-neg-d3 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d3/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d3/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d3/test.parquet |
| - config_name: cwa-rel-neg-d5 |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d5/train.parquet |
| - split: val |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d5/val.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: cwa-rel-neg-d5/test.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # ProofWriter (The Cut) |
|
|
| A **selection** of `proofwriter-mirror`, not a transform of it: every row is a mirror row |
| restricted to one question, with the same schema and every value verbatim. What this dataset adds |
| is *which* rows and *in what order*, so a number measured on it can be read. |
|
|
| ## What was kept |
|
|
| Of ProofWriter's six question strategies, two — **`proof` and `rconc`** — the only two the whole task ladder |
| can score, since a `proof` question has a derivation to recover and an `rconc` question's answer |
| is that none exists. |
|
|
| The other four are dropped, and the reason is measurable. In an open-world, negation-free theory |
| no negated atom is derivable, so **every** negative-polarity question is unentailed: audited |
| across all 40 mirror configs, the entailed rate on those rows is `0.000` in all ten `owa-noneg` |
| ones. Since the three `inv-*` strategies are exactly the negated half of the question set, half of |
| any raw split is answerable by *"if the statement says «not», answer False"*, with no reasoning at |
| all. It cannot be balanced away — there is no entailed negative-polarity row to balance against — |
| so it is trimmed. |
|
|
| `random` goes too: its failure chain is the bare `(FAIL)` at depth 0, a lookup refusal rather than |
| a search. Dropping it drops depth 0 with it, and with that the corpus's heaviest skew. |
|
|
| ## How much, at which depth |
|
|
| Classes are **matched per depth**, so each split is 50 / 50 entailed / unentailed and chance is |
| exactly 0.5. Depth is first-class on both sides: for an unprovable question ProofWriter's `QDep` |
| is the depth the *failed* search reached — it equals the `failure.depth` witness on every |
| unprovable row of all 40 configs — so an `rconc` row at depth *k* demands the same traversal as a |
| `proof` row at depth *k*. |
|
|
| The corpus thins geometrically with depth, so an untapered split would be three-quarters shallow |
| and its aggregate would nearly restate depth 1. Allocation walks depths deepest-first: the deepest |
| cell is taken **whole**, and each shallower one gets **1.5x** its deeper neighbour's realized |
| count, floored and capped by availability. |
|
|
| The deep end is therefore bounded by the shelf, not by the recipe — on `owa-att-noneg-d5`, `val` |
| holds 8 pairs at depth 5 against 40 at depth 1. **Read a per-depth result with its n**, and do not |
| weigh the deepest point like the shallowest. |
|
|
| ## Splits, and the order |
|
|
| | split | drawn from | meant for | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `train` | mirror `train` | training | |
| | `val` | mirror `dev` | the curve during a run | |
| | `test` | mirror `test` | the reported number, read once | |
|
|
| All three share one allocation: a validation curve measures the training distribution only if both |
| are drawn from the same one. |
|
|
| **The row order is part of the dataset.** Rows are round-robined over (depth, class), so every |
| cell contributes once before any contributes twice and the classes stay within one row of each |
| other at every prefix — which means taking the first N rows is a fair sample at any N. Consumers |
| that truncate without shuffling (a training run's `num_examples`, say) are why it is published |
| this way rather than left to chance. |
|
|
| Which rows fill a cell depends on nothing but the corpus's own ids: the least-used theory first, |
| ties broken by `(theory_id, question_id)`. No seed, and no dependence on row order upstream. |
|
|
| - **Derived from:** `proofwriter-mirror` (itself a typed mirror of AI2's ProofWriter `V2020.12.3`). |
| - **License:** `apache-2.0`, inherited. |
| - Not affiliated with or endorsed by AI2; bundled here with attribution. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ProofWriter — and the RuleTaker corpora it builds on — are AI2's work. Please cite them: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{tafjord-etal-2021-proofwriter, |
| title = "{P}roof{W}riter: Generating Implications, Proofs, and Abductive |
| Statements over Natural Language", |
| author = "Tafjord, Oyvind and Dalvi, Bhavana and Clark, Peter", |
| booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021", |
| year = "2021", |
| eprint = "2012.13048", |
| archivePrefix = "arXiv", |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{clark-etal-2020-transformers, |
| title = "Transformers as Soft Reasoners over Language", |
| author = "Clark, Peter and Tafjord, Oyvind and Richardson, Kyle", |
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th International Joint Conference on |
| Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-20)", |
| year = "2020", |
| eprint = "2002.05867", |
| archivePrefix = "arXiv", |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
