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Alkali salts or base salts are salts that are the product of incomplete neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid .
Rather than being neutral (as some other salts ), alkali salts are bases as their name suggests. What makes these compounds basic is that the conjugate base from the weak acid hydrolyzes to form a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_salt |
Alkaline sulfur liquid battery ( SLIQ ) is a liquid battery which consists of only one rechargeable liquid and a technology which can be used for grid storage .
One of the most promising possibilities of enhancing battery energy storage is to use sulphur as the positive electrode. Lithium-sulphur batteries are a tempt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_sulfur_liquid_battery |
An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of Brønsted-Lowry acid or base (titrate) by neutralizing it using a solution of known concentration (titrant). [ 1 ] A pH indicator is used to monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction and a titration curve can be constru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetry |
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The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table . They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). [ 1 ] The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard tem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal |
Alkaline lysis is the process of isolating plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in bacteria. It is a standard method used in molecular biology to isolate the plasmid without obtaining chromosomal DNA. The first alkaline lysis was performed by Birnom and Doly in 1979. [ 1 ] Since then, slight modifications have been made... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_lysis |
Alkaline tide (mal del puerco) refers to a condition, normally encountered after eating a meal, where during the production of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells in the stomach, the parietal cells secrete bicarbonate ions across their basolateral membranes and into the blood , causing a temporary increase in blood... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_tide |
Alkaline water electrolysis is a type of electrolysis that is characterized by having two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte. Commonly, a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 25-40 wt% is used. [ 6 ] These electrodes are separated by a diaphragm, separating the product ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_water_electrolysis |
Alkalinity (from Arabic : القلوية , romanized : al-qaly , lit. 'ashes of the saltwort ') [ 1 ] is the capacity of water to resist acidification . [ 2 ] It should not be confused with basicity , which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinity |
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline ( pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile |
Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non-crystalline silicon dioxide , which is found in many common aggregates . This reaction can cause the expansion of the altered aggregate, leading to spalling and loss of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali–aggregate_reaction |
The alkali–carbonate reaction is an alteration process first suspected in the 1950s in Canada for the degradation of concrete containing dolomite aggregates . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite , (MgOH) 2 , and calcite (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali–carbonate_reaction |
The alkali–silica reaction ( ASR ), also commonly known as concrete cancer , [ 3 ] is a deleterious internal swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous ( i.e. , non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates , given sufficient moistur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali–silica_reaction |
In chemistry , rotamers are chemical species that differ from one another primarily due to rotations about one or more single bonds . Various arrangements of atoms in a molecule that differ by rotation about single bonds can also be referred to as conformations . Conformers/rotamers differ little in their energies, so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane_stereochemistry |
Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene . This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two stereocenters in a single operation. Generally, there are four categories of reaction modes for alkene carboamination. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene_carboamination |
Reactions of alkenyl- and alkynylaluminium compounds involve the transfer of a nucleophilic alkenyl or alkynyl group attached to aluminium to an electrophilic atom. Stereospecific hydroalumination, carboalumination, and terminal alkyne metalation are useful methods for generation of the necessary alkenyl- and alkynylal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkenylaluminium_compounds |
Alkermes plc is a fully-integrated biopharmaceutical company that focuses on developing medicines for psychiatric and neurological disorders. The company was founded in 1987 by Michael Wall. [ 3 ] In September 2011 Alkermes, Inc. merged with Elan Drug Technologies (EDT), the former drug formulation and manufacturing di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkermes_plc |
An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of Brønsted-Lowry acid or base (titrate) by neutralizing it using a solution of known concentration (titrant). [ 1 ] A pH indicator is used to monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction and a titration curve can be constru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimetry |
In chemistry , an alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom. They are written as RO − , where R is the organyl substituent . Alkoxides are strong bases [ citation needed ] and, when R is not bulky , good nucleophiles and good lig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxide |
In chemistry , the alkoxy group is an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen ; thus R−O . Denoted usually with apostrophe('). The range of alkoxy groups is vast, the simplest being methoxy ( CH 3 O− ). [ 1 ] An ethoxy group ( CH 3 CH 2 O− ) is found in the organic compound ethyl phenyl ether ( C 6 H 5 OCH 2 C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy_group |
An alkyd is a polyester resin modified by the addition of fatty acids and other components. [ 1 ] Alkyds are derived from polyols and organic acids including dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid anhydride and triglyceride oils . The term alkyd is a modification of the original name "alcid", reflecting the fact that th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyd |
Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with an alkyl group with a single ring of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula
They are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane , methylcyclobutane , methylcyclopentane , methylcyclohexane , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_cycloalkane |
In organic chemistry , an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen . [ 1 ] The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions.
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −C n H 2 n +1 . A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_group |
In organic chemistry , alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds based upon the molecular structure R−O−N=O , where R represents an alkyl group . Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid . They are distinct from nitro compounds ( R−NO 2 ).
The first few members of the series are volatile liquids; methyl ni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_nitrite |
Alkyl sulfonates are esters of alkane sulfonic acids with the general formula R-SO 2 -O-R'. They act as alkylating agents , some of them are used as alkylating antineoplastic agents in the treatment of cancer , e.g. Busulfan . [ 1 ]
This organic chemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_sulfonate |
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation , a free radical , a carbanion , or a carbene (or their equivalents). [ 1 ] Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation |
In organic chemistry , alkylidene is a general term for divalent functional groups of the form R 2 C= , where each R is an alkane or hydrogen . [ 1 ] They can be considered the functional group corresponding to mono- or disubstituted divalent carbenes (known as alkylidenes ), [ 2 ] or as the result of removing two hydr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylidene_group |
In organic chemistry , alkynols ( hydroxyalkynes ) are organic compounds that contain both alkyne and alcohol functional groups . Thus, as structural features, they have a C≡C triple bond and a hydroxyl group . Some alkynols play a role as intermediates in the chemical industry.
The shortened term ynol typically refer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkynol |
In organic chemistry , alkynylation is an addition reaction in which a terminal alkyne ( −C≡CH ) is added to a carbonyl group ( C=O ) to form an α -alkynyl alcohol ( R 2 C(−OH)−C≡C−R ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
When the acetylide is formed from acetylene ( HC≡CH ), the reaction gives an α- ethynyl alcohol. This process is often re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkynylation |
The All-Party Parliamentary Carbon Monoxide Group (APPCOG) is an official All-Party Parliamentary Group of the UK Parliament , chaired by Paul Davies MP. [ 1 ] The group exists to tackle carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the UK, improve government policy around CO safety, and raise public awareness of the threat posed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Party_Parliamentary_Carbon_Monoxide_Group |
The All-Russian Institute of Aviation Materials ( VIAM ; Russian : Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов ) is a state research centre of the Russian Federation based in Moscow , Russia , established in 1932.
VIAM has broad responsibility for research, development, testing, and certific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_Institute_Of_Aviation_Materials |
All-in rate is a term used in both the construction industry and the financial sector . It refers to the total cost or rate charged for a service, including all associated fees and expenses.
In finance, an all-in rate typically refers to the total rate charged by a financial institution for a bankers' acceptance. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-in_rate |
In physiology , the all-or-none law (sometimes the all-or-none principle or all-or-nothing law ) is the principle that if a single nerve fibre is stimulated, it will always give a maximal response and produce an electrical impulse of a single amplitude . If the intensity or duration of the stimulus is increased, the he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-or-none_law |
CORDIC ( coordinate rotation digital computer ), Volder's algorithm , Digit-by-digit method , Circular CORDIC ( Jack E. Volder ), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Linear CORDIC , Hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and Generalized Hyperbolic CORDIC ( GH CORDIC ) (Yuanyong Luo et al.), [ 5 ] [ 6 ] is a simple and efficient... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-serial_CORDIC |
All-silica fiber , or silica-silica fiber , is an optical fiber whose core and cladding are made of silica glass . The refractive index of the core glass is higher than that of the cladding. These fibers are typically step-index fibers . The cladding of an all-silica fiber should not be confused with the polymer overco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-silica_fiber |
AllJoyn is an open source software framework that allows compatible devices and applications to find each other, communicate and collaborate across the boundaries of product category, platform, brand, and connection type. Originally the AllSeen Alliance promoted the project, from 2013 until 2016 when the alliance merge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllJoyn |
The term All American Five (abbreviated AA5) is a colloquial name for mass-produced, superheterodyne radio receivers that used five vacuum tubes in their design. These radio sets were designed to receive amplitude modulation (AM) broadcasts in the medium wave band, and were manufactured in the United States from the mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_American_Five |
The All Japan Chemistry Workers' Union (JCWU, Japanese : 全国化学 , Zenkoku Kagaku) was a trade union representing workers in the chemical industry in Japan.
The union was founded on 20 October 1987, by 30 local unions which were expelled from the Japanese Federation of Synthetic Chemistry Workers' Unions (Goka Roren), du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Chemistry_Workers'_Union |
In trigonometry , it is common to use mnemonics to help remember trigonometric identities and the relationships between the various trigonometric functions .
The sine , cosine , and tangent ratios in a right triangle can be remembered by representing them as strings of letters, for instance SOH-CAH-TOA in English:
On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Students_Take_Calculus |
The All of Us Research Program (previously known as the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program [ 1 ] ) is a precision medicine research program created in 2015 under the Obama Administration with $130 million [ 2 ] in funding that aims to make advances in tailoring medical care to the individual's genetics. [ 3 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_of_Us_(initiative) |
In mathematics , an all one polynomial (AOP) is a polynomial in which all coefficients are one. Over the finite field of order two , conditions for the AOP to be irreducible are known, which allow this polynomial to be used to define efficient algorithms and circuits for multiplication in finite fields of characteristi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_one_polynomial |
All the Fish in the Sea: Maximum Sustainable Yield and the Failure of Fisheries Management is a 2011 book by Carmel Finley . The book argues that the policies for international fishing and whaling management were essentially locked in place by 1958, and that the United States played a large role in setting them. In the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_Fish_in_the_Sea |
The Allais paradox is a choice problem designed by Maurice Allais ( 1953 ) to show an inconsistency of actual observed choices with the predictions of expected utility theory. The Allais paradox demonstrates that individuals rarely make rational decisions consistently when required to do so immediately. The independenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allais_paradox |
The Allan–Robinson reaction is the chemical reaction of o-hydroxyaryl ketones with aromatic anhydrides to form flavones (or isoflavones ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
If aliphatic anhydrides are used, coumarins can also be formed. (See Kostanecki acylation .)
The o-hydroxyaryl ketone first undergoes tautomerization to fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan–Robinson_reaction |
Allargentum is a mineral from the class of antimonides , superclass of sulfides and sulfosalts (sometimes ascribed to the natural elements and alloys class), with formula written as Ag 1−x Sb x , where x = 0.09–0.16. This moderately rare mineral is found in silver ores and is therefore named from the Greek ἄλλος ( allo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allargentum |
Allegations that the United States military used biological weapons in the Korean War (June 1950 – July 1953) were raised by the governments of the People's Republic of China , the Soviet Union , and North Korea . The claims were first raised in 1951. The story was covered by the worldwide press and led to a highly pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_biological_warfare_in_the_Korean_War |
Chemical weapons were reported to have been used by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War . [ 1 ]
The 2014 documentary This Land Belongs to the Army aired an interview with a Sri Lankan soldier who confirmed that chemical weapons were used by the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_chemical_weapon_use_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war |
Allegiance bias (or allegiance effect ) in behavioral sciences is a bias resulted from the investigator's or researcher's allegiance to a specific party or school of thought. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Researchers and investigators have encountered various branches of psychology and schools of thought. It is common for them to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegiance_bias |
In the mathematical field of category theory , an allegory is a category that has some of the structure of the category Rel of sets and binary relations between them. Allegories can be used as an abstraction of categories of relations, and in this sense the theory of allegories is a generalization of relation algebra t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_(mathematics) |
An anti-sense oligonucleotide ( ASO ) is a short piece of synthetic DNA complementary to the sequence of a variable target DNA. It acts as a probe for the presence of the target in a Southern blot assay or, more commonly, in the simpler dot blot assay. It is a common tool used in genetic testing , forensics , and molec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele-specific_oligonucleotide |
The Allele Frequency Net Database (abbreviated AlFreD) is a database containing the allele frequencies of immune genes and their corresponding alleles in different populations . [ 1 ]
This Biological database -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele_Frequency_Net_Database |
Allele frequency , or gene frequency , is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene ) at a particular locus in a population , expressed as a fraction or percentage. [ 1 ] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size. M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele_frequency |
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced. [ 1 ] This phenomenon is most notable for playing a role in the development of B lymphocytes , where allelic exclusion allows for each mature B lymphocyte to express only one type of immunoglobulin . This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelic_exclusion |
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelopathy |
Allen's rule is an ecogeographical rule formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] broadly stating that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates. More specifically, it states that the body surface-area-to-volume ratio for homeot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen's_rule |
The Allen Clark Research Centre was a solid-state physics optoelectronics research centre of the Plessey company at Caswell , near Towcester , Northamptonshire , England. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
It was opened on Friday 20 March 1964 by the Duke of Edinburgh . He toured the laboratories and took lunch there, in the company of Jame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Clark_Research_Centre |
Allene Johnson (born April 20, 1933) is a retired chemical educator who taught in the Summit, New Jersey school system for over 40 years. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Johnson was one of six children and grew up in the segregated American South. She attended Brunswick County, North Carolina High School and graduated from North Carolina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allene_Johnson |
The Allen–Cahn equation (after John W. Cahn and Sam Allen) is a reaction–diffusion equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems, including order-disorder transitions .
The equation describes the time evolution of a scalar-valued state variable η {\di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen–Cahn_equation |
The Allen–Millar–Trippett rearrangement is a ring expansion reaction in which a cyclic phosphine is transformed into a cyclic phosphine oxide . [ 1 ] This name reaction , first reported in the 1960s by David W. Allen, Ian T. Millar, [ 2 ] and Stuart Trippett, [ 3 ] occurs by alkylation or acylation of the phosphorus, f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen–Millar–Trippett_rearrangement |
Allergan, Inc. was an American global pharmaceutical company focused on eye care, neurosciences, medical dermatology, medical aesthetics , breast enhancement, obesity intervention and urologics. Allergan, Inc. was formed in 1948, incorporated in 1950 and became a public company in 1970. [ 2 ] It ceased operation in 201... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergan,_Inc. |
An allergen is an otherwise harmless substance that triggers an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals by stimulating an immune response .
In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen that is capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen |
Allergies , also known as allergic diseases , are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. [ 11 ] These diseases include hay fever , food allergies , atopic dermatitis , allergic asthma , and anaphylaxis . [ 1 ] Symptoms may include red eyes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy |
The Alliance for Biosecurity is a consortium of companies that develop products to respond to national security threats, including bioterrorism pathogens and emerging infectious diseases . [ 1 ] It is headquartered in Washington DC. [ 2 ]
The United States faces risks to national security posed by the danger of bioter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Biosecurity |
Alliesthesia (from Ancient Greek : ἀλλοῖος , romanized : alloios – be changed, and αἴσθησις ( aísthēsis ) – sensation, perception; thus "changed sensation"; French: alliesthésie , German: Alliästhesie ) is a psychophysiological phenomenon (not to be confused with the pathologic symptom of allesthesia ) that describes t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliesthesia |
Alligation is an old and practical method of solving arithmetic problems related to mixtures of ingredients. There are two types of alligation: alligation medial , used to find the quantity of a mixture given the quantities of its ingredients, and alligation alternate , used to find the amount of each ingredient needed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligation |
Allion Healthcare Inc. was the parent company of MOMS pharmacy based in Melville, New York , primarily known for providing mail-order HIV medications to patients primarily on Medicaid or the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP). [ 5 ]
Among the offerings is the MOMSPak in which the drugs are packed together in dated in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allion_Healthcare |
Allison Hubel is an American mechanical engineer and cryobiologist who applies her expertise in heat transfer to study the cryopreservation of biological tissue. She is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Minnesota , where she directs the Biopreservation Core Resource and the Technological Leader... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_Hubel |
Allmyapps was an application store for Microsoft Windows . The service allowed users to install, update and organize over 1,500 PC applications.
Allmyapps developed an application manager for Ubuntu before entering Microsoft 's IDEEs program and receiving 1 million euro from Elaia Partners in 2010. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmyapps |
Alloenzymes (or also called allozymes ) are variant forms of an enzyme which differ structurally but not functionally from other allozymes coded for by different alleles at the same locus . These are opposed to isozymes , which are enzymes that perform the same function, but which are coded by genes located at differen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloenzyme |
Allofeeding is a type of food sharing behaviour observed in cooperatively breeding species of birds . Allofeeding refers to a parent, sibling or unrelated adult bird feeding altricial hatchlings , which are dependent on parental care for their survival. [ 1 ] Allofeeding also refers to food sharing between adults of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allofeeding |
Allogamy or cross-fertilization is the fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] By contrast, autogamy is the term used for self-fertilization. [ 1 ] In humans, the fertilization event is an instance of allogamy. Self-fertilization occurs in hermaphroditic organisms where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogamy |
Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts in bovine collagen , sold under the brand name Gintuit , is a cellular therapy used for the treatment of mucogingival (the oral mucosa and gingival (gum) tissues of the mouth) conditions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Common adverse reactions observed during clinical trials include sinu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogeneic_cultured_keratinocytes_and_fibroblasts_in_bovine_collagen |
Allogeneic processed thymus tissue , sold under the brand name Rethymic , is a thymus tissue medical therapy used for the treatment of children with congenital athymia . [ 4 ] It takes six months or longer to reconstitute the immune function in treated people. [ 4 ]
The most common adverse reactions include high blood... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogeneic_processed_thymus_tissue |
Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity ) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species , which are called alloantigens or isoantigens . Two major types of alloantigens are blood group antigens [ 1 ] and histocompatibility antigens. In alloimmunity, the body creates antibodies (called al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloimmunity |
Allomerism is the similarity in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition.
This physical chemistry -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomerism |
Allometric engineering is the process of experimentally shifting the scaling relationships , for body size or shape, in a population of organisms. More specifically, the process of experimentally breaking the tight covariance evident among component traits of a complex phenotype by altering the variance of one trait re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allometric_engineering |
Allometry ( Ancient Greek ἄλλος állos "other", μέτρον métron "measurement") is the study of the relationship of body size to shape , [ 1 ] anatomy , physiology and behaviour, [ 2 ] first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, [ 3 ] by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form [ 4 ] and by Julian Huxley in 1932. [ 5 ]
All... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allometry |
An allomone (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος allos "other" and pheromone ) is a type of semiochemical produced and released by an individual of one species that affects the behaviour of a member of another species to the benefit of the originator but not the receiver. [ 1 ] Production of allomones is a common form of defense ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomone |
Allopatric speciation (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) ' other ' and πατρίς (patrís) ' fatherland ' ) – also referred to as geographic speciation , vicariant speciation , or its earlier name the dumbbell model [ 1 ] : 86 – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatric_speciation |
Allophanic acid is the organic compound with the formula H 2 NC(O)NHCO 2 H. It is a carbamic acid , the carboxylated derivative of urea . Biuret can be viewed as the amide of allophanic acid.
Treating urea with sodium bicarbonate is claimed to give allophanic acid: [ 1 ]
Although allophanic acid per se may not have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophanic_acid |
An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids . Non-natural in the context means an amino acid either not occurring in nature (novel and synthesised amino acids), [ 1 ] or occurring in nature but not naturally occurring within proteins (natural but non-proteinogenic amino ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloprotein |
Allorecognition is the ability of an individual organism to distinguish its own tissues from those of another. It manifests itself in the recognition of antigens expressed on the surface of cells of non-self origin. Allorecognition has been described in nearly all multicellular phyla.
This article focuses on allorecog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allorecognition |
Allotransplant ( allo- meaning "other" in Greek ) is the transplantation of cells , tissues , or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. [ 1 ] The transplant is called an allograft , allogeneic transplant , or homograft . Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotransplantation |
Arsenic in the solid state can be found as gray, black, or yellow allotropes . These various forms feature diverse structural motifs, with yellow arsenic enabling the widest range of reactivity. In particular, reaction of yellow arsenic with main group and transition metal elements results in compounds with wide-rangin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_arsenic |
Fluorine forms diatomic molecules ( F 2 ) that are gaseous at room temperature with a density about 1.3 times that of air. [ 1 ] [ note 1 ] Though sometimes cited as yellow-green, pure fluorine gas is actually a very pale yellow. The color can only be observed in concentrated fluorine gas when looking down the axis of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_fluorine |
At atmospheric pressure , three allotropic forms of iron exist, depending on temperature: alpha iron (α-Fe, ferrite) , gamma iron (γ-Fe, austenite) , and delta iron (δ-Fe) . At very high pressure, a fourth form exists, epsilon iron (ε-Fe, hexaferrum) . Some controversial experimental evidence suggests the existence of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_iron |
Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) ' other ' and τρόπος (tropos) ' manner, form ' ) is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state , known as allotropes of the elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_nonmetals |
Elemental phosphorus can exist in several allotropes , the most common of which are white and red solids. Solid violet and black allotropes are also known. Gaseous phosphorus exists as diphosphorus and atomic phosphorus.
White phosphorus , yellow phosphorus or simply tetraphosphorus ( P 4 ) exists as molecules of four... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_phosphorus |
Plutonium occurs in a variety of allotropes , even at ambient pressure. These allotropes differ widely in crystal structure and density; the α and δ allotropes differ in density by more than 25% at constant pressure.
Plutonium normally has six allotropes and forms a seventh (zeta, ζ) under high temperature and a limit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_plutonium |
Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) ' other ' and τρόπος (tropos) ' manner, form ' ) is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state , known as allotropes of the elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropy |
The word allotype comes from two Greek roots, allo meaning 'other or differing from the norm' and typos meaning 'mark'. [ 1 ] In immunology , allotype is an immunoglobulin variation (in addition to isotypic variation) that can be found among antibody classes and is manifested by heterogeneity of immunoglobulins present... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotype_(immunology) |
Allowable Strength Design and Allowable Stress Design ( ASD ) are terms used by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) in the 14th Edition of the Manual of Steel Construction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Allowable Stress Design philosophy was left unsupported by AISC after the 9th edition of the manual which remained an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allowable_Strength_Design |
In engineering and machining , an allowance is a planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage dimension and an intended final dimension. The unifying abstract concept is that a certain amount of difference allows for some known factor of compensat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allowance_(engineering) |
In computer science and software engineering , Alloy is a declarative specification language for expressing complex structural constraints and behavior in a software system . Alloy provides a simple structural modeling tool based on first-order logic . [ 1 ] Alloy is targeted at the creation of micro-models that can th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy_(specification_language) |
Alloy broadening is a mechanism by which the spectral lines of an alloy are broadened by the random distribution of atoms within the alloy. [ 1 ] It is one of a number of spectral line broadening mechanisms .
Alloy broadening occurs because the random distribution of atoms in an alloy causes a different material compo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy_broadening |
Read the Wiktionary entry "alloyant"
You can also: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloyant |
An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic chemical reaction in which reaction at a center vicinal to a double bond causes the double bond to shift to an adjacent pair of atoms:
It is encountered in both nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution , although it is usually suppressed relative to non-allyli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylic_rearrangement |
Organostannane addition is reaction involving the nucleophilic addition of an allyl- , allenyl- , or propargyl- stannane to an aldehyde , imine , or (in rare cases) a ketone . [ 1 ] This reaction is widely used for carbonyl allylation .
The addition of an organostannane to carbonyl group is one of the most common and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylic_stannane_addition |
Allylic strain (also known as A 1,3 strain , 1,3-allylic strain , or A-strain ) in organic chemistry is a type of strain energy resulting from the interaction between a substituent on one end of an olefin (a synonym for an alkene) with an allylic substituent on the other end. [ 1 ] If the substituents (R and R') are la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylic_strain |
Allyltrimethylsilane is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH 3 ) 3 SiCH 2 CH=CH 2 . The molecule consists of the trimethylsilyl group attached to allyl group . This colorless liquid is used in organic synthesis . [ 2 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyltrimethylsilane |
Allysine is a derivative of lysine that features a formyl group in place of the terminal amine. The free amino acid does not exist, but the allysine residue does. It is produced by aerobic oxidation of lysine residues by the enzyme lysyl oxidase . The transformation is an example of a post-translational modification... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allysine |
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