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The aniline acetate test is a chemical test for the presence of certain carbohydrates , in which they are converted to furfural with hydrochloric acid , which reacts with aniline acetate to produce a bright pink color. Pentoses give a strong reaction, and hexoses give a much weaker reaction. [ 1 ]
A dry sample is diss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline_acetate_test |
The aniline point of an oil is defined as the minimum temperature at which equal volumes of aniline ( C 6 H 5 NH 2 ) and lubricant oil are miscible , i.e. form a single phase upon mixing. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The value gives an approximation for the content of aromatic compounds in the oil, [ 2 ] since the miscibility of anili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline_point |
The Animal Drug Availability Act 1996 ( ADAA ) is a United States federal law . President Clinton signed the ADAA into law in October 1996. While still obligated to public health concerns, the Act intends more rapid drug approval and medicated feed approval to assist the animal health industry. [ 1 ]
The Animal Drug A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Drug_Availability_Act_1996 |
Animal Research Tomorrow , formerly the Basel Declaration Society , is a scientific association established on October 5, 2011, with the aim of promoting the dissemination and advancement of the Basel Declaration , the ever more important international manifest in favor of research, care for animal welfare, and establi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Research_Tomorrow |
The Animal Rights Militia ( ARM ) is a banner used by animal rights activists who engage in direct action utilizing a diversity of tactics that ignores the Animal Liberation Front 's policy of taking all necessary precautions to avoid harm to human life. [ 1 ]
When the Animal Rights Militia first emerged in the United... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Rights_Militia |
Animal biotechnology refers to the application of scientific and engineering principles to improve
and augment the genetics, reproduction, health, and overall productivity of animals. [ 1 ] It aims to improve animal production, disease resistance, and the conservation of biodiversity through the
use of techniques such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_biotechnology |
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals , including insect cognition . The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology . It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology , behavioral ecology , and evolutionary psychol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition |
An animal model (short for animal disease model ) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease , for the purpose of better understanding the disease process without the risk of harming a human. Although biological activity in an animal model does no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_disease_model |
The FDA animal efficacy rule (also known as animal rule ) applies to development and testing of drugs and biologicals to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions caused by exposure to lethal or permanently disabling toxic agents ( chemical , biological , radiological , or nuclear substances), where huma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_efficacy_rule |
In developmental biology , animal embryonic development , also known as animal embryogenesis , is the developmental stage of an animal embryo . Embryonic development starts with the fertilization of an egg cell (ovum) by a sperm cell ( spermatozoon ). [ 1 ] Once fertilized, the ovum becomes a single diploid cell known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_embryonic_development |
Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture ( AnGR ), also known as farm animal genetic resources or livestock biodiversity , are genetic resources (i.e., genetic material of actual or potential value) of avian and mammalian species, which are used for food and agriculture purposes. AnGR is a subset of and a spec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_genetic_resources_for_food_and_agriculture |
Animal geography is a subfield of the nature–society/human–environment branch of geography as well as a part of the larger, interdisciplinary umbrella of human–animal studies (HAS). Animal geography is defined as the study of "the complex entanglings of human–animal relations with space, place, location, environment an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_geography |
In ethology , animal locomotion is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another. [ 1 ] Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running , swimming , jumping , flying , hopping, soaring and gliding . There are also many animal species that depend on their environme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_locomotion |
Animal migration tracking is used in wildlife biology , conservation biology , ecology , and wildlife management to study animals' behavior in the wild. One of the first techniques was bird banding , placing passive ID tags on birds legs, to identify the bird in a future catch-and-release. Radio tracking involves attac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_migration_tracking |
Animal nutrition focuses on the dietary nutrients needs of animals , primarily those in agriculture and food production, but also in zoos, aquariums, and wildlife management.
Macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_nutrition |
Animal products in pharmaceuticals play a role as both active and inactive ingredients , the latter including binders, carriers, stabilizers, fillers, and colorants. [ 1 ] Animals and their products may also be used in pharmaceutical production without being included in the product itself.
The religious, cultural, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_products_in_pharmaceuticals |
An animal repellent consists of any object or method made with the intention of keeping animals away from personal items as well as food, plants or yourself. Plants and other living organisms naturally possess a special ability to emit chemicals known as semiochemicals as a way to defend themselves from predators. Huma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_repellent |
Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. [ 1 ] Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like cattle , sheep , pigs , pou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_science |
Animal studies is a recently recognised field in which animals are studied in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways. Scholars who engage in animal studies may be formally trained in a number of diverse fields, including art history , anthropology , biology , film studies , geography , history , psychology , literary stu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_studies |
The University of Washington practices animal testing for a variety of purposes, including biomedical testing and paramedic training. Testing is performed by faculty from various departments across the university, and is conducted on animals including dogs, rabbits, primates, pigs, sheep, gerbils, bobcats, ferrets, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing_at_the_University_of_Washington |
Animal testing regulations are guidelines that permit and control the use of non-human animals for scientific experimentation . They vary greatly around the world, but most governments aim to control the number of times individual animals may be used; the overall numbers used; and the degree of pain that may be inflict... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations |
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil , snow , or mud , or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area. [ 1 ]
Foot tracks of ancient and extinct creatures notably dinosau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_track |
Animal welfare science is the scientific study of the welfare of animals as pets, in zoos, laboratories, on farms and in the wild. Although animal welfare has been of great concern for many thousands of years in religion and culture, the investigation of animal welfare using rigorous scientific methods is a relatively ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_welfare_science |
Animalcule ( Latin for 'little animal'; from animal and -culum ) is an archaic term for microscopic organisms that included bacteria , protozoans , and very small animals . The word was invented by 17th-century Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to refer to the microorganisms he observed in rainwater .
Some bette... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalcule |
Animalia Paradoxa [ 1 ] ( Latin for "contradictory animals"; cf. paradox ) are the mythical, magical or otherwise suspect animals mentioned in the first five editions of Carl Linnaeus 's seminal work Systema Naturae under the header " Paradoxa ". It lists fantastic creatures found in medieval bestiaries and some animal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia_Paradoxa |
Animals are exposed to tobacco smoke and other cigarette by-products through their use as experimental subjects and through contact with smokers, as in the case of pets in houses where smoking takes place.
The first recorded attempts to artificially induce animal tumors through the application of tobacco products occu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals_and_tobacco_smoke |
An animator is an artist who creates images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, and video games. Animation is closely related to filmmaking and like filmmaking is extremely labor-in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animator |
Anion-exchange chromatography is a process that separates substances based on their charges using an ion-exchange resin containing positively charged groups, such as diethyl-aminoethyl groups (DEAE). [ 2 ] In solution, the resin is coated with positively charged counter-ions ( cations ). Anion exchange resins will bind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_chromatography |
An anion exchange membrane ( AEM ) is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct anions but reject gases such as oxygen or hydrogen .
Anion exchange membranes are used in electrolytic cells and fuel cells to separate reactants present around the two electrodes while transporting the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_membrane |
Anirudh Devgan (born September 15, 1969) [ 1 ] is an Indian-American computer scientist and business executive . [ 2 ] As a scientist, Devgan is known for his contributions to electronic design automation , specifically circuit simulation , physical design and signoff , statistical design and optimization , and verific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anirudh_Devgan |
p -Anisidine (or para -anisidine ) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 OC 6 H 4 NH 2 . A white solid, commercial samples can appear grey-brown owing to air oxidation. It is one of three isomers of anisidine , methoxy -containing anilines . It is prepared by reduction of 4-nitroanisole. [ 8 ]
p -Anisidine co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisidine_value |
Anisogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves the union or fusion of two gametes that differ in size and/or form. The smaller gamete is male , a microgamete or sperm cell , whereas the larger gamete is female , a larger macrogamate or typically an egg cell . Anisogamy is predominant among multicellular organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisogamy |
Anisomycin , also known as flagecidin , is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis . Partial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs at anisomycin concentrations that effect 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. [ 2 ] Anisomycin can activate stress-activated protein kinase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisomycin |
The Anisotropic Network Model (ANM) is a simple yet powerful tool made for normal mode analysis of proteins, which has been successfully applied for exploring the relation between function and dynamics for many proteins . It is essentially an Elastic Network Model for the Cα atoms with a step function for the dependenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropic_Network_Model |
Anisotropic terahertz microspectroscopy ( ATM ) is a spectroscopic technique in which molecular vibrations in an anisotropic material are probed with short pulses of terahertz radiation whose electric field is linearly polarized parallel to the surface of the material. The technique has been demonstrated in studies inv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropic_terahertz_microspectroscopy |
Anisotropy ( / ˌ æ n aɪ ˈ s ɒ t r ə p i , ˌ æ n ɪ -/ ) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy . An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy |
Anisotropic energy is energy that is directionally specific. The word anisotropy means "directionally dependent", hence the definition. The most common form of anisotropic energy is magnetocrystalline anisotropy , which is commonly studied in ferromagnets . [ 1 ] In ferromagnets, there are islands or domains of atoms t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy_energy |
Ankaramite is volcanic rock type of mafic composition. It is a dark porphyritic variety of basanite containing abundant pyroxene and olivine phenocrysts . [ 1 ] It contains minor amounts of plagioclase and accessory biotite , apatite , and iron oxides .
Its type locality is Ankaramy in Madagascar . It was first descri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankaramite |
Anke Weidenkaff (December 27, 1966 in Hanover, Germany) is a German-Swiss chemist and materials scientist. Since 2018, she has been head of the Materials & Resources Group at the Faculty of Materials Science at Technical University Darmstadt .
Weidenkaff was born in Hanover, Germany, and studied chemistry at the Unive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anke_Weidenkaff |
Anker Innovations Co., Ltd , [ a ] commonly known as Anker , [ b ] is a Chinese electronics manufacturer based in Changsha , Hunan , China. The company's product range includes phone chargers, car chargers, power banks, earbuds, headphones, speakers, data hubs, 3D printers , charging cables, torches (flashlights), scre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anker_Innovations |
In molecular biology, the ankyrin-G binding motif of KCNQ2-3 is a protein motif found in the potassium channels KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 .
Interactions with ankyrin-G ( ankyrin-3 ) are crucial to the localisation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) at the axonal initial segment and for neurons to initiate action potential... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyrin-G_binding_motif_of_KCNQ2-3 |
Ann E. McDermott is an American biophysicist who uses nuclear magnetic resonance to study the structure, function, and dynamics of proteins in native-like environments. [ 1 ] She is currently the Esther Breslow Professor of Biological Chemistry and Chair of the Educational Policy and Planning Committee of the Arts and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_McDermott |
Ann Elizabeth Sandifur (born 14 May 1949) is an American business woman, composer, [ 1 ] teacher and writer. [ 2 ] She has produced several electronic and multimedia works. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Sandifur was born in Spokane , Washington. She earned a BA at Eastern Washington University as well as a BA in composition and a MFA i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Sandifur |
Anna Amtmann is a German scientist. She is professor for Molecular Plant Physiology at the University of Glasgow . She serves as Editor-in-Chief of the journal Plant, Cell & Environment .
Amtmann studied languages, mathematics and biology at the University of Paris and Heidelberg University . [ 1 ] She was an Erasmus ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Amtmann |
Anna Igorevna Krylov (Russian: Анна Игоревна Крылова) is the USC Associates Chair in Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Southern California (USC). Working in the field of theoretical and computational quantum chemistry , she is the inventor of the spin-flip method. [ 1 ] Krylov is the pres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Krylov |
Anna Marie Moore is an astronomer who was instrumental in the formation of the Australian Space Agency as part of the expert reference group of the Australian Government. She was nominated as a fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2023 for her contributions to space exploration.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Moore |
Anna B. Romanowska is a Polish mathematician specializing in abstract algebra . She is professor emeritus of algebra and combinatorics at the Warsaw University of Technology , [ 1 ] and was the first convenor of European Women in Mathematics . [ 2 ]
Romanowska earned her Ph.D. in 1973 at the Warsaw University of Techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Romanowska |
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of clinical biochemistry . The editor-in-chief is Michael J Murphy ( University of Dundee ). It was established 1960 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Labor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Clinical_Biochemistry |
Anne Bowen McCoy is a theoretical chemist and university professor who researches vibrational spectroscopy , hydrogen bonding , and charge-transfer bands .
McCoy received her BS in chemistry from Haverford College in 1987. She worked with Edwin L. Sibert at University of Wisconsin–Madison and received her PhD in 1992.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McCoy |
Annealing is a process of slowly cooling hot glass objects after they have been formed, to relieve residual internal stresses introduced during manufacture. Especially for smaller, simpler objects, annealing may be incidental to the process of manufacture, but in larger or more complex products it commonly demands a sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(glass) |
In metallurgy and materials science , annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness , making it more workable. It involves heating a material above its recrystallization temperature, maintaining a suitable tempera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(materials_science) |
In molecular biology, an annexin A5 affinity assay is a test to quantify the number of cells undergoing apoptosis . The assay uses the protein annexin A5 to tag apoptotic and dead cells, and the numbers are then counted using either flow cytometry or a fluorescence microscope . [ 1 ]
The annexin a5 protein binds to ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexin_A5_affinity_assay |
Valentino Annibale Pastore (13 November 1868 - 27 February 1956) was an Italian philosopher and logician .
Pastore was born in Orbassano .
He studied literature at the University of Turin under Arturo Graf . His thesis La vita delle forme letterarie (The life of literary forms ) was published in 1892 in Turin. Pastor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annibale_Pastore |
The Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy is awarded annually by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) to a woman resident of North America, who is within five years of receipt of a PhD , for distinguished contributions to astronomy or for similar contributions in related sciences which have immediate application to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon_Award_in_Astronomy |
A polynomial P is annihilating or called an annihilating polynomial in linear algebra and operator theory if the polynomial considered as a function of the linear operator or a matrix A evaluates to zero, i.e., is such that P(A) = 0 .
Note that all characteristic polynomials and minimal polynomials of A are annihilati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilating_polynomial |
Annonins are a group of chemical compounds classified as acetogenins . They are found in the extracts of Annona seeds ( A. squamosa and A. muricata ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Annonin-based bioinsecticides are used to control Coleoptera (beetle) pests commonly found in stored organic cereal and beans in the country of Brazil. [ 3 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonin |
The BCI Research Award is an annual award for innovative research in the field of brain-computer interfaces . It is organized by the BCI Award Foundation. [ 1 ] The prize is $3000 for first, $2000 for second, and $1000 for third place. The prizes are provided by g.tec medical engineering, Cortec, Intheon and IEEE Brain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_BCI_Research_Award |
Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry was a yearly review journal published by the Royal Institute of Chemistry and after 1980 the Royal Society of Chemistry . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was established in 1904. In 1967 the journal was split into two sections, A and B , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] covering inorganic and organic chemistry , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Reports_on_the_Progress_of_Chemistry |
Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews , covering chemical and biomolecular engineering . The co-editors are Michael F. Doherty and Rachel A. Segalman . [ 2 ] As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports , gives the journal an impact fact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Chemical_and_Biomolecular_Engineering |
The Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics is an annual peer-reviewed review journal published by Annual Reviews . It was established in 2010 and covers advances in condensed matter physics and related subjects. The co-editors are M. Cristina Marchetti and Andrew P. Mackenzie . As of 2023, Annual Review of Condensed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Condensed_Matter_Physics |
The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes review articles about environmental science and environmental engineering . It was first published in 1976 under the name the Annual Review of Energy . In 1991, the name was changed to the Annual Review of Energy and the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Environment_and_Resources |
The Annual Review of Materials Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes review articles about materials science . It has been published by the nonprofit Annual Reviews since 1971, when it was first released under the title the Annual Review of Materials Science . Four people have served as editors, with the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Materials_Research |
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews . It covers all topics pertaining to physical chemistry . The editors are Todd J. Martínez ( Stanford University ) and Anne McCoy ( University of Washington ). [ 3 ] As of 2023, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Physical_Chemistry |
Annual grasslands are a type of grassland ecosystem characterized by the dominance of annual grasses and forbs . They are most commonly found in regions with Mediterranean climates , such as California , and provide important habitats for a variety of wildlife species. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Annual grasslands have a histor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_grasslands |
Annuality (living and reproducing in a single year) and perenniality (living more than two years) represent major life history strategies within plant lineages. [ 1 ] These traits can shift from one to another over both macroevolutionary and microevolutionary timescales. [ 2 ] While perenniality and annuality are often... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_vs._perennial_plant_evolution |
The Annubar primary element is an averaging Pitot tube manufactured by Rosemount Inc. [ 1 ] used to measure the flow of fluid in a pipe.
A Pitot tube measures the difference between the static pressure and the flowing pressure of the media in the pipe. The volumetric flow is calculated from that difference using Berno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annubar |
Fluidisation is a phenomenon whereby solid particulate is placed under certain conditions to cause it to behave like a fluid . A fluidized bed is a system conceived to facilitate the fluidisation. Fluidized beds have a wide range of applications including but not limited to: assisting with chemical reactions , heat tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annular_fluidized_bed |
Annular velocity is the speed of the drilling fluid 's movement in a column called an annulus in oil wells. [ 1 ] It is commonly measured in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per minute (m/min). Annular velocity is often abbreviated as AV, though this is not exclusively so, as AV also refers to apparent viscosity whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annular_velocity |
Annulate lamella is one of the cell membrane classes, occurring as a set of parallel elements with double-walled membranes in the same plane/dimension, just as the nuclear envelope . These lamella have pore complexes which are identical to those of the nuclear envelope. It is arranged in a highly ordered structure with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulate_lamella |
Annulenes are monocyclic hydrocarbons that contain the maximum number of non-cumulated or conjugated double bonds (' mancude '). They have the general formula C n H n (when n is an even number) or C n H n +1 (when n is an odd number). The IUPAC accepts the use of 'annulene nomenclature' in naming carbocyclic ring syste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulene |
The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it. [ 1 ] It is named after the corresponding geometric concept . The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulus_(well) |
In mathematics, the annulus theorem (formerly called the annulus conjecture ) states roughly that the region between two well-behaved spheres is an annulus . It is closely related to the stable homeomorphism conjecture (now proved) which states that every orientation-preserving homeomorphism of Euclidean space is stabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulus_theorem |
An annunciator panel , also known in some aircraft as the Centralized Warning Panel ( CWP ) or Caution Advisory Panel ( CAP ), is a group of lights used as a central indicator of status of equipment or systems in an aircraft, industrial process, building or other installation. Usually, the annunciator panel includes a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciator_panel |
An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray ) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes . They were first observed in Crookes tubes during experiments by the German scientist Eugen Goldstein , in 1886. [ 1 ] Later work on anode rays by Wilhelm Wien and J. J. Thomson led to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode_ray |
Anodic bonding is a wafer bonding process to seal glass to either silicon or metal without introducing an intermediate layer. Anodic bonding is commonly used to seal glass to silicon wafers in electronics and microfluidics. Anodic bonding, also known as field assisted bonding or electrostatic sealing , [ 1 ] is mostly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodic_bonding |
Anodic protection ( AP ) otherwise referred to as Anodic Control is a technique to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the anode of an electrochemical cell and controlling the electrode potential in a zone where the metal is passive .
Anodic protection is used to protect metals that exhibit passivat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodic_protection |
Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts.
The process is called anodizing because the part to be treated forms the anode electrode of an electrolytic cell . Anodizing increases resistance to corrosion and wear, and provides... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodizing |
In physics , an anomalon is a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section . They were first noticed in experimental runs in the early 1980s as short tracks in film emulsions or plastic leaf detectors connected to medium-energy particle accelerators . The direction of the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalon |
Anomalous oxygen is hot atomic and singly ionized oxygen believed to be present in Earth's exosphere above 500 km near the poles during their respective summers. This additional component augmenting mainly the hydrogen and helium exosphere is able to explain the unexpectedly high drag forces on satellites passing near ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous_oxygen |
Anomalous X-ray scattering ( AXRS or XRAS ) is a non-destructive determination technique within X-ray diffraction that makes use of the anomalous dispersion that occurs when a wavelength is selected that is in the vicinity of an absorption edge of one of the constituent elements of the sample. It is used in materials r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous_scattering |
In carbohydrate chemistry , a pair of anomers (from Greek ἄνω ' up, above ' and μέρος ' part ' ) is a pair of near-identical stereoisomers or diastereomers that differ at only the anomeric carbon , the carbon atom that bears the aldehyde or ketone functional group in the sugar's open-chain form. However, in order for a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomer |
In organic chemistry , the anomeric effect or Edward-Lemieux effect (after J. T. Edward and Raymond Lemieux ) is a stereoelectronic effect that describes the tendency of heteroatomic substituents adjacent to the heteroatom in the ring in, e.g., tetrahydropyran to prefer the axial orientation instead of the less-hindere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomeric_effect |
An anoxic event describes a period wherein large expanses of Earth's oceans were depleted of dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) , creating toxic, euxinic ( anoxic and sulfidic ) waters. [ 1 ] Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geologic record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_event |
Anoxic waters are areas of sea water , fresh water , or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen . The US Geological Survey defines anoxic groundwater as those with dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.5 milligrams per litre. [ 1 ] Anoxic waters can be contrasted with hypoxic waters , which are low (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters |
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a special form of photosynthesis used by some bacteria and archaea , which differs from the better known oxygenic photosynthesis in plants in the reductant used (e.g. hydrogen sulfide instead of water ) and the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen ). [ 1 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxygenic_photosynthesis |
In physics and mathematics , an ansatz ( / ˈ æ n s æ t s / ; German: [ˈʔanzats] ⓘ , meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansatzes [ 1 ] or, from German, ansätze / ˈ æ n s ɛ t s ə / ; German: [ˈʔanzɛtsə] ⓘ ) is an educated guess or an additional assumption made to help solve a problem, and whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansatz |
In electrochemistry , the Anson equation defines the charge-time dependence for linear diffusion control in chronocoulometry . [ 1 ]
The Anson equation is written as:
where,
This is related to the Cottrell equation via integration with respect to time (t), and similarly implies that the electrode is planar.
This el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anson_equation |
An ant colony is a population of ants , typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial , communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera , though the various groups of these developed sociality independently ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_colony |
An ant garden is a mutualistic interaction between certain species of arboreal ants and various epiphytic plants . It is a structure made in the tree canopy by the ants that is filled with debris and other organic matter in which epiphytes grow. The ants benefit from this arrangement by having a stable framework on whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_garden |
The ant on a rubber rope is a mathematical puzzle with a solution that appears counterintuitive or paradoxical. It is sometimes given as a worm, or inchworm, on a rubber or elastic band, but the principles of the puzzle remain the same.
The details of the puzzle can vary, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but a typical form is as follows:
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_on_a_rubber_rope |
An ant supercolony is an exceptionally large ant colony , consisting of a high number of spatially separated but socially connected nests of a single ant species (meaning that the colony is polydomous ), spread over a large area without territorial borders. Supercolonies are typically polygynous , containing many egg-l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_supercolony |
Chemical antagonists impede the normal function of a system. They function to invert the effects of other molecules. [ 1 ] The effects of antagonists can be seen after they have encountered an agonist , and as a result, the effects of the agonist is neutralized. [ 2 ] Antagonists such as dopamine antagonist slow down ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonism_(chemistry) |
Pleiotropy (from Ancient Greek πλείων ( pleíōn ) ' more ' and τρόπος ( trópos ) ' turn, way, manner, style ' ) is a condition in which a single gene or genetic variant influences multiple phenotypic traits . A gene that has such multiple effects is referred to as a pleiotropic gene . Mutations in pleiotropic genes can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonistic_Pleiotropy |
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis (APT) is a theory in evolutionary biology that suggests certain genes may confer beneficial effects early in an organism's life, enhancing reproductive success, while also causing detrimental effects later in life, contributing to the aging process.
APT was first proposed in a 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonistic_pleiotropy_hypothesis |
In organic chemistry , antarafacial ( Woodward-Hoffmann symbol a) and suprafacial (s) are two topological concepts in organic chemistry describing the relationship between two simultaneous chemical bond making and/or breaking processes in or around a reaction center. [ 1 ] The reaction center can be a p- or sp n - orbi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarafacial_and_suprafacial |
Antarctic sea ice is the sea ice of the Southern Ocean . It extends from the far north in the winter and retreats to almost the coastline every summer. [ 1 ] Sea ice is frozen seawater that is usually less than a few meters thick. This is the opposite of ice shelves , which are formed by glaciers ; they float in the se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_sea_ice |
Ante Graovac [ 1 ] (15 July 1945 in Split – 13 November 2012 in Zagreb ) was a Croatian scientist known for his contribution to chemical graph theory . He was director of 26 successful annual meetings MATH/CHEM/COMP held in Dubrovnik . [ 2 ] He was secretary of the International Academy of Mathematical Chemistry .
Thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ante_Graovac |
An antecedent stream is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock topography. A stream with a dendritic drainage pattern , for example, can be subject to slow tectonic uplift. However, as the uplift occurs, the stream erodes through the rising ridge to form a steep-w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_drainage_stream |
In hydrology and sewage collection and disposal , antecedent moisture is the relative wetness or dryness of a watershed or sanitary sewershed. Antecedent moisture conditions change continuously and can have a very significant effect on the flow responses in these systems during wet weather. The effect is evident in mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_moisture |
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff ) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow ). It occurs when excess rainwater , stormwater , meltwater , or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil . This can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_soil_moisture |
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