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Antennae ( sg. : antenna ) (sometimes referred to as "feelers") are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods .
Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments. While they are typically sensory organs , t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(zoology) |
In electronics , an antenna amplifier (also: aerial amplifier or booster ) is a device that amplifies an antenna signal , usually into an output with the same impedance as the input impedance. Typically 75 ohm for coaxial cable and 300 ohm for twin-lead cable .
An antenna amplifier boosts a radio signal considerably f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_amplifier |
An antenna analyzer or in British aerial analyser (also known as a noise bridge , RX bridge , SWR analyzer , or RF analyzer ) is a device used for measuring the input impedance of antenna systems in radio electronics applications.
In radio communications systems, including amateur radio , an antenna analyzer is a comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_analyzer |
The antenna complex in purple photosynthetic bacteria are protein complexes [ 1 ] responsible for the transfer of solar energy to the photosynthetic reaction centre . [ 2 ] Purple bacteria, particularly Rhodopseudomonas acidophila of purple non-sulfur bacteria, have been one of the main groups of organisms used to stud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_complex_in_purple_bacteria |
In neuroscience , anterograde tracing is a research method that is used to trace axonal projections from their source (the cell body , or soma ) to their point of termination (the synapse ). A hallmark of anterograde tracing is the labeling of the presynaptic and the postsynaptic neuron(s). The crossing of the synaptic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_tracing |
Anthecology , or pollination biology , is the study of pollination as well as the relationships between flowers and their pollinators . [ 1 ] : 8 Floral biology is a bigger field that includes these studies. Most flowering plants, or angiosperms , are pollinated by animals, and especially by insects . [ 2 ] The major f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthecology |
Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments, the aglycones of anthocyanins . They are based on the flavylium cation , [ 1 ] an oxonium ion , with various groups substituted for its hydrogen atoms. They generally change color from red through purple, blue, and bluish green as a function of pH .
Anthocyanidins are an imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanidin |
Anthocyanins (from Ancient Greek ἄνθος ( ánthos ) ' flower ' and κυάνεος / κυανοῦς ( kuáneos/kuanoûs ) ' dark blue ' ), also called anthocyans , are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH , may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart named a chemica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin |
Sir Anthony Kevin Cheetham FRS (born 16 November 1946) is a British materials scientist. From 2012 to 2017 he was Vice-President and Treasurer of the Royal Society . [ 4 ]
Cheetham was educated at Stockport Grammar School and read chemistry at St Catherine's College, Oxford , matriculating in 1965, and graduated with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Cheetham |
Anthony William Czarnik (born 1957) is an American chemist and inventor . He is best known for pioneering studies in the field of fluorescent chemosensors [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 2 ] [ 8 ] and co-founding Illumina, Inc. , a biotechnology company in San Diego. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Czarnik was also the founding editor of ACS Combinatoria... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Czarnik |
Anthony Kelly CBE FRS [ 1 ] (25 January 1929 — 3 June 2014) was a British materials scientist .
He joined the Crystallography Research Group in the Cavendish Laboratory in 1950, after completing his physics undergraduate degree at the University of Reading . In the 50s, he held positions at the University of Illinois ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kelly_(materials_scientist) |
Anthony Leonid Turkevich (July 23, 1916 – September 7, 2002) was an American radiochemist who was the first to determine the composition of the Moon 's surface using an alpha scattering spectrometer on the Surveyor 5 mission in 1967. [ 1 ]
Turkevich was born on July 23, 1916, in Manhattan , New York , at the bishop's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_L._Turkevich |
Anthony Roy West FRSE , FRSC , FInstP , FIMMM (born 21 January 1947) is a British chemist and materials scientist, and Professor of Electroceramics and Solid State Chemistry at the University of Sheffield . [ 1 ]
West was educated at The Harvey Grammar School and University College Swansea , where he gained a Bachelor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_R._West |
Anthony J. Stone is a British theoretical chemist and emeritus professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge . [ 5 ]
Stone studied Natural Sciences at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and obtained a Ph.D. in theoretical chemistry under H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins . [ 1 ] [ 5 ]
In 1964 he took ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Stone |
Anthoxanthins ( flavones and flavonols ) [ 1 ] are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers. These pigments are generally whiter in an acid medium and yellowed in an alkaline medium. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthoxanthin |
The anthraquinone process , also called the Riedl–Pfleiderer process , is a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide , which was developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. [ 1 ] The industrial production of hydrogen peroxide is based on the reduction of oxygen , as in the direct synthesis from the elements. Instead of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinone_process |
Anthrax vaccines are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax , caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis . [ 1 ]
They have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur's pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vacci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine |
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed , sold under the brand name Biothrax among others, is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against Bacillus anthracis . [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 4 ]
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed originated in studies done in the 1950s and was first licensed for use in humans in 1970. In the US, the principal purch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine_adsorbed |
In geography and ecology , anthropization is the conversion of open spaces, landscapes, and natural environments by human action. [ 1 ]
Anthropic erosion is the process of human action degrading terrain and soil .
An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization |
Anthropocentrism ( / ˌ æ n θ r oʊ p oʊ ˈ s ɛ n t r ɪ z əm / ⓘ ; [ 1 ] from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) ' human ' and κέντρον (kéntron) ' center ' ) is the belief that human beings are the central or most important entity on the planet. [ 2 ] The term can be used interchangeably with humanocentrism , and some ref... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocentrism |
The anthropology of technology ( AoT ) is a unique, diverse, and growing field of study that bears much in common with kindred developments in the sociology and history of technology : first, a growing refusal to view the role of technology in human societies as the irreversible and predetermined consequence of a give... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology_of_technology |
Anthropometry is defined as the scientific study of the human body measurements and proportions. These studies are generally used by clinicians and pathologists for adequate assessments of the growth and development of the fetus at any specific point of gestational maturity. Fetal height, fetal weight, head circumferen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometric_measurement_of_the_developing_fetus |
Anthropometry ( / æ n θ r ə ˈ p ɒ m ɪ t r ɪ / ⓘ , from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος ( ánthrōpos ) ' human ' and μέτρον ( métron ) ' measure ' ) refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology , it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical vari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry |
A synanthrope (from ancient Greek σύν sýn "together, with" and ἄνθρωπος ánthrōpos "man") is an organism that evolved to live near humans and benefit from human settlements and their environmental modifications (see also anthropophilia for animals who live close to humans as parasites ). The term includes many animals a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropophyte |
The term anthroposystem is used to describe the anthropological analogue to the ecosystem . In other words, the anthroposystem model serves to compare the flow of materials through human systems to those in naturally occurring systems. As defined by Santos, an anthroposystem is "the orderly combination or arrangement ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthroposystem |
Anthrozoology , also known as human–animal studies ( HAS ), is the subset of ethnobiology that deals with interactions between humans and other animals . It is an interdisciplinary field that overlaps with other disciplines including anthropology , ethnology , medicine , psychology , social work , veterinary medicine ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrozoology |
Anti-CRISPR (Anti-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats or Acr) is a group of proteins found in phages , that inhibit the normal activity of CRISPR -Cas, the immune system of certain bacteria . [ 1 ] CRISPR consists of genomic sequences that can be found in prokaryotic organisms , that come from bac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-CRISPR |
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the disciplines of medicinal chemistry and drug design relating to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer . It is published by Bentham Science Publishers and the editor-in-chief is Simone Carradori ( "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Cancer_Agents_in_Medicinal_Chemistry |
In neuroethology and the study of learning , anti-Hebbian learning describes a particular class of learning rule by which synaptic plasticity can be controlled. These rules are based on a reversal of Hebb's postulate , and therefore can be simplistically understood as dictating reduction of the strength of synaptic con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hebbian_learning |
The Anti-Life Equation is a fictional concept appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Various comics have defined the equation in different ways, but a common interpretation is that the equation may be seen as a mathematical proof of the futility of living, or of life as incarceration of spirit, per ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Life_Equation |
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Anti-Müllerian hormone ( AMH ), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone ( MIH ), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfami... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Müllerian_hormone |
Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro , or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro , anti-Ro/SSA , anti–SS-A/Ro , and anti-Ro/SS-A ) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythemato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-SSA/Ro_autoantibodies |
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Life extension is the concept of extending the human lifespan , either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the maximum lifespan beyond its generally-settled biological limit of around 125 years . [ 1 ] Several researchers in the area, along with "life extensio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aging_medicine |
Anti-aging creams are predominantly moisturizer -based skin care products marketed with unproven claims of making the consumer look younger by reducing, masking or preventing signs of skin aging . Anti-aging supplements are ingestible products promoted to diminish the effects of aging, including vitamin supplements , p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aging_product |
Anti-aging creams are predominantly moisturizer -based skin care products marketed with unproven claims of making the consumer look younger by reducing, masking or preventing signs of skin aging . Anti-aging supplements are ingestible products promoted to diminish the effects of aging, including vitamin supplements , p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aging_supplements |
The Anti-apoptotic Ras signaling cascade is an intracellular signal transduction cascade
that involves the Ras protein and inhibits apoptosis . It is the target of the cancer drug gefitinib .
It may refer to the PI3K / AKT pathway. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
It may refer to the MAPK/ERK pathway which involves ras and can affe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-apoptotic_Ras_signalling_cascade |
An anti-asthmatic agent , also known as an anti-asthma drug , refers to a drug that can aid in airway smooth muscle dilation to allow normal breathing during an asthma attack or reduce inflammation on the airway to decrease airway resistance for asthmatic patients, or both. The goal of asthmatic agents is to reduce ast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-asthmatic_agent |
Anti-climb paint (also known as non-drying paint , anti-intruder paint , anti-vandal grease ) is a class of paint consisting of a thick oily coating that is applied with a stiff brush, trowel or by hand using a protective glove. In appearance it is similar to smooth gloss paint when applied but it remains slippery for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-climb_paint |
In mathematics and physics , n -dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS n ) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant negative scalar curvature . Anti-de Sitter space and de Sitter space are named after Willem de Sitter (1872–1934), professor of astronomy at Leiden University and director of the Leiden O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-de_Sitter_space |
Anti-flash white is a white colour commonly seen on British , Soviet , and U.S. nuclear bombers . [ 1 ] The purpose of the colour is to reflect some of the thermal radiation from a nuclear explosion, protecting the aircraft and its occupants. [ citation needed ]
Some variants of the Xian H-6 had the underside of the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-flash_white |
A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, defoamers eliminate existing foam and anti-foamers prevent the formation of further foam. Com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-foaming_agent |
Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms ( biofouling , organic) or a non-living substance (inorganic). Fouling is usually distinguished from other surface-growth phenomena in that it occurs on a surface of a component, system, or p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-fouling_agent |
An anti-graffiti coating is a coating that prevents graffiti paint from bonding to surfaces.
Cleaning graffiti off buildings costs billions of dollars annually. [ citation needed ] Many cities have started anti-graffiti programs but vandalism is still a problem. Companies across the globe are attempting to develop coa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-graffiti_coating |
The anti-incinerator movement in China refers to the series of environmental protests that have occurred in opposition to China 's numerous planned and operating industrial waste incinerators . The construction of these waste-to-energy facilities, which has prompted the ensuing protest movement, operates as part of Chi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-incinerator_movement_in_China |
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( ANCAs ) are a group of autoantibodies , mainly of the IgG type, against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophils (the most common type of white blood cell ) and monocytes . They are detected as a blood test in a number of autoimmune disorders , but are particularly associated wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-neutrophil_cytoplasmic_antibody |
The Anti-nuclear war movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies . Some direct action groups, environmental movements , and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, national, or international level. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Major anti-nuclear groups include Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement |
In organic chemistry , anti-periplanar , or antiperiplanar , describes the A−B−C−D bond angle in a molecule. In this conformer , the dihedral angle of the A−B bond and the C−D bond is greater than +150° or less than −150° [ 1 ] (Figures 1 and 2 ). Anti-periplanar is often used in textbooks to mean strictly anti-coplana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-periplanar |
An antiphase domain (APD) is a type of planar crystallographic defect in which the atoms within a region of a crystal are configured in the opposite order to those in the perfect lattice system . Throughout the entire APD, atoms sit on the sites typically occupied by atoms of a different species. For example, in an ord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-phase_domain |
Anti-protist or antiprotistal refers to an anti-parasitic and anti-infective agent which is active against protists . Unfortunately due to the long ingrained usage of the term antiprotozoal , the two terms are confused, when in fact protists are a supercategory. Therefore, there are protists that are not protozoans. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-protist |
In logic , anti-psychologism (also logical objectivism [ 1 ] or logical realism [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ) is the theory that logical truth does not depend upon the contents of human ideas, but exists independent of human ideas.
The anti-psychologistic treatment of logic originated in the works of Immanuel Kant and Bernard Bolzano... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-psychologism |
Anti-sidereal time and extended-sidereal time are artificial time standards used to analyze the daily variation in the number of cosmic rays received on Earth . Anti-sidereal time has about 364.25 days per year, one day less than the number of days in a year of solar time , 365.25. Thus each anti-sidereal day is longer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-sidereal_time |
Anti-sigma factors are small proteins that bind to sigma factors and inhibit transcriptional activity in regulating prokaryote gene expression. Anti-sigma factors have both a sigma-binding domain and a sensory/signaling domain; this allows them to respond to signals inside and outside the cell. [ 1 ] Anti-sigma factors... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-sigma_factors |
In crystallography , an anti-structure is obtained from a salt structure by exchanging anion and cation positions.
For instance, calcium fluoride , CaF 2 , crystallizes in a cubic motif called the fluorite structure . The same crystal structure is found in numerous ionic compounds with formula AB 2 , such as ceria (Ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-structure |
Anti-unification is the process of constructing a generalization common to two given symbolic expressions. As in unification , several frameworks are distinguished depending on which expressions (also called terms) are allowed, and which expressions are considered equal. If variables representing functions are allowed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-unification |
An anti-vibration compound is a temperature-resistant mixture of a liquid with fine particles, which is used to reduce oscillations in calender rolls
and to dampen vibrations in fabricated structures like machine beds and housings. [ 1 ]
Vibration may limit the performance of a calender or paper machine . It can have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vibration_compound |
Antiandrogens in the environment have become a topic of concern. Many industrial chemicals , including phthalates and pesticides , exhibit antiandrogen activity in animal experiments . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Certain plant species have also been found to produce antiandrogens. In animal studies, environmental antiandrogens can har... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiandrogens_in_the_environment |
Antiaromaticity is a chemical property of a cyclic molecule with a π electron system that has higher energy, i.e., it is less stable due to the presence of 4n delocalised (π or lone pair) electrons in it, as opposed to aromaticity . Unlike aromatic compounds , which follow Hückel's rule ([4 n +2] π electrons) [ 1 ] and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiaromaticity |
Antibiosis , also referred to as antagonism , a process of biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them; it can also be an antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another. [ 1 ] Antibiosis can occur through a variety of me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiosis |
The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [ 1 ] ), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis) . Antibiotics are an important tool to treat animal as well as human dise... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock |
The antibodies from lymphocyte secretions (ALS) assay is an immunological assay to detect active diseases like tuberculosis , cholera , typhoid etc. Recently, ALS assay nods the scientific community as it is rapidly used for diagnosis of Tuberculosis. The principle is based on the secretion of antibody from in vivo act... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodies_from_lymphocyte_secretions |
An antibody ( Ab ) or immunoglobulin ( Ig ) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses , including those that cause disease. Antibodies can recognize virtually any size antigen, able to perc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody |
Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates or AOCs belong to a class of chimeric molecules combining in their structure two important families of biomolecules: monoclonal antibodies and oligonucleotides . [ 1 ]
Combination of exceptional targeting capabilities of monoclonal antibodies with numerous functional modalities of o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-oligonucleotide_conjugate |
Antibody-vaccine engineered construct abbreviated AVEC is an anti cancer drug in clinical trials that enables the immune system to detect and naturally eliminate malignant cells. It is a biomolecularly engineered molecule consisting of the two main components: (1) antibody ; (2) vaccine . (1) The antibody component bin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-vaccine_engineered_construct |
Antibody Solutions is a privately held American contract research organization headquartered in Santa Clara, California . It provides research and discovery services and fit-for-purpose antibodies to biopharmaceutical and diagnostic companies and academic researchers worldwide. The company’s services include monoclonal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_Solutions |
An antibody microarray (also known as antibody array ) is a specific form of protein microarray . In this technology, a collection of captured antibodies are spotted and fixed on a solid surface such as glass, plastic, membrane, or silicon chip, and the interaction between the antibody and its target antigen is detecte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_microarray |
Antibody testing may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_testing |
Antibody–drug conjugates or ADCs are a class of biopharmaceutical drugs designed as a targeted therapy for treating cancer. [ 1 ] Unlike chemotherapy , ADCs are intended to target and kill tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. As of 2019, some 56 pharmaceutical companies were developing ADCs. [ 2 ]
ADCs are complex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody–drug_conjugate |
In theoretical chemistry , an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei . The density of the electrons i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibonding_molecular_orbital |
An antibubble is a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas , [ 1 ] as opposed to a gas bubble , which is a sphere of gas surrounded by a liquid. Antibubbles are formed when liquid drops or flows turbulently into the same or another liquid. They can either skim across the surface of a liquid such as water, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibubble |
The Antica Farmacia Sant'Anna (Italian for “Ancient Pharmacy of Saint Anne”) is a pharmacy and herbal medicine dispensary in Genoa , Italy, located in the quarter of Castelletto . Founded by the Discalced Carmelites friars of the annex Convent of Sant’Anna in 1650, it is the oldest commercial establishment still operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_Farmacia_Sant'Anna |
Anticalin proteins are artificial proteins that are able to bind to antigens , either to proteins or to small molecules . They are not structurally related to antibodies , which makes them a type of antibody mimetic . Instead, they are derived from human lipocalins which are a family of naturally binding proteins. Anti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticalin |
An anticarcinogen (also known as a carcinopreventive agent) is a substance that counteracts the effects of a carcinogen or inhibits the development of cancer . [ 1 ] Anticarcinogens are different from anticarcinoma agents (also known as anticancer or anti-neoplastic agents) in that anticarcinoma agents are used to sele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticarcinogen |
In mathematics , in the area of order theory , an antichain is a subset of a partially ordered set such that any two distinct elements in the subset are incomparable .
The size of the largest antichain in a partially ordered set is known as its width . By Dilworth's theorem , this also equals the minimum number of cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichain |
An antichlor is a substance used to decompose residual hypochlorite or chlorine after chlorine-based bleaching , in order to prevent ongoing reactions with, and therefore damage to, the material that has been bleached. Antichlors include sodium bisulfite , potassium bisulfite , sodium metabisulfite , sodium thiosulfate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichlor |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticosecant |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticosine |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticotangent |
In calculus , an antiderivative , inverse derivative , primitive function , primitive integral or indefinite integral [ Note 1 ] of a continuous function f is a differentiable function F whose derivative is equal to the original function f . This can be stated symbolically as F' = f . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The process of solving... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative |
In physics and in particular in the theory of magnetism , an antidynamo theorem is one of several results that restrict the type of magnetic fields that may be produced by dynamo action.
One notable example is Thomas Cowling 's antidynamo theorem which states that no axisymmetric magnetic field can be maintained thro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidynamo_theorem |
In electromagnetics and materials science , antiferroelectricity is a physical property of certain materials. It is closely related to ferroelectricity ; the relation between antiferroelectricity and ferroelectricity is analogous to the relation between antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism .
An antiferroelectric mate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiferroelectricity |
In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism , the magnetic moments of atoms or molecules , usually related to the spins of electrons , align in a regular pattern with neighboring spins (on different sublattices) pointing in opposite directions. This is, like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism , a manifestation of order... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiferromagnetism |
Antifragility is a property of systems in which they increase in capability to thrive as a result of stressors, shocks, volatility, noise, mistakes, faults, attacks, or failures. The concept was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book, Antifragile , and in technical papers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As Taleb explains in his b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifragility |
Antifreeze proteins ( AFPs ) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals , plants , fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze_protein |
In immunology , an antigen ( Ag ) is a molecule , moiety , foreign particulate matter , or an allergen , such as pollen , that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor . [ 1 ] The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response . [ 2 ]
Antigens can be proteins , peptides (amino acid chains), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen |
Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction , is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction . The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination. It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction |
Antigen retrieval is a non-enzymatic pretreatment for immunostaining to reduce or eliminate the chemical modifications caused by formalin fixation, through high temperature heating or strong alkaline solution (non-heating).
In medicine, most surgically removed tissue samples are fixed in formalin (4% formaldehyde ) an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_retrieval |
Antigen transfer in the thymus is the transmission of self- antigens between thymic antigen-presenting cells which contributes to the establishment of T cell central tolerance . [ 1 ]
Thymus represents an origin of T cell development and its responsibility is to select functional but also safe T cells which will not a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_transfer_in_the_thymus |
Antigenic escape , immune escape , immune evasion or escape mutation occurs when the immune system of a host , especially of a human being, is unable to respond to an infectious agent : the host's immune system is no longer able to recognize and eliminate a pathogen , such as a virus . This process can occur in a numbe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_escape |
Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen , to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal. It may be wanted or unwanted:
A challenge in biotherapy is predicting the immunogenic potential of novel protein therapeutics. [ 3 ] For example, immunogenicity data from hig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenicity |
In mathematics , the antilimit is the equivalent of a limit for a divergent series . The concept not necessarily unique or well-defined, but the general idea is to find a formula for a series and then evaluate it outside its radius of convergence .
This mathematical analysis –related article is a stub . You can help W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilimit |
In mathematics , a function f : V → W {\displaystyle f:V\to W} between two complex vector spaces is said to be antilinear or conjugate-linear if f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) (additivity) f ( s x ) = s ¯ f ( x ) (conjugate homogeneity) {\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{9}f(x+y)&=f(x)+f(y)&&\qquad {\text{ (additivity)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilinear_map |
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms ( microbicide ) or stops their growth ( bacteriostatic agent ). [ 1 ] Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they are used to treat. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria , and antifungals are used against fungi . They c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial |
Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ), also called host defence peptides ( HDPs ) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides . These peptides are potent, broad spectrum ant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_Peptide_Database |
Antimicrobial nanotechnology is the study of using biofilms to disrupt a microbe's cell membrane , deliver an electric charge to the microbe, and cause immediate cellular death via a "mechanical kill" process, preventing the original microbe from mutating into a superbug .
The biofilms are made up of long atomic chain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_nanotechnology |
Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ), also called host defence peptides ( HDPs ) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides . These peptides are potent, broad spectrum ant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_peptides |
Polymers with the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria , fungi , or viruses are classified as antimicrobial agents. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This class of polymers consists of natural polymers with inherent antimicrobial activity and polymers modified to exhibit antimicrobial activity. [ 1 ] Poly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_polymer |
Antimicrobial resistance ( AMR or AR ) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials , which are drugs used to treat infections . [ 2 ] This resistance affects all classes of microbes, including bacteria ( antibiotic resistance ), viruses ( antiviral resistance ), parasites ( antiparasiti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance |
Antimonide bromides or bromide antimonides are compounds containing anions composed of bromide (Br − ) and antimonide (Sb 3− ). They can be considered as mixed anion compounds . They are in the category of pnictidehalides . Related compounds include the antimonide chlorides , antimonide iodides , arsenide chlorides , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimonide_bromide |
Antimony oxychloride , known since the 15th century, has been known by a plethora of alchemical names. Since the compound functions as both an emetic and a laxative , it was originally used as a purgative.
Its production was first described by Basil Valentine in Currus Triumphalis Antimonii. In 1659, Johann Rudolf Gla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony_oxychloride |
Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl 5 . It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine . Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid , SbCl 5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers.
Antimony pentach... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony_pentachloride |
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