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An arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM ) (plural mycorrhizae ) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus ( Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi , or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscules . Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a type of endomycorrhiza along with ericoid mycorrhiza and orch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbuscular_mycorrhiza |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc-_(function_prefix) |
The arc converter , sometimes called the arc transmitter , or Poulsen arc after Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen who invented it in 1903, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] was a variety of spark transmitter used in early wireless telegraphy . The arc converter used an electric arc to convert direct current electricity into radio frequency a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_converter |
An arc fault is a high power discharge of electricity between two or more conductors. This discharge generates heat, which can break down the wire's insulation and trigger an electrical fire. Arc faults can range in current from a few amps up to thousands of amps, and are highly variable in strength and duration.
Som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_fault |
Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve . Development of a formulation of arc length suitable for applications to mathematics and the sciences is a problem in vector calculus and in differential geometry. In the most basic formulation of arc length for a vector valued curve (thought o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length |
The Arc system is a two-component system found in some bacteria that regulates gene expression in faculatative anaerobes such as Escheria coli . [ 1 ] Two-component system means that it has a sensor molecule and a response regulator . Arc is an abbreviation for Anoxic Redox Control system. Arc systems are instrumental ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_system |
ARCADIA ( Arc hitecture A nalysis & D esign I ntegrated A pproach) is a system and software architecture engineering method based on architecture-centric and model-driven engineering activities.
In the development cycle of a system, former practices focused more on the definition of requirements , their allocation to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia_(engineering) |
Arcadia Biosciences ( Nasdaq : RKDA ) is a publicly traded American agricultural biotechnology headquartered in Davis, California focused on the development of traits to enhance crop quality and productivity. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The company is partly owned by Moral Compass Corporation. [ 4 ]
It has developed a reduced- gluten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia_Biosciences |
Arcadian ecology is a school of thought that advocates for a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. It is named for the mountainous Arcady region of Greece. Gilbert White's seminal piece "Natural History of Selbourne" promotes a benign attitude towards nature and advocates for a peaceful coexistence between... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadian_ecology |
Arcadium Lithium plc was a specialty chemicals manufacturing company focused on lithium production. It was formed in January 2024 from the merger of Livent, an American special chemicals company, and Allkem , an Australian lithium mining company. The new company, Arcadium Lithium, became the world's third-largest lithi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadium_Lithium |
Arcanadea ( アルカナディア , Arukanadia ) is a Japanese series of heavily customizable plastic model kit girls created and produced by Kotobukiya, released since December 2021, with necömi as the character designer. An anime television series adaptation has been announced.
An anime television series adaptation was announced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcanadea |
Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite , or archaically potash of sulfur , is the inorganic compound with formula K 2 SO 4 , a white water- soluble solid. It is commonly used in fertilizers , providing both potassium and sulfur .
Potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcanum_duplicatum |
Arcanum joviale , in pre-modern medicine, is a preparation made of an amalgam of mercury and tin , digested in spirit of nitre . The nitre being drawn off, the remaining matter is wetted with spirit of wine , and the spirit burnt away. This is repeated several times till the pungent taste is gone. What remains was used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcanum_joviale |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arccos_(trigonometry) |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arccosec |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arccot |
The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest ( Sanskrit Aryabhatia , [ 1 ] Section I) trigonometric tables . The versine of an angle is 1 minus its cosine .
There are several related functions, most notably the coversine and haversine . The latter, half a versine, is of particul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arccovers |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arccsc |
The external secant function (abbreviated exsecant , symbolized exsec ) is a trigonometric function defined in terms of the secant function:
exsec θ = sec θ − 1 = 1 cos θ − 1. {\displaystyle \operatorname {exsec} \theta =\sec \theta -1={\frac {1}{\cos \theta }}-1.}
It was introduced in 1855 by American civil en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcexcsc |
The external secant function (abbreviated exsecant , symbolized exsec ) is a trigonometric function defined in terms of the secant function:
exsec θ = sec θ − 1 = 1 cos θ − 1. {\displaystyle \operatorname {exsec} \theta =\sec \theta -1={\frac {1}{\cos \theta }}-1.}
It was introduced in 1855 by American civil en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcexsec |
In music , arch form is a sectional structure for a piece of music based on repetition , in reverse order, of all or most musical sections such that the overall form is symmetric , most often around a central movement . The sections need not be repeated verbatim but must at least share thematic material.
It creates in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_form |
Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms (ARMAN) were first discovered in an extremely acidic mine located in northern California ( Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain ) by Brett Baker in Jill Banfield's laboratory at the University of California Berkeley . These novel groups of archaea named ARMAN-1, ARMAN-2 ( Can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_Richmond_Mine_acidophilic_nanoorganisms |
Archaeal initiation factors are proteins that are used during the translation step of protein synthesis in archaea . The principal functions these proteins perform include ribosome RNA / mRNA recognition, delivery of the initiator Met- tRNA i Met , methionine bound tRNAi, to the 40s ribosome , and proofreading of the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_initiation_factors |
Archaeal transcription is the process in which a segment of archaeal DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of RNA using the sole Pol II-like RNA polymerase (RNAP). The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of RNA that is complementary to a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_transcription |
Archaeal transcription factor B ( ATFB or TFB ) is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation of RNA transcription in organisms that fall under the domain of Archaea . [ 1 ] It is homologous to eukaryotic TFIIB and, more distantly, to bacterial sigma factor . [ 2 ] Like these proteins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_transcription_factor_B |
Archaeal translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in archaea . Not much is known on this subject, but on the protein level it seems to resemble eukaryotic translation .
Most of the initiation , elongation , and termination factors in archaea have homologs in eukaryotes. [ 1 ] Shine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_translation |
Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy ) is the interdisciplinary [ 1 ] or multidisciplinary [ 2 ] study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky , how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultures ". [ 3 ] Clive Ruggles argues it is misleading to consider a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy |
The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge has long been studied for its possible connections with ancient astronomy . The site is aligned in the direction of the sunrise of the summer solstice and the sunset of the winter solstice.
Stonehenge has an opening in the henge earthwork facing northeast, and suggestions that pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy_and_Stonehenge |
Archaeobiology , the study of the biology of ancient times through archaeological materials, is a subspecialty of archaeology . It can be seen as a blanket term for paleobotany , animal osteology , zooarchaeology , microbiology, and many other sub-disciplines. Specifically, plant and animal remains are also called ecof... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeobiology |
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Archaeocytes (from Greek archaios "beginning" and kytos "hollow vessel") or amoebocytes are amoeboid cells found in sponges . They are totipotent and have varied functions depending on the species .
The structure of these cells match to that of the stem cells as of containing high cytoplasmic cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeocyte |
Archaeometallurgical slag is slag discovered and studied in the context of archaeology . Slag, the byproduct of iron-working processes such as smelting or smithing , is left at the iron-working site rather than being moved away with the product. As it weathers well, it is readily available for study. The size, shape, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeometallurgical_slag |
Archaeometallurgy is the study of the past use and production of metals by humans. It is a sub-discipline of archaeology and archaeological science .
Archaeometallurgical study has many uses in both the chemical and anthropological fields. Analysis contributes valuable insights into many archaeological questions, from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeometallurgy |
An archaeophyte is a plant species which is non-native to a geographical region, but which was an introduced species in "ancient" times, rather than being a modern introduction. Those arriving after are called neophytes . [ 2 ]
The cut-off date is usually the beginning of the early modern period (turn of the 15th or 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeophyte |
Archaerhodopsin proteins are a family of retinal -containing photoreceptors found in the archaea genera Halobacterium and Halorubrum . Like the homologous bacteriorhodopsin (bR) protein, archaerhodopsins harvest energy from sunlight to pump H + ions out of the cell, establishing a proton motive force that is used for A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaerhodopsin |
The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based on the theory of asperity contact. The Archard equation was developed much later than Reye's hypothesis [ it ] (sometimes also known as energy dissipative hypothesis ), though both came to the same physical conclusions , that the vol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archard_equation |
The Arched-hill symbol is a symbol on ancient Coinage of India . There are some variations to the number of the hills depicted, or the symbol surmounting the hill, such as a crescent or a star.
It is thought that the three-arched hill symbol was initiated during the Maurya Empire (3rd–2nd century BCE). [ 1 ] Later, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arched-hill_symbol |
Archeological chemistry is a chemical method to analyze and identify archaeological findings.
Most of the documents which were made in the beginning of the second millennium Before Christ were made of clay . During a century of research, documents which were found in the archives of the Ancient Near East have been pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_chemistry |
Archeops was a balloon-borne instrument dedicated to measuring the Cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies. The study of this radiation is essential to obtain precise information on the evolution of the Universe : density, Hubble constant , age of the Universe , etc. To achieve this goal, measurement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeops |
Archer Mobile was a mobile technology company that offered services such as MMS and SMS messaging with the ability to deliver products like mobile coupons, QR codes , Microsoft tags, and mobile bank statements. [ citation needed ] The company, based in Seattle, WA , was formed from a merger of iLoop Mobile and Lenco Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_Mobile |
In biology, Archezoa is a term that has been introduced by several authors to refer to a group of organisms (a taxon). Authors include Josef Anton Maximilian Perty , [ 1 ] Ernst Haeckel [ 2 ] and in the 20th century by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in his classification system . Each author used the name to refer to different... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archezoa |
Archibald Read Richardson FRS [ 1 ] (21 August 1881 – 4 November 1954) was a British mathematician known for his work in algebra . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Richardson collaborated with Dudley E. Littlewood on invariants and group representation theory. They introduced the immanant of a matrix , studied Schur functions and d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Read_Richardson |
In petrophysics , Archie's law is a purely empirical law relating the measured electrical conductivity of a porous rock to its porosity and fluid saturation. It is named after Gus Archie (1907–1978) and laid the foundation for modern well log interpretation, as it relates borehole electrical conductivity measurements t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie's_law |
Archimede construction systems are construction techniques achieving rhombic dodecahedral shapes, a space-filling geometry . In America, most of these systems generate building envelopes made up of as little as two panel shapes and sizes, this feature allowing for maximum industrialization . These panels are generally ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimede_construction_systems |
In mathematics, specifically in order theory , a binary relation ≤ {\displaystyle \,\leq \,} on a vector space X {\displaystyle X} over the real or complex numbers is called Archimedean if for all x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} whenever there exists some y ∈ X {\displaystyle y\in X} such that n x ≤ y {\displaystyle nx... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean_ordered_vector_space |
Archimedes's cattle problem (or the problema bovinum or problema Archimedis ) is a problem in Diophantine analysis , the study of polynomial equations with integer solutions. Attributed to Archimedes , the problem involves computing the number of cattle in a herd of the sun god from a given set of restrictions. The pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes's_cattle_problem |
In viscous fluid dynamics , the Archimedes number ( Ar ), is a dimensionless number used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, named after the ancient Greek scientist and mathematician Archimedes .
It is the ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces [ 1 ] and has the form: [ 2 ]
where:
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes_number |
The archinephros , or holonephros , is a primitive kidney that has been retained by the larvae of hagfish and some caecilians . [ 1 ] A recent author has referred to this structure as "the hypothetical primitive kidney of ancestral vertebrates". [ 2 ] In the earliest vertebrates, this structure potentially extended the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archinephros |
Arching or compressive membrane action (CMA) in reinforced concrete slabs occurs as a result of the great difference between the tensile and compressive strength of concrete. Cracking of the concrete causes a migration of the neutral axis which is accompanied by in-plane expansion of the slab at its boundaries. If th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arching_or_compressive_membrane_action_in_reinforced_concrete_slabs |
Architainment is a portmanteau of the two words Architecture and Entertainment .
Architainment is generally associated with the word lighting or LED , and describes a process in which an inanimate material object as distinct from a living sentient being is apposed an entertaining element via light, media, kinetic or o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architainment |
Design–build (or design/build , and abbreviated D–B or D/B accordingly), also known as alternative delivery , [ 1 ] is a project delivery system used in the construction industry . It is a method to deliver a project in which the design and construction services are contracted by a single entity known as the design–bui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect-led_design–build |
Architect of record is the architect or architecture firm whose name appears on a building permit issued for a specific project on which that architect or firm performed services. [ 1 ]
Building permits are issued by a government agency with the authority in a certain jurisdiction to regulate building construction and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect_of_record |
Architectural acoustics (also known as building acoustics ) is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a building and is a branch of acoustical engineering . [ 1 ] The first application of modern scientific methods to architectural acoustics was carried out by the American physicist Wallace Sabine ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_acoustics |
Architectural coatings [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or paints [ 3 ] are paints and other coatings used to paint the exteriors and interiors of buildings, often called or external masonry coatings. Clear varnishes and lacquers are generally excluded. [ 1 ] Such products are usually designated for specific purposes such as roof coatings,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_coatings |
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture . Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing |
Architectural Engineer (PE) is a professional engineering designation in the United States . The architectural engineer applies the knowledge and skills of broader engineering disciplines to the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of buildings and their component systems while paying careful at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_engineer_(PE) |
Architectural engineering or architecture engineering , also known as building engineering , is a discipline that deals with the engineering and construction of buildings , such as environmental, structural, mechanical, electrical, computational, embeddable, and other research domains. It is related to Architecture , M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_engineering |
The architectural ensemble (from the French : ensemble - integrity, connectedness, unity) is harmonious unity of the spatial composition of buildings, engineering structures ( bridges , embankments, etc.), works of monumental painting, sculpture and landscape gardening art. The image of the architectural ensemble depen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_ensemble |
Architectural management falls into two distinct parts, office management and project management (Brunton et al., 1964; Emmitt, 1999a & 1999b). Office management provides an overall framework within which individual projects are commissioned, designed and completed. Both parts have the same objectives but are typically... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_management |
Metals used for architectural purposes include lead , for water pipes , roofing , and windows; tin , formed into tinplate ; zinc , copper and aluminium , in a range of applications including roofing and decoration; and iron , which has structural and other uses in the form of cast iron or wrought iron , or made into st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_metals |
An architectural model is a type of scale model made to study aspects of an architectural design or to communicate design intent. They are made using a variety of materials including paper, plaster , plastic , resin , wood, glass, and metal .
Models are built either with traditional handcraft techniques or via 3D prin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_model |
Architectural propaganda is the use of architecture for the purpose of propaganda. Throughout history, significant architectural works have been used to convey ideas, including many intended to command respect and obedience. [ 1 ]
Architect Richard Buday has contended that architectural works have been used to justify... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_propaganda |
Architectural reprography , the reprography of architectural drawings , covers a variety of technologies, media, and supports typically used to make multiple copies of original technical drawings and related records created by architects , landscape architects , engineers , surveyors , mapmakers and other professionals... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_reprography |
The architectural technologist , also known as a building technologist , provides technical building design services and is trained in architectural technology , building technical design and construction .
Architectural technologists apply the science of architecture and typically concentrate on the technology of bui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_technologist |
Architectural technology , or building technology , is the application of technology to the design of buildings. It is a component of architecture and building engineering and is sometimes viewed as a distinct discipline or sub-category. New materials and technologies generated new design challenges and construction me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_technology |
Architecture in Star Wars includes the cities, buildings, ships, and other structures of the fictional Star Wars universe as described and depicted in books, movies, comics, and cartoons. Architects' Journal ranked the top 10, including the Death Star and the Jedi Temple . [ 1 ]
Comparing the urban and natural environ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Star_Wars |
Architextiles refers to a broad range of projects and approaches that combine architecture , textiles , and materials science . Architextiles explore textile-based approaches and inspirations for creating structures, spaces, surfaces, and textures. Architextiles contribute to the creation of adaptable, interactive, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architextiles |
The Archiv der Pharmazie (German pronunciation: [ˈ arˈçiːf ˈdeːɐ̯ farmaˈtsiː], English: Archive of Pharmacy ) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemistry in the life sciences . The journal was established in 1822 and is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the Deutsche Pharmazeutische... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiv_der_Pharmazie |
Archive for Mathematical Logic is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer Science+Business Media . It was established in 1950 and publishes articles on mathematical logic .
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: [ 1 ]
According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2020 impact facto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive_for_Mathematical_Logic |
Archives management is the area of management concerned with the maintenance and use of archives . It is concerned with acquisition, care, arrangement, description and retrieval of records once they have been transferred from an organisation to the archival repository. Once records have been selected and transferred... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archives_management |
Arcology , a portmanteau of " architecture " and " ecology ", [ 2 ] is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and ecologically low-impact human habitats.
The term was coined in 1969 by architect Paolo Soleri , who believed that a completed arcology would provide space for a vari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcology |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcsec_(trigonometry) |
In probability theory , the arcsine laws are a collection of results for one-dimensional random walks and Brownian motion (the Wiener process ). The best known of these is attributed to Paul Lévy ( 1939 ).
All three laws relate path properties of the Wiener process to the arcsine distribution . A random variable X on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcsine_laws_(Wiener_process) |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctan |
In mathematics, the arctangent series , traditionally called Gregory's series , is the Taylor series expansion at the origin of the arctangent function : [ 1 ]
This series converges in the complex disk | x | ≤ 1 , {\displaystyle |x|\leq 1,} except for x = ± i {\displaystyle x=\pm i} (where arctan ± i = ∞ {\displaysty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctangent_series |
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research ( University of Colorado Boulder ). It covers research on all aspects of Arctic , Antarctic , and alpine environments, including subarctic , subantarctic , subalpine , and paleoenvironme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic,_Antarctic,_and_Alpine_Research |
Arctic is a quarterly, peer-reviewed , multidisciplinary , scientific journal , published by the Arctic Institute of North America . The focus of Arctic is original research articles on all topics about or related to the northern polar and sub-polar regions of the world. Additional published formats are book reviews, p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_(journal) |
Arctic apple is the trademark for a group of patented apples that contain a nonbrowning trait (when the apples are subjected to mechanical damage, such as slicing or bruising, the apple flesh remains as its original color) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] introduced through biotechnology . [ 3 ] They were developed through a process of gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Apples |
The European Arctic Biogeographic Region is the biogeographic region of Europe around and in the Arctic Ocean .
The European Commission and the Council of Europe have defined the European Arctic biogeographical region for the purpose of reporting on conservation efforts and results.
The region includes Iceland and par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Biogeographic_Region |
Arctic Challenger is a barge which has been converted by Superior Energy Services for use in the Arctic drilling operations of Shell Oil Company . [ 1 ] This barge is designed to function as a "novel engineering solution" which they refer to as an Arctic Containment System [ 2 ] to respond should a blowout event occur ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Challenger |
The Arctic Ice Project is a Silicon Valley non-profit research organization that aims to slow climate change by restoring ice in the Arctic. Their scientific research in ice preservation technologies represents an opportunity to buy up to 15 more years for the world's economies to decarbonize. The organization has bui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ice_Project |
The Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is a water mass found between the top cold, relatively fresh polar water and the bottom deep water in the Arctic domain (bounded by the polar and arctic fronts ). [ 1 ] AIW is formed in small quantities compared to other water masses, and has limited influence outside of the Arctic d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Intermediate_Water |
Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic , the region north of the Arctic Circle (66° 33’N). [ 1 ] This region is characterized by two biomes: taiga (or boreal forest ) and tundra . [ 2 ] While the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a divers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_ecology |
Sea ice in the Arctic region has declined in recent decades in area and volume due to climate change . It has been melting more in summer than it refreezes in winter. Global warming , caused by greenhouse gas forcing is responsible for the decline in Arctic sea ice. The decline of sea ice in the Arctic has been acceler... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_sea_ice_decline |
An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps . [ 1 ] The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic–alpine |
The Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora [ a ] is a hypothesized floral assemblage that once covered the Northern Hemisphere , from roughly the late Mesozoic to mid Cenozoic Eras .
First proposed by the paleobotanists J.S. Gardner and C. Ettinghausen in 1879, the concept was intended to answer questions about the disjunct distribu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcto-Tertiary_Geoflora |
An arctometatarsalian organism is one in which the proximal part of the middle metatarsal is pinched between the surrounding metatarsals. The trait appears to be highly homoplastic , common in certain sorts of dinosaurs accustomed to running (among them the tyrannosauroids , ornithomimosaurs , and troodontids ), to eve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctometatarsal |
Arcus is a proposed X-ray space observatory proposed to NASA's Explorer program , Medium Explorer (MIDEX) class.
The Arcus mission would study galaxies and galaxy clusters using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the interactions between these objects and the diffuse hot gas that permeates them. The Pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_(satellite) |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_cosecans |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_cosinus |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_cotangens |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_secans |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_sinus |
In mathematics , the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric , [ 1 ] cyclometric , [ 2 ] or arcus functions [ 3 ] ) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions , under suitably restricted domains . Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine , cosine , tangent , cota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_tangens |
The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest ( Sanskrit Aryabhatia , [ 1 ] Section I) trigonometric tables . The versine of an angle is 1 minus its cosine .
There are several related functions, most notably the coversine and haversine . The latter, half a versine, is of particul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcvers |
Ardent spirits ( ethyl alcohol ), in alchemy , are those liquors obtained after repeated distillations from fermented vegetables . They are thus called because they will take fire and burn. Examples include brandy , spirits of wine , etc. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardent_spirit |
In architecture , an area ( areaway in North America) is an excavated, subterranean space around the walls of a building, designed to admit light into a basement . Also called a lightwell , it often provides access to the house and a store-room/service cupboard for tradesmen , such as a coal store vault under the pavem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_(architecture) |
An area denial weapon is a war offensive and defensive and device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in preventing passage, but is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down, or endanger the opponent. Some area denial w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_denial_weapon |
The area density (also known as areal density , surface density , superficial density , areic density , column density , or density thickness ) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area . The SI derived unit is the " kilogram per square metre " (kg·m −2 ).
In the paper and fabric industries, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density |
An Area of Special Conservation Interest (ASCI) is a protected area in Europe or North Africa, part of the Emerald network established by the countries who have signed the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats .
The purpose of the ASCIs is to conserve and protect habitats and sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_Special_Conservation_Interest |
In geometry , the area enclosed by a circle of radius r is π r 2 . Here, the Greek letter π represents the constant ratio of the circumference of any circle to its diameter , approximately equal to 3.14159.
One method of deriving this formula, which originated with Archimedes , involves viewing the circle as the limit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_circle |
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