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Bromine monochloride , also called bromine(I) chloride , bromochloride , and bromine chloride , is an interhalogen inorganic compound with chemical formula BrCl. It is a very reactive golden yellow gas with boiling point 5 °C and melting point −66 °C. Its CAS number is 13863-41-7, and its EINECS number is 237-601-4. [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_monochloride |
Bromine monofluoride is a quite unstable interhalogen compound with the chemical formula BrF. It can be produced through the reaction of bromine trifluoride (or bromine pentafluoride ) and bromine . Due to its lability, the compound can be detected but not isolated: [ 2 ]
It is usually generated in the presence of cae... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_monofluoride |
Bromine monoxide is a binary inorganic compound of bromine and oxygen with the chemical formula BrO. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A free radical , this compound is the simplest of many bromine oxides . The compound is capable of influencing atmospheric chemical processes. [ 3 ] Naturally, BrO can be found in volcanic plumes. [ 4 ] [ 5 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_monoxide_radical |
Bromine pentafluoride , Br F 5 , is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine . It is a strong fluorinating agent .
BrF 5 finds use in oxygen isotope analysis . Laser ablation of solid silicates in the presence of BrF 5 releases O 2 for subsequent analysis. [ 2 ] It has also been tested as an oxidizer in liqu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_pentafluoride |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on bromine pentafluoride .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as Matheson Trigas , and follow its directions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_pentafluoride_(data_page) |
In organic chemistry , the bromine test is a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation (carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds), phenols and anilines .
An unknown sample is treated with a small amount of elemental bromine in an organic solvent, being
as dichloromethane or carbon tetrachloride . Presence of u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_test |
Bromine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula BrF 3 . At room temperature, it is a straw-coloured liquid with a pungent odor [ 5 ] which decomposes violently on contact with water and organic compounds . It is a powerful fluorinating agent and an ionizing inorganic solvent. It is used to produce uran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_trifluoride |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on bromine trifluoride .
The handling of this chemical may require substantial safety precautions. It is highly recommended you obtain the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as AirGas , and follow its directions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_trifluoride_(data_page) |
Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2 ) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [ 1 ] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compoun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_water |
The Bromley equation was developed in 1973 by Leroy A. Bromley [ 1 ] with the objective of calculating activity coefficients for aqueous electrolyte solutions whose concentrations are above the range of validity of the Debye–Hückel equation . This equation, together with Specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and Pitzer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromley_equation |
Bromochlorodifluoromethane ( BCF ), also referred to by the code numbers Halon 1211 and Freon 12B1 , is a haloalkane with the chemical formula C F 2 Cl Br . It is used for fire suppression, especially for expensive equipment or items that could be damaged by the residue from other types of extinguishers. [ 1 ] It is s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromochlorodifluoromethane |
Bromochlorofluoroiodomethane is a hypothetical haloalkane with all four stable halogen substituents present in it. [ 1 ]
This compound can be seen as a methane molecule, whose four hydrogen atoms are each replaced with a different halogen atom. As the mirror images of this molecule are not superimposable, the molecule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromochlorofluoroiodomethane |
Bromochlorofluoromethane or fluorochlorobromomethane , is a chemical compound and trihalomethane derivative with the chemical formula C H Br Cl F . As one of the simplest possible stable chiral compounds, it is useful for fundamental research into this area of chemistry. [ 1 ] However, its relative instability to hydro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromochlorofluoromethane |
Bromocresol green ( BCG ) is a dye of the triphenylmethane family ( triarylmethane dyes ). It belongs to a class of dyes called sulfonephthaleins. [ 4 ] It is used as a pH indicator in applications such as growth mediums for microorganisms and titrations. In clinical practise, it is commonly used as a diagnostic techni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromocresol_green |
Bromocresol purple ( BCP ) or 5′,5″-dibromo- o -cresolsulfophthalein , is a dye of the triphenylmethane family ( triarylmethane dyes ) and a pH indicator . It is colored yellow below pH 5.2, and violet above pH 6.8. In its cyclic sulfonate ester form, it has a p K a value of 6.3, and is usually prepared as a 0.04% aque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromocresol_purple |
Bromodeoxyuridine ( 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine , BrdU , BUdR , BrdUrd , broxuridine ) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue with a chemical structure similar to thymidine . BrdU is commonly used to study cell proliferation in living tissues [ 1 ] and has been studied as a radiosensitizer [ 2 ] and diagnostic tool in people w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromodeoxyuridine |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on bromoform .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Enthalpy of combustion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromoform_(data_page) |
Bromophenol blue (3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein, BPB), [ 2 ] albutest [ 3 ] is used as a pH indicator , an electrophoretic color marker , and a dye. It can be prepared by slowly adding excess bromine to a hot solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in glacial acetic acid. [ 4 ]
As an acid–base indicator, its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromophenol_blue |
Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB ) is a pH indicator . It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromothymol_blue |
Bromotrifluoromethane , commonly referred to by the code numbers Halon 1301 , R13B1 , Halon 13B1 or BTM , is an organic halide with the chemical formula C Br F 3 . It is used for gaseous fire suppression as a far less toxic alternative to bromochloromethane . [ 3 ]
Bromotrifluoromethane is commercially synthesized in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromotrifluoromethane |
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue ( BALT ) is a tertiary lymphoid structure. It is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and it consists of lymphoid follicles in the lungs and bronchus . BALT is an effective priming site of the mucosal and systemic immune responses. [ 1 ]
BALT is similar in most mammal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchus-associated_lymphoid_tissue |
Bronshtein and Semendyayev (often just Bronshtein or Bronstein , [ 4 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] sometimes BS ) ( Or Handbook Of Mathematics) is the informal name of a comprehensive handbook of fundamental working knowledge of mathematics and table of formulas originally compiled by the Russian mathematician Ilya Nikolaevich Bronsht... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronshtein_and_Semendyayev |
Bronze disease is an irreversible and nearly inexorable corrosion process that occurs when chlorides come into contact with bronze or other copper-bearing alloys . [ 1 ] It can occur as both a dark green coating, or as a much lighter whitish fuzzy or furry green coating. [ 1 ] It is not a bacterial infection, but the r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_disease |
Bronzing is a process by which a bronze -like surface is applied to other materials (metallic or non-metallic). Some bronzing processes are merely simulated finishes ( patinas ) applied to existing metal surfaces, or coatings of powdered metal that give the appearance of a solid metal surface. In other cases, an actual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzing |
In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any [1, n ] carbon to oxygen silyl migration. The rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook (1924–2013), after which the reaction is named. [ 1 ] These migrations can be promoted in a number of different ways, includi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_rearrangement |
Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs , often referred to as " the Brookings Report ", was a 1960 report commissioned by NASA and created by the Brookings Institution in collaboration with NASA's Committee on Long-Range Studies. It was submitted to the House Committee on S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Report |
Brookite is the orthorhombic variant of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), which occurs in four known natural polymorphic forms (minerals with the same composition but different structure). The other three of these forms are akaogiite ( monoclinic ), anatase ( tetragonal ) and rutile ( tetragonal ). Brookite is rare compared ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookite |
The Brooklyn Bridge [ 1 ] from White Crane Systems was a data transfer enabler. Although it came with some hardware, [ 2 ] it was the software which was the basis of the product. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It also could transform the data's format. [ 3 ]
The New York Times described its category as being among "communications packag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_(software) |
In organic chemistry , brosyl (or para -bromophenylsulfonyl ) group is a functional group with the chemical formula BrC 6 H 4 SO 2 and structure Br − C 6 H 4 − SO 2 −R . This group is usually introduced using the compound brosyl chloride , BrC 6 H 4 SO 2 Cl , which forms sulfonyl esters and amides of p -bromophenylsulf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brosyl_group |
Brotli is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Jyrki Alakuijala and Zoltán Szabadka. It uses a combination of the general-purpose LZ77 lossless compression algorithm, Huffman coding and 2nd-order context modelling .
Brotli is primarily used by web servers and content delivery networks to compress HTTP co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotli |
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory , Brouwer's conjecture is a conjecture by Andries Brouwer on upper bounds for the intermediate sums of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a graph in term of its number of edges. [ 1 ]
The conjecture states that if G is a simple undirected graph and L ( G ) its Laplac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer's_conjecture |
The Brouwer Award is awarded annually by the Division on Dynamical Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding lifetime achievement in the field of dynamical astronomy . [ 1 ] The prize is named for Dirk Brouwer .
Source: Division on Dynamical Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer_Award_(Division_on_Dynamical_Astronomy) |
Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology , named after L. E. J. (Bertus) Brouwer . It states that for any continuous function f {\displaystyle f} mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} such that f ( x 0 ) = x 0 {\displaystyle f(x_{0})=x_{0}}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer_fixed-point_theorem |
Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars . Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter ( M J ) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] —not big enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen ( 1 H ) into helium in their co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf_classification |
In mathematics , the Brown measure of an operator in a finite factor is a probability measure on the complex plane which may be viewed as an analog of the spectral counting measure (based on algebraic multiplicity ) of matrices.
It is named after Lawrence G. Brown .
Let M {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}} be a finite fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_measure |
Brocard's problem is a problem in mathematics that seeks integer values of n {\displaystyle n} such that n ! + 1 {\displaystyle n!+1} is a perfect square, where n ! {\displaystyle n!} is the factorial . Only three values of n {\displaystyle n} are known — 4, 5, 7 — and it is not known whether there are any more.
More ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_numbers |
Brownfield is previously-developed land that has been abandoned or underused, [ 1 ] and which may carry pollution , or a risk of pollution, from industrial use. [ 2 ] The specific definition of brownfield land varies and is decided by policy makers and land developers within different countries. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The main di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownfield_land |
Oxidation and reduction in red wines can lead to a particularly undesirable brick red color in red wines (or an "orangey" color in white wines ). This process is sometimes referred to as browning . [ 1 ] In chemical terms, this is called a redox reaction because first the color of the wine deepens after fermentation th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_in_red_wine |
Brownout in software engineering is a technique that involves disabling certain features of an application.
Brownout is used to increase the robustness of an application to computing capacity shortage . [ 1 ] If too many users are simultaneously accessing an application hosted online , the underlying computing infrast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownout_(software_engineering) |
In the mathematical discipline of topology , the Brown–Gitler spectrum is a spectrum whose cohomology is a certain cyclic module over the Steenrod algebra . [ 1 ]
Brown–Gitler spectra are defined by the isomorphism : [ 2 ]
The concept was introduced by mathematicians Edgar H. Brown and Samuel Gitler in a 1973 paper. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown–Gitler_spectrum |
The Web Standards Project ( WaSP ) was a group of professional web developers dedicated to disseminating and encouraging the use of the web standards recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium , along with other groups and standards bodies, with a primary focus on web clients (web browsers).
Founded in 1998, The Web... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browse_Happy |
A browser speed test is a computer benchmark that scores the performance of a web browser , by measuring the browser's efficiency in completing a predefined list of tasks. In general the testing software is available online, located on a website, where different algorithms are loaded and performed in the browser client... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_speed_test |
The Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal is awarded every year by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for outstanding lifetime contributions to astronomy . It is named after Catherine Wolfe Bruce , an American patroness of astronomy, and was first awarded in 1898. [ 1 ]
Source: Astronomical Society of the Pacific | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Medal |
Bruce R. Kowalski (March 1942 – December 2012) was an American professor of analytical chemistry who is acknowledged by the world-wide scientific community to be one of the founders of the field of chemometrics . He was the founding editor of Journal of Chemometrics , and the founding director of the Center for Process... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_R._Kowalski |
A Bruceton analysis is one way of analyzing the sensitivity of explosives as described originally by Dixon and Mood in 1948. Also known as the " Up and Down Test " or "the staircase method", a Bruceton analysis relies upon two parameters: first stimulus and step size. A stimulus is provided to the sample, and the resul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruceton_analysis |
The Bruck – Ryser – Chowla theorem is a result on the combinatorics of block designs that implies nonexistence of certain kinds of design. It states that if a ( v , b , r , k , λ)-design exists with v = b (a symmetric block design ), then:
The theorem was proved in the case of projective planes by Bruck & Ryser (1949)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruck–Ryser–Chowla_theorem |
In mathematics, the Bruhat order (also called the strong order , strong Bruhat order , Chevalley order , Bruhat–Chevalley order , or Chevalley–Bruhat order ) is a partial order on the elements of a Coxeter group , that corresponds to the inclusion order on Schubert varieties .
The Bruhat order on the Schubert varietie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruhat_order |
In mathematics , the Brumer bound is a bound for the rank of an elliptic curve , proved by Brumer ( 1992 ).
This number theory -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumer_bound |
In number theory , Brun's theorem states that the sum of the reciprocals of the twin primes (pairs of prime numbers which differ by 2) converges to a finite value known as Brun's constant , usually denoted by B 2 (sequence A065421 in the OEIS ). Brun's theorem was proved by Viggo Brun in 1919, and it has historical imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brun's_constant |
Bruno Oberle is a Swiss e nvironmental scientist and economist. He is currently the president of the World Resources Forum.
Oberle was born in St. Gallen , Switzerland on 12 October 1955, and grew up in Locarno and Zürich . He took biology and environmental sciences at ETH Zurich and obtained his PhD. [ 1 ]
Oberle w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Oberle |
The Bruno Pontecorvo Prize ( Russian : Премия имени Бруно Понтекорво ) is an award for elementary particle physics, established in 1995 by the JINR in Dubna to commemorate Bruno Pontecorvo . [ 1 ] The prize is mainly given for neutrino physics, which was Pontecorvo's principal research field, and usually to a single sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Pontecorvo_Prize |
The Bruno Rossi Prize is awarded annually by the High Energy Astrophysics division of the American Astronomical Society "for a significant contribution to High Energy Astrophysics, with particular emphasis on recent, original work". [ 1 ] Named after astrophysicist Bruno Rossi , the prize is awarded with a certificate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Rossi_Prize |
In atmospheric dynamics , oceanography , asteroseismology and geophysics , the Brunt–Väisälä frequency , or buoyancy frequency , is a measure of the stability of a fluid to vertical displacements such as those caused by convection . More precisely it is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunt–Väisälä_frequency |
In organic chemistry , the Bruylants reaction (sometimes misspelled Bruylant ) is a substitution reaction in which a Grignard reagent replaces a nitrile on a carbon that also has an amino group. It is useful for synthesizing phenylcyclidine and related dissociative anesthetics . [ 1 ]
Unlike a traditional Grignard rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruylants_reaction |
Bryoamaride is a chemical compound isolated from certain plants, notably Bryonia dioica . It can be seen as a derivative of the triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane ( C 30 H 54 ), more specifically from cucurbitacin L or 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin I . [ 1 ] : 65
The derivative 25- O -acetylbryoamaride is found in Tricho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryoamaride |
Bryology (from Greek bryon , a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes ( mosses , liverworts , and hornworts ). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. [ 1 ] The field is often studied alon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology |
A bryophilous lichen is one that grows on a bryophyte – that is, on a moss or liverwort . [ 1 ] Those which grow on mosses are known as muscicolous lichens , [ 2 ] while those which grow on liverworts are called hepaticolous lichens . [ 3 ] Muscicolous derives from the Latin muscus meaning moss, [ 4 ] while the suffix ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophilous_lichen |
Alectoria fremontii Tuck. (1858) [ 2 ]
Bryoria fremontii is a dark brown, horsehair lichen that grows hanging from trees in western North America, and northern Europe and Asia. It grows abundantly in some areas, and is an important traditional food for a few First Nations in North America.
The species is currently cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryoria_fremontii |
Bryostatins are a group of macrolide lactones from (bacterial symbionts of) the marine organism Bugula neritina that were first collected and provided to JL Hartwell’s anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe . [ 1 ] Bryostatins are potent modulators of protein kinase C . Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryostatin |
Bryozoology is a branch of zoology specializing in Bryozoa , commonly known as moss animals, a phylum of aquatic invertebrates that live in clonal colonies.
The International Bryozoology Association was founded in August 1968 by 16 zoologists and paleozoologists in Stockholm. [ 1 ]
This bryozoan -related article is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoology |
The Brønsted catalysis equation or law of correlation, after Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted , gives the relationship between acid strength and catalytic activity in general acid catalysis . [ 1 ]
A plot of the common logarithm of the reaction rate constant k versus the logarithm of the ionization constant K a for a series... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brønsted_catalysis_equation |
The Brāhma-sphuṭa-siddhānta ("Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma ", abbreviated BSS)
is a main work of Brahmagupta , written c. 628. [ 1 ] This text of mathematical astronomy contains significant mathematical content, including the first good understanding of the role of zero , rules for manipulating both negativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta |
In molecular biology , the Btk-type zinc finger or Btk motif (BM) is a conserved zinc-binding motif containing conserved cysteines and a histidine that is present in certain eukaryotic signalling proteins . The motif is named after Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), an enzyme which is essential for B cell maturation in hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btk-type_zinc_finger |
Bubble-net feeding is a feeding behavior engaged in by humpback whales [ 1 ] and Bryde's whales . [ 2 ] It is one of the few surface feeding behaviors that humpback whales are known to engage in. [ 3 ] This type of feeding can be done alone or in groups with as many as twenty whales participating at once. [ 4 ] Whales ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble-net_feeding |
A theoretical plate in many separation processes is a hypothetical zone or stage in which two phases, such as the liquid and vapor phases of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other. Such equilibrium stages may also be referred to as an equilibrium stage , ideal stage , or a theoretical tray . The performa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_cap |
A bubble column reactor is a chemical reactor that belongs to the general class of multiphase reactors, which consists of three main categories: trickle bed reactor (fixed or packed bed), fluidized bed reactor , and bubble column reactor. [ 1 ] A bubble column reactor is a very simple device consisting of a vertical ve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_column_reactor |
A bubble curtain is a system that produces bubbles in a deliberate arrangement in water. It is also called pneumatic barrier . The technique is based on bubbles of air (gas) being let out under the water surface, commonly on the bottom. When the bubbles rise they act as a barrier, a curtain, breaking the propagation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_curtain |
The bubble octant and bubble sextant are air navigation instruments. Although an instrument may be called a "bubble sextant", it may actually be a bubble octant.
Ships had long used sextants for navigation , but sextants had problems in aircraft navigation. A ship at sea is on a relatively flat surface and can use the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_octant |
In thermodynamics , the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure ) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point ) at di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_point |
A bubble raft is an array of bubbles . It demonstrates materials' microstructural and atomic length-scale behavior by modelling the {111} plane of a close-packed crystal. A material's observable and measurable mechanical properties strongly depend on its atomic and microstructural configuration and characteristics. Thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_raft |
A Bubbler cylinder is a component of a unit for the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). They are devices that are used for conveying electronic grade metalorganic compounds from a liquid or solid precursor into a usable vapor .
The container of the Bubblers is similar to the construction of a gas washing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubbler_cylinder |
In anatomy, buccopharyngeal structures are those pertaining to the cheek and the pharynx or to the mouth and the pharynx.
It may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccopharyngeal |
The Buchalter Cosmology Prize , established in 2014, is a prestigious annual prize bestowed by Dr. Ari Buchalter. [ 1 ]
Every year, three Buchalter Prizes are awarded in recognition of ground-breaking work in cosmology with the potential to produce a breakthrough advance in our understanding of how the Universe works,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchalter_Cosmology_Prize |
In the theory of multivariate polynomials , Buchberger's algorithm is a method for transforming a given set of polynomials into a Gröbner basis , which is another set of polynomials that have the same common zeros and are more convenient for extracting information on these common zeros. It was introduced by Bruno Buchb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchberger's_algorithm |
In general relativity , Buchdahl's theorem , named after Hans Adolf Buchdahl , [ 1 ] makes more precise the notion that there is a maximal sustainable density for ordinary gravitating matter. It gives an inequality between the mass and radius that must be satisfied for static, spherically symmetric matter configuration... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchdahl's_theorem |
The Bucherer carbazole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize carbazoles from 2-naphthols and aryl hydrazines using sodium bisulfite . The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucherer_carbazole_synthesis |
The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids . [ 6 ]
The French chemist Robert Lepeti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucherer_reaction |
The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction of carbonyl compounds ( aldehydes or ketones ) or cyanohydrins with ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide to give hydantoins . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer .
Following condensation of the carbonyl with the ammonium, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucherer–Bergs_reaction |
In mathematics, ψ 0 (Ω ω ) , widely known as Buchholz's ordinal [ citation needed ] , is a large countable ordinal that is used to measure the proof-theoretic strength of some mathematical systems. In particular, it is the proof theoretic ordinal of the subsystem Π 1 1 {\displaystyle \Pi _{1}^{1}} -CA 0 of second-order... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz's_ordinal |
In mathematics , especially mathematical logic , graph theory and number theory , the Buchholz hydra game is a type of hydra game , which is a single-player game based on the idea of chopping pieces off a mathematical tree . The hydra game can be used to generate a rapidly growing function , B H ( n ) {\displaystyle BH... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_hydra |
The Buchner ring expansion is a two-step organic C-C bond forming reaction used to access 7-membered rings . The first step involves formation of a carbene from ethyl diazoacetate , which cyclopropanates an aromatic ring. The ring expansion occurs in the second step, with an electrocyclic reaction opening the cycloprop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchner_ring_expansion |
In organic chemistry , the Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a chemical reaction for the synthesis of carbon–nitrogen bonds via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of amines with aryl halides . [ 1 ] Although Pd-catalyzed C–N couplings were reported as early as 1983, Stephen L. Buchwald and John F. Hartwig have been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchwald–Hartwig_amination |
A bucket-wheel excavator (BWE) is a large heavy equipment machine used in surface mining .
Their primary function is that of a continuous digging machine in large-scale open-pit mining operations, removing thousands of tons of overburden a day. What sets them apart from other large-scale mining equipment, such as buck... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket-wheel_excavator |
Isaac Newton 's rotating bucket argument (also known as Newton's bucket ) is a thought experiment that was designed to demonstrate that true rotational motion cannot be defined as the relative rotation of the body with respect to the immediately surrounding bodies. It is one of five arguments from the "properties, cau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_argument |
A bucket chain excavator (BCE) is a piece of heavy equipment used in surface mining and dredging . BCEs use buckets on a revolving chain to remove large quantities of material. They are similar to bucket-wheel excavators and trenchers . Bucket chain excavators remove material from below their plane of movement, which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_chain_excavator |
In theoretical chemistry , the Buckingham potential is a formula proposed by Richard Buckingham which describes the Pauli exclusion principle and van der Waals energy Φ 12 ( r ) {\displaystyle \Phi _{12}(r)} for the interaction of two atoms that are not directly bonded as a function of the interatomic distance r {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_potential |
In engineering , applied mathematics , and physics , the Buckingham π theorem is a key theorem in dimensional analysis . It is a formalisation of Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis . Loosely, the theorem states that if there is a physically meaningful equation involving a certain number n physical variables, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_π_theorem |
In fluid dynamics , the Buckley–Leverett equation is a conservation equation used to model two-phase flow in porous media . [ 1 ] The Buckley–Leverett equation or the Buckley–Leverett displacement describes an immiscible displacement process, such as the displacement of oil by water, in a one-dimensional or quasi-one-d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckley–Leverett_equation |
In structural engineering , buckling is the sudden change in shape ( deformation ) of a structural component under load , such as the bowing of a column under compression or the wrinkling of a plate under shear . If a structure is subjected to a gradually increasing load, when the load reaches a critical level, a membe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling |
Buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) is a structural steel frame that provides lateral resistance to buckling , particularly during seismic activity . [ 1 ]
The BRBF is typically a special case of a concentrically braced frame . Tests have demonstrated BRBF systems are highly effective for energy dissipation, while... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling-restrained_braced_frame |
In mathematics , the Buckmaster equation is a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation , named after John D. Buckmaster , who derived the equation in 1977. [ 1 ] The equation models the surface of a thin sheet of viscous liquid. The equation was derived earlier by S. H. Smith and by P Smith, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckmaster_equation |
In mathematics, Budan's theorem is a theorem for bounding the number of real roots of a polynomial in an interval, and computing the parity of this number. It was published in 1807 by François Budan de Boislaurent .
A similar theorem was published independently by Joseph Fourier in 1820. Each of these theorems is a co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budan's_theorem |
Buddy (also known as Buddy.Works) is a web-based and self-hosted continuous integration and delivery software for Git developers that can be used to build , test , and deploy web sites and applications with code from GitHub , Bitbucket , and GitLab . It employs Docker containers with pre-installed languages and framewo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_(software) |
Budgeted cost of work performed ( BCWP ) also called earned value ( EV ), is the budgeted cost of work that has actually been performed in carrying out a scheduled task during a specific time period. [ 1 ] The BCWP is the sum of the budgets for completed work packages and completed portions of open work packages, plus ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgeted_cost_of_work_performed |
The Buell dryer , also known as the "turbo shelf" dryer, is an indirectly-heated industrial dryer once widely used in the Cornwall and Devon china clay mining industry. The Buell dryer was introduced to the china clay industry by English Clays Lovering Pochin & Co. Ltd for their china clay drying plants in Cornwall and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buell_dryer |
Buff strength is a design term used in the certification of rail rolling stock. It refers to the required resistance to deformation or permanent damage due to loads applied at the car's ends, such as in a collision. Particular emphasis on buff strength is placed in the United States, with buff strength requirements the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff_strength |
Buffalo AirStation is the name given to a series of wireless LAN equipment sold by Buffalo Technology .
Many of Buffalo's residential gateways use Broadcom microprocessor chipsets , allowing a variety of third party open source firmware to be installed. Some of their most recent routers with Atheros-based chipsets ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_AirStation |
The buffer-gas trap ( BGT ) is a device used to accumulate positrons (the antiparticles of electrons ) efficiently while minimizing positron loss due to annihilation , which occurs when an electron and positron collide and the energy is converted to gamma rays . The BGT is used for a variety of research applications, p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer-gas_trap |
Buffer P2 is a lysis buffer solution produced by Qiagen . It contains 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (w/v) to puncture holes in cellular membranes , and 200mM NaOH. It is used in conjunction with other resuspension buffers and lysis buffers to release DNA from cells, often as part of the alkaline lysis method of purif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_P2 |
In geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis , buffer analysis is the determination of a zone around a geographic feature containing locations that are within a specified distance of that feature, the buffer zone (or just buffer ). [ 1 ] A buffer is likely the most commonly used tool within the proximit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_analysis |
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