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A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [ 1 ] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution |
A buffer strip is an area of land maintained in permanent vegetation that helps to control air quality , soil quality , and water quality , along with other environmental problems, dealing primarily on land that is used in agriculture . Buffer strips trap sediment , and enhance filtration of nutrients and pesticides by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_strip |
Bufferbloat is the undesirable latency that comes from a router or other network equipment buffering too many data packets . Bufferbloat can also cause packet delay variation (also known as jitter), as well as reduce the overall network throughput . When a router or switch is configured to use excessively large buffer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufferbloat |
The buffy coat is the fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample that contains most of the leukocytes and thrombocytes following centrifugation . [ 1 ]
After centrifugation, one can distinguish a layer of clear fluid (the plasma ), a layer of red fluid containing erythrocytes , and a thin layer in between. Composing l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffy_coat |
Bufothionine is a sulfur-containing compound which is present in the bufotoxins secreted by the parotoid gland of certain toads of the genera Bufo and Chaunus . This specific compound can be found in the skin of certain species of toad such as the Asiatic Toad , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Chaunus arunco , Chaunus crucifer , Chaunus s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufothionine |
In engineering, a bug is a design defect in an engineered system that causes an undesired result.
Although used exclusively to describe a technical issue, bug is a non-technical term; applicable without technical understanding of the system.
The term bug applies exclusively to a system that is (human) designed; not t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_(engineering) |
Bugsense is a crash reporter for mobile phones. It collects and analyzes crash reports, performance and quality of applications on mobiles, [ 1 ] which forwards them to the creators of those applications to act on them. Supported platforms include Android, iOS , Windows Phone 7 , Windows Phone , Windows 8 and HTML 5 . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugsense |
Build UK is a representative organisation in the Construction industry of the United Kingdom . It was formed by the 2015 merger of the UK Contractors Group (UKCG) and the National Specialist Contractors Council (NSCC). Combining clients, main contractors, trade associations, and other organisations, it claims to repres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_UK |
Builders' rites are ceremonies attendant on the laying of foundation stones , including ecclesiastical , masonic or other traditions connected with foundations or other aspects of construction.
One such custom is that of placing a few coins, newspapers, etc. within a cavity beneath the stone. Should the stone later be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builders'_rites |
A building-energy performance gap is a disparity between the energy consumption predicted in the design stage of a building and the energy use in actual operation. It can have many causes.
The performance gap is mainly due to uncertainties. Uncertainties are found in any “real-world” system, and buildings are no excep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building-energy_performance_gap |
buildingSMART , formerly the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), is an international organisation which aims to improve the exchange of information between software applications used in the construction industry. It has developed Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) as a neutral and open specification for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuildingSMART |
In mathematics , a building (also Tits building , named after Jacques Tits ) is a combinatorial and geometric structure which simultaneously generalizes certain aspects of flag manifolds , finite projective planes , and Riemannian symmetric spaces . Buildings were initially introduced by Jacques Tits as a means to und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_(mathematics) |
The U.S. Department of Energy ’s (DOE's) Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) was established in 1991 (originally called the Building Standards and Guidelines Program), with its activities defined by the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA) (Pub. L. No 94-385), [ 1 ] as amended, and the Energy Independence and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Energy_Codes_Program |
Building and Environment is a semimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which focuses on building science , human interaction with built environment , as well as their applications to building design and operation. [ 1 ] It was established in 1965 as Building Science , changing to the current name in 1976. It is pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_and_Environment |
A building control body is an organisation authorised by the Building Act 1984 (as amended 1 October 2023 by the Building Safety Act 2022) to control building work that is subject to the Building Regulations in England and Wales (similar systems are provided in Northern Ireland, and in Scotland where the term 'building... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_control_body |
Building design , also called architectural design , refers to the broadly based architectural , engineering and technical applications to the design of buildings . All building projects require the services of a building designer, typically a licensed architect . Smaller, less complicated projects often do not require... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_design |
A building engineer is recognised as being expert in the use of technology for the design , construction , assessment and maintenance of the built environment . [ 1 ] Commercial Building Engineers are concerned with the planning, design, construction , operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_engineer |
The term building engineering physics was introduced in a report released in January 2010 commissioned by The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAeng). The report, entitled Engineering a Low Carbon Built Environment: The Discipline of Building Engineering Physics , presents the initiative of many at the Royal Academy of En... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_engineering_physics |
A building envelope or building enclosure is the physical separator between the conditioned and unconditioned environment of a building , including the resistance to air, water, heat, [ 1 ] light, and noise [ 2 ] transfer.
The building envelope or enclosure is all of the elements of the outer shell that maintain a dry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope |
In the controlled demolition industry, building implosion is the strategic placing of explosive material and timing of its detonation so that a structure collapses on itself in a matter of seconds, minimizing the physical damage to its immediate surroundings. Despite its terminology, building implosion also includes th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_implosion |
Building information modeling ( BIM ) is an approach involving the generation and management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of buildings or other physical assets and facilities. BIM is supported by various tools, processes, technologies and contracts. Building information mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_information_modeling |
Building performance is an attribute of a building that expresses how well that building carries out its functions. It may also relate to the performance of the building construction process. Categories of building performance are quality (how well the building fulfills its functions), resource savings (how much of a p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_performance |
Building performance simulation (BPS) is the replication of aspects of building performance using a computer-based, mathematical model created on the basis of fundamental physical principles and sound engineering practice. The objective of building performance simulation is the quantification of aspects of building per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_performance_simulation |
To comply with the Building Act 1984 and the subsequent statutory instruments known as the Building Regulations , Building regulations approval is required to construct certain structures in England and Wales. Construction projects falling into this category are sometimes referred to as "notifiable", however this is di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_regulations_approval |
Building regulations in the United Kingdom are statutory instruments or statutory regulations that seek to ensure that the policies set out in the relevant legislation are carried out. Building regulations approval is required for most building work in the UK.
Building regulations that apply across England and Wales a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_regulations_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Building science is the science and technology-driven collection of knowledge to provide better indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy-efficient built environments , and occupant comfort and satisfaction . Building physics, architectural science , and applied physics are terms used for the knowledge domain that ove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_science |
Building services engineering (BSE), service engineering or facilities and services planning engineering is a professional engineering discipline that strives to achieve a safe and comfortable indoor environment while minimizing the environmental impact of a building .
Building services engineering can be considered a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering |
Building transportation systems include: [ 1 ]
This architecture -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
Some other non-mechanical building transportation include: (this may vary depending on definition) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_transportation_systems |
A built-up gun is artillery with a specially reinforced barrel. An inner tube of metal stretches within its elastic limit under the pressure of confined powder gases to transmit stress to outer cylinders that are under tension. [ 1 ] Concentric metal cylinders or wire windings are assembled to minimize the weight requ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built-up_gun |
Buket Uzuner (born 3 October 1955, in Ankara , Turkey) is a Turkish writer , author of novels, short stories, and travelogues . She studied biology and environmental science and has conducted research and presented lectures at universities in Turkey , Norway, the United States, and Finland . Her works have been transla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buket_Uzuner |
Bulat is a type of steel alloy known in Russia from medieval times; it was regularly mentioned in Russian legends as the material of choice for cold steel. The name булат is a Russian transliteration of the Persian word fulad , meaning steel. This type of steel was used by the armies of nomadic peoples. Bulat steel was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulat_steel |
Bulbocapnine is an alkaloid found in Corydalis (notably the European species C. cava ) and Dicentra , genera of the plant family Fumariaceae which have caused (notably the American species Corydalis caseana ) the fatal poisoning of sheep and cattle . [ 1 ] It has been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbocapnine |
A bulbous bow is a streamlined flaring or protruding bulb at the bow (or front) of a ship just below the waterline . The flare or bulb modifies the way the water flows around the hull , reducing drag and thus increasing speed, range, fuel efficiency , and stability. Large ships with bulbous bows generally have twelve t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbous_bow |
The Bulgarian Astronautical Society ( Bulgarian : Българско астронавтическо дружество ) is the oldest entity in Bulgaria dedicated to space exploration and space advocacy . [ 1 ]
The Society's founders, Bulgarian Air Force Captain Docho Haralampiev and engineer Georgi Asparuhov, wanted to introduce the wider public to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_Astronautical_Society |
There are a number of objects in the Solar System that have been named after Bulgarian people or places. Many of these are craters on the terrestrial planets but asteroids and exoplanets have also received Bulgarian names.
This astronomy -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This Bulga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_names_in_space |
Bulging factor is an engineering term describing the geometry of out-of plane deformations of the surface of a crack on a pressurized fuselage structure. It is used in evaluating the damage tolerance of airframe fuselages. [ 1 ]
The single curved geometry and pressure differential causes a longitudinal crack to bulge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulging_factor |
Bulk endocytosis refers to a form of endocytosis of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals . In bulk endocytosis, compared to clathrin-mediated endocytosis , a larger area of presynaptic plasma membrane is internalised as cisternae or endosomes from which multiple synaptic vesicles can subsequently bud off. Bulk endoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_endocytosis |
The term bulk material analyzer is the generic noun for that device which fits around a conveyor belt and conducts real-time elemental analysis of the material on the belt. Other names often found for such a device include belt analyzer , crossbelt analyzer and elemental analyzer . This product first found popularity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_material_analyzer |
Bulk micromachining [ 1 ] is a process used to produce micromachinery or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Unlike surface micromachining , which uses a succession of thin film deposition and selective etching, bulk micromachining defines structures by selectively etching inside a substrate. Whereas surface microm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_micromachining |
Bulk soil is soil outside the rhizosphere that is not penetrated by plant roots . The bulk soil is like an ecosystem, it is made up of many things such as: nutrients , ions , soil particles, and root exudates . There are many different interactions that occur between all the members of the bulk soil. Natural organic c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil |
Bulked segregant analysis ( BSA ) is a technique used to identify genetic markers associated with a mutant phenotype . This allows geneticists to discover genes conferring certain traits of interest, such as disease resistance or susceptibility.
This technique involves forming two groups that display opposing phenotyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulked_segregant_analysis |
In the area of organometallic chemistry , a bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand is jargon for a ligand of the type C 5 H 5− n R − n where R is a branched alkyl and n = 3 or 4. Representative examples are the tetra isopropyl derivative C 5 H i Pr − 4 and the tris( tert -butyl ) derivative 1,2,4-C 5 H 2 t Bu − 3 . These liga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulky_cyclopentadienyl_ligands |
BullSequana is the brand name of a range of high performance computer systems produced by Atos .
The range includes
This computer hardware article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BullSequana |
The Bull Gamma 60 was a large transistorized mainframe computer designed by Compagnie des Machines Bull . Initially announced in 1957, the first unit shipped in 1960. It holds the distinction of being the world's first multi-threaded computer, and the first to feature an architecture specially designed for parallelism ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_Gamma_60 |
Bull kelp is a common name for the brown alga Nereocystis luetkeana which is a true kelp in the family Laminariaceae .
Species in the genus Durvillaea are also sometimes called "bull kelp", but this is just a shortening of the common name southern bull kelp . Durvillaea is a genus in the order Fucales and, though supe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_kelp |
A bulldozer or dozer (also called a crawler ) is a large tractor equipped with a metal blade at the front for pushing material ( soil , sand, snow, rubble, or rock) during construction work. It travels most commonly on continuous tracks , though specialized models riding on large off-road tires are also produced. Its m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldozer |
The Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of engineering geology . It is the official journal of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment and published on their behalf by Springer Science+Business Media .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_of_Engineering_Geology_and_the_Environment |
The Bulletin of Materials Science is a bimonthly peer-viewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, review articles and rapid communications in all areas of materials science . It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Indian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_of_Materials_Science |
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan ( 日本化学会欧文誌 , Nihon Kagakukai Ōbunshi ) is a scientific journal , which was founded in 1926 by the Chemical Society of Japan . It publishes accounts, articles, and short articles in the fields of theoretical and physical chemistry , analytical and inorganic chemistry , organic a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Chemical_Society_of_Japan |
A bullwheel or bull wheel is a large wheel on which a rope turns, such as in a chairlift or other ropeway . In this application, the bullwheel that is attached to the prime mover is called the drive bullwheel, and the other is the return bullwheel. One of the bullwheels is usually attached to a cable tensioning system,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullwheel |
As a result of advances in technology, information technology has become a highly important economic sector. Although it is relatively new, this industry still experiences many of the workplace culture problems of older industries. Bullying is common in IT, leading to high sickness rates, low morale , poor productivity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying_in_information_technology |
Bulverism is a type of ad hominem rhetorical fallacy that combines circular reasoning and the genetic fallacy with presumption or condescension. The Bulverist assumes a speaker's argument is invalid or false and then explains why the speaker came to make that mistake or to be so silly (even if the opponent's claim is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulverism |
Bumblebees ( Bombus spp.), like the honeybee ( Apis spp.) collect nectar and pollen from flowers and store them for food. Many individuals must be recruited to forage for food to provide for the hive. Some bee species have highly developed ways of communicating with each other about the location and quality of food res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee_communication |
The bump-and-hole method is a tool in chemical genetics for studying a specific isoform in a protein family without perturbing the other members of the family. The unattainability of isoform-selective inhibition due to structural homology in protein families is a major challenge of chemical genetics. With the bump-and-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_and_hole |
Bumping is a phenomenon in chemistry where homogeneous liquids boiled in a test tube or other container will superheat and, upon nucleation , rapid boiling will expel the liquid from the container. In extreme cases, the container may be broken. [ 1 ]
Bumping occurs when a liquid is heated or has its pressure reduced v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumping_(chemistry) |
Bunched logic [ 1 ] is a variety of substructural logic proposed by Peter O'Hearn and David Pym . Bunched logic provides primitives for reasoning about resource composition , which aid in the compositional analysis of computer and other systems. It has category-theoretic and truth-functional semantics, which can be und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunched_logic |
In quantum field theory in curved spacetime , there is a whole class of quantum states over a background de Sitter space which are invariant under all the isometries : the alpha-vacua. Among them there is a particular one whose associated Green functions verify a condition (Hadamard condition) consisting to behave on t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunch–Davies_vacuum |
In mathematics , in particular linear algebra , the Bunch–Nielsen–Sorensen formula , [ 1 ] named after James R. Bunch, Christopher P. Nielsen and Danny C. Sorensen, expresses the eigenvectors of the sum of a symmetric matrix A {\displaystyle A} and the outer product , v v T {\displaystyle vv^{T}} , of vector v {\displa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunch–Nielsen–Sorensen_formula |
In photogrammetry and computer stereo vision , bundle adjustment is simultaneous refining of the 3D coordinates describing the scene geometry, the parameters of the relative motion, and the optical characteristics of the camera(s) employed to acquire the images, given a set of images depicting a number of 3D points fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle_adjustment |
Bundwerk is a method of building with timber that was used especially in the 19th century in Austria , South Tyrol and Bavaria . After log construction and timber framing , bundwerk is one of the most widespread forms of timber building techniques . It involved using wooden beams that were arranged partly in a lattice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundwerk |
The bunker experiment was a scientific experiment that began in 1966 to test whether humans, like other species, have an intrinsic circadian clock . [ 1 ] It was started by Jürgen Aschoff and Rütger Wever of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology and later taken over by Jürgen Zulley. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Participan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunker_experiment |
A bunker quantity survey ( BQS ), also known as a bunker quantity audit or simply a bunker survey , is a quantitative examination and assessment of fuel oil ( bunker fuel ) transferred from one party to another.
In the maritime industry , a BQS is conducted when a supply vessel (typically a bunker barge or shore tank ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunker_quantity_survey |
Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships ( such fuel is referred to as bunker ), [ 1 ] including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. [ 2 ] A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader.
The term bunkering originated in the days of steams... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkering |
The Bunsen reaction is a chemical reaction that describes water , sulfur dioxide , and iodine reacting to form sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide :
This reaction is the first step in the sulfur-iodine cycle to produce hydrogen . The products separate into two aqueous layers , with the sulfuric acid floating on top, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunsen_reaction |
The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award is a prize for "outstanding achievements" in the field of analytical spectroscopy . It has been awarded since 1990 by the German Working Group for Applied Spectroscopy, and is endowed with €2,500 by PerkinElmer , Germany. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The prize is named in honor of chemist Robert Bunsen and ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunsen–Kirchhoff_Award |
In organosulfur chemistry , a Bunte salt is an archaic name for salts with the formula R−S−SO − 3 Na + . They are also called S -alkylthiosulfates or S -arylthiosulfates. [ 1 ] These compounds are typically derived from alkylation on the pendant sulfur of sodium thiosulfate : [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
They have been used as interme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunte_salt |
Buoyant density centrifugation (also isopycnic centrifugation or equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation ) uses the concept of buoyancy to separate molecules in solution by their differences in density.
Historically a cesium chloride (CsCl) solution was often used, but more commonly used density gradients are sucr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyant_density_centrifugation |
In 1977 the Board of Governors of the World Bank approved Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project ( BISP ) in Kenya . The project area is situated just South of the Equator in the Lower Tana Basin. It lies on the west bank of the Tana River and falls within the administrative area of Tana River County .
The project was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bura_Irrigation_and_Settlement_Project_(Kenya) |
The burden of knowledge describes the difficulty of adding to a scientific field as the amount of previous work that must be understood increases over time. This is seen across scientific disciplines. Evidence for this burden includes a trend that people are older before they receive their first patent or publish in a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_knowledge |
The burden of proof ( Latin : onus probandi , shortened from Onus probandi incumbit ei qui dicit, non ei qui negat – the burden of proof lies with the one who speaks, not the one who denies) is the obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient warrant for its position.
When two parties are in a discussion a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(philosophy) |
The Bureau des Longitudes ( French: [byʁo de lɔ̃ʒityd] ) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation , standardisation of time -keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_des_Longitudes |
The Bureau of Engineering Surveyors is the professional sector of the Society of Operations Engineers (SOE) for Engineer Surveyors, but also allied professionals in building services and engineering safety . It was founded in 1965 and merged with other societies to form the SOE in 2000. Its members check machinery and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engineer_Surveyors |
The United States Navy 's Bureau of Ships (BuShips) was established by Congress on 20 June 1940, by a law which consolidated the functions of the Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) and the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng). The new bureau was to be headed by a chief and deputy-chief, one selected from the Engineeri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Ships |
The Bureau of Steam Engineering was a bureau of the United States Navy , created by the act of 5 July 1862, receiving some of the duties of the former Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repair. It became, by the Naval Appropriation Act of 4 June 1920, the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng). In 1940 it combined with the B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Steam_Engineering |
Burgers' equation or Bateman–Burgers equation is a fundamental partial differential equation and convection–diffusion equation [ 1 ] occurring in various areas of applied mathematics , such as fluid mechanics , [ 2 ] nonlinear acoustics , [ 3 ] gas dynamics , and traffic flow . [ 4 ] The equation was first introduced b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers'_equation |
In materials science , the Burgers vector , named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers , is a vector , often denoted as b , that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion resulting from a dislocation in a crystal lattice . [ 1 ]
The vector's magnitude and direction is best understood when the dislo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers_vector |
The Burgess reagent ( methyl N -(triethylammoniumsulfonyl)carbamate ) is a mild and selective dehydrating reagent often used in organic chemistry . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was developed in the laboratory of Edward M. Burgess at Georgia Tech .
The Burgess reagent is used to convert secondary and tertiary alcohols with an adjace... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgess_reagent |
Buridan's ass is an illustration of a paradox in philosophy in the conception of free will . It refers to a hypothetical situation wherein an ass (or donkey ) that is equally hungry and thirsty is placed precisely midway between a stack of hay and a pail of water. Since the paradox assumes the ass will always go to whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridan's_ass |
The Buried Valley Aquifer System is a buried valley aquifer in the central basin of the Passaic River watershed in New Jersey , as defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . This region impacts drinking water sources for twenty-six municipalities in four northern New Jersey ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buried_Valley_Aquifer_System |
In queueing theory , a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability , Burke's theorem (sometimes the Burke's output theorem [ 1 ] ) is a theorem (stated and demonstrated by Paul J. Burke while working at Bell Telephone Laboratories ) asserting that, for the M/M/1 queue , M/M/c queue or M/M/∞ queue in the st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke's_theorem |
In combustion , a Burke–Schumann flame is a type of diffusion flame , established at the mouth of the two concentric ducts, by issuing fuel and oxidizer from the two region respectively. It is named after S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] who were able to predict the flame height and flame shape using their s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke–Schumann_flame |
In combustion , Burke–Schumann limit , or large Damköhler number limit , is the limit of infinitely fast chemistry (or in other words, infinite Damköhler number ), named after S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann, [ 1 ] due to their pioneering work on Burke–Schumann flame . One important conclusion of infinitely fast chemist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke–Schumann_limit |
Burn-in ovens in electronics device fabrication , are designed for dynamic and static burn-in of integrated circuits and other electronic devices, including laser diodes . Typical sizes are from under ten to over 30 cubic feet (0.85 m 3 ), with air or nitrogen configurations. Operating temperatures can go over 260 °C (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn-in_oven |
Burn: The Misunderstood Science of Metabolism is a 2022 book written by Herman Pontzer in which he discusses metabolism , human health and use of energy in the human body. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The book examines research and proposes a constrained approach to total energy expenditure. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
This article about ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn:_The_Misunderstood_Science_of_Metabolism |
A burn pit is an area of a United States military base in which waste is disposed of by burning.
According to the United States Army field manual, there are four other ways outside of burn pits to dispose of nonhazardous solid waste: incinerators , burial , landfills , and tactical burial. [ 2 ] Open-air burning is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_pit |
In chemistry , the burn rate (or burning rate) is a measure of the linear combustion rate of a compound or substance such as a candle or a solid propellant . It is measured in length over time, such as millimeters per second or inches per second. Among the variables affecting burn rate are pressure and temperature. Bur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_rate_(chemistry) |
Burner is a mobile application for iOS and Android made by Ad Hoc Labs, Inc. that allows users to create temporary disposable phone numbers in the U.S. and Canada. [ 1 ] The app allows smartphone users to have a phone number that is anonymous and can be thrown away, for purposes such as online ads, while traveling, for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burner_(mobile_application) |
Burnie Lee Benbow (4 July 1885 – 7 April 1976) was an American engineer and inventor known for his work in electric lighting . [ 1 ] He served for many years as the manager of the Cleveland Wire Works at GE Lighting in Cleveland, Ohio , where his innovations contributed to significant advancements in lighting efficienc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnie_Lee_Benbow |
In plasma physics, a burning plasma is a plasma that is heated primarily by fusion reactions involving thermal plasma ions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Sun and similar stars are a burning plasma, and in 2020 the National Ignition Facility achieved a burning plasma in the laboratory. [ 3 ] A closely related concept is that of an ig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_plasma |
A splint (or spill or splinter ) is a simple piece of equipment used in scientific laboratories . Splints are typically long, thin strips of wood, about 6 inches (15 cm) long and ¼ inch (6 mm) wide, and are consumable but inexpensive. They are typically used for tasks such as lighting bunsen burners , as the length of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_splint_test |
Burnishing is the plastic deformation of a surface due to sliding contact with another object. It smooths the surface and makes it shinier. Burnishing may occur on any sliding surface if the contact stress locally exceeds the yield strength of the material. The phenomenon can occur both unintentionally as a failure mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnishing_(metal) |
Burr, Egan, Deleage & Co. ( BEDCO ) was a venture capital firm which focused on investments in information technology, communications, and healthcare/biotechnology companies.
BEDCO was one of the first venture capital firm to set up a bi-coastal operation with a presence in both Boston, Massachusetts and Silicon Valle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr,_Egan,_Deleage_&_Co. |
Condorcet methods
Positional voting
Cardinal voting
Quota-remainder methods
Approval-based committees
Fractional social choice
Semi-proportional representation
By ballot type
Pathological response
Strategic voting
Paradoxes of majority rule
Positive results
Bullet , [ 1 ] single-shot , [ 2 ] or plump voting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr_dilemma |
Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic (also known as the BAN logic ) is a set of rules for defining and analyzing information exchange protocols. Specifically, BAN logic helps its users determine whether exchanged information is trustworthy, secured against eavesdropping, or both. BAN logic starts with the assumption that all in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows–Abadi–Needham_logic |
The Burrows–Wheeler transform ( BWT ) rearranges a character string into runs of similar characters, in a manner that can be reversed to recover the original string. Since compression techniques such as move-to-front transform and run-length encoding are more effective when such runs are present, the BWT can be used as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows–Wheeler_transform |
In mathematics , the Burr–Erdős conjecture was a problem concerning the Ramsey number of sparse graphs . The conjecture is named after Stefan Burr and Paul Erdős , and is one of many conjectures named after Erdős ; it states that the Ramsey number of graphs in any sparse family of graphs should grow linearly in the num... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr–Erdős_conjecture |
In fireworks , a burst charge (usually black powder) [ 1 ] is a pyrotechnic mixture placed in a shell which is ignited when the shell reaches the desired height in order to create an explosion and spread the stars . Burst charge compositions are usually coated onto rice hulls or other low-density fillers , which increa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_charge |
In a packet switched network , burst switching is a capability in which each network switch extracts routing instructions from an incoming packet header to establish and maintain the appropriate switch connection for the duration of the packet, following which the connection is automatically released.
In concept, burs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_switching |
Burstable billing is a method of measuring bandwidth based on peak use. It allows usage to exceed a specified threshold for brief periods of time without the financial penalty of purchasing a higher committed information rate (CIR, or commitment ) from an Internet service provider (ISP).
Most ISPs use a five-minute sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burstable_billing |
Bursting , or burst firing , is an extremely diverse [ 1 ] general phenomenon of the activation patterns of neurons in the central nervous system [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] where periods of rapid action potential spiking are followed by quiescent periods much longer than typical inter-spike intervals. Bursting is thought to be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursting |
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