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In the mathematical fields of geometry and topology , a coarse structure on a set X is a collection of subsets of the cartesian product X × X with certain properties which allow the large-scale structure of metric spaces and topological spaces to be defined.
The concern of traditional geometry and topology is with the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarse_structure |
In law and economics , the Coase theorem ( / ˈ k oʊ s / ) describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities . The theorem is significant because, if true, the conclusion is that it is possible for private individuals to make choices that can solve the problem of mar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coase_theorem |
Since the 1990s, biogeomorphology has developed as an established research field examining the interrelationship between organisms and geomorphic processes in a variety of environments, both marine, and terrestrial. [ 1 ] Coastal biogeomorphology looks at the interaction between marine organisms and coastal geomorphic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_biogeomorphology |
Coastal engineering is a branch of civil engineering concerned with the specific demands posed by constructing at or near the coast , as well as the development of the coast itself.
The hydrodynamic impact of especially waves , tides , storm surges and tsunamis and (often) the harsh environment of salt seawater are ty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_engineering |
Coastal Hydrogeology is a branch of Hydrogeology that focuses on the movement and the chemical properties of groundwater in coastal areas. Coastal Hydrogeology studies the interaction between fresh groundwater and seawater , including seawater intrusion , sea level induced groundwater level fluctuation, submarine groun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_hydrogeology |
Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion , and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. [ 1 ] Protection against rising sea levels in the 21st century is crucial, as sea level rise accelerates due to climate change . Changes in sea level damage beaches and coastal systems are expected to rise at a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_management |
Coastal sediment transport (a subset of sediment transport ) is the interaction of coastal land forms to various complex interactions of physical processes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The primary agent in coastal sediment transport is wave activity (see Wind wave ), followed by tides and storm surge (see Tide and Storm surge ), and n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_sediment_transport |
Coated fabrics are those that have undergone a coating procedure to become more functional and hold the added properties, such as cotton fabrics becoming impermeable or waterproof . Coated textiles are used in a variety of applications, including blackout curtains and the development of waterproof fabrics for raincoat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coated_fabrics |
Coated paper (also known as enamel paper , gloss paper , and thin paper [ 1 ] ) is paper that has been coated by a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite , calcium carbonat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coated_paper |
In mathematics , the Coates graph or Coates flow graph , named after C.L. Coates, is a graph associated with the Coates' method for the solution of a system of linear equations . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The Coates graph G c ( A ) associated with an n × n matrix A is an n -node, weighted, labeled, directed graph . The nodes, labe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coates_graph |
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate . [ 1 ] The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. [ 2 ] Coatings may be applied as liquids , gases or solids e.g. powder coatings .
Paints and lacquers are coatings that mostly have dual uses, which are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating |
In geometry , coaxial means that several three- dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis . The two-dimensional analog is concentric .
Common examples:
A coaxial cable has a wire conductor in the centre (D), a circumferential outer conductor (B), and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial |
Cobalamin biosynthesis is the process by which bacteria and archea make cobalamin , vitamin B 12 . Many steps are involved in converting aminolevulinic acid via uroporphyrinogen III and adenosylcobyric acid to the final forms in which it is used by enzymes in both the producing organisms and other species, including hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamin_biosynthesis |
iron chlorate
Cobalt(II) chlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Co(ClO 3 ) 2 . It is an oxidant , as are all chlorates.
Cobalt(II) chlorate is formed by a double displacement reaction between cobalt(II) sulfate and barium chlorate , barium sulfate precipitates and cobalt chlorate can be crystallized out of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_chlorate |
Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound , a salt of cobalt and chlorine , with the formula CoCl 2 . The compound forms several hydrates CoCl 2 · n H 2 O , for n = 1, 2, 6, and 9. Claims of the formation of tri- and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed. [ 4 ] The anhydrous form is a blue crystalline solid; the dih... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_chloride |
Cobalt nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Co (NO 3 ) 2 . xH 2 O. It is a cobalt (II) salt . The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. [ 2 ]
As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO 3 ) 2 , sever... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_nitrate |
Cobalt(II) sulfate is any of the inorganic compounds with the formula CoSO 4 (H 2 O) x . Usually cobalt sulfate refers to the hexa- or heptahydrates CoSO 4 . 6H 2 O or CoSO 4 . 7H 2 O, respectively. [ 1 ] The heptahydrate is a red solid that is soluble in water and methanol . Since cobalt(II) has an odd number of elec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_sulfate |
Cobalt(II) thiocyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula Co(SCN) 2 . [ 1 ] The anhydrous compound is a coordination polymer with a layered structure. The trihydrate , Co(SCN) 2 (H 2 O) 3 , is a isothiocyanate complex used in the cobalt thiocyanate test (or Scott test ) for detecting cocaine .
The structures of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_thiocyanate |
Cobalt(II)–porphyrin catalysis is a process in which a Co(II) porphyrin complex acts as a catalyst , inducing and accelerating a chemical reaction.
It is a compound in organic chemistry and free radical reactions that can involve homolysis . It is a one- electron catalytic approach for homolytic radical chemistry [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)–porphyrin_catalysis |
Cobalt(III) chloride or cobaltic chloride is an unstable and elusive compound of cobalt and chlorine with formula CoCl 3 . In this compound, the cobalt atoms have a formal charge of +3. [ 1 ]
The compound has been reported to exist in the gas phase at high temperatures, in equilibrium with cobalt(II) chloride and chlo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(III)_chloride |
Cobalt-60 ( 60 Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] : 39 It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors . Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope 59 Co . [ 5 ] Measurable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt-60 |
Cobalt extraction refers to the techniques used to extract cobalt from its ores and other compound ores. Several methods exist for the separation of cobalt from copper and nickel . They depend on the concentration of cobalt and the exact composition of the ore used.
The ores are treated by a sulfatizing roast in a flu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_extraction |
Cobalt is essential to the metabolism of all animals . It is a key constituent of cobalamin , also known as vitamin B 12 , the primary biological reservoir of cobalt as an ultratrace element . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Bacteria in the stomachs of ruminant animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B 12 , a compound which can only be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_in_biology |
Cobalt oleate is an organometallic compound with the formula Co ( C 18 H 33 O 2 ) 2 . When cobalt oleate is added to non-polar solvents , the viscosity rapidly increases, and then continues increasing over time. This unusual viscosity effect is caused by the formation of a weak coordination complex with the solvent mol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_oleate |
In materials and electric battery research, cobalt oxide nanoparticles usually refers to particles of cobalt(II,III) oxide Co 3 O 4 of nanometer size, with various shapes and crystal structures.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have potential applications in lithium-ion batteries [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and electronic gas sensors . [ 3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_oxide_nanoparticle |
Cobham's theorem is a theorem in combinatorics on words that has important connections with number theory , notably transcendental numbers , and automata theory . Informally, the theorem gives the condition for the members of a set S of natural numbers written in bases b 1 and base b 2 to be recognised by finite automa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobham's_theorem |
In materials science , Coble creep , a form of diffusion creep , is a mechanism for deformation of crystalline solids. Contrasted with other diffusional creep mechanisms, Coble creep is similar to Nabarro–Herring creep in that it is dominant at lower stress levels and higher temperatures than creep mechanisms utilizing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coble_creep |
The Coblentz Society is a non-profit scientific organization named after William Weber Coblentz which is involved in fostering the understanding and application of vibrational spectroscopy. The Society provides education, awards and recognitions enhancing the understanding of molecular (vibrational) spectroscopy . [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coblentz_Society |
A cobot , or collaborative robot , also known as a companion robot , is a robot intended for direct human-robot interaction within a shared space, or where humans and robots are in close proximity. Cobot applications contrast with traditional industrial robot applications in which robots are isolated from human contact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot |
Cobrowsing (short for collaborative browsing), in the context of web browsing , is the joint navigation through the World Wide Web by two or more people accessing the same web page at the same time. [ 1 ]
Early cobrowsing was achieved by local execution of software that had to be installed on the computer of each part... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobrowsing |
The Cobthorn Trust is a private non-profit trust in the United Kingdom that is dedicated to furthering conservation and preserving rare domestic animal breeds. [ 1 ]
The trust was formed in 1986 by its former director, Andrew Sheppy. Until his death in 2017, the trust was involved in the conservation of several rare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobthorn_Trust |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on Cocaine in free base form. More commonly available "powder cocaine" is a hydrochloride salt whose properties will differ.
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_(data_page) |
A cochlear implant ( CI ) is a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis that provides a person who has moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss with sound perception. With the help of therapy, cochlear implants may allow for improved speech understanding in both quiet and noisy environments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A CI bypasse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_implant |
In geometry , a cochleoid is a snail -shaped curve similar to a strophoid which can be represented by the polar equation
the Cartesian equation
or the parametric equations
The cochleoid is the inverse curve of Hippias' quadratrix . [ 1 ]
This geometry-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochleoid |
In statistics , Cochran's theorem , devised by William G. Cochran , [ 1 ] is a theorem used to justify results relating to the probability distributions of statistics that are used in the analysis of variance . [ 2 ]
If X 1 , ..., X n are independent normally distributed random variables with mean μ and standard devia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochran's_theorem |
A cockade is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a hat or cap . The word cockade derives from the French cocarde , from Old French coquarde , feminine of coquard (vain, arrogant), from coc (cock), of imitative origin. The earliest documented use wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockade |
Cocker's Arithmetick , also known by its full title "Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incomparable Art, As It Is Now Taught by the Ablest School-Masters in City and Country", is a grammar school mathematics textbook written by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocker's_Arithmetick |
Cockpit is a web-based remote administration software for Linux servers. Cockpit is free, open source software released under the GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1. Sponsored by Red Hat . By default, Cockpit listens on TCP port 9090.
Cockpit is available for Fedora Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux , CentOS , Debia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit_(software) |
The Cockpit display systems (or CDS) provides the visible (and audible) portion of the Human Machine Interface (HMI) by which aircrew manage the modern Glass cockpit and thus interface with the aircraft avionics .
Prior to the 1970s, cockpits did not typically use any electronic instruments or displays (see Glass cock... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit_display_system |
Cocooning , also known as the Cocoon Strategy , [ 1 ] is a vaccination strategy to protect infants and other vulnerable individuals from infectious diseases by vaccinating those in close contact with them. If the people most likely to transmit an infection are immune , their immunity creates a "cocoon" of protection ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocooning_(immunization) |
In materials science (specifically crystallography ), cocrystals are " solids that are crystalline , single- phase materials composed of two or more different molecular or ionic compounds generally in a stoichiometric ratio which are neither solvates nor simple salts ." [ 1 ] A broader definition is that cocrystals "co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocrystal |
In mathematics a cocycle is a closed cochain . Cocycles are used in algebraic topology to express obstructions (for example, to integrating a differential equation on a closed manifold ). They are likewise used in group cohomology . In autonomous dynamical systems , cocycles are used to describe particular kinds of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocycle |
Coda is a cloud-based multi-user document editor. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Coda is a document editor that uses features from spreadsheets, presentation documents, word processor files, and apps. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Possible uses for Coda documents include using them as a wiki, database, or project management tool. [ 5 ] Coda h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_(document_editor) |
In the mathematical field of differential geometry , a Codazzi tensor (named after Delfino Codazzi ) is a symmetric 2-tensor whose covariant derivative is also symmetric. Such tensors arise naturally in the study of Riemannian manifolds with harmonic curvature or harmonic Weyl tensor . In fact, existence of Codazzi ten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codazzi_tensor |
Codd's theorem states that relational algebra and the domain-independent relational calculus queries, two well-known foundational query languages for the relational model, are precisely equivalent in expressive power. That is, a database query can be formulated in one language if and only if it can be expressed in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codd's_theorem |
Code-excited linear prediction ( CELP ) is a linear predictive speech coding algorithm originally proposed by Manfred R. Schroeder and Bishnu S. Atal in 1985. At the time, it provided significantly better quality than existing low bit-rate algorithms, such as residual-excited linear prediction (RELP) and linear predict... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction |
CodePen is an online community for testing and showcasing user-created HTML , CSS and JavaScript code snippets. It functions as an online code editor and open-source learning environment, where developers can create code snippets, called "pens," and test them. It was founded in 2012 by full-stack developers Alex Vazque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CodePen |
Dorkbot is a family of malware worms that spreads through instant messaging , USB drives , websites or social media channels like Facebook . Code Shikara is a computer worm , related to the Dorkbot family, that attacks through social engineering . Particularly prevalent in 2015, Dorkbot-infected systems were variously ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Shikara |
The Code for Sustainable Homes was an environmental assessment method for rating and certifying the performance of new homes in United Kingdom . First introduced in 2006, it is a national standard for use in the design and construction of new homes with a view to encouraging continuous improvement in sustainable home b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_for_Sustainable_Homes |
Code page 1058 , HP PC-8DN, is a character encoding specified by IBM . [ 1 ] It is a close derivation of Code page 865 .
Characters are shown with their equivalent Unicode codes.
This computing article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_1058 |
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder . [ 4 ]
In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, [ 5 ] and hence is a type of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codec |
Coded Bias is an American documentary film directed by Shalini Kantayya that premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival . [ 1 ] The film includes contributions from researchers Joy Buolamwini , Deborah Raji , Meredith Broussard , Cathy O’Neil , Zeynep Tufekci , Safiya Noble , Timnit Gebru , Virginia Eubanks , and Sil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias |
The codenominator is a function that extends the Fibonacci sequence to the index set of positive rational numbers, Q + {\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} ^{+}} . Many known Fibonacci identities carry over to the codenominator. One can express Dyer's outer automorphism α {\displaystyle \alpha } of the extended modular group PG... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codenominator_function |
In mathematics , codimension is a basic geometric idea that applies to subspaces in vector spaces , to submanifolds in manifolds , and suitable subsets of algebraic varieties .
For affine and projective algebraic varieties , the codimension equals the height of the defining ideal . For this reason, the height of an id... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codimension |
Coding by exception is an accidental complexity in a software system in which the program handles specific errors that arise with unique exceptions. When an issue arises in a software system, an error is raised tracing the issue back to where it was caught and then where that problem came from, if applicable. Exception... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_by_exception |
In coding theory , telecommunications engineering and other related engineering problems, coding gain is the measure in the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels between the uncoded system and coded system required to reach the same bit error rate (BER) levels when used with the error correcting cod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_gain |
A coding interview , technical interview , programming interview or Microsoft interview is a technical problem-based job interview technique to assess applicants for a computer programming or software development position. Modern coding interview techniques were pioneered by Microsoft during the 1990s [ 1 ] and adopted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_interview |
The coding region of a gene , also known as the coding DNA sequence ( CDS ), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein . [ 1 ] Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_region |
When referring to DNA transcription , the coding strand (or informational strand [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil ). It is this strand which contains codons , while the non-coding strand contain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_strand |
Coding tree unit ( CTU ) is the basic processing unit of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video standard and conceptually corresponds in structure to macroblock units that were used in several previous video standards. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] CTU is also referred to as largest coding unit ( LCU ). [ 3 ]
A CTU can be betwee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_tree_unit |
In mathematics , a codomain , counter-domain , or set of destination of a function is a set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set Y in the notation f : X → Y . The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function.
A codomai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codomain |
The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) [ 1 ] is the most widespread technique for analyzing codon usage bias . As opposed to other measures of codon usage bias, such as the ' effective number of codons ' (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codon_Adaptation_Index |
Degeneracy or redundancy [ 1 ] of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code , exhibited as the multiplicity of three-base pair codon combinations that specify an amino acid. The degeneracy of the genetic code is what accounts for the existence of synonymous mutations . [ 2 ] : Chp 15
Degeneracy of the genetic code ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codon_degeneracy |
Codon reassignment is the biological process via which the way the genetic code of a cell is read is changed as a response to the environment. Typically codons , sets of three mRNA nucleotides, correspond to one specific amino acid . [ 1 ] Codon reassignment is the exception to this rule. When a codon is reassigned, it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codon_reassignment |
Codon usage bias refers to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA . A codon is a series of three nucleotides (a triplet) that encodes a specific amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain or for the termination of translation ( stop codons ).
There are 64 different codons (61 codo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codon_usage_bias |
In mathematics , a coefficient is a multiplicative factor involved in some term of a polynomial , a series , or any other type of expression . It may be a number without units , in which case it is known as a numerical factor . [ 1 ] It may also be a constant with units of measurement , in which it is known as a consta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient |
In linear algebra , a coefficient matrix is a matrix consisting of the coefficients of the variables in a set of linear equations . The matrix is used in solving systems of linear equations .
In general, a system with m linear equations and n unknowns can be written as
where x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_matrix |
In genetics, the coefficient of coincidence (c.o.c.) is a measure of interference in the formation of chromosomal crossovers during meiosis . It is generally the case that, if there is a crossover at one spot on a chromosome, this decreases the likelihood of a crossover in a nearby spot. [ 1 ] This is called interferen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_coincidence |
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length , area , or volume , changing its size and density , in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions ). [ 1 ] Substances usually contract with decreasing temperature ( thermal contraction ), with rare exceptions within limi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_linear_thermal_expansion |
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP ) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work (energy) required. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Higher COPs equate to higher efficiency, lower energy (power) consumption and thus lower operating costs. The COP i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_performance |
In physics, the coefficient of restitution ( COR , also denoted by e ), can be thought of as a measure of the elasticity of a collision between two bodies. It is a dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after a two-body collision to the relative velocity of approach before c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_restitution |
Coelenteramide is the oxidized product, or oxyluciferin , of the bioluminescent reactions in many marine organisms that use coelenterazine . It was first isolated as a blue fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria after the animals were stimulated to emit light. [ 2 ] Under basic conditions, the compound will break d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenteramide |
Coelenteramine is a metabolic product of the bioluminescent reactions in organisms that utilize coelenterazine . It was first isolated from Aequorea victoria along with coelenteramide after coelenterates were stimulated to emit light. [ 1 ]
This article about a heterocyclic compound is a stub . You can help Wikipedia ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenteramine |
Coelenterazine is a luciferin , a molecule that emits light after reaction with oxygen , found in many aquatic organisms across eight phyla . [ 1 ] It is the substrate of many luciferases such as Renilla reniformis luciferase (Rluc), Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), and photoproteins , including aequorin , and obelin . All t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterazine |
The Coelum Stellatum Christianum is a star atlas published in 1627 by Julius Schiller ( c. 1580–1627), with the collaboration of Johann Bayer (1572–1625). In the treatise, which was published by Andreas Aperger at Augsburg during the same year as Schiller's death, pagan constellations were replaced with biblical figure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelum_Stellatum_Christianum |
Coenzyme A ( CoA , SHCoA , CoASH ) is a coenzyme , notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids , and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle . All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate , and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester ) as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A |
Q 10 , CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ ˌ k juː ˈ t ɛ n /
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n / ) , also known as ubiquinone , is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat, fish, seed oils, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q10 |
The coenzyme Q : cytochrome c – oxidoreductase , sometimes called the cytochrome bc 1 complex , and at other times complex III , is the third complex in the electron transport chain ( EC 1.10.2.2 ), playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP ( oxidative phosphorylation ). Complex III is a multisubunit tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q_–_cytochrome_c_reductase |
Coercivity , also called the magnetic coercivity , coercive field or coercive force , is a measure of the ability of a ferromagnetic material to withstand an external magnetic field without becoming demagnetized . Coercivity is usually measured in oersted or ampere /meter units and is denoted H C .
An analogous proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercivity |
Coexistence theory is a framework to understand how competitor traits can maintain species diversity and stave-off competitive exclusion even among similar species living in ecologically similar environments. Coexistence theory explains the stable coexistence of species as an interaction between two opposing forces: fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coexistence_theory |
The external secant function (abbreviated exsecant , symbolized exsec ) is a trigonometric function defined in terms of the secant function:
exsec θ = sec θ − 1 = 1 cos θ − 1. {\displaystyle \operatorname {exsec} \theta =\sec \theta -1={\frac {1}{\cos \theta }}-1.}
It was introduced in 1855 by American civil en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coexsecant |
Cofactor engineering , a subset of metabolic engineering , is defined as the manipulation of the use of cofactors in an organism’s metabolic pathways . In cofactor engineering, the concentrations of cofactors are changed in order to maximize or minimize metabolic fluxes. This type of engineering can be used to optim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_engineering |
Cofetuzumab pelidotin ( INN ; [ 1 ] development code PF-06647020 ) is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate in development for the treatment of cancer. It was created by Stemcentrx and is being developed by Pfizer . [ 2 ] The drug is an anti- PTK7 monoclonal antibody linked to auristatin-0101 , an auristatin microtub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofetuzumab_pelidotin |
Coffee Joulies are small, stainless-steel capsules containing a phase-change material ; the capsules were designed to be placed in a cup of coffee in order to cool coffee that is too hot then slowly release the heat to keep the coffee warm. The company was founded by Dave Petrillo and Dave Jackson, mechanical engineers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Joulies |
In physics , a " coffee ring " is a pattern left by a puddle of particle-laden liquid after it evaporates . The phenomenon is named for the characteristic ring-like deposit along the perimeter of a spill of coffee . It is also commonly seen after spilling red wine. The mechanism behind the formation of these and simila... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_ring_effect |
In mathematics , a subset B ⊆ A {\displaystyle B\subseteq A} of a preordered set ( A , ≤ ) {\displaystyle (A,\leq )} is said to be cofinal or frequent [ 1 ] in A {\displaystyle A} if for every a ∈ A , {\displaystyle a\in A,} it is possible to find an element b {\displaystyle b} in B {\displaystyle B} that dominates a {... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofinal_(mathematics) |
In mathematics , especially in order theory , the cofinality cf( A ) of a partially ordered set A is the least of the cardinalities of the cofinal subsets of A . Formally, [ 1 ]
This definition of cofinality relies on the axiom of choice , as it uses the fact that every non-empty set of cardinal numbers has a least me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofinality |
Co-firing (or cofiring, also referred to as complementary firing or co-combustion ) is the combustion of two different fuels in the same combustion system. [ 1 ] Fuels can be solid fuels , liquid fuels or gaseous, and its source either fossil or renewable . [ 2 ] Therefore, use of heavy fuel oil assisting coal power st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofiring |
In mathematics , a function f is cofunction of a function g if f ( A ) = g ( B ) whenever A and B are complementary angles (pairs that sum to one right angle). [ 1 ] This definition typically applies to trigonometric functions . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The prefix "co-" can be found already in Edmund Gunter 's Canon triangulorum (1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofunction |
Cognitive bias in animals is a pattern of deviation in judgment, whereby inferences about other animals and situations may be affected by irrelevant information or emotional states. [ 1 ] It is sometimes said that animals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input. [ 2 ] In humans, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias_in_animals |
Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function . [ 1 ] It is based on the theoretical assumption that every organism —whether a single cell or multicellular —is continually engaged in systematic acts of cognition coupled with intentional behaviors, i.e., a sensory-motor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_biology |
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology . Qualitative differences between how a child... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_development |
Cognitive ecology is the study of cognitive phenomena within social and natural contexts. [ 1 ] It is an integrative perspective drawing from aspects of ecological psychology , cognitive science , evolutionary ecology and anthropology . Notions of domain-specific modules in the brain and the cognitive biases they creat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_ecology |
Cognitive geography is an interdisciplinary study of cognitive science and geography . It aims to understand how humans view space, place, and environment. It involves formalizing factors that influence our spatial cognition to create a more effective representation of space. These improved models assist in a variety o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_geography |
Cognitive hearing science is an interdisciplinary science field concerned with the physiological and cognitive basis of hearing and its interplay with signal processing in hearing aids . The field includes genetics , physiology , medical and technical audiology , cognitive neuroscience , cognitive psychology , linguist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_hearing_science |
A cognitive module in cognitive psychology is a specialized tool or sub-unit that can be used by other parts to resolve cognitive tasks. It is used in theories of the modularity of mind and the closely related society of mind theory and was developed by Jerry Fodor. It became better known throughout cognitive psycholog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_module |
A cognitive radio ( CR ) is a radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically to use the best channels in its vicinity to avoid user interference and congestion. Such a radio automatically detects available channels, then accordingly changes its transmission or reception parameters to allow more concurrent wire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_radio |
Cognitive systems engineering (CSE) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the intersection of people, work, and technology, with a particular focus on safety-critical systems . The central tenet of CSE is to treat collections of people and technologies as a single unified entity—called a joint cognitive system (J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_systems_engineering |
Cognitively Guided Instruction is "a professional development program based on an integrated program of research on (a) the development of students' mathematical thinking; (b) instruction that influences that development; (c) teachers' knowledge and beliefs that influence their instructional practice; and (d) the way t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitively_Guided_Instruction |
Cognized environment is a concept first introduced by the late anthropologist Roy Rappaport (1968), in contrast to what he called the operational environment (see Rappaport 1979:97-144, 1984:337-352). Rappaport was an ecological anthropologist , like Andrew P. Vayda , and wished to contrast the actual reality and adap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognized_environment |
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