Datasets:

atreydesai
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mmlu-aug-subset

question stringlengths 21 2.41k	choices_answer listlengths 1 1	choices_synthetic_conditioned_goldandstem listlengths 3 3	options listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values
A shop owner domiciled in State A sued a distributor in a federal district court in State A for breach of a contract. The shop owner sought $100,000 in damages for allegedly defective goods that the distributor had provided under the contract. The distributor is incorporated in State B, with its principal place of busi...	[ "No, because there is supplemental jurisdiction over the wholesaler's counterclaim." ]	[ "Yes, because the counterclaim arises from a different transaction than the main claim.", "Yes, because the amount in controversy for the counterclaim is less than $75,000.", "Yes, because the third-party defendant and the original plaintiff share State A citizenship." ]	[ "Yes, because the counterclaim arises from a different transaction than the main claim.", "Yes, because the third-party defendant and the original plaintiff share State A citizenship.", "No, because there is supplemental jurisdiction over the wholesaler's counterclaim.", "Yes, because the amount in controvers...	C
Research on explicit (intentional) and implicit (automatic) memory indicates that	[ "explicit memory capacity declines with age, but implicit memory capacity remains stable" ]	[ "age has no effect on either explicit or implicit memory capacities", "implicit memory capacity improves with age, while explicit memory remains stable", "implicit memory is only affected by age in individuals with memory disorders" ]	[ "implicit memory is only affected by age in individuals with memory disorders", "age has no effect on either explicit or implicit memory capacities", "implicit memory capacity improves with age, while explicit memory remains stable", "explicit memory capacity declines with age, but implicit memory capacity re...	D
The relationship of preadolescent siblings is best described as:	[ "close and conflictual." ]	[ "distant and harmonious.", "neglectful and uninvolved.", "affectionate and cooperative without conflict." ]	[ "affectionate and cooperative without conflict.", "neglectful and uninvolved.", "close and conflictual.", "distant and harmonious." ]	C
The ________ perspective on sustainability resulted from growth models that analysed the carrying capacity of the planet, overall concluding that the finite capacity of the earth and_______, ________ and _______ by current and past generations could reduce quality of life for future generations. This contrasts with the...	[ "Environmental, Underuse of resources, Overpopulation, Over pollution" ]	[ "Legal, Legislative delays, Renewable energy usage, Education gaps", "Cultural, Overconsumption, Loss of biodiversity, Rapid industrialization", "Institutional, Policy failures, Resource scarcity, Agricultural expansion" ]	[ "Cultural, Overconsumption, Loss of biodiversity, Rapid industrialization", "Legal, Legislative delays, Renewable energy usage, Education gaps", "Environmental, Underuse of resources, Overpopulation, Over pollution", "Institutional, Policy failures, Resource scarcity, Agricultural expansion" ]	C
A football team entered into a 10-year lease with a city for use of the city's athletic stadium. Five years into the lease, the team threatened to leave the stadium and move to another city. The city sued the team in federal court, seeking a permanent injunction to prevent the team from breaching its lease and leaving....	[ "The court should first hold a jury trial of the team's counterclaim, and then a nonjury trial of the issues remaining in the city's claim." ]	[ "The court should consolidate both the injunction and counterclaim and try all issues before a jury.", "The court should first hold a nonjury trial of the city's injunction claim, and then a jury trial on the team's counterclaim.", "The court should require arbitration for both the city's claim and the team's c...	[ "The court should first hold a jury trial of the team's counterclaim, and then a nonjury trial of the issues remaining in the city's claim.", "The court should require arbitration for both the city's claim and the team's counterclaim, since they arise from the same lease.", "The court should first hold a nonjur...	A
A well-established paper mill and a logging company signed a written contract in which the mill agreed to buy from the company all the logs the mill would need for one year. The company was unable to keep up with the mill's needs, and its log deliveries fell short by 10% to 15% in each of the four quarters of the year....	[ "$230,000.00" ]	[ "$250,000.00", "$215,000.00", "$227,000.00" ]	[ "$215,000.00", "$230,000.00", "$227,000.00", "$250,000.00" ]	B
Replacing supply chains with _______ enhances the importance of product _______as well as a fundamental redesign of every activity a firm engages in that produces _______.	[ "Supply loops, Recapture, Waste" ]	[ "Logistics systems, Customization, Profit", "Delivery grids, Diversification, Inventory", "Distribution networks, Innovation, Value" ]	[ "Supply loops, Recapture, Waste", "Distribution networks, Innovation, Value", "Logistics systems, Customization, Profit", "Delivery grids, Diversification, Inventory" ]	A
One morning, an employee arrived at work and found his boss passed out on the floor of his office. The employee determined that his boss was not breathing, immediately rendered CPR to his boss, and succeeded in reviving him. The employee then called the paramedics, who took the boss to the hospital. Two week later, the...	[ "Since the employee gratuitously rendered assistance to the boss, there was insufficient consideration to support the boss's subsequent promise to provide the employee with lifetime employment." ]	[ "The boss is legally required to grant lifetime employment to the employee based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.", "The employee's acceptance of the boss's gratitude created a contract for lifetime employment.", "The situation creates a quasi-contract that obligates the boss to provide reasonable compen...	[ "The employee's acceptance of the boss's gratitude created a contract for lifetime employment.", "The situation creates a quasi-contract that obligates the boss to provide reasonable compensation to the employee.", "The boss is legally required to grant lifetime employment to the employee based on the doctrine ...	D
In some circumstances, it is proposed chat heredity determines the timing and general nature of a behavior, bur thar environmental experiences at a critical time determine the specific stimulus-response connection which is learned. This form of learning is called	[ "imprinting" ]	[ "associative learning", "observational learning", "insight learning" ]	[ "associative learning", "imprinting", "insight learning", "observational learning" ]	B
A homeowner awoke one night and observed a thief stealing chickens from his backyard chicken coop. He thought he saw a gun but could not tell for sure. While the thief was exiting with a sack of chickens, the homeowner got his hunting rifle and shot him dead. The authorities charged the homeowner with homicide. At the ...	[ "No, because it is not reasonable to use deadly force to prevent the theft of the chickens." ]	[ "Yes, since the homeowner believed the thief might be armed.", "Yes, because any trespasser on private property forfeits legal protection.", "Yes, because the homeowner was defending property that was actively being stolen." ]	[ "Yes, because any trespasser on private property forfeits legal protection.", "No, because it is not reasonable to use deadly force to prevent the theft of the chickens.", "Yes, because the homeowner was defending property that was actively being stolen.", "Yes, since the homeowner believed the thief might be...	B
Congress recently enacted a statute that prohibits racial discrimination in the sale, transfer, or rental of real estate, either privately or publicly. Which of the following constitutional provisions would provide the best rationale for the enactment of this federal statute?	[ "The enforcement provision of Section 2 of the Thirteenth Amendment." ]	[ "The Tenth Amendment’s reservation of powers to the states.", "The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.", "The General Welfare Clause of Article I, Section 8." ]	[ "The enforcement provision of Section 2 of the Thirteenth Amendment.", "The General Welfare Clause of Article I, Section 8.", "The Tenth Amendment’s reservation of powers to the states.", "The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment." ]	A
A plaintiff sued an insurance company to recover life insurance proceeds. At trial, the issue before the court is the insured's correct date of birth. Which of the following is inadmissible if offered to prove the insured's correct date of birth?	[ "A sworn affidavit from the insured's brother verifying the insured's birth date." ]	[ "The insured’s baptismal record from the church where the ceremony took place.", "The insured’s passport, containing the date of birth as verified by the government.", "Military service records showing the insured’s date of birth as recorded upon enlistment." ]	[ "A sworn affidavit from the insured's brother verifying the insured's birth date.", "Military service records showing the insured’s date of birth as recorded upon enlistment.", "The insured’s passport, containing the date of birth as verified by the government.", "The insured’s baptismal record from the churc...	A
Lizette and her family watch the sunset over the ocean. While walking home in the increasing darkness, Lizette notices that she can no longer distinguish the colors of objects. Which of the following best explains why Lizette cannot see color in dim light?	[ "Cones, which are specialized for color vision, require more light to be activated, whereas rods, which produce images in black, white, and gray, allow for vision in dim light." ]	[ "The optical nerve stops transmitting color information to the brain when exposed to low light conditions.", "Melanin in the retina absorbs all colored light at night, leaving only grayscale perception.", "The brain suppresses color vision in darkness to conserve energy during nighttime hours." ]	[ "Melanin in the retina absorbs all colored light at night, leaving only grayscale perception.", "The brain suppresses color vision in darkness to conserve energy during nighttime hours.", "Cones, which are specialized for color vision, require more light to be activated, whereas rods, which produce images in bl...	C
Object relations therapy is similar to Freudian psychodynamic therapy in its primary focus on	[ "early childhood experiences" ]	[ "cultural and societal expectations", "physiological brain function", "adult relationship satisfaction" ]	[ "early childhood experiences", "adult relationship satisfaction", "physiological brain function", "cultural and societal expectations" ]	A
Tired after a long, hard day at school, Cyrus decides to take a nap. An hour later, his Dad wakes him to let him know it's time for dinner. Cyrus feels worse than when he went to bed and can hardly drag himself to the table. An EEG of Cyrus right before he was awoken would most likely have shown a preponderance of	[ "delta waves." ]	[ "beta waves.", "k-complexes.", "rapid eye movements." ]	[ "rapid eye movements.", "k-complexes.", "beta waves.", "delta waves." ]	D
_____________is an important element in the communication process. It recognizes that successful communications are more likely to be achieved if the source and the receiver understand each other.	[ "The realm of understanding." ]	[ "The encoding process", "The transmission model", "The attention span" ]	[ "The attention span", "The encoding process", "The realm of understanding.", "The transmission model" ]	C
The President announced that a newly created military rapid deployment force would be engaging in joint training exercises with the military forces in a foreign country. Following the President's announcement, Congress enacted a statute that unequivocally prohibited "the U. S. Armed Forces from conducting military exer...	[ "constitutional, because the President, in this instance, has not been called by Congress into actual service as Commander-in-Chief." ]	[ "unconstitutional, since the statute violates the separation of powers by interfering with executive discretion over military policy.", "constitutional, since the statute merely requires notification to Congress and does not impose an outright ban on military exercises.", "unconstitutional, because only the Pre...	[ "unconstitutional, since the statute violates the separation of powers by interfering with executive discretion over military policy.", "unconstitutional, because only the President can regulate the timing and scope of joint military exercises with foreign nations.", "constitutional, because the President, in t...	C
Dr. Carl Carlson is a licensed psychologist and professor in the psychology department at a large university. He is approached by a graduate student, Marla M., age 36, who asks him if he’d like to attend a baseball game on Friday night. Dr. Carlson is divorced and finds Marla to be a very attractive woman. In terms of ...	[ "acting ethically as long as Marla is a student in a department other than the psychology department and will not be taking any classes in the psychology department." ]	[ "acting unethically unless he ensures that another faculty member also attends the event.", "automatically in violation of the APA code of ethics by socializing with any student, regardless of circumstances.", "acting ethically only if Marla is no longer enrolled at the university in any capacity." ]	[ "acting ethically as long as Marla is a student in a department other than the psychology department and will not be taking any classes in the psychology department.", "acting unethically unless he ensures that another faculty member also attends the event.", "automatically in violation of the APA code of ethic...	A
A man suffered frostbite when he spilled a soft drink on his lap that he had purchased from a restaurant. The man sued the restaurant for negligence and damages. At trial, the man's attorney calls a witness to testify that the witness also suffered frostbite when she spilled a soft drink in her lap that she had purchas...	[ "admissible to prove that the restaurant should have been aware of the danger of frostbite posed by its soft drinks." ]	[ "inadmissible because the witness's experience is too remote in time.", "admissible only to prove that the plaintiff did not assume the risk.", "inadmissible because it concerns a different incident than the plaintiff's." ]	[ "inadmissible because the witness's experience is too remote in time.", "admissible only to prove that the plaintiff did not assume the risk.", "admissible to prove that the restaurant should have been aware of the danger of frostbite posed by its soft drinks.", "inadmissible because it concerns a different i...	C
A resident announced his candidacy for state representative. A law in the state requires new political entrants (regardless of party affiliation) to obtain three times the number of signatures as other candidates who have run for office previously. The resident, however, failed to obtain the necessary number of authent...	[ "The authenticating requirement was necessary to further a compelling state interest." ]	[ "The resident could have solicited signatures from any eligible voter in the state.", "The authenticating requirement helps to reduce printing costs for election materials.", "The resident was notified in advance about the number of signatures required." ]	[ "The authenticating requirement was necessary to further a compelling state interest.", "The resident was notified in advance about the number of signatures required.", "The authenticating requirement helps to reduce printing costs for election materials.", "The resident could have solicited signatures from a...	A
A city designed an economic development plan to foster downtown revitalization efforts. The city's agent got a commitment from a major business corporation to build a large research center in the targeted area, which would bring new jobs and increased tax revenue. The city brought eminent domain proceedings to free up ...	[ "The taking for economic development purposes is proper because developing the city's economy constitutes a public use." ]	[ "The Supreme Court will require the city to provide replacement homes to the nine property owners before allowing the taking.", "The taking for economic development is improper because economic revitalization is not an acceptable public purpose.", "The city’s use of eminent domain is prohibited by the Constitut...	[ "The taking for economic development purposes is proper because developing the city's economy constitutes a public use.", "The Supreme Court will require the city to provide replacement homes to the nine property owners before allowing the taking.", "The taking for economic development is improper because econo...	A
Which of the following is typically not a result of recognizing the importance of ethnic groups by marketers?	[ "Use of an undifferentiated one-size-fits-all marketing strategy." ]	[ "Use of language translation in promotional materials.", "Development of multicultural marketing campaigns.", "Partnerships with influencers from various ethnic communities." ]	[ "Partnerships with influencers from various ethnic communities.", "Use of language translation in promotional materials.", "Development of multicultural marketing campaigns.", "Use of an undifferentiated one-size-fits-all marketing strategy." ]	D
A screenwriter had just finished a screenplay for a romantic comedy. After reading the screenplay, a movie studio decided to option the screenplay for production. A lawyer for the movie studio negotiated an agreement with the screenwriter whereby the movie studio would pay the screenwriter $5,000 for the rights to the ...	[ "gratuitous assignment of future rights." ]	[ "revocable license to share in the movie rights.", "novation discharging the screenwriter’s obligations.", "modification of the original option agreement." ]	[ "novation discharging the screenwriter’s obligations.", "revocable license to share in the movie rights.", "gratuitous assignment of future rights.", "modification of the original option agreement." ]	C
Is the unlawful homicide committed by Minister of country X abroad an act jure imperii or jure gestionis?	[ "Such conduct is a private act (jure gestionis)" ]	[ "Such conduct is always immune from prosecution under diplomatic immunity", "Such conduct is subject to the principle of non-interference", "Such conduct falls under national self-defense" ]	[ "Such conduct falls under national self-defense", "Such conduct is a private act (jure gestionis)", "Such conduct is subject to the principle of non-interference", "Such conduct is always immune from prosecution under diplomatic immunity" ]	B
After learning that a new housing development was about to be built, a developer began looking for property near the housing development on which he could build a shopping center. After an extensive search, he purchased a three-acre undeveloped tract of land for the purpose of developing a small shopping center. At the...	[ "a condition precedent in form but subsequent in substance to the developer's duty to enter into a building construction contract." ]	[ "a waiver of any conditions related to the construction of the shopping center.", "a condition precedent in both form and substance to the developer's duty to enter into a building construction contract.", "an illusory promise that cannot be enforced by either party." ]	[ "a waiver of any conditions related to the construction of the shopping center.", "an illusory promise that cannot be enforced by either party.", "a condition precedent in form but subsequent in substance to the developer's duty to enter into a building construction contract.", "a condition precedent in both ...	C
A man hosted several friends at his home for dinner. Two of the guests got into an argument, and one of them got up from the table and lunged at the other with a large hunting knife. The host stepped in with a baseball bat and hit the attacker in the chest with it, preventing the imminent contact by the attacker with h...	[ "Yes, because the host had the privilege of \"defense of others.\"" ]	[ "Yes, because the host was the property owner and had absolute immunity.", "Yes, because the guest provoked the confrontation.", "No, because the host used excessive force under the circumstances." ]	[ "No, because the host used excessive force under the circumstances.", "Yes, because the guest provoked the confrontation.", "Yes, because the host was the property owner and had absolute immunity.", "Yes, because the host had the privilege of \"defense of others.\"" ]	D
In 1985, a widow, the undisputed owner of a cottage, leased it to a tenant for a term of seven years. Rent was to be paid in installments due on the first day of each month. One year later, in 1986, the widow died leaving no heirs. In her will, the widow left her entire estate to the Boy Scouts of America. The cottage ...	[ "the tenant subjectively believed that he no longer had permission to possess the cottage." ]	[ "the Boy Scouts of America became aware of their ownership in 2009.", "the widow died and the Boy Scouts of America became the new owner of the cottage.", "the seven-year lease expired." ]	[ "the widow died and the Boy Scouts of America became the new owner of the cottage.", "the Boy Scouts of America became aware of their ownership in 2009.", "the seven-year lease expired.", "the tenant subjectively believed that he no longer had permission to possess the cottage." ]	D
_______ theory can be described as a code of conduct to which all rational beings should adhere. This contrasts with ________ morality which is the code of conduct adopted by a particular group or society.	[ "Normative, Descriptive" ]	[ "Prescriptive, Contextual", "Universal, Relative", "Utilitarian, Communitarian" ]	[ "Prescriptive, Contextual", "Normative, Descriptive", "Universal, Relative", "Utilitarian, Communitarian" ]	B
After a wife found out about her husband's infidelity, she decided to have him killed. The defendant approached a hit man to solicit his assistance in carrying out the planned murder. Although the wife believed that he was a hit man, he was, in fact, an undercover agent. The wife told the undercovr agent she would pay ...	[ "guilty of solicitation." ]	[ "not guilty because no murder actually occurred.", "guilty of accomplice liability for attempted murder.", "not guilty because she withdrew from the plan before any payment was made." ]	[ "guilty of solicitation.", "not guilty because she withdrew from the plan before any payment was made.", "guilty of accomplice liability for attempted murder.", "not guilty because no murder actually occurred." ]	A
A truck driver from State A and a bus driver from State B were involved in a collision in State B that injured the truck driver. The truck driver filed a federal diversity action in State B based on negligence, seeking $100,000 in damages from the bus driver. What law of negligence should the court apply?	[ "The court should determine which state's negligence law a state court in State B would apply and apply that law in this action." ]	[ "The court should allow the jury to decide which state's negligence law to apply.", "The court should apply the law of the state in which the defendant resides.", "The court should apply State B’s negligence law without considering choice-of-law principles." ]	[ "The court should allow the jury to decide which state's negligence law to apply.", "The court should apply the law of the state in which the defendant resides.", "The court should determine which state's negligence law a state court in State B would apply and apply that law in this action.", "The court shoul...	C
In a large city littering is always a problem. The state anti-littering statute forbids throwing trash and other matter from any vehicle onto the public roads. It's a summary offense carrying a $50 fine and no imprisonment. On the third offense, the fine is $500 and there is a 5-day jail sentence. The statute does not ...	[ "No, because this is likely a strict liability law that does not provide for defenses based on mental state." ]	[ "No, because John would be civilly, but not criminally, liable for the incident.", "Yes, because the statute requires a showing of criminal intent, which John lacked.", "Yes, because the statute only applies to the person who physically throws the trash." ]	[ "No, because John would be civilly, but not criminally, liable for the incident.", "Yes, because the statute only applies to the person who physically throws the trash.", "Yes, because the statute requires a showing of criminal intent, which John lacked.", "No, because this is likely a strict liability law th...	D
The train operator understands customer desire for a comfortable seat but fails to specify how many should be provided relative to the anticipated number of travellers on each route. This is an example of:	[ "GAP 2-the gap between management perception and service-quality specification." ]	[ "Marketing myopia-lack of focus on customer needs.", "GAP 1-the gap between customer expectation and management perception.", "Moment of truth-critical point when customer evaluates the service." ]	[ "Marketing myopia-lack of focus on customer needs.", "GAP 1-the gap between customer expectation and management perception.", "Moment of truth-critical point when customer evaluates the service.", "GAP 2-the gap between management perception and service-quality specification." ]	D
A woman leased a condo from the owner for a period of one year. After six months, the owner gave the woman a written option to purchase the condo for $100,000 before the expiration of the lease. With the owner's approval, the woman spent $10,000 to have the kitchen remodeled to her personal specifications. One month be...	[ "After the woman paid to have the kitchen remodeled, an option contract resulted, because the owner knew the woman was relying on the offer to her detriment." ]	[ "The lease agreement between the woman and the owner automatically gave the woman a right to purchase the condo at the end of the lease term.", "The woman’s acceptance of the option after receiving revocation binds the owner to the sale.", "The woman’s status as a tenant under the lease entitled her to purchase...	[ "After the woman paid to have the kitchen remodeled, an option contract resulted, because the owner knew the woman was relying on the offer to her detriment.", "The woman’s acceptance of the option after receiving revocation binds the owner to the sale.", "The woman’s status as a tenant under the lease entitled...	A
During World War II, millions of Jews and other minorities were slaughtered because they were blamed for the financial and social problems of Germany. Such scapegoating illustrates	[ "displacement" ]	[ "rationalization", "sublimation", "identification" ]	[ "sublimation", "rationalization", "displacement", "identification" ]	C
A homeowner wished to have his house painted. He contacted a number of house painters in his area and asked them to submit bids to do the work. The homeowner received 10 bids. The first nine offered to paint the house for amounts ranging from $10,000 to $12,500. The 10th bid was sent by telegram and was supposed to be ...	[ "that the homeowner should have been aware of the mistaken transmission, because of the disparity between its bid and the others." ]	[ "that a contract cannot be formed until work actually commences on the house.", "that the acceptance was not communicated in the proper form.", "that all bids are revocable prior to acceptance by the homeowner." ]	[ "that all bids are revocable prior to acceptance by the homeowner.", "that a contract cannot be formed until work actually commences on the house.", "that the acceptance was not communicated in the proper form.", "that the homeowner should have been aware of the mistaken transmission, because of the disparity...	D
A woman was employed as a state trooper. Although the state provides both sexes with equal pay and benefits, the state has adopted a policy that prohibits the assignment of female officers to its special undercover narcotics division. This is a moderate risk position that sometimes involves violent encounters with drug...	[ "Judgment for the woman, because the facts asserted do not demonstrate that the particular classification contained in this policy is substantially related to the advancement of an important state interest." ]	[ "Judgment for the woman, because any gender-based employment classification is per se unconstitutional.", "Judgment for the woman, because the state's policy violates her due process rights.", "Judgment for the state, because providing equal pay and benefits to both sexes satisfies constitutional requirements."...	[ "Judgment for the woman, because any gender-based employment classification is per se unconstitutional.", "Judgment for the woman, because the facts asserted do not demonstrate that the particular classification contained in this policy is substantially related to the advancement of an important state interest.",...	B
Of what is individual freedom to schedule work an example?	[ "Job enrichment" ]	[ "Task analysis", "Job enlargement", "Workforce downsizing" ]	[ "Task analysis", "Workforce downsizing", "Job enrichment", "Job enlargement" ]	C
Individuals become completely immersed in their environment and actively participate so that they affect actual performances or occurrences in the environment. This is referred to as:	[ "Escapist realm." ]	[ "Reflective participation", "Interactive facilitation", "Experience sampling" ]	[ "Interactive facilitation", "Reflective participation", "Escapist realm.", "Experience sampling" ]	C
In 1993, a farmer had good record title to a farm in fee simple absolute. In 1994, the farmer delivered to his son, for a sum of $1,000, a deed signed by the farmer, naming the son and his heirs as grantee, and appearing valid on its face. The son neglected to record the deed. In 1998, an investor, aware of the existen...	[ "The professor." ]	[ "The investor.", "The son.", "The farmer." ]	[ "The son.", "The farmer.", "The professor.", "The investor." ]	C
A federal grand jury was investigating a corporation whose tanker ship had spilled crude oil into environmentally sensitive waters. The grand jury issued a subpoena requiring the corporation to produce all emails and internal documents regarding the corporation's knowledge of the risks of an oil spill. The corporation ...	[ "Yes, because a corporation has no Fifth Amendment privilege." ]	[ "Yes, only if the documents are relevant to the grand jury’s primary investigation.", "No, because corporations have the same constitutional protections as individuals.", "No, because the subpoena amounts to compulsory self-incrimination for the corporation." ]	[ "Yes, only if the documents are relevant to the grand jury’s primary investigation.", "No, because corporations have the same constitutional protections as individuals.", "No, because the subpoena amounts to compulsory self-incrimination for the corporation.", "Yes, because a corporation has no Fifth Amendmen...	D