| --- |
| license: cc-by-sa-4.0 |
| language: [hbo, arc, grc] |
| pretty_name: Clause columns for the Hebrew and Greek clause layouts |
| tags: [bible, hebrew, greek, clauses, rrg, discourse] |
| configs: |
| - config_name: hebrew |
| data_files: data/hebrew.parquet |
| - config_name: greek-nt |
| data_files: data/greek-nt.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # Clause columns (v1.0) |
|
|
| Grammar and discourse facts for every clause of the two bcv-commons clause layouts, keyed by their clause keys: the main verb and its |
| form, voice, stem and person; negation and its scope; force; quotation and speaker; the narrative line; actor and undergoer with the |
| verb's argument frame; subject and participant tracking; fronting and focus; and, for the Hebrew, the Septuagint's form of the verb. |
|
|
| | config | layout (pinned) | clauses | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `hebrew` | [bcv-commons/hebrew-clause-layout](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bcv-commons/hebrew-clause-layout) v0.37.1 (`32f89b71`, CC BY-SA 4.0) | 87,582 | |
| | `greek-nt` | [bcv-commons/greek-nt-clause-layout](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bcv-commons/greek-nt-clause-layout) v0.7 (`9168fac3`, CC BY 4.0) | 29,682 | |
|
|
| Join a row to its layout by `clause_key` (Hebrew `clause_key`; Greek `first`). Every clause of the layout has exactly one row. The |
| layouts' own columns (rule, relation, parent, depth and so on) are not copied here: read them from the layout. |
|
|
| ## What changed from the previous version |
|
|
| The previous table (revision `8a132e44`) was built by make-tanakh-research. This version is rebuilt by bcv-query from the |
| same free sources, under the same column names and value names, and research has agreed to retire its builder. Differences, all |
| measured in `checks.md` (the contract check against the previous table, which joins on every clause both ways): |
|
|
| - **Split clauses.** A Hebrew clause the layout splits into several segments (2,263 keys) is now read whole. The previous table read |
| its verb from one segment and its word order from another. Every other Hebrew difference comes from this. |
| - **Undergoer.** Both testaments now use the verb's frame (A1 inside the clause is overt, A1 elsewhere is implicit), with three new |
| values: `clause` (the verb's patient is a clause), `complement` (a word with an object role but no A1 in the frame: complements, |
| double and cognate objects, indefinite objects; in Hebrew also objects the frame misses) and, in `undergoer_basis`, what made each |
| undergoer present. Hebrew: an object with no frame A1 but with the object marker אֵת counts as overt (`role_o_et`). |
| - **Greek actor** reads the frame too, as the Hebrew does. |
| - **Force** is the layouts' own force codes. In the Greek a question covers the whole question within its quotation, so about 5% of |
| Greek clauses differ from the previous table. |
| - **Septuagint parse:** the parse of the form in its own GLAUx verse comes first (`lxx_basis`). |
| - **New columns:** `speaker_id`, `lxx_basis`, `undergoer_basis`; Greek `args`, `subj`, `subj_switch`. |
| - **Not carried any more:** `akt`, `akt_p`, `juss_p` (model answers, not source facts), `juncture` and `nexus` (to come with the clause |
| relation work), `heb_form` (built from a private alignment), `legal_future`, and the copies of layout columns (`last`, `rule`, |
| `relation`, `discourse`, `via`, `role`, `junction`, `parent`, `depth`). |
|
|
| ## Columns |
|
|
| | column | in | description | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `clause_key` | both | the layout's clause key (Hebrew `clause_key`, one row per key: a clause the layout splits into several segments is read whole; Greek: the segment's first word id, the layout's `first`) | |
| | `ref` | both | BOOK c:v.seg of the clause's first segment | |
| | `verb` | both | the main verb's word id (first finite verb; else participle / infinitive); null in a verbless clause | |
| | `conj` | both | Hebrew: qatal | wayyiqtol | yiqtol | weqatal | imperative | jussive | cohortative | ptc | ptc_pass | inf_c | inf_a; Greek: `<tense>_<mood>` | |
| | `voice` | both | active | passive | middle (Hebrew, from the stem) ; Greek: the verb's voice | |
| | `neg` | both | the negator's class: lo | al | en | bal | la | bilti (Hebrew), ou | me (Greek, with their compounds); null when none | |
| | `kind` | both | the layout's clause kind (VC verbal, NC nominal) | |
| | `force` | both | prohibitive | imperative | jussive | cohortative | hortatory | interrogative | declarative: the strongest of the layout's own force codes over the clause (fc.proh, fc.imp, fc.jus, fc.coh, fc.hort, fc.q); declarative when none | |
| | `interrog` | both | true when the clause carries the layout's question code (fc.q) | |
| | `person`, `number`, `gender` | both | the main verb's (1 2 3; s p d; m f c n); null where the form has none | |
| | `stem` | both | Hebrew / Aramaic stem of the verb (qal, niphal ... peal, aphel ...); Greek: null | |
| | `causative` | both | true for hiphil, hophal and the causative stems of both languages; Greek: false | |
| | `strong` | both | the verb's Strong's number | |
| | `speech` | both | Hebrew: the quotation level from bcv-commons/hebrew-speaker-layer (0 narration); Greek: 1 inside a quotation | |
| | `speaker` | both | Hebrew: the layer's speaker (the Hebrew lemma[s] of the words naming the speaker); Greek: the layout's speaker_id | |
| | `speaker_id` | hebrew | the layer's character id of the speaker (the ids the Greek layout also uses) | |
| | `frame` | hebrew | the speaker of a text that is speech from its first line (a psalm's psalmist), from the layer | |
| | `genre` | both | the book's genre (one code per book) | |
| | `line` | both | main | background | setting | speech | non-narrative: speech inside a quotation; setting when verbless; non-narrative outside the narrative books; else Hebrew main = wayyiqtol, Greek main = aorist or present indicative at depth 0 | |
| | `actor` | both | overt | implicit | none: the verb's frame A0 inside the clause (overt), named elsewhere or carried by the verb (implicit); Greek also the tree role s | |
| | `undergoer` | both | overt | clause | complement | implicit | none, see below | |
| | `undergoer_basis` | both | what made the undergoer present: np_a1 | single_word_o | a1_other | passive_subject | clause | role_o_et (Hebrew) | role_o_without_a1; empty for implicit and none | |
| | `args` | both | the verb frame's argument labels in order (A0+A1+A2 ...) | |
| | `subj` | both | the subject's referent word id(s): MACULA's subjref of the verb, else the A0's referent, else the A0 word | |
| | `subj_switch` | both | same | switch | first | none, by referent, against the previous clause with a subject in the chapter | |
| | `lxx_form` | hebrew | the Septuagint form MACULA Hebrew gives for the clause's verb | |
| | `lxx_tense`, `lxx_mood` | hebrew | that form's tense and mood: its GLAUx parse in the same verse when found there, else the commonest GLAUx parse of the form | |
| | `lxx_basis` | hebrew | verse | form: which of the two gave lxx_tense / lxx_mood | |
| | `neg_scope` | both | verb (the negator right before a verb) | constituent | none | |
| | `subj_form` | both | noun | pronoun | zero | none | |
| | `part` | both | the subject's participant: what its reference chain resolves to (Hebrew: Strong's number; Greek: lemma) | |
| | `part_switch` | both | same | switch | first | none, by participant, against the previous clause with one in the chapter | |
| | `front` | both | the role of the first constituent before the verb; '' when the verb comes first; verbless | |
| | `focus` | both | sentence (presentational) | narrow (a fronted non-subject) | topic (a fronted subject) | predicate | |
| | `m_trans` | both | number of macroroles in the verb's frame: 2 (A0 and A1), 1, 0 | |
| | `subj_role` | both | actor | undergoer | other | none: the subject's macrorole | |
| | `recip` | both | 1 when the frame has an A2 | |
|
|
| ### Undergoer |
|
|
| | value | meaning | Hebrew | Greek NT | |
| |---|---|---|---| |
| | `overt` | a patient inside the clause (the frame's A1, or an object with אֵת) | 23,993 | 8,124 | |
| | `clause` | every A1 of the verb lies under an object clause | 1,396 | 3,425 | |
| | `complement` | an object-role word with no A1 in the frame | 8,650 | 3,168 | |
| | `implicit` | the frame's A1 is named outside the clause | 3,211 | 1,479 | |
| | `none` | no patient | 50,332 | 13,486 | |
|
|
| MACULA calls its Hebrew frames tentative and they list fewer patients than the Greek ones, so Hebrew `complement` includes real |
| objects the frame misses. A second human analysis (used for figures only) finds a patient for 0.75 of Greek `overt` clauses, 0.61 of |
| `clause`, 0.34 of `complement` and 0.29 of `none`. |
|
|
| ## How it was made, and how far to trust it |
|
|
| Built by code (`shoresh/macula/build_clause_columns.py` in bcv-query, contract check `clause_columns_contract.py`) from: |
| MACULA Hebrew (WLC) and MACULA Greek (Nestle 1904) with their trees, frames and references (CC BY 4.0); the two layouts; |
| bcv-commons/hebrew-speaker-layer (CC BY 4.0); and GLAUx's Septuagint parses (CC BY-SA 4.0; only `lxx_tense` and `lxx_mood`). Nothing |
| comes from BHSA or TBTA, and no English text is used as evidence. Every value is a rule's output; no column was checked by hand |
| row by row. A human review of samples is planned for later and will be reported here. |
|
|
| ## Licence |
|
|
| CC BY-SA 4.0: the Hebrew layout's clause keys are CC BY-SA 4.0, and so are GLAUx's parses. Credit: MACULA (Clear Bible / Biblica), |
| GLAUx (KU Leuven, Alek Keersmaekers), bcv-commons (the layouts, the speaker layer), make-tanakh-research (the column design and |
| the previous version), and this dataset. |
|
|
