| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| pretty_name: trace-bench |
| viewer: false |
| tags: [causal-discovery, root-cause-analysis, microservices, synthetic, benchmark] |
| --- |
| |
| # trace-bench v0.4.0 |
|
|
| ## Executive summary |
|
|
| Each named instance simulates a SaaS system at one of five sizes. A |
| backend-for-frontend (BFF) gateway sits in front of the backend services, and |
| every instance also has one external service. The table below gives each |
| instance's size, as set in `configs/instances/<instance>.yaml`. |
|
|
| | instance | services | endpoints / service | backend endpoints | BFF endpoints | scenarios | clients | simulated time | where it runs | |
| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |
| | xs | 3 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 1 hour | local (test fixture) | |
| | s | 10 | 5 | 50 | 8 | 4 | 200 | 1 day | local | |
| | m | 50 | 10 | 500 | 20 | 8 | 2,000 | 2 days | local | |
| | l | 150 | 10 | 1,500 | 30 | 12 | 6,000 | 3 days | local | |
| | xl | 350 | 12 | 4,200 | 60 | 20 | 20,000 | 5 days | cloud only | |
|
|
| ## About |
|
|
| A simulated microservice trace benchmark with ground-truth causal graphs. |
| Each named instance ships a raw heterogeneous log feed (no parent pointers), |
| the correlated sequence views, the mechanism graph that generated the data |
| (latent state variables flagged), its latent projection over |
| `(operation, outcome)` tokens as the scoring target, the deployment call |
| topology as a candidate structural prior, injected-fault labels and the |
| oracle linkage that makes correlation loss a measured quantity. Every corpus |
| is wholly synthetic and reproduces byte-identically from its configuration, |
| seed, tool version and constants version (see each `manifest.json`). |
|
|
| Three variants per instance and seed, one simulation. `latent`: no state |
| variable is observable. `twin`: every latent value is written onto the records |
| it influenced, with a state-change log; its target is a DAG over event and state |
| tokens. `metrics`: the latent corpus plus a method-readable channel `metrics/` |
| of 30-second categorical time series of traffic intensity, per-service load and |
| pool state and per-endpoint health — what a real cluster exports — while cache |
| contents and per-session network and auth state stay hidden; it is derived from |
| the latent corpus of the same seed (`manifest.derived_from`), and its target is |
| the partial projection: state tokens of the exposed groups as sources, bidirected |
| edges only through the hidden groups. The score gap across the three isolates |
| what each degree of observability costs a method. |
|
|
| Generator (MIT): https://github.com/alex-chadyuk/trace-bench — tool version 0.3.0, 0.4.0. |
| Corpus licence: CC BY 4.0. Fitted realism constants: 1. |
| Machine-readable metadata: `croissant.json` at the repository root (Croissant 1.0; every file class as a file set, the tabular files as record sets; validated with `mlcroissant`). |
|
|
| | instance | variant | seed | exposed / hidden latent groups | alphabet (realized, train) | mechanism nodes | directed / bidirected at floor | edges on a Monte-Carlo estimate (max SE) | |
| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |
| | l | latent | 0 | none / all | 7435 | 8382 | 73837 / 50291 | 0 / 23984 (0.002499367) | |
| | l | latent | 1 | none / all | 7513 | 8382 | 73107 / 58068 | 0 / 23703 (0.002497846) | |
| | l | latent | 2 | none / all | 7533 | 8382 | 72764 / 60578 | 0 / 24375 (0.002487043) | |
| | l | latent | 3 | none / all | 7477 | 8382 | 68885 / 56822 | 0 / 24311 (0.002447562) | |
| | l | latent | 4 | none / all | 7430 | 8382 | 71266 / 58899 | 0 / 24374 (0.002498424) | |
| | l | metrics | 0 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 7435 | 8382 | 96939 / 1085 | 9 / 4571 (0.002499367) | |
| | l | metrics | 1 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 7513 | 8382 | 96153 / 2506 | 9 / 3988 (0.002497846) | |
| | l | metrics | 2 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 7533 | 8382 | 96129 / 1772 | 9 / 3861 (0.002487043) | |
| | l | metrics | 3 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 7477 | 8382 | 92252 / 1361 | 9 / 4275 (0.002447562) | |
| | l | metrics | 4 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 7430 | 8382 | 94403 / 1755 | 9 / 4232 (0.002498424) | |
| | l | twin | 0 | all / none | 7435 | 8382 | 98678 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002499133) | |
| | l | twin | 1 | all / none | 7513 | 8382 | 98141 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002497846) | |
| | l | twin | 2 | all / none | 7533 | 8382 | 97944 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002487043) | |
| | l | twin | 3 | all / none | 7477 | 8382 | 93963 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002447562) | |
| | l | twin | 4 | all / none | 7430 | 8382 | 96285 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002476752) | |
| | m | latent | 0 | none / all | 2644 | 2942 | 24639 / 11878 | 0 / 6879 (0.002495237) | |
| | m | latent | 1 | none / all | 2650 | 2942 | 24205 / 14597 | 0 / 7149 (0.001746237) | |
| | m | latent | 2 | none / all | 2654 | 2942 | 25758 / 13387 | 0 / 8588 (0.002343441) | |
| | m | latent | 3 | none / all | 2650 | 2942 | 24527 / 13172 | 0 / 7231 (0.001926874) | |
| | m | latent | 4 | none / all | 2653 | 2942 | 26436 / 14993 | 0 / 27761 (0.002130168) | |
| | m | metrics | 0 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 2644 | 2942 | 32442 / 666 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | metrics | 1 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 2650 | 2942 | 32126 / 1010 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | metrics | 2 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 2654 | 2942 | 33703 / 470 | 0 / 1688 (0.0) | |
| | m | metrics | 3 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 2650 | 2942 | 32415 / 609 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | metrics | 4 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 2653 | 2942 | 34390 / 878 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | twin | 0 | all / none | 2644 | 2942 | 33265 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | twin | 1 | all / none | 2650 | 2942 | 32952 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | twin | 2 | all / none | 2654 | 2942 | 34420 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | twin | 3 | all / none | 2650 | 2942 | 33207 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | m | twin | 4 | all / none | 2653 | 2942 | 35209 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | latent | 0 | none / all | 322 | 430 | 2064 / 796 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | latent | 1 | none / all | 322 | 430 | 2545 / 859 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | latent | 2 | none / all | 322 | 430 | 2555 / 851 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | latent | 3 | none / all | 322 | 430 | 2517 / 791 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | latent | 4 | none / all | 322 | 430 | 2576 / 997 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | metrics | 0 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 322 | 430 | 2930 / 68 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | metrics | 1 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 322 | 430 | 3427 / 268 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | metrics | 2 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 322 | 430 | 3436 / 109 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | metrics | 3 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 322 | 430 | 3393 / 48 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | metrics | 4 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 322 | 430 | 3461 / 69 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | twin | 0 | all / none | 322 | 430 | 3114 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | twin | 1 | all / none | 322 | 430 | 3655 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | twin | 2 | all / none | 322 | 430 | 3646 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | twin | 3 | all / none | 322 | 430 | 3559 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | s | twin | 4 | all / none | 322 | 430 | 3649 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xl | latent | 0 | none / all | 19677 | 22772 | 198148 / 181365 | 0 / 63115 (0.002396905) | |
| | xl | latent | 1 | none / all | 19772 | 22772 | 197410 / 201988 | 0 / 64834 (0.002407846) | |
| | xl | latent | 2 | none / all | 19873 | 22772 | 193085 / 204374 | 0 / 64891 (0.001854232) | |
| | xl | latent | 3 | none / all | 19788 | 22772 | 193375 / 203924 | 0 / 63779 (0.002499959) | |
| | xl | latent | 4 | none / all | 19713 | 22772 | 192821 / 208923 | 0 / 64139 (0.002360767) | |
| | xl | metrics | 0 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 19677 | 22772 | 263307 / 2900 | 9 / 10894 (0.002396905) | |
| | xl | metrics | 1 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 19772 | 22772 | 262500 / 3458 | 9 / 10339 (0.002407846) | |
| | xl | metrics | 2 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 19873 | 22772 | 257880 / 3672 | 9 / 10135 (0.001854232) | |
| | xl | metrics | 3 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 19788 | 22772 | 258758 / 3066 | 9 / 9943 (0.002499959) | |
| | xl | metrics | 4 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 19713 | 22772 | 257847 / 3447 | 9 / 9798 (0.002360767) | |
| | xl | twin | 0 | all / none | 19677 | 22772 | 267210 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002396905) | |
| | xl | twin | 1 | all / none | 19772 | 22772 | 266771 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002407251) | |
| | xl | twin | 2 | all / none | 19873 | 22772 | 262139 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.001852761) | |
| | xl | twin | 3 | all / none | 19788 | 22772 | 262667 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002488808) | |
| | xl | twin | 4 | all / none | 19713 | 22772 | 261924 / 0 | 6 / 0 (0.002360767) | |
| | xs | latent | 0 | none / all | 78 | 128 | 453 / 111 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | latent | 1 | none / all | 77 | 128 | 479 / 107 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | latent | 2 | none / all | 76 | 128 | 410 / 120 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | latent | 3 | none / all | 79 | 128 | 241 / 185 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | latent | 4 | none / all | 79 | 128 | 434 / 165 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | metrics | 0 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 78 | 128 | 654 / 6 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | metrics | 1 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 77 | 128 | 677 / 20 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | metrics | 2 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 76 | 128 | 601 / 14 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | metrics | 3 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 79 | 128 | 445 / 6 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | metrics | 4 | health, intensity, load, pool / auth, cache, net | 79 | 128 | 644 / 43 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | twin | 0 | all / none | 78 | 128 | 720 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | twin | 1 | all / none | 77 | 128 | 743 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | twin | 2 | all / none | 76 | 128 | 664 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | twin | 3 | all / none | 79 | 128 | 506 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
| | xs | twin | 4 | all / none | 79 | 128 | 716 / 0 | 0 / 0 (0.0) | |
|
|
| To score a method: read only `raw/`, `views/` and (metrics variant) `metrics/`; |
| score against `graphs/scoring-target.json` (request grain) with |
| `python -m tracebench.score`. |
|
|
| Scoring-target strengths are exact marginalisations of the mechanism, except |
| where the exact frontier of one (source, destination) chain exceeds the tool's |
| particle cap: those effects are counter-keyed Monte-Carlo estimates with common |
| random numbers (the sample count and the largest standard error are recorded |
| per edge as `mc: {n, se}` and per target as `n_effects_mc` / `mc_se_max`). |
| The last column counts the request-grain edges that carry the flag; a reader |
| who wants only exact strengths can drop them. The scorer reads strengths only. |
|
|
| The dataset viewer is disabled: a corpus is a tree of gzipped JSON lines and |
| parquet files with several schemas, not one table. |
|
|
