README.md

---
pretty_name: CommonLID
annotations_creators: 
 - expert-generated
 - crowdsourced
language_creators: 
- found
multilinguality: 
- multilingual
task_categories:
- text-classification
tags:
- text
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
license: other
license_name: common-crawl-tou
license_link: https://commoncrawl.org/terms-of-use
extra_gated_heading: Protecting the integrity of CommonLID for evaluation
extra_gated_fields:
  I am aware that CommonLID is intended for use as an evaluation dataset: checkbox
  I agree not to re-host CommonLID in places where it could be picked up by web crawlers: checkbox
  If I evaluate using CommonLID, I will ensure that its contents are not in the training data: checkbox
language:
- ace
- acf
- aeb
- afr
- amh
- apd
- ara
- arb
- arg
- ars
- ary
- arz
- asm
- aze
- azj
- bak
- bcl
- ben
- bik
- bre
- bul
- cat
- ces
- cmn
- crh
- deu
- ell
- eng
- est
- ext
- fas
- fil
- fin
- fra
- fro
- fry
- fuv
- gaz
- gcf
- gcr
- gla
- gle
- gom
- grc
- gug
- guj
- guw
- hau
- hbo
- heb
- hin
- ibo
- ind
- ita
- jav
- jpn
- kab
- kan
- kik
- kor
- lat
- lav
- lij
- lin
- ltg
- lug
- lvs
- mal
- mar
- mlg
- msa
- nld
- nso
- nyn
- oci
- orm
- ory
- pan
- pcm
- pol
- por
- rcf
- rus
- san
- sna
- sot
- spa
- swa
- swh
- tam
- tat
- tel
- tgl
- tha
- tuk
- tur
- ukr
- urd
- uzb
- uzs
- vec
- vie
- wuu
- xho
- yor
- yue
- zho
- zsm
- zul
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: data/*.jsonl

---

# CommonLID

**CommonLID** is a community-created language identification (LID) benchmark. CommonLID consists of web text manually annotated for the language that it is written in. CommonLID contains annotations for 109 languages, where 78 of those languages have at least 100 lines of data.
The number of lines available for each language is provided in Appendix A of the [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1527/).

![Map of the 109 languages in CommonLID. Dot size corresponds to the number of annotated lines for that language.](img/wmdqs_map.png)

## Dataset construction details

Method details are in our paper: [CommonLID: Re-evaluating State-of-the-Art Language Identification Performance on Web Data (2026)](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1527/).
CommonLID was created as part of a shared task at the [Workshop on Multilingual Data Quality Signals (WMDQS)](https://wmdqs.org/) at COLM 2025.
We invited members of the community to help annotate web data in their languages. Native speakers created line-level LID annotations for over 350,000 lines of web data.
Annotations were validated by an expert NLP researcher, familiar with several different writing systems.

All contributors who annotated at least 100 documents (or all of the documents available in their language, if there were fewer than 100 documents available) were invited to be authors on the dataset and the paper.

## Comparison with Other LID Datasets

CommonLID proves to be a more challenging LID dataset than existing ones. Most models perform worse on CommonLID than other datasets. This suggests that current evaluation datasets may *overestimate* LID performance in the web domain.

![Macro-averaged F1 scores achieved by tested models on the evaluation sets. Scores are calculated over the whole dataset *all* and on the subset of language varieties covered by the model *(cov.)*. Count of languages in the evaluation set covered by the model in parentheses, highest score per column in **bold**.](img/commonlid_results.png)

## License

CommonLID is composed of data sampled from the [CC-MAIN-2024-22](https://data.commoncrawl.org/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/index.html) and [CC-MAIN-2025-05](https://data.commoncrawl.org/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2025-05/index.html) crawls from Common Crawl, as well as [MADLAD-400](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/MADLAD-400) which is a dataset derived from Common Crawl. As such CommonLID is released under the [Common Crawl Terms of Use](https://commoncrawl.org/terms-of-use).
CommonLID is intended for evaluation only, so please do not use it to train LID models or other AI models. Please do not re-host CommonLID in places where it could be picked up by web crawlers
CommonLID is a research dataset, so if you use it in your research, we kindly ask you to cite our work using the citation information provided below in the Citation section.

## Considerations for Using the Data

CommonLID is intended as a domain-specific evaluation for LID models for web data curation.

## Limitations

CommonLID only includes data for a small subset of the world's languages and the amount of data available for each language is not the same for each class. Please see the [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1527/) for our recommendations about how to conduct fair evaluation and cross-model comparisons.

The data in CommonLID is sourced from unfiltered web data and may contain offensive, harmful, or NSFW content.

## Citation

```text
@inproceedings{suarez-etal-2026-commonlid,
    title = "{C}ommon{LID}: Re-evaluating State-of-the-Art Language Identification Performance on Web Data",
    author = "Suarez, Pedro Ortiz  and
      Burchell, Laurie  and
      Arnett, Catherine  and
      Mosquera, Rafael  and
      Monsalve, Sara Hincapi{\'e}  and
      Vaughan, Thom  and
      Stewart, Damian  and
      Ostendorff, Malte  and
      Abdulmumin, Idris  and
      Marivate, Vukosi  and
      Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan  and
      Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo  and
      Al-Khalifa, Hend  and
      Hammouda, Nadia Ghezaiel  and
      Otiende, Verrah Akinyi  and
      Wong, Tack Hwa  and
      Saydaliev, Jakhongir  and
      Nobakhtian, Melika  and
      Habibi, Muhammad Ravi Shulthan  and
      Kranti, Chalamalasetti  and
      Muchemi, Carol  and
      Nguyen, Khang  and
      Adam, Faisal Muhammad  and
      Salim, Luis Frentzen  and
      Alqifari, Reem  and
      Amol, Cynthia Jayne  and
      Imperial, Joseph Marvin  and
      Kesen, Ilker  and
      Mustafid, Ahmad  and
      Stepachev, Pavel  and
      Choshen, Leshem  and
      Anugraha, David  and
      Nayel, Hamada  and
      Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      Alexandra Putra, Vallerie  and
      Nguyen, My Chiffon  and
      Wasi, Azmine Toushik  and
      Vadithya, Gouthami  and
      Van Der Goot, Rob  and
      C{'}horr, Lanwenn ar  and
      Dua, Karan  and
      Yates, Andrew  and
      Bangera, Mithil  and
      Bangera, Yeshil  and
      Patel, Hitesh Laxmichand  and
      Okabe, Shu  and
      Ilasariya, Fenal Ashokbhai  and
      Gaynullin, Dmitry  and
      Winata, Genta Indra  and
      Li, Yiyuan  and
      Mart{\'i}nez, Juan Pablo  and
      Agarwal, Amit  and
      Hanif, Ikhlasul Akmal  and
      Ahmad, Raia Abu  and
      Adenuga, Esther  and
      Tjiaranata, Filbert Aurelian  and
      Buaphet, Weerayut  and
      Anugraha, Michael  and
      Vajjala, Sowmya  and
      Rice, Benjamin L  and
      Amirudin, Azril Hafizi  and
      Alabi, Jesujoba Oluwadara  and
      Panda, Srikant  and
      Toughrai, Yassine  and
      Kyomuhendo, Bruhan  and
      Ruffinelli, Daniel  and
      Akshata  and
      Goul{\~a}o, Manuel  and
      Zhou, Ej  and
      Ramirez, Ingrid Gabriela Franco  and
      Aggazzotti, Cristina  and
      Dobler, Konstantin  and
      Kevin, Jun  and
      Pag{\`e}s, Quentin  and
      Andrews, Nicholas  and
      Ibrahim, Nuhu  and
      Ruckdeschel, Mattes  and
      Keleg, Amr  and
      Zhang, Mike  and
      Muziri, Casper Rufaro  and
      Samuel, Saron  and
      Takeshita, Sotaro  and
      Kerdthaisong, Kun  and
      Foppiano, Luca  and
      Dent, Rasul  and
      Green, Tommaso  and
      Wali, Ahmad Mustapha  and
      Makaaka, Kamohelo  and
      Feliren, Vicky  and
      Idris, Inshirah  and
      Celikkanat, Hande  and
      Abubakar, Abdulhamid  and
      Maillard, Jean  and
      Sagot, Beno{\^i}t  and
      Cl{\'e}rice, Thibault  and
      Murray, Kenton  and
      Luger, Sarah K. K.",
    editor = "Liakata, Maria  and
      Moreira, Viviane P.  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Jurgens, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California, United States",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1527/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1527",
    pages = "33063--33080",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-390-6"
}
```

## Acknowledgments

CommonLID was created in partnership with the Common Crawl Foundation, ML Commons, EleutherAI, and Johns Hopkins University.

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