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Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    ValueError
Message:      Expected object or value
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 290, in _generate_tables
                  pa_table = paj.read_json(
                      io.BytesIO(batch), read_options=paj.ReadOptions(block_size=block_size)
                  )
                File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 364, in pyarrow._json.read_json
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
                  raise convert_status(status)
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Column(/rows/[]/identity/decimals) changed from string to number in row 0
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2951, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2461, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2486, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 547, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 430, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 304, in _generate_tables
                  batch = json_encode_fields_in_json_lines(original_batch, json_field_paths)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 111, in json_encode_fields_in_json_lines
                  examples = [ujson_loads(line) for line in original_batch.splitlines()]
                              ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 20, in ujson_loads
                  return pd.io.json.ujson_loads(*args, **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
              ValueError: Expected object or value

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Cross-ledger supply — 2026-09-25

Question. For a token its issuer says lives on several ledgers: does each deployment the issuer itself lists resolve as that token, and what supply (totalSupply() or the ledger's equivalent) does each ledger's own state show? Published by the Council of AI (CSOAI), an independent measurement layer. We measure; we never certify. No institution named here is a client, partner or member of anything of ours.

What it is NOT

An on-chain supply read is not AUM, NAV, ownership, redeemability, fund compliance, settlement finality, reserves or backing. It is the ledger's totalSupply() (or equivalent) at a recorded height on one ledger, which includes any tokens the issuer itself holds; it is not issued or circulating supply. It must be reconciled against the controlling record (a fund's transfer-agent register, a bank's deposit ledger); no such reconciliation exists here, and every record says so (reconciliation_state, e.g. UNRECONCILED_WITH_TRANSFER_AGENT). An issuer's own figure is kept in a separate issuer_reported block, never merged with measured supply — the issuer's statement is the claim, not the evidence.

Method

  1. Deployment list only from the issuer's own public page (URL, fetched_at, sha256 of the bytes in each record). If no issuer-published list exists: ISSUER_LIST_UNAVAILABLE, nothing read (explorer/aggregator addresses are not issuer lists). If the issuer says the token lives on a private ledger: PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE, with the issuer's sentence.
  2. Each deployment is read from its ledger's public endpoints. EVM: the totalSupply storage slot is found empirically over a declared candidate set (slots 0..64 + the OpenZeppelin ERC-7201 ERC20 namespace), proven with eth_getProof and verified in the reader against the stateRoot of a block whose hash the reader recomputes from the header fields. Stellar, Solana, Aptos, Sui, XRPL, Hedera: operator APIs, with a second independent operator where a keyless one exists.
  3. Identity: the on-ledger symbol / asset code / metadata symbol must equal the product ticker the issuer page names, else REJECTED and no supply is counted.
  4. Sums per product and per evidence kind only. Products on one issuer page (BENJI, iBENJI, gBENJI, …) are different instruments and are never added.

Evidence ladder

kind meaning
STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED Merkle proof verified here against the stateRoot of a header whose hash was recomputed here; proven value == API value. Header not checked against consensus; an L2 header is not checked against L1.
STATE_PROOF_RECORDED proof kept but not fully verified (failed, or the header hash could not be recomputed for that chain's header format); reason in the row
OPERATOR_API one operator's answer; two_operators_agree records a second independent operator. Agreement is not a proof.
UNCHECKABLE read failed; error kept. Never zero, never absent.
REJECTED identity did not match; no supply counted

Reads

record (issuer page) product ledger supply (token units) evidence two operators agree height
USDC USDC ethereum 50430781860.131977 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 26051941
USDC USDC solana 8217034486.977972 OPERATOR_API true 450242496
USDC USDC stellar 351156763.2854447 OPERATOR_API true 64604829
USDC USDC hedera 450010110.000000 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 100361996
USDC USDC sui 308316102.717780 OPERATOR_API true 326606936
USDC USDC noble 103762748.544811 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 60056091
USDC USDC xrpl 4617919.108900781 OPERATOR_API true 107218481
USDC USDC arbitrum 2936979871.811699 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 508654840
USDC USDC avalanche 400293471.158739 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 96099554
USDC USDC base 4294533060.719965 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 51760296
USDC USDC celo 15228623.488166 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 78409182
USDC USDC hyperevm 6833999685.532186 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 46821059
USDC USDC linea 24249450.507182 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 32136842
USDC USDC optimism 166249049.371377 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 157355585
USDC USDC polygon 605542291.149054 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 94403206
USDC USDC sonic 126238586.178445 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 79869922
USDC USDC unichain 23588472.591813 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 59561588
USDC USDC zksync 10636491.412155 OPERATOR_API NOT_TRIED 72209107
BENJI BENJI stellar 430691880.4855482 OPERATOR_API true 64609792
BENJI BENJI polygon 32206461.812513615916650543 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 94419754
BENJI BENJI arbitrum 47950819.162464907015564307 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 508744906
BENJI BENJI avalanche 34309356.142162081852426527 STATE_PROOF_RECORDED true 96120688
BENJI BENJI aptos 14713483.381624994 OPERATOR_API true 7356338123
BENJI BENJI ethereum 48209314.242417926951548284 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 26054009
BENJI BENJI base 59725674.950165151280437460 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 51772802
BENJI BENJI solana 209512.057557357 OPERATOR_API true 450336516
BENJI gBENJI stellar 56720355.5672037 OPERATOR_API true 64609839
BENJI iBENJI ethereum 195922530.492655972484309178 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 26054041
BENJI iBENJI bsc 1524087437.202981538514940268 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 123939466
BENJI sgBENJI stellar 24352527.5694453 OPERATOR_API true 64609854
BENJI grBENJI stellar 516072.2845994 OPERATOR_API true 64609855
JPMD JPMD base 1001000.00 STATE_PROOF_VERIFIED true 51772880
BUIDL — — — ISSUER_LIST_UNAVAILABLE — —
Citi Token Services (tokenized deposits) — — — PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE — —
HSBC Tokenised Deposit Service — — — PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE — —
BNY digital cash / tokenized deposits — — — PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE — —

Issuer-reported (kept apart)

BENJI's fund (Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund, series S000067043) reports in its SEC N-MFP3 for 2026-08-31 (filed 2026-09-04, accession 0002071691-26-021281): net assets USD 686635362.22, shares outstanding 686637083.5800; transfer agent named in the filing: Franklin Templeton Investor Services LLC. Not compared with the ledger reads: different date, a share count is not a ledger supply, and no transfer-agent register is public.

Records, signatures, timestamps

asset issuer list signed_at (Ed25519, did:web:csoai.org#board-attestation-1) OpenTimestamps
usdc READ 2026-09-25T11:22:18.153Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
benji READ 2026-09-25T11:22:15.085Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
jpmd READ 2026-09-25T11:22:17.940Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
buidl ISSUER_LIST_UNAVAILABLE 2026-09-25T11:22:16.580Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
citi-token-services PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE 2026-09-25T11:22:17.186Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
hsbc-tokenised-deposit-service PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE 2026-09-25T11:22:17.529Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT
bny-digital-cash PERMISSIONED_NOT_READABLE 2026-09-25T11:22:16.030Z PENDING_CALENDAR_COMMITMENT

The USDC record is the 2026-09-25 04:18Z pilot run, bytes unchanged; it was signed later the same day (its internal "unsigned" status line describes the run, not the signature). institutional-evidence-links.json maps the estate's institutional binding keys to these records, or to UNMEASURED with the reason.

Paths: a record's site path /interop/X is dataset path interop/X. cross_ledger_assets.json is the asset registry (asset → issuer list → per-ledger adapter) the reader ran from.

How to verify

Signature. In X.signed.json: serialise payload as JSON, keys sorted recursively, no whitespace, UTF-8; its sha256 must equal signature.payload_sha256; payload.artifact.sha256 must equal sha256 of X.json. Verify signature.sig_ed25519 (hex) with the #board-attestation-1 Ed25519 key (publicKeyJwk.x, base64url) in https://csoai.org/.well-known/did.json. Change one byte: it must fail.

import json, hashlib, base64, urllib.request
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed25519
s = json.load(open("interop/cross-ledger-benji-2026-09-25.signed.json"))
c = json.dumps(s["payload"], sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False).encode()
assert hashlib.sha256(c).hexdigest() == s["signature"]["payload_sha256"]
assert hashlib.sha256(open("interop/cross-ledger-benji-2026-09-25.json", "rb").read()).hexdigest() == s["payload"]["artifact"]["sha256"]
# csoai.org answers 403 to Python's default User-Agent, so send a named one
did = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request("https://csoai.org/.well-known/did.json", headers={"User-Agent": "csoai-dataset-verify/1.0 (+https://huggingface.co/csoai)"})))
x = [m for m in did["verificationMethod"] if m["id"].endswith("#board-attestation-1")][0]["publicKeyJwk"]["x"]
ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(x + "==")).verify(bytes.fromhex(s["signature"]["sig_ed25519"]), c)

Proofs. Each interop/cross-ledger-<asset>-2026-09-25/<ledger>-<product>-proof.json carries the header, the eth_getProof response and how_to_check: keccak(rlp(header)) == block_hash; walk accountProof from stateRoot along keccak(address); storageRoot == storageHash; walk storageProof along keccak(slot); leaf == rlp(totalSupply). No trust in us is needed for that step; trust in the header remains (no light client).

Timestamp. ots upgrade X.json.ots then ots verify X.json.ots. At publication each proof held pending calendar attestations: a pending calendar commitment, not a Bitcoin attestation.

Without a Bitcoin node (a full ots verify needs one), check an upgraded proof offline and compare the merkle root with a public block explorer (two independent ones is better):

# (a pending proof must first be upgraded: ots upgrade <proof>)
ots --no-bitcoin verify -f interop/cross-ledger-usdc-2026-09-25.json interop/cross-ledger-usdc-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots
# -> "To verify manually, check that Bitcoin block H has merkleroot M"
B=$(curl -s -A "csoai-dataset-verify/1.0 (+https://huggingface.co/csoai)" https://mempool.space/api/block-height/H)
curl -s -A "csoai-dataset-verify/1.0 (+https://huggingface.co/csoai)" https://mempool.space/api/block/$B | python3 -c 'import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin)["merkle_root"])'
# must print M; repeat against https://blockstream.info/api/...

Contact, objections and re-checks

  • Contact: nicholas@csoai.org (Council of AI / CSOAI). Please name this dataset and the contract, ledger or issuer page you mean.
  • Ask for a re-check. Reply with the contract, ledger or issuer page. We re-measure it with the same read-only instrument and run a tamper control beside it (a deliberately altered copy must fail the same check, or the re-check does not count). A dated re-check record is published only with your knowledge. Published rows are never edited in place: a correction is a new, signed file that supersedes the old one, and both stay visible.
  • Object, or opt out of future reads. Name the contract, ledger or issuer page. It is added to the exclusion list (scripts/census/probe-exclusions.json in the census code, dated, public), and the next run honours it before sending any request and records the skip by name. The reader behind this dataset (scripts/readers/cross_ledger_funds.py) does not yet read that list in code; until it does, an entry is honoured by hand before the next run, and the skip is still recorded by name.
  • Objections are recorded. Every objection, opt-out and re-check request is logged with its date and what was done; nothing is removed silently.

Changelog

  • 2026-09-26 — correction C-2026-0926-06: xl-daily/2026-09-26/v2/ supersedes xl-daily/2026-09-26/. The daily record xl-daily/2026-09-26/xl-daily-2026-09-26.json (sha256 b02851fcbc8ea5ad6460c6c847e8af9eaec74d36a09121989590dc180a5d700d, dataset commit d58a0a7b) graded three Tether deployments INCONSISTENT: EUR₮ on Ethereum, CNH₮ on Ethereum and CNH₮ on Tron. The reason given was that Tether's supported-protocols page lists them under "Deprecated Asset Protocols:" while their ledgers show totalSupply() of 50,000,050, 25,000,000 and 20,000,000. "Deprecated" states no supply figure, so there were never two statements that differ. The three rows are now NOT_A_SUPPLY_CLAIM (recorded, not compared), and the USDT record's parity state is UNCHECKABLE (some of its listed deployments are not read), not INCONSISTENT. The record also called totalSupply() "issued supply". In Tether's own terms totalSupply() is "total authorized", which includes tokens the issuer holds as not issued, so the record now says totalSupply() (or the ledger's equivalent). This card's two uses of "issued supply" are corrected the same way. The corrected record xl-daily/2026-09-26/v2/xl-daily-2026-09-26.json (sha256 6acf5f9e976e790efef2ce459e0cc47e1234443ce4b198ce45840ec29a8238e1) was re-derived from the same reads. No ledger, issuer page or value source was re-read, and every supply figure, height and evidence kind is unchanged. xl-daily/2026-09-26/correction-C-2026-0926-06.diff.json lists every changed path. The original record stays published byte for byte with its signature and timestamp proof. This says nothing about Tether's reserves, solvency or redemptions. Ledger entry: https://councilof.ai/api/corrections (C-2026-0926-06).

Citation

@misc{csoai_cross_ledger_supply_2026,
  author       = {{Council of AI (CSOAI)}},
  title        = {Cross-ledger supply: issuer-listed deployments, 2026-09-25},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai/cross-ledger-supply}}
}

Licence

CC-BY-4.0. Cite as: Council of AI (CSOAI), Cross-ledger supply, issuer-listed deployments, 2026-09-25, csoai/cross-ledger-supply. Reader: scripts/readers/cross_ledger_funds.py (councilof-ai repository).

Timestamp status

Checked 2026-09-25T13:57Z by ots upgrade on a copy of each published pending proof. A pending .ots is never rewritten: an upgraded proof is published as a NEW file <name>.bitcoin.ots beside it. BITCOIN_ATTESTED means the proof carries a BitcoinBlockHeaderAttestation whose commitment (byte-reversed) equals the merkle root of the block header at that height as served by two independent public sources (blockstream.info and mempool.space; each raw header also double-SHA256s to the block hash it is served under). No local Bitcoin node was used. Details: ots-bitcoin-check-2026-09-25.json.

  • interop/cross-ledger-benji-2026-09-25.json (sha256 51ec46fbe5ab0d30d0a68ed35bb63ee48517a08a9f7cc4b751b415c9544fed77): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-benji-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 88a562149a503679c2d2c95f7054396c1a4050f11ed1f0be07250edb5b578b77); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-benji-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-bny-digital-cash-2026-09-25.json (sha256 ec9bf90130e449a01c4814a697dac351a02abc832cd2c426db3255ef1bbf03c9): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-bny-digital-cash-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 8ce63ae7b3c5ffc491a5c31781a79e1f7eb5a69043dbe5476b4611e65d463d5d); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-bny-digital-cash-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-buidl-2026-09-25.json (sha256 cf280c0b6c99359e86767c0f646a287835b33ee6c34bc2a46164c2c23034db56): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-buidl-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 e117c4c6b258b9b0300338e2c99b7e96d1775fa09c14255381c3312835e297d1); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-buidl-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-citi-token-services-2026-09-25.json (sha256 796c03215483b769e07354b488109e9b1c58a25e3b1653c43745f825d265bcab): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-citi-token-services-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 deb8a6abf11e3942e7c9a310be9560f1c4309b5d62395d843e4e9d1d6b56cf27); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-citi-token-services-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-hsbc-tokenised-deposit-service-2026-09-25.json (sha256 48dd4f9722bd1d27836fa65cfc4081b45c41eee51fea7d686b3483fd7ac364e3): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-hsbc-tokenised-deposit-service-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 d2c98df75c87b1776f1b3924633f457f3c1d8108415720a8fe81f58ffcf51fad); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-hsbc-tokenised-deposit-service-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-jpmd-2026-09-25.json (sha256 ce0e151f6dd0806c9daa691f220684547e0290200679ae5e778d81866eda106b): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-jpmd-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 88f6d1a59944e85a406a0a04e8fff926162d6b00643cb93779af329a38cf7416); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-jpmd-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/cross-ledger-usdc-2026-09-25.json (sha256 1a1009dc98a6a459d00e9f34a1581c295a0f803d832111b04531513ad642b63a): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/cross-ledger-usdc-2026-09-25.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 e30131ab616af7f6efbef57259196edaec179b34a9ae7bb95e3157ec47e7e927); the published pending proof interop/cross-ledger-usdc-2026-09-25.json.ots is unchanged.
  • interop/institutional-evidence-links.json (sha256 93bf6eae5289f0d000363ef512a91d84ae583d4f6ee43fe57678f724bf45fbf3): BITCOIN_ATTESTED at block 968549 (checked against 2 header sources: blockstream.info, mempool.space). Upgraded proof: interop/institutional-evidence-links.json.bitcoin.ots (sha256 c7afad76ca87c4b289260a3020bc5252a41a550330f355f00a70a4e4a8b229c1); the published pending proof interop/institutional-evidence-links.json.ots is unchanged.

How to cite

CSOAI Ltd (Council of AI). Cross-ledger supply (issuer-listed deployments, evidence-labelled). 2026. Hugging Face dataset csoai/cross-ledger-supply. https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai/cross-ledger-supply

@misc{csoai_cross_ledger_supply,
  title        = {Cross-ledger supply (issuer-listed deployments, evidence-labelled)},
  author       = {{CSOAI Ltd}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {Hugging Face dataset, https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai/cross-ledger-supply},
  note         = {Corrections: https://councilof.ai/api/corrections}
}

Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Attribute Council of AI, CSOAI Ltd (16939677), https://councilof.ai.

Corrections and verification

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