csoai/x402-activity

x402 settlement activity on Base (daily, from 2026-09-25)

Of the USDC payments on Base mainnet (chain id 8453) that reached payees listed in the public x402 Bazaars on one UTC day, how many came from distinct outside wallets, and how many from the payee itself, a sibling payee, another listed payee, a wallet CSOAI declares its own, or an amount below the smallest amount any listing asks of that payee? (The record's own wording is its question field.)

This dataset holds the signed daily record CSOAI publishes at https://councilof.ai/measurements/x402-activity/, byte for byte, with the settlement rows and the payee list it was computed from. It measures who paid listed x402 payees on one UTC day on Base mainnet (chain id 8453); it does not rank or name any seller, payer or index, and a class says nothing about why anyone paid.

Headline for 2026-09-25, read from the signed payload (2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.signed.json → payload.headline):

settlements to listed payees	28,122
USDC moved, atomic units (6 decimals)	713,617,378
distinct payers	1,073
distinct payees paid	453
settlements in class EXTERNAL	27,809
USDC in class EXTERNAL, atomic units	711,133,451
distinct payers with at least one EXTERNAL settlement	1,047
distinct payees with an EXTERNAL settlement	439
EXTERNAL share of settlements	0.98887
EXTERNAL share of USDC	0.996519

As of: record 2026-09-26T15:22:43Z (window 2026-09-25 UTC, blocks 51,752,527–51,795,726). Population: 1,757 payee addresses listed for Base USDC by 2,481 hosts, read from both public Bazaars (24,556 resources, read complete: True).

What is measured, and the states

Unit: one USDC Transfer log to a listed payee, in a transaction that also carries a USDC AuthorizationUsed log whose authorizer is the transfer's sender (EIP-3009 transferWithAuthorization).

Every settlement gets exactly one class, first match wins. Counts per class are the record's by_class for 2026-09-25:

class	rule	settlements	USDC, atomic units	distinct payers	distinct payees
SELF_SAME_ADDRESS	payer == payee	63	1,116,000	7	7
SELF_SAME_LISTING	payer is another payee listed by a host that also lists this payee	18	39,000	4	5
ESTATE_SELF	payer or payee is a wallet CSOAI declares its own (estate_wallets)	0	0	0	0
PAYER_IS_LISTED_PAYEE	payer is itself a listed payee anywhere in either Bazaar	42	257,864	9	9
ZERO_VALUE	value == 0	0	0	0	0
BELOW_SMALLEST_PRICE	0 < value < the smallest amount any Bazaar listing asks of this payee	190	1,071,063	19	16
EXTERNAL	none of the above	27,809	711,133,451	1,047	439

Row flags: repeat_pair (the payer paid this payee at least twice in the window) and high_frequency_pair (at least 100 times). Accepts-entries on other networks, assets or schemes are counted in the record under population.accepts_entries_not_measured and are not measured here.

What this is not

• Not a ranking, grade or approval of any seller, payer, facilitator or index. No address is named in the README; addresses in the rows are public on-chain facts.
• Not revenue for CSOAI. CSOAI's own wallets are declared in the record (method.estate_wallets) and carry their own class, ESTATE_SELF.
• Not a statement of intent. A class is a structural fact about addresses and amounts.
• context.json quotes other parties' findings about x402 activity verbatim. They use different methods, networks and windows; they are never added to, compared with or used to adjust this record.

Files

file	bytes	sha256	what
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.json	10,251	b8faf56f5634fe7d1ee29985ac0a9346fc5c2ebb54bb951508ff8b745e57da81	the record: question, window, population, method, counts by class, headline, limitations
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.json.ots	635	17510b291d043a7035026ac29f2f299b8ead04891efaec400536edca99f7c62b	OpenTimestamps proof over the record
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.ots.json	1,060	7042202b9b00b7bbe2ff9fbee5efe56c130ba6609bf1e6b4f52629c249192cdb	the proof's state sidecar, as published
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.payees.jsonl.gz	76,037	951d0026e14af408da138b8c4be65f4ec9212934a7a6a77e3fd27dcef168fba1	one row per listed payee (viewer config payees)
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.rows.jsonl.gz	1,555,425	6a1771ef57a7d543cee8e19b47e987d0d4e0da908f77f58525217b1cc2e1d875	one row per settlement (viewer config settlements)
2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.signed.json	2,307	fbfe711bfb82062da4b348085efb64f729967148183ba2def7131705cafe1493	Ed25519 signature over a payload that pins the record, the row file and the payee file by sha256
context.json	5,862	393eaf525f03cf6eb6c3a001b23f6579e4a27965079b9a194f8024da40844caa	other parties' published findings about x402 activity, quoted verbatim with the sha256 of the bytes read; never combined with this record
context.json.ots	670	368345db5d67e36726392b5be63eeeaa0cc6d9d0ad41e66427a743ec62493178	OpenTimestamps proof over context.json
context.signed.json	1,947	f370b9e3d0e5a2929ce8e46f2fb22edb528be7c80b1484cdc5ac0b8d3903c208	Ed25519 signature over a payload that pins context.json

rows_sha256 in the signed payload pins the row file's file bytes; payees_sha256 pins the payee file's file bytes. The row file has 28,122 rows and the payee file 1,757.

Timestamps

• 2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.json.ots commits to the sha256 of 2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.json; its state is pending (3 calendar commitments, no Bitcoin block-header attestation in these bytes yet). A pending proof dates nothing until a block attests it.
• context.json.ots commits to the sha256 of context.json; its state is pending (3 calendar commitments, no Bitcoin block-header attestation in these bytes yet). A pending proof dates nothing until a block attests it.

Check with ots verify <file>.ots once a block attests it (the OpenTimestamps client reads the calendars and Bitcoin itself).

How to verify

pip install cryptography
python3 verify.py      # signatures, artifact and row-file hashes, tamper controls, manifest

# Signature check in a few lines. did.json refuses the default Python User-Agent, so this names one.
import json, hashlib, base64, urllib.request
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed25519
req = urllib.request.Request("https://csoai.org/.well-known/did.json",
                             headers={"User-Agent": "csoai-dataset-verify/1.0 (+https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai)"})
did = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30))
x = [m for m in did["verificationMethod"] if m["id"].endswith("#board-attestation-1")][0]["publicKeyJwk"]["x"]
key = ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(x + "=="))
for f in ["2026-09-25/x402-activity-2026-09-25.signed.json", "context.signed.json"]:
    s = json.load(open(f))
    c = json.dumps(s["payload"], sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False).encode()
    assert hashlib.sha256(c).hexdigest() == s["signature"]["payload_sha256"]
    key.verify(bytes.fromhex(s["signature"]["sig_ed25519"]), c)   # raises if the bytes were altered
    print("VERIFIES", f)

Signed by did:web:csoai.org#board-attestation-1. The signature proves who signed these bytes; it does not prove any claim inside beyond what the record's own instruments measured.

Objections, contact and corrections

Contact, corrections and objections (including a request to re-check or withdraw a specific row): nicholas@csoai.org, or the "Object or opt out" route at https://councilof.ai/census/. A correction is published as a new, linked version and logged in the signed corrections ledger at https://councilof.ai/api/corrections; signed files are never edited in place. CSOAI Ltd (company no. 16939677, England and Wales) is the accountable publisher.

How to cite

CSOAI Ltd (Council of AI). x402 settlement activity on Base (daily, from 2026-09-25). 2026. Hugging Face dataset csoai/x402-activity. https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai/x402-activity

@misc{csoai_x402_activity,
  title        = {x402 settlement activity on Base (daily, from 2026-09-25)},
  author       = {{CSOAI Ltd}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {Hugging Face dataset, https://huggingface.co/datasets/csoai/x402-activity},
  note         = {Corrections: https://councilof.ai/api/corrections}
}

Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Attribute Council of AI, CSOAI Ltd (16939677), https://councilof.ai.

Corrections and verification

• Corrections ledger (signed): https://councilof.ai/api/corrections. Corrections to CSOAI's published records are logged there with what changed and when.
• Verify a signed record yourself, free and without an account: https://councilof.ai/gspc-verify/ (step by step: https://councilof.ai/signed/HOW-TO-VERIFY.md).
• Conformance kit for signed-receipts/v1, with test vectors for implementers: https://councilof.ai/spec/signed-receipts/v1/conformance/