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value | account_type_sources stringlengths 70 4.29k | person_names stringlengths 2 182 | linked_person_ids stringclasses 28
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values | public_location_evidence stringlengths 2 543 | location_sources stringlengths 2 5.17k | university_ever_by_linked_person stringclasses 28
values | outcome_reasons stringclasses 34
values | open_question stringlengths 38 659 ⌀ | geographic_assessment stringclasses 7
values | institutional_affiliation_ever_by_person stringclasses 28
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values | institutional_backing_at_build_by_model stringlengths 129 8.21k | compute_by_model stringlengths 109 10.4k | model_provenance_counts stringclasses 41
values | uk_build_counts stringclasses 20
values | recursive_location_estimate stringlengths 458 2.06k ⌀ | recursive_location_sources stringlengths 234 5.17k ⌀ | current_geographic_assessment stringclasses 6
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0rn0 | user | individual | individual | Aryan D | https://huggingface.co/0rn0 | 4 | ["0rn0/gpt2-125m-tinystories", "0rn0/gpt2-30m-tinystories", "0rn0/llama2-15m-tinystories", "0rn0/llama2-15m-tinystories-sft"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/0rn0", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/AryanDeore", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:39.011122+00:00"}] | ["Aryan Deore"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | identified_individual_or_creator | United States | [{"url": "https://github.com/AryanDeore", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:39.011122+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"0rn0/gpt2-125m-tinystories": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "0rn0/gpt2-30m-tinystories": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "0rn0/llama2-15m-tin... | {"0rn0/gpt2-125m-tinystories": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "0rn0/gpt2-30m-tinystories": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "0rn0/llama2-15m-tinystories": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "... | {"derived": 1, "from_scratch": 2, "mirror": 1} | {"unknown": 4} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
0x7o | user | individual | individual | Danil Kononyuk | https://huggingface.co/0x7o | 1 | ["0x7o/pyGPT-50M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/0x7o", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/0x7o", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:38.955322+00:00"}] | ["Danil Kononyuk"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Russia | public_geographic_connection | Russia | [{"url": "https://github.com/0x7o", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:38.955322+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"0x7o/pyGPT-50M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"0x7o/pyGPT-50M": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Aadit-032 | user | individual | individual | Aadit Suryawanshi | https://huggingface.co/Aadit-032 | 1 | ["Aadit-032/LiteGPT-16M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Aadit-032", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://aadit032.github.io/portfolio/", "basis": "fetched_read", "finding": "Read the portfolio, full LiteGPT blog and llms.txt. LinkedIn-indexed LiteGPT-25M post corroborates the same author/project, but not location. Exact linked Link... | ["Aadit Suryawanshi"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | platform_reported_account_country | X About this account explicitly reports India for the creator-linked Aadit_032 profile, which links back to the exact HF/GitHub accounts. | [{"url": "https://aadit032.github.io/portfolio/", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:11:42.187694+00:00", "finding": "Read the portfolio, full LiteGPT blog and llms.txt. LinkedIn-indexed LiteGPT-25M post corroborates the same author/project, but not location. Exact linked LinkedIn remains blocked. University-list name match... | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | City, dated training location and institutional route remain unstated where not already recorded. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"Aadit-032/LiteGPT-16M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Aadit-032/LiteGPT-16M": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": "India", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "high", "estimate_type": "platform_reported_account_country", "estimate_period": "observed2026-10-31", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "X About this account explicitly reports India for the creator-... | [{"url": "https://aadit032.github.io/portfolio/", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:11:42.187694+00:00", "finding": "Read the portfolio, full LiteGPT blog and llms.txt. LinkedIn-indexed LiteGPT-25M post corroborates the same author/project, but not location. Exact linked LinkedIn remains blocked. University-list name match... | country_reported | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
AAzurez | user | individual | individual | Aaron Li | https://huggingface.co/AAzurez | 1 | ["AAzurez/pythia-14mtest"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AAzurez", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://devpost.com/AAzurez", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:30:15Z"}] | ["Aaron Li"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | identified_individual_or_creator | Rochester, New York, United States | [{"url": "https://devpost.com/AAzurez", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:30:15Z"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AAzurez/pythia-14mtest": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AAzurez/pythia-14mtest": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"mirror": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
abcorrea | user | individual | individual | Augusto B. Corrêa | https://huggingface.co/abcorrea | 1 | ["abcorrea/smolLM-135M-wiki-ft"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/abcorrea", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://abcorrea.github.io/", "basis": "Current institutional affiliation on HF-linked GitHub personal site; separate residence not asserted.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Augusto B. Corrêa"] | ["augusto-b-correa"] | uk_affiliation_only | United Kingdom (affiliation) | public_geographic_connection | Christ Church, University of Oxford | [{"url": "https://abcorrea.github.io/", "basis": "Current institutional affiliation on HF-linked GitHub personal site; separate residence not asserted.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {"augusto-b-correa": "yes"} | ["university_attendance_documented_for_linked_person", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors", "augusto-b-correa: university attendance", "augusto-b-correa: institutional or industry affiliation", "augusto-b-correa: UK from-scratch natural-language model building not established"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | uk_affiliation_only | {"augusto-b-correa": "yes"} | [] | [{"person_id": "augusto-b-correa", "name": "Augusto B. Corrêa", "university_ever": "yes", "institutional_affiliation_ever": "yes", "institutional_route": "yes", "UK_schooling": "no", "strict_independent": false, "outcome_reasons": ["university attendance", "institutional or industry affiliation", "UK from-scratch natur... | {"abcorrea/smolLM-135M-wiki-ft": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "yes", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"abcorrea/smolLM-135M-wiki-ft": {"hardware": "Model training hardware not stated; profile GPU badges are not attributed to this run.", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "unknown"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"yes": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Abiray | user | individual | individual | Jay | https://huggingface.co/Abiray | 1 | ["Abiray/Kshana-170M-Base"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Abiray", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/api/spaces/Abiray/Vaniq-Edge-Demo/tree/main", "basis": "fetched_read", "finding": "Read Vaniq Edge demo source after querying its actual file tree. It links back to the same HF account and describes TTS, with no pers... | ["Jay"] | [] | unknown | not established | unknown | Current personal/professional location unresolved; see case findings. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/api/spaces/Abiray/Vaniq-Edge-Demo/tree/main", "basis": "fetched_read", "finding": "Read Vaniq Edge demo source after querying its actual file tree. It links back to the same HF account and describes TTS, with no personal website, full author name or location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-3... | {} | [] | Creator remains Jay / Abiray without an attributable geographic biography.; Creator university attendance and institutional employment are unstated.; Model build place, physical GPU country and ownership/funding are unstated. | unresolved | {} | [] | [] | {"Abiray/Kshana-170M-Base": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Abiray/Kshana-170M-Base": {"hardware": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080 16GB", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": null, "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "unresolved", "estimate_type": "unresolved", "estimate_period": "sources observed31October2026", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "Actual public creator comments, posts page and profile do not state a g... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Abiray", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Previously inspected creator identity chain; relevant compact findings reused.", "reused": true}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Abiray/Kshana-170M-Base/raw/e46f4b167b3045c539d8b010bee3d7e5c8f76d1a/README.md", "access_date": "2026-10-30... | unresolved | 2026-10-31 | null | null | null | null |
abirmaheshwari | user | individual | individual | Abir Maheshwari | https://huggingface.co/abirmaheshwari | 1 | ["abirmaheshwari/abirhinv1"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/abirmaheshwari", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://in.linkedin.com/in/abirmaheshwari", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Abir Maheshwari"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | identified_individual_or_creator | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India | [{"url": "https://in.linkedin.com/in/abirmaheshwari", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"abirmaheshwari/abirhinv1": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"abirmaheshwari/abirhinv1": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
abrar0503 | user | individual | individual | Abrar Ahmed | https://huggingface.co/abrar0503 | 1 | ["abrar0503/h2ogpt-gm"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/abrar0503", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/abrar0503/abrar0503/blob/main/README.md", "basis": "readme_content_reviewed", "finding": "Verified GitHub profile README is only a short hello. Pinned Go-Green, PAWM and node-hello READMEs contain project descriptions... | ["Abrar Ahmed"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | direct_self_listed_professional_profile_location | The actual LinkedIn profile header names Abrar Ahmed and says AI Security Engineer @ JPMorgan Chase | Cybersecurity & Tech Controls | AI ML Product Security; its visible location is Mysore, Karnataka, India. Exact LinkedIn profile linked from the established HF-linked github.com/abrar0503 creator profile. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/abrar0503", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "finding": "Cached publisher identity, biography and outward links reviewed; Read the linked GitHub profile, its README and two project READMEs (Go-Green and PAWM). The fresh profile directly links abrar-ahmed-55568919a on LinkedIn and says Softw... | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | null | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"abrar0503/h2ogpt-gm": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"abrar0503/h2ogpt-gm": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": "India", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": "Mysore, Karnataka", "estimate_confidence": "high", "estimate_type": "direct_self_listed_professional_profile_location", "estimate_period": "2026-10-31", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "The actual LinkedIn profile header names... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/abrar0503", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "finding": "Cached publisher identity, biography and outward links reviewed; Read the linked GitHub profile, its README and two project READMEs (Go-Green and PAWM). The fresh profile directly links abrar-ahmed-55568919a on LinkedIn and says Softw... | country_reported | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
achavan1211 | user | individual | individual | Akash | https://huggingface.co/achavan1211 | 1 | ["achavan1211/minimind-135m"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/achavan1211", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/CruiseDevice", "basis": "HF-linked public personal profile self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Akash Chavan"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | public_geographic_connection | San Francisco, CA | [{"url": "https://github.com/CruiseDevice", "basis": "HF-linked public personal profile self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"achavan1211/minimind-135m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"achavan1211/minimind-135m": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
adityamore2004 | user | individual | individual | Aditya Kailash More | https://huggingface.co/adityamore2004 | 1 | ["adityamore2004/Final-gpt-124"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/adityamore2004", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://api.github.com/users/AKM-2004", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:27:57Z"}] | ["Aditya Kailash More", "Aditya More"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | identified_individual_or_creator | Manmad, Maharashtra, India | [{"url": "https://api.github.com/users/AKM-2004", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:27:57Z"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"adityamore2004/Final-gpt-124": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"adityamore2004/Final-gpt-124": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
adriaflores | user | individual | individual | Adrià Flores Albó | https://huggingface.co/adriaflores | 1 | ["adriaflores/kimi-k3-300m-from-scratch"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/adriaflores", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://adriaflores.com/cv/", "basis": "Personal CV, matching Kimi K3 project and author. HF-linked LinkedIn also gives Barcelona.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Adrià Flores Albó"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Spain | public_geographic_connection | Barcelona, Catalonia | [{"url": "https://adriaflores.com/cv/", "basis": "Personal CV, matching Kimi K3 project and author. HF-linked LinkedIn also gives Barcelona.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"adriaflores/kimi-k3-300m-from-scratch": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"adriaflores/kimi-k3-300m-from-scratch": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AETHORIA-AI | org | research_lab | organisation_or_collective | AETHORIA AI | https://huggingface.co/AETHORIA-AI | 2 | ["AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-130B", "AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-160B-Refinement"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AETHORIA-AI", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://www.complexity-ai.fr/", "basis": "HF-linked official lab self-description; professional organisation base.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Boris Peyriguere"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | France | public_geographic_connection | Paris | [{"url": "https://www.complexity-ai.fr/", "basis": "HF-linked official lab self-description; professional organisation base.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher", "documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-130B": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-160B-Refinement": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unkno... | {"AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-130B": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "AETHORIA-AI/TR-HASH-MoE-200M-160B-Refinement": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1, "from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 2} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Ahmadbader17 | user | individual | individual | Ahmad Bader | https://huggingface.co/Ahmadbader17 | 1 | ["Ahmadbader17/tiny-gpt"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Ahmadbader17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Ahmadbader17", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:39.161012+00:00"}] | ["Ahmad Bader"] | ["ahmad_bader"] | uk_public_location | United Kingdom | identified_individual_or_creator | Cambridge, UK | [{"url": "https://github.com/Ahmadbader17", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:39.161012+00:00"}] | {"ahmad_bader": "yes"} | ["university_attendance_documented_for_linked_person", "ahmad_bader: university attendance", "ahmad_bader: institutional or industry affiliation"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | uk_source_connection | {"ahmad_bader": "yes"} | [] | [{"person_id": "ahmad_bader", "name": "Ahmad Bader", "university_ever": "yes", "institutional_affiliation_ever": "yes", "institutional_route": "yes", "UK_schooling": "no", "strict_independent": false, "outcome_reasons": ["university attendance", "institutional or industry affiliation"], "unresolved_fields": [], "source... | {"Ahmadbader17/tiny-gpt": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Ahmadbader17/tiny-gpt": {"hardware": "Intel Core Ultra 9 185H laptop CPU,12 threads,15.3GB visible RAM;28,388seconds excluding sleep; no GPU.", "source": "personal laptop", "physical_country": "unknown"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"yes": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
ahmeterdempmk | user | individual | individual | Ahmet Erdem Pamuk | https://huggingface.co/ahmeterdempmk | 1 | ["ahmeterdempmk/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Quantum-Computing-Instruct"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/ahmeterdempmk", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/ahmeterdempmk", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:18.624920+00:00... | ["Ahmet Erdem Pamuk"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Turkey | public_geographic_connection | Ankara, Türkiye | [{"url": "https://github.com/ahmeterdempmk", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:18.624920+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"ahmeterdempmk/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Quantum-Computing-Instruct": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"ahmeterdempmk/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Quantum-Computing-Instruct": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AI-Sweden-Models | org | nonprofit | organisation_or_collective | AI Sweden Model Hub | https://huggingface.co/AI-Sweden-Models | 2 | ["AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-126m", "AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-356m"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AI-Sweden-Models", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | [] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Sweden | public_geographic_connection | Sweden | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AI-Sweden-Models", "basis": "Official organisation profile; explicit national centre and Swedish funding context.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher", "documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-126m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-356m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-126m": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "AI-Sweden-Models/gpt-sw3-356m": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 2} | {"unknown": 2} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AI4free | org | community | organisation_or_collective | TEST | https://huggingface.co/AI4free | 1 | ["AI4free/Qwen2-0.5b-tool_call"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AI4free", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://devpost.com/OEvortex", "basis": "public_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:18:49.876266+00:00"}] | ["Abhay Koul"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | explicit_model_developer | Jammu, India (named model developer’s public Devpost). | [{"url": "https://devpost.com/OEvortex", "basis": "public_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:18:49.876266+00:00"}] | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher", "documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AI4free/Qwen2-0.5b-tool_call": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AI4free/Qwen2-0.5b-tool_call": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AiRukua | user | individual | individual | Rukua | https://huggingface.co/AiRukua | 1 | ["AiRukua/BabyKilat"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AiRukua", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Airukua", "basis": "Current HF-linked GitHub location; profile updated 2026-10-27, but field update date itself unknown.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Abdul%2BWahid/%2B", "bas... | ["Abdul Wahid Rukua"] | ["abdul-wahid-rukua"] | mixed_locations | United Kingdom; Indonesia | public_geographic_connection | Southampton (GitHub); Ambon (LinkedIn) | [{"url": "https://github.com/Airukua", "basis": "Current HF-linked GitHub location; profile updated 2026-10-27, but field update date itself unknown.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Abdul%2BWahid/%2B", "basis": "LinkedIn's public directory for the same linked author; conflictin... | {"abdul-wahid-rukua": "yes"} | ["university_attendance_documented_for_linked_person", "abdul-wahid-rukua: university attendance", "abdul-wahid-rukua: institutional or industry affiliation", "abdul-wahid-rukua: UK natural-language model building not established", "abdul-wahid-rukua: UK from-scratch natural-language model building not established"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | mixed_connections | {"abdul-wahid-rukua": "yes"} | [] | [{"person_id": "abdul-wahid-rukua", "name": "Abdul Wahid Rukua", "university_ever": "yes", "institutional_affiliation_ever": "yes", "institutional_route": "yes", "UK_schooling": "unknown", "strict_independent": false, "outcome_reasons": ["university attendance", "institutional or industry affiliation", "UK natural-lang... | {"AiRukua/BabyKilat": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AiRukua/BabyKilat": {"hardware": "Actual training device not unambiguously stated. Card estimates times for RTX 6000 Blackwell, RTX 4050 and Colab T4.", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "unknown"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AjithBharadwaj | user | individual | individual | Ajith Bharadwaj | https://huggingface.co/AjithBharadwaj | 1 | ["AjithBharadwaj/nano-llama-base"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AjithBharadwaj", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/ajithbharadwaj1", "basis": "HF directly linked GitHub self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["M P Ajith Bharadwaj"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | public_geographic_connection | Bangalore | [{"url": "https://github.com/ajithbharadwaj1", "basis": "HF directly linked GitHub self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AjithBharadwaj/nano-llama-base": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AjithBharadwaj/nano-llama-base": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
akakumar42 | user | individual | individual | Akash Kumar | https://huggingface.co/akakumar42 | 1 | ["akakumar42/longnet-shakespeare"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/akakumar42", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/spaces/akakumar42/career_conversation/resolve/main/me/linkedin.pdf", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:31:53Z"}] | ["Akash Kumar"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Germany | identified_individual_or_creator | Berlin, Berlin, Germany | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/spaces/akakumar42/career_conversation/resolve/main/me/linkedin.pdf", "basis": "public_self_location_with_identity_chain", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T17:31:53Z"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"akakumar42/longnet-shakespeare": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"akakumar42/longnet-shakespeare": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
akoksal | user | individual | individual | Abdullatif Koksal | https://huggingface.co/akoksal | 1 | ["akoksal/LongForm-OPT-125M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/akoksal", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/akoksal", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:47:03.836546+00:00"}, {"url": ... | ["Abdullatif Köksal"] | ["abdullatif-koksal", "anna-korhonen"] | uk_public_location | United Kingdom | public_geographic_connection | London | [{"url": "https://github.com/akoksal", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:47:03.836546+00:00"}, {"url": "https://akoksal.com/", "basis": "Current self-description on HF-linked ... | {"abdullatif-koksal": "yes", "anna-korhonen": "yes"} | ["university_attendance_documented_for_linked_person", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors", "abdullatif-koksal: university attendance", "abdullatif-koksal: institutional or industry affiliation", "abdullatif-koksal: UK natural-language model building not established", "abdullatif-koksal: UK from-scratch ... | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | uk_source_connection | {"abdullatif-koksal": "yes", "anna-korhonen": "yes"} | [] | [{"person_id": "abdullatif-koksal", "name": "Abdullatif Köksal", "university_ever": "yes", "institutional_affiliation_ever": "yes", "institutional_route": "yes", "UK_schooling": "unknown", "strict_independent": false, "outcome_reasons": ["university attendance", "institutional or industry affiliation", "UK natural-lang... | {"akoksal/LongForm-OPT-125M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "yes", "project_backing": "yes", "external_project_funding": "yes"}} | {"akoksal/LongForm-OPT-125M": {"hardware": "LongForm paper Appendix A describes 2–4 NVIDIA A6000 48GB GPUs for fine-tuning; exact allocation to OPT-125M is not separately specified", "source": "academic project compute", "physical_country": "unknown"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"no": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
alby13 | user | individual | individual | alby13 | https://huggingface.co/alby13 | 1 | ["alby13/LibraMindMini"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/alby13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://twitter.com/alby13", "basis": "Directly HF-linked public profile self-reported location, successfully retrieved by ordinary HTTPS.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["alby13"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | public_geographic_connection | USA | [{"url": "https://twitter.com/alby13", "basis": "Directly HF-linked public profile self-reported location, successfully retrieved by ordinary HTTPS.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"alby13/LibraMindMini": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"alby13/LibraMindMini": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
alea-institute | user | nonprofit | organisation_or_collective | ALEA Institute | https://huggingface.co/alea-institute | 1 | ["alea-institute/kl3m-002-520m"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/alea-institute", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/alea-institute", "basis": "organization_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:46.817248+00:00"}, {"url": "https://aleainstitute.ai/team/", "basis": "official_organization_team", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}... | ["Michael Bommarito", "Jillian Bommarito", "Daniel Katz"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | identified_individual_or_creator | United States of America | [{"url": "https://github.com/alea-institute", "basis": "organization_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:46.817248+00:00"}, {"url": "https://aleainstitute.ai/team/", "basis": "official_organization_team", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher", "documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"alea-institute/kl3m-002-520m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"alea-institute/kl3m-002-520m": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AlekseyElygin | user | individual | individual | AlexseyElygin | https://huggingface.co/AlekseyElygin | 1 | ["AlekseyElygin/Qwen2-0.5B"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AlekseyElygin", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Alexsey Elygin"] | [] | unknown | not established | public_geographic_connection | No public geographic link established in the reviewed identity chain. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AlekseyElygin", "basis": "Public publisher identity. No attributable geographic location established by the reviewed sources; this is not evidence of non-UK location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:18.607899+00:00"}] | {} | ["all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Named creator profile has no external identity links, country or institution. Actual Community and Posts tabs display no public activity. Earlier same-handle GitHub 404 and exact identity searches are reused; no new personal branch is exposed. | unresolved | {} | [] | [] | {"AlekseyElygin/Qwen2-0.5B": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AlekseyElygin/Qwen2-0.5B": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": null, "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "unresolved", "estimate_type": "unresolved", "estimate_period": "sources observed31October2026", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "Creator profile and its previously visited identity/source branches wer... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AlekseyElygin", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:18.607899+00:00", "finding": "Public publisher identity. No attributable geographic location established by the reviewed sources; this is not evidence of non-UK location.", "evidence_reused": true}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Aleksey... | unresolved | 2026-10-31 | null | null | null | null |
AlexWortega | user | individual | individual | Wortega | https://huggingface.co/AlexWortega | 5 | ["AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step131778-21B-20260518-0918", "AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step66035-10B-20260517-1222", "AlexWortega/ml-intern-v4-100m-tinystories-20260512-1721", "AlexWortega/moe-200m-qwen3-step285000-9B-20260524-1743", "AlexWortega/moe-200m-qwen3-step365000-12B-20260525-2225"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AlexWortega", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://devpost.com/AlexWortega", "basis": "Self-reported public Devpost location matching exact linked GitHub/name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Alex Wortega"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Russia | public_geographic_connection | Moscow, Moscow, Russia | [{"url": "https://devpost.com/AlexWortega", "basis": "Self-reported public Devpost location matching exact linked GitHub/name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step131778-21B-20260518-0918": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step66035-10B-20260517-1222": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project... | {"AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step131778-21B-20260518-0918": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "AlexWortega/ml-intern-moe100m-ufweb-en-step66035-10B-20260517-1222": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not establi... | {"derived": 2, "from_scratch": 3} | {"unknown": 5} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
alpharomercoma | user | individual | individual | Alpha Romer Coma | https://huggingface.co/alpharomercoma | 1 | ["alpharomercoma/slm-pipeline-151m"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/alpharomercoma", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://sessionize.com/alpharomercoma/", "basis": "self_authored_speaker_biography", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Alpha Romer Coma"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Philippines | identified_individual_or_creator | Manila, Philippines | [{"url": "https://sessionize.com/alpharomercoma/", "basis": "self_authored_speaker_biography", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"alpharomercoma/slm-pipeline-151m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"alpharomercoma/slm-pipeline-151m": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
aman0419 | user | individual | individual | Aman Jain | https://huggingface.co/aman0419 | 1 | ["aman0419/Vitallm-50M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/aman0419", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Aman041902/Aman041902/blob/main/README.md", "basis": "Explicit location in HF-linked GitHub README; country is stated in text, not inferred from flag.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Aman Jain"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | public_geographic_connection | India | [{"url": "https://github.com/Aman041902/Aman041902/blob/main/README.md", "basis": "Explicit location in HF-linked GitHub README; country is stated in text, not inferred from flag.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"aman0419/Vitallm-50M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"aman0419/Vitallm-50M": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Amr-Hegazy | user | individual | individual | Amr Hegazy | https://huggingface.co/Amr-Hegazy | 4 | ["Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoflop", "Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoparam", "Amr-Hegazy/grt-medium-isoflop", "Amr-Hegazy/grt-medium-isoparam"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Amr-Hegazy", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Amr-Hegazy1", "basis": "HF-linked public personal profile self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Amr Hegazy"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Germany | public_geographic_connection | Munich, Germany | [{"url": "https://github.com/Amr-Hegazy1", "basis": "HF-linked public personal profile self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoflop": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoparam": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "Amr-Hegazy/gr... | {"Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoflop": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "Amr-Hegazy/grt-large-isoparam": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "Amr-Hegazy/grt-medium-isoflop": {"hardware": "not established", "so... | {"from_scratch": 4} | {"unknown": 4} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AMT-Studio | user | collective | organisation_or_collective | AMT Studio | https://huggingface.co/AMT-Studio | 1 | ["AMT-Studio/StellarAI-1-beta-0.05b"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AMT-Studio", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://amtstudio.yangenqi.online/legal.html", "basis": "organisation_self_description", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:03:50.975874+00:00"}, {"url": "https://github.com/amtstudio/chenjiao/blob/main/README.md", "basis": "readme_content_... | [] | [] | unknown | not established | organization_only | No public geographic link established in the reviewed identity chain. | [{"url": "https://amtstudio.yangenqi.online/legal.html", "basis": "organisation_self_description", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T18:03:50.975874+00:00"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/AMT-Studio", "basis": "cached_profile_and_current_linked_content", "finding": "HF directly links amtstudio GitHub and amtstudio.yangenqi.... | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher"] | Retained China studio legal/operational-base estimate; individual trainer/city/build location and institutional history unstated. Exact CPU model/count unknown. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AMT-Studio/StellarAI-1-beta-0.05b": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AMT-Studio/StellarAI-1-beta-0.05b": {"hardware": "CPU; product/count unspecified", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": "China", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "medium", "estimate_type": "inferred", "estimate_period": "observed 30-31 October 2026; current location estimate unless noted", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "The directly linked studio site expl... | [{"url": "https://amtstudio.yangenqi.online/legal.html", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "finding": "Own studio legal text explicitly invokes PRC Civil Code/copyright law and national civil enforcement. Team says it is unregistered.", "reused": true}, {"url": "https://amtstudio.yangenqi.online/about.html", "access_date": ... | country_estimate | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
analist | user | individual | individual | Kossi Franck Junior Adenyo | https://huggingface.co/analist | 2 | ["analist/poetlm-29m-pretrain", "analist/poetlm-29m-sft"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/analist", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Kossi Franck Junior Adenyo"] | [] | unknown | not established | public_geographic_connection | No public geographic link established in the reviewed identity chain. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/analist", "basis": "Public publisher identity. No attributable geographic location established by the reviewed sources; this is not evidence of non-UK location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:17.239800+00:00"}] | {} | [] | null | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"analist/poetlm-29m-pretrain": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "analist/poetlm-29m-sft": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"analist/poetlm-29m-pretrain": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "analist/poetlm-29m-sft": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1, "from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 2} | {"best_country_estimate": "Togo", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "medium", "estimate_type": "inferred_from_named_research_event_and_founder_identity", "estimate_period": null, "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "HF identifies Kossi Franck Junior Adenyo. The linked Pa... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/analist", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "finding": "Cached publisher identity, biography and outward links reviewed; Followed Kossi Franck Junior Adenyo’s HF and ParvusAI organisation. Previously indexed ParvusAI team text names him, but its current HTTP site is domain parking and HTTPS ... | country_estimate | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
anarlavrenov | user | individual | individual | Anar Lavrenov | https://huggingface.co/anarlavrenov | 1 | ["anarlavrenov/lime-1b-instruct"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/anarlavrenov", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://ua.linkedin.com/in/anar-lavrenov", "basis": "HF directly linked LinkedIn self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Anar Lavrenov"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Ukraine | public_geographic_connection | Kyiv | [{"url": "https://ua.linkedin.com/in/anar-lavrenov", "basis": "HF directly linked LinkedIn self-reported location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"anarlavrenov/lime-1b-instruct": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"anarlavrenov/lime-1b-instruct": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
andreipb | user | individual | individual | Andrei Popescu-Belis | https://huggingface.co/andreipb | 1 | ["andreipb/gpt2-poetry-model-crpo"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/andreipb", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/andreipb", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:18.178098+00:00"}] | ["Andrei Popescu-Belis"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Switzerland | identified_individual_or_creator | Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland | [{"url": "https://github.com/andreipb", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:18.178098+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"andreipb/gpt2-poetry-model-crpo": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"andreipb/gpt2-poetry-model-crpo": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Andrew5057 | user | individual | individual | Andrew Yim | https://huggingface.co/Andrew5057 | 1 | ["Andrew5057/gpt-backstory-generator"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Andrew5057", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Andrew5057", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:26.007142+00:00"}] | ["Andrew Yim"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | public_geographic_connection | United States | [{"url": "https://github.com/Andrew5057", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:38:26.007142+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"Andrew5057/gpt-backstory-generator": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Andrew5057/gpt-backstory-generator": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
andrewkroening | user | individual | individual | Andrew Kroening | https://huggingface.co/andrewkroening | 3 | ["andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-HanSolo", "andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-Vader", "andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-Yoda"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/andrewkroening", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-kroening", "basis": "Public professional profile self-reported location; identity linked directly from HF.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Andrew Kroening"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | public_geographic_connection | Washington, District of Columbia | [{"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-kroening", "basis": "Public professional profile self-reported location; identity linked directly from HF.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-HanSolo": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-Vader": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_fundi... | {"andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-HanSolo": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGPT-Vader": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "andrewkroening/GalaxyFarAway-DialoGP... | {"derived": 3} | {"unknown": 3} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AndrewThompson1233 | user | individual | individual | Andrew Thompson | https://huggingface.co/AndrewThompson1233 | 1 | ["AndrewThompson1233/maba-v1-101m-test"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AndrewThompson1233", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/AndrewThompson1233/ai-code-review-agent/blob/main/README.md", "basis": "readme_content_reviewed", "finding": "Verified profile, six displayed READMEs (Maba v1/v1.5, AI code review, burstvnc, crypto intelligen... | ["Andrew Thompson"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Ukraine | platform_reported_account_country | HF directly links X; X profile visibly backlinks exact HF/GitHub AndrewThompson1233. The profile Joined link opens About this account, visibly reporting Account based in Ukraine. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AndrewThompson1233", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30", "finding": "HF names Andrew Thompson and links GitHub/X; BRODILOFT membership page describes a two-person AI testing company, with no office. Nine models and one chess dataset inspected; dataset has706,000 Stockfish positions, no biograp... | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | City and dated training location remain unstated. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AndrewThompson1233/maba-v1-101m-test": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AndrewThompson1233/maba-v1-101m-test": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": "Ukraine", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "high", "estimate_type": "platform_reported_account_country", "estimate_period": "observed 2026-10-31", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "HF directly links X; X profile visibly backlinks exact HF/G... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AndrewThompson1233", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30", "finding": "HF names Andrew Thompson and links GitHub/X; BRODILOFT membership page describes a two-person AI testing company, with no office. Nine models and one chess dataset inspected; dataset has706,000 Stockfish positions, no biograp... | country_reported | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
AneekC | user | individual | individual | Aneek Chattopadhyay | https://huggingface.co/AneekC | 2 | ["AneekC/quipu-114m", "AneekC/quipu-moe-1B-A149M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AneekC", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://sg.linkedin.com/in/aneek-chattopadhyay-1a253020a", "basis": "Public LinkedIn location; same page explicitly links AneekC/quipu-114m, establishing identity.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Aneek Chattopadhyay"] | ["aneek-chattopadhyay"] | non_uk_public_location | Singapore | public_geographic_connection | Singapore | [{"url": "https://sg.linkedin.com/in/aneek-chattopadhyay-1a253020a", "basis": "Public LinkedIn location; same page explicitly links AneekC/quipu-114m, establishing identity.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {"aneek-chattopadhyay": "yes"} | ["university_attendance_documented_for_linked_person", "documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "aneek-chattopadhyay: university attendance", "aneek-chattopadhyay: institutional or industry affiliation", "aneek-chattopadhyay: UK natural-language model building not established", "aneek-chattopadhyay: UK from-scratch n... | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {"aneek-chattopadhyay": "yes"} | [] | [{"person_id": "aneek-chattopadhyay", "name": "Aneek Chattopadhyay", "university_ever": "yes", "institutional_affiliation_ever": "yes", "institutional_route": "yes", "UK_schooling": "unknown", "strict_independent": false, "outcome_reasons": ["university attendance", "institutional or industry affiliation", "UK natural-... | {"AneekC/quipu-114m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "AneekC/quipu-moe-1B-A149M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AneekC/quipu-114m": {"hardware": "1 RTX5060 Laptop8GB;45h22m", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "unknown"}, "AneekC/quipu-moe-1B-A149M": {"hardware": "1 rented RTX5090 32GB;USD18.75 session/data-build ledger", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "unknown"}} | {"from_scratch": 2} | {"no": 2} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
anonym5035 | user | individual | individual | Soham Jain | https://huggingface.co/anonym5035 | 1 | ["anonym5035/XpertGPT-BabyLM2026-Strict-Small"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/anonym5035", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.60.pdf", "basis": "Paper author affiliation, not individual residence", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Soham Jain", "Harsh Singh", "Divija Dewan", "Atul Dev"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | public_geographic_connection | IIT Roorkee, India (October2026 project affiliation) | [{"url": "https://aclanthology.org/2026.babylm-main.60.pdf", "basis": "Paper author affiliation, not individual residence", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"anonym5035/XpertGPT-BabyLM2026-Strict-Small": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"anonym5035/XpertGPT-BabyLM2026-Strict-Small": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
anshullpal | user | individual | individual | Anshul Pal | https://huggingface.co/anshullpal | 1 | ["anshullpal/ByteZira-Vaani-350M-pretrain-base-model"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/anshullpal", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/anshullpal", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:19.087841+00:00"}] | ["Anshul Pal"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | India | identified_individual_or_creator | Shahjahanpur UP | [{"url": "https://github.com/anshullpal", "basis": "self_reported_profile_location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:19.087841+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"anshullpal/ByteZira-Vaani-350M-pretrain-base-model": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"anshullpal/ByteZira-Vaani-350M-pretrain-base-model": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
anthonym21 | user | individual | individual | Anthony Maio | https://huggingface.co/anthonym21 | 1 | ["anthonym21/Eve-2-MoE-272M"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/anthonym21", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/anthony-maio", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:39.008608+00:00"}] | ["Anthony Maio"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | United States | public_geographic_connection | Connecticut, United States | [{"url": "https://github.com/anthony-maio", "basis": "Public self-declared location on the GitHub profile explicitly linked by the Hugging Face publisher. Country normalized from place name.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:39.008608+00:00"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"anthonym21/Eve-2-MoE-272M": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"anthonym21/Eve-2-MoE-272M": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
AnthonyPa57 | user | individual | individual | Antoni Pawłowicz | https://huggingface.co/AnthonyPa57 | 5 | ["AnthonyPa57/ChemMultiRegressor-65M-38H", "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E", "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E-grpo", "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E-grpo-icl", "AnthonyPa57/CirillaMTP-0.1B-3E"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AnthonyPa57", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4994-8981", "basis": "Author self-asserted ORCID employment location; linked by same LIBS paper/repository.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Antoni Pawłowicz"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Poland | public_geographic_connection | Gdansk, Pomerania, Poland | [{"url": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4994-8981", "basis": "Author self-asserted ORCID employment location; linked by same LIBS paper/repository.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"AnthonyPa57/ChemMultiRegressor-65M-38H": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "Antho... | {"AnthonyPa57/ChemMultiRegressor-65M-38H": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "AnthonyPa57/Cirilla-0.3B-4E-grpo": {"hardware": "not establ... | {"derived": 4, "unresolved": 1} | {"unknown": 5} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Aobangaming | user | individual | individual | AobanZ | https://huggingface.co/Aobangaming | 2 | ["Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft", "Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft-src"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Aobangaming", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["AobanZ"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Thailand | direct channel-country field; inferred creator base | Actual channel About dialog explicitly lists Thailand. It links aobanweb.com, confirming the creator-linked channel identity. The prior raw request returned a consent page. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Aobangaming", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Previously inspected creator identity chain; relevant compact findings reused.", "reused": true}, {"url": "https://github.com/Aobangaming", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Previously inspected creator identity chain; releva... | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Exact university/institution history unstated; earliest own backbone initialization script absent. Thailand build-base estimate is medium nearby-date inference, while actual reported compute region remains Asia. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft-src": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft": {"hardware": "NVIDIA RTX3050 6GB, own computer; Windows11 and Intel i5-10400 context", "source": "Own computer", "physical_country": "not established"}, "Aobangaming/lightning-30m-ft-src": {"hardware": "NVIDIA RTX3050 6GB, own computer; Windows11 and Intel i5-10400 context", "source": "... | {"derived": 2} | {"no": 2} | {"best_country_estimate": "Thailand", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "high", "estimate_type": "direct channel-country field; inferred creator base", "estimate_period": "current at 31 October 2026 browser inspection", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "Actual channel... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Aobangaming", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Previously inspected creator identity chain; relevant compact findings reused.", "reused": true}, {"url": "https://github.com/Aobangaming", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Previously inspected creator identity chain; releva... | country_reported | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
aonee | user | individual_project | individual | kumaran | https://huggingface.co/aonee | 1 | ["aonee/medical-gpt-50m"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/aonee", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Kumaran"] | [] | unknown | not established | public_geographic_connection | No public geographic link established in the reviewed identity chain. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/aonee", "basis": "Public publisher identity. No attributable geographic location established by the reviewed sources; this is not evidence of non-UK location.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:16.569284+00:00"}] | {} | [] | HF profile names Kumaran but has no outbound personal identity link. Actual Community and Posts tabs show no public activity. Existing AxoneAI / axonee citation and same-handle candidate branches were already checked without an attributable geographic biography. | unresolved | {} | [] | [] | {"aonee/medical-gpt-50m": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"aonee/medical-gpt-50m": {"hardware": "NVIDIA L4 24GB", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": null, "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "not_established", "estimate_type": "unresolved", "estimate_period": null, "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "No country-bearing fact in the established creator identity chain supports a useful location ... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/aonee", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "finding": "Cached publisher identity, biography and outward links reviewed; Read the HF profile, exact medical-gpt-50m card and commit history. Uploads are by kumaran; the citation says AxoneAI/axonee, but that HF spelling is404 and the same-handle ... | unresolved | 2026-10-31 | null | null | null | null |
AppleMind-AI | org | model_archive | organisation_or_collective | AppleMind Archive | https://huggingface.co/AppleMind-AI | 1 | ["AppleMind-AI/AppleMind-1.0-Mini"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/AppleMind-AI", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/GGUFGuy", "basis": "Contributor identity chain, not location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Novi-AI", "basis": "fetched_read", "finding": "Followed Novi-AI/AppleMind creator GGU... | ["GGUFGuy"] | [] | unknown | not established | unknown | Current personal/professional location unresolved; see case findings. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/GGUFGuy", "basis": "Contributor identity chain, not location", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Novi-AI", "basis": "fetched_read", "finding": "Followed Novi-AI/AppleMind creator GGUFGuy and searched the distinctive creator/project aliases. Public material st... | {} | ["organisation_or_collective_publisher"] | Exact country/city within inferred Pacific-time western NorthAmerica are unstated.; University-ever and employment outside the explicitly denied AI-developer employment are unstated.; Physical Colab compute country and builder location during the August training run are not documented.; One exposed non-cohort creator d... | region_or_timezone_clue | {} | [] | [] | {"AppleMind-AI/AppleMind-1.0-Mini": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"AppleMind-AI/AppleMind-1.0-Mini": {"hardware": "NVIDIA L4 (22.03 GB VRAM reported by training log)", "source": "Google Colab Pro, L4 High-RAM runtime", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"from_scratch": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | {"best_country_estimate": null, "best_region_estimate": "Western North America / Pacific Time", "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "medium", "estimate_type": "inferred from creator explicit local timezone statement", "estimate_period": "Creator timezone statement dated23September2026; read31October2026"... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/GGUFGuy", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Contributor identity chain, not location", "evidence_reused": true}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Novi-AI", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Followed Novi-AI/AppleMind creator GGUFGuy and searched the distinctive creator/proj... | region_estimate | 2026-10-31 | [{"source_url": "https://huggingface.co/Refract-Labs/code-fdsp-v2/discussions/1", "access_date": "2026-10-31", "event_date": "2026-09-30", "finding": "Creator says not currently a student and develops/trains own models independently but is not employed as an AI developer. Does not establish never attended university."}... | null | null | null |
ar08 | user | individual | individual | Aritra Roy | https://huggingface.co/ar08 | 2 | ["ar08/Chat-Doctor", "ar08/Llama-bengali"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/ar08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Xennon-BD", "basis": "own_org_bio_with_member_crosslink", "finding": "One-member org links ar08 and says its author Aritra is from Bangladesh.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Aritra Roy"] | [] | unknown | not established | identified_individual_or_creator | No public geographic link established in the reviewed identity chain. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/ar08", "basis": "cached_profile_and_current_linked_content", "finding": "HF names Aritra Roy,49 models,1 dataset,31Spaces, and membership in Xennon-BD. That one-member org links ar08 and explicitly describes its author Aritra as from Bangladesh. All accessible own dataset/Space cards, d... | {} | ["all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Retained Bangladesh origin connection/current-base estimate from sole-member organisation biography. July2024 build country, training hardware/duration and university/institution history are unreported. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"ar08/Chat-Doctor": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}, "ar08/Llama-bengali": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"ar08/Chat-Doctor": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}, "ar08/Llama-bengali": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 2} | {"unknown": 2} | {"best_country_estimate": "Bangladesh", "best_region_estimate": null, "best_city_estimate": null, "estimate_confidence": "medium", "estimate_type": "inferred", "estimate_period": "observed 30-31 October 2026; current location estimate unless noted", "source_url": null, "estimate_basis": "HF ar08 is linked to the sole-m... | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/ar08", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Aritra Roy; linked Xennon-BD organisation.", "reused": true}, {"url": "https://huggingface.co/Xennon-BD", "access_date": "2026-10-30", "finding": "Sole-member organisation biography identifies Aritra as from Bangladesh.", "reused": true}] | country_estimate | 2026-11-01 | null | null | null | null |
Ar4ikov | user | individual | individual | Nikita Davidchuk | https://huggingface.co/Ar4ikov | 1 | ["Ar4ikov/gpt2-650k-stable-diffusion-prompt-generator"] | Saved publisher profile and linked identity evidence; platform user/org type is retained separately. | [{"url": "https://huggingface.co/Ar4ikov", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}, {"url": "https://github.com/Ar4ikov", "basis": "Public geographic self-description, identity linked from HF profile or exact model source repository and personal CV.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | ["Nikita Davidchuk"] | [] | non_uk_public_location | Russia | public_geographic_connection | Rostov-on-Don | [{"url": "https://github.com/Ar4ikov", "basis": "Public geographic self-description, identity linked from HF profile or exact model source repository and personal CV.", "accessed_at": "2026-10-30"}] | {} | ["documented_non_uk_geographic_connection", "all_frozen_releases_derived_untrained_or_mirrors"] | Builder location at model-development time is not established unless stated in the model-level table. | non_uk_connection_or_estimate | {} | [] | [] | {"Ar4ikov/gpt2-650k-stable-diffusion-prompt-generator": {"institutional_affiliation_at_build": "unknown", "project_backing": "unknown", "external_project_funding": "unknown"}} | {"Ar4ikov/gpt2-650k-stable-diffusion-prompt-generator": {"hardware": "not established", "source": "unknown", "physical_country": "not established"}} | {"derived": 1} | {"unknown": 1} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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What About the Independents Then: Investigating Small Large Language Models in the UK
Phillip Charles O'Brien (Eden Eldith) · 3 November 2026 · Version 1.2.1
Published preprint. Version 1.2.1 was published on Zenodo on 3 November 2026, with the paper, companion appendix, source and data archives.
All versions: 10.5281/zenodo.23923241 · This version (1.2.1): 10.5281/zenodo.23923242
The frozen 30 October cohort contains 917 model repositories and 495 publishing accounts. Hugging Face is the GitHub of open-source models. The study follows released work to UK builders outside university and institutional routes, and shows what company-centred sovereign-AI inventories miss. Britain needs to discover, support and retain the people who already build domestic models; a company inventory leaves independent work outside its starting population.
The paper argues that the race through recursive self-improvement (RSI), AGI and ASI makes domestic model-building urgent: Britain must become a producer or risk becoming a vassal state dependent on other powers. It examines the 2026 Hugging Face intrusion and the responders' blocked access to hosted-model analysis as a concrete failure of operational independence. It connects that evidence to the limits of the National Security Strategy's baseline ambition, active defence, talent retention and a national model-building programme. Practical proposals include regional compute, distributed training, learning routes and apprenticeships with a stake in inventions.
The sovereignty discussion also connects Rupert Lowe's calls for sovereign AI on 24 October and cyber defence and British technical expertise on 2 November to the paper's argument. As leader of Restore Britain, he expresses the same urgency about national capability; the census asks how Britain will discover and support the independent builders who could help deliver it.
Read the paper · Full 495-account appendix · Dataset · Published Zenodo record · Original deposit package
Citation
O'Brien, P. C. (2026). What About the Independents Then: Investigating Small Large Language Models in the UK (Version 1.2.1) [Preprint]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23923242
Use the version DOI above to cite this release, and record the Hugging Face commit used for data analysis. The all-versions DOI represents the work across releases and resolves to the latest version.
Actual results
| Measure | Count |
|---|---|
| Frozen accounts / model repositories | 495 / 917 |
| Reviewed individual / organisation or collective / unresolved account identities | 398 / 86 / 11 |
| Primary current/model-period UK-connected people | 19 |
| UK builders / UK-built model entries | 5 / 7 |
| UK from-scratch builders / model entries | 3 / 5 |
| Institutional-route builders among the 5 UK builders | 4 |
| Institutional routes among the 19 primary UK-connected people | 17 |
| Strict-independent UK from-scratch builders | 1 |
| UK source connections / UK estimates | 10 / 2 |
| UK affiliation only / mixed connections | 1 / 11 |
| Non-UK connections or estimates | 387 |
| Region or timezone clues | 9 |
| Unresolved account geography / associated models | 75 / 98 |
The confirmed strict-independent case is Phillip Charles O'Brien / WiggleGPT. UK development includes 1 model with direct project-location evidence and 6 inferred from dated professional locations. Pietro Lesci is counted as a joint builder of three PolyPythias releases; the exact division of training operations is not established. The builders are O'Brien, Ahmad Bader, Augusto B. Corrêa, Xinyu Bai and Lesci. O'Brien, Bader and Lesci have from-scratch entries.
The geographic table uses the updated account assessments. The legacy source-location category remains in the data as source history. Follow-through of 151 formerly unanswered accounts supplies 66 country assessments: 23 high, 26 medium and 17 low confidence. Country estimates remain estimates with their confidence and source basis; region-only evidence retains the region. Builder location during training is recorded separately.
Whole-cohort provenance: 457 from-scratch, 352 derived, 36 mirrors, 60 untrained, 12 unresolved. Labelled origin inferences cover 237 entries, including 154 of the from-scratch classifications. Each inference retains its confidence and source basis, alongside explicit publisher statements and detailed model assessments. Repository, training-run and person counts remain separate.
Definitions and fixed population
Text Generation · English · PyTorch · under 1B · Base only · Recently Updated · no name search. The archived API and website identifier sets agree. Membership was not expanded or recollected. Base is a discovery tag, not proof of fresh initialisation.
UK-built refers to the builder's location during development and training; foreign cloud GPUs are a separate field. Strict independence requires no university attendance anywhere (including incomplete study), no institutional affiliation, including a technology day job, and affirmative independent-project evidence. Employment and project sponsorship remain distinct. All overlapping exclusions and unknowns remain in the appendix. No name-based or inferred-demographic analysis is included.
Files and reproduction
The dataset supplies the frozen models_all.csv and accounts.csv, compact *_inventory_annotations.jsonl and builder_classification_inputs.json, all-account/model inventories, 35 person classifications, 55 detailed model decisions, computed statistics, descriptive summaries, provenance comparisons, context sources and a file-hash manifest. Source links and relevant evidence are public; private recordings, instructions, access logs and working notes are excluded.
The education context includes all 222 official DfE source observations and a complete 24-row ethnicity/sex/FSM comparison. The paper shows male and female rates for FSM and non-FSM pupils across Black African, Caribbean, mixed-background, Asian, White, other and unknown categories. Original pupil denominators and HE entrant counts are retained in the accompanying CSVs.
With Python 3.10 or later, install requirements.txt, then download this revision's data using python scripts/download_data.py --revision DATASET_COMMIT_SHA. Use the dataset's commit history to select the immutable revision; the downloader will not overwrite different local files without --overwrite.
python scripts/analyse.py
python scripts/build_appendix.py
These commands reproduce categories, counts, generated paper tables and appendix from released evidence, without fresh web searches. On Windows with MiKTeX and Biber, ./scripts/build_paper.ps1 builds the main paper. python scripts/package_review.py stages the allowlisted public data and builds matching source, data and Zenodo packages. Packaging never publishes automatically.
The original crest and author cover are retained, and earlier versions remain in repository history. The PDFs and source/data ZIPs match the files published on Zenodo. The original deposit package retains its preparation-time guide and metadata; the repository pages and citation file now record the published DOIs. The deposited source snapshot is GitHub commit 0de665f; use that snapshot to reproduce the deposited source bundle.
Method · Paper source · ORCID
Original code: MIT. Original annotations and paper: CC BY 4.0. Third-party model metadata and official statistics retain their source rights. I created WiggleGPT and supplied this paper's research question, interpretation and substantive narrative. As a disabled independent researcher, I used Sol 6.1 (ultra effort, OpenAI) as an accessibility and writing aid, alongside research assistance from Astra (OpenAI) and Claude (Anthropic), under my direction.
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