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3,546 | 568 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 26 | 23 | 248 | of the plane's occupants received minor injuries. In Hainan, Koni caused heavy rainfall, peaking at 189 mm (7.44 in) at a station on Wuzhi Mountain. The rains resulted in the collapse of 1,400 homes and an estimated CN ¥ 140.27 million (US $ 16.9 million) in direct economic losses. Effects were worst in Vietnam, where ... |
3,886 | 628 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 27 | 23 | 248 | .29 inHg). This intensity was held for several hours until less conducive atmospheric conditions slightly weakened the system; this was followed by Morakot making landfall on southern Taiwan on August 3. Subsequently, the storm weakened and moved into the Taiwan Strait before making its final landfall near Quanzhou, Ch... |
3,862 | 624 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 28 | 23 | 249 | 29 million) and one death was reported. Power outages were also widespread across southeastern China. Due to preexisting drought conditions, 703 cloud seeding operations took place in order to artificially generate added rainfall; such operations resulted in moderate precipitation over the targeted area. Overall, Morak... |
3,202 | 516 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 29 | 23 | 248 | , the cyclone became extratropical on August 9 and dissipated three days later.
While passing northeast of the Philippines, the typhoon caused light damage in the archipelago. The eye crossed over Okinawa, where Etau left 166,800 people without power and caused 10 injuries. Near where Etau first struck Japan, Muroto re... |
3,938 | 644 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 30 | 23 | 249 | ough east of Chuuk State on August 13. Despite rather favorable conditions, the initial tropical depression did not intensify significantly and degenerated into a remnant low on August 18. However, these remnants were able to reorganize and the system was reclassified as a tropical cyclone a day later. Intensification ... |
3,926 | 608 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 31 | 23 | 248 | demise the following day.
Krovanh first struck the Philippines, resulting in heavy rainfall and displacing approximately 1,000 families. The flooding caused severe damage and killed one person. Krovanh's effects were much more severe in China. In Hong Kong, eleven people were injured and isolated flooding occurred as a... |
3,930 | 636 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 32 | 23 | 248 | and five others were injured in Vietnam. Overall, the typhoon was responsible for the deaths of four persons.
=== Tropical Storm Vamco (Manang) ===
The monsoon trough spawned several tropical disturbances in the middle of August, one of which became Tropical Depression Lakay near the Philippines. On August 18, an are... |
3,002 | 516 | 4 | 997 | 248 | 33 | 23 | 247 | Rainfall in Taiwan reached 69 mm (2.7 in) in Ilan County. On the island, the storm left several hundred houses without power due to a lightning strike. On mainland China, rainfall peaked at 101 mm (4.0 in) in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, which were largely beneficial in easing drought conditions, while winds gusted to 100 km / h... |
3,354 | 596 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 34 | 23 | 248 | day PAGASA began issuing advisories on Tropical Storm Onyok. The storm quickly intensified into a typhoon, after developing an eye in the center. On September 1, the JMA estimated Dujuan attained peak 10 minute winds of 150 km / h (90 mph), and the JTWC assessed peak 1 – minute winds of 230 km / h (145 mph). While near... |
3,142 | 536 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 35 | 23 | 247 | interacted with the monsoon to produce heavy rainfall, killing one person. While in the vicinity, Dujuan produced gusts of 100 km / h (62 mph) on Yonaguni, a Japanese subdivision of Okinawa. Heavy rainfall in Taiwan reached 628 mm (24.7 in) in Pingtung County, and winds peaked at 176 km / h (109 mph) on Orchid Island b... |
3,594 | 588 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 36 | 23 | 247 | homes were destroyed. Overall damage in China was estimated at ¥ 2.3 billion (CNY, $ 277 million USD), and across Guangdong, the typhoon killed 40 people.
=== Typhoon Maemi (Pogi) ===
Typhoon Maemi formed on September 4 from the monsoon trough in the western Pacific Ocean. It slowly intensified into a tropical storm ... |
3,326 | 584 | 4 | 1,000 | 247 | 37 | 23 | 247 | intensity before it made landfall just west of Busan, South Korea on September 12. On Jeju Island, Maemi produced a peak wind gust of 216 km / h (134 mph) and a minimum pressure of 950 mbar (28 inHg), both setting records for the country, and making it the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea since record-keepin... |
3,406 | 540 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 38 | 23 | 249 | ako-jima after being struck by flying glass. Elsewhere in Japan, the storm caused flights to be canceled, while rainfall-induced landslides blocked roads. There were two other deaths in Japan, and damage totaled ¥ 11.3 billion (JPY, $ 96 million USD). Damage was heaviest in South Korea, notably where it moved ashore. W... |
3,502 | 568 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 39 | 23 | 248 | trillion won ($ 4.8 billion USD).
=== Typhoon Choi-wan (Roskas) ===
In the middle of September, the monsoon trough spawned a rapidly organizing disturbance east-northeast of Luzon, with weak wind shear and favorable conditions. On September 16, the JMA classified it as a tropical depression, and the JTWC initiated ad... |
2,950 | 508 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 40 | 23 | 248 | (80 mph), and the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 185 km / h (115 mph) on September 21, after Choi-wan developed a well-defined eye. The typhoon weakened due to increasing wind shear, deteriorating to severe tropical storm status on September 22 before JMA declared it extratropical on September 23. The remnants o... |
3,194 | 508 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 41 | 23 | 248 | in) on Miyake-jima. In Okinawa, Choi-wan flooded a boat, forcing its occupants to be rescued by the Coast Guard. Also on the island, heavy rainfall caused landslides and flooded houses. In Amami Ōshima, the storm left 10,810 people without power. On Hachijō, wind gusts of 214 km / h (133 mph) damaged about 200 houses. ... |
3,374 | 564 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 42 | 23 | 249 | pression intensified into Tropical Storm Koppu on September 26. After the storm developed a large eye feature, the JTWC upgraded it to typhoon status on September 27, although the JMA did not follow suit until the following day while near Chichi-jima. Also that day, Koppu passed 95 km (60 mi) west of Iwo Jima, and the ... |
3,398 | 580 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 43 | 23 | 248 | to 200 km / h (124 mph), which was the third strongest on record for the station. Rainfall there reached 183 mm (7.2 in). Wind gusts on Iwo Jima peaked at 109 km / h (68 mph).
=== Typhoon Ketsana (Tisoy) ===
In the middle of October, an area of convection persisted along the monsoon trough between Luzon and Guam, dev... |
3,538 | 584 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 44 | 23 | 248 | the JMA estimated peak winds of 165 km / h (105 mph). The JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 230 km / h (145 mph) around the time the well-defined eye had expanded to 37 km (23 mi). Subsequently, the typhoon accelerated northeastward into the westerlies and began weakening due to increasing wind shear and dry air. O... |
3,406 | 588 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 45 | 23 | 248 | and the JMA upgraded it to Tropical Storm Parma on October 21. After an eye began to form, Parma was upgraded to typhoon status the next day. An approaching trough caused Parma to accelerate northeastward while also increasing outflow. On October 24, the JMA estimated peak winds of 175 km / h (110 mph) while the JTWC e... |
3,554 | 584 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 46 | 23 | 248 | in diameter developed, and on October 28, the JMA re-upgraded Parma to typhoon status. The next day, the typhoon turned to the northeast due to another approaching trough. With decreasing wind shear and warmer waters, Parma re-intensified significantly on October 29, reaching a secondary peak of 165 km / h (105 mph) ac... |
3,718 | 632 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 47 | 23 | 247 | quickly organized into a tropical depression on October 29. Moving west-northwestward toward the Philippines due to a ridge to the east, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Melor on October 30. With minimal wind shear, the storm strengthened further and developed a large eye. The JTWC upgraded Melor to typho... |
3,726 | 564 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 48 | 23 | 248 | or continued northeastward. It became extratropical on November 5 and dissipated the next day near southern Japan.
In the Philippines, Melor dropped about 150 mm (6 in) of rainfall, which flooded the Cagayan River and killed four people. In Taiwan, rainfall reached 554 mm (21.8 in) in Pingtung County. On the Japanese i... |
3,562 | 568 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 49 | 23 | 248 | . At around 1600 UTC on November 13, Nepartak made landfall on northern Samar Island in the Philippines before traversing the remainder of the archipelago from east to west. The cyclone emerged into the South China Sea weakened but quickly re-intensified while continuing to the west-northwest. The JTWC estimated peak w... |
3,298 | 560 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 50 | 23 | 248 | . According to the PAGASA in its post-storm report, a total of 13 people lost their lives during the storm. On Hainan, the storm helped end one of the worst summer droughts in almost 65 years, although it also left heavy crop damage, wrecking 64,000 ha (160,000 acres) of fields and killing 400 head of livestock. With a... |
3,338 | 568 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 51 | 23 | 248 | the northwest, during which it passed near several islands in Yap State. The typhoon reached peak intensity on November 26, with peak 10 – minute sustained winds of 185 km / h (115 mph). It later weakened due to a variety of unfavorable conditions, and after recurving to the northeast, Lupit became extratropical south ... |
3,938 | 640 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 52 | 23 | 248 | $ 1.7 million, although there were no deaths. The damage prompted the FSM government to declare two states as disaster areas, as well as a disaster declaration from the United States federal government. While Lupit was becoming extratropical, it became the first typhoon in December to threaten Japan in 13 years. The st... |
3,734 | 600 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 53 | 23 | 248 | the convection decreased from the center, and by May 20, all warning agencies had discontinued advisories.
On July 9, PAGASA classified a system as Tropical Depression Falcon, off the west coast of the Philippines. The JMA also briefly initiated advisories before dropping them later on July 9. Later in the month, PAGAS... |
3,842 | 604 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 54 | 23 | 248 | .4 mm (3.24 in) in Xiamen, Fujuan.
On September 5, former Hurricane Jimena crossed the International Date Line into the basin. By that time, the circulation was largely exposed from the convection, and the center quickly dissipated. Later in the month, the monsoon trough spawned a disturbance east of the Philippines th... |
3,566 | 576 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 55 | 23 | 249 | 153 mm (6.0 in) in Ilan County. A few days later, the JTWC monitored Tropical Depression 19W, which developed on October 12 after an extratropical storm produced an area of convection. Described as a subtropical low, the depression moved generally northeastward toward Japan due to an approaching cold front. The depress... |
4,058 | 648 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 56 | 23 | 248 | ASA as Ursula. The system moved eastward and crossed Palawan before dissipating on October 24. In the Philippines, the depression killed one person and caused minor damage. Also in October, the monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression in the Gulf of Thailand, which moved northwestward and crossed into the Indian Oc... |
4,090 | 600 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 57 | 23 | 249 | ated on December 27, bringing heavy rainfall.
== Storm names ==
Within the North-western Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can resul... |
4,526 | 728 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 58 | 23 | 248 | PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee. Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.
=== International names ===
During the season 21 named tropical cyclones developed in the... |
3,966 | 640 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 59 | 23 | 248 | The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2007 season. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.
=== Retirement ===
The names Imbudo and Maemi were retired by the ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee. The names Molave and Mujigae were chosen to replace Imbudo and Maemi respectively. While Yanyan ... |
534 | 88 | 4 | 114 | 27 | 60 | 23 | 27 | s entering from the Central Pacific only include their information while in the western Pacific, and are noted with an asterisk *.
s entering from the Central Pacific only include their information while in the western Pacific, and are noted with an asterisk *.
s entering from the Central Pacific only include the... |
3,738 | 512 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 0 | 24 | 249 | = Oxaziridine =
An oxaziridine is an organic molecule that features a three-membered heterocycle containing oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. In their largest application, oxazidines are intermediates in the industrial production of hydrazine. Oxaziridine derivatives are also used as specialized reagents in organic chemi... |
3,578 | 528 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 1 | 24 | 249 |
Oxaziridine derivatives were first reported in the mid-1950s by Emmons and subsequently by Krimm and Horner and Jürgens. Whereas oxygen and nitrogen typically act as nucleophiles due to their high electronegativity, oxaziridines allow for electrophilic transfer of both heteroatoms. This unusual reactivity is due to th... |
3,226 | 456 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 2 | 24 | 249 | ation.
The Peroxide process for the industrial production of hydrazine through the oxidation of ammonia with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ketones was developed in the early 1970s.
Chiral camphorsulfonyloxaziridines proved useful in the syntheses of complex natural product, such as taxol which is marketed as a c... |
3,486 | 480 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 3 | 24 | 248 | aziridines. Some oxaziridines have the unique property of configurationally stable nitrogen atoms at room temperature due to an inversion barrier of 24 to 31 kcal / mol. Enantiopure oxaziridines where stereochemistry is entirely due to configurationally stable nitrogen are reported.
=== N-Sulfonyloxaziridines ===
In ... |
3,226 | 448 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 4 | 24 | 248 | orinated oxaziridines ===
With highly electron withdrawing perfluoroalkyl substituents, oxaziridines exhibit reactivity more similar to that of dioxiranes than typical oxaziridines. Notably, perfluoroalkyloxaziridines hydroxylate certain C-H bonds with high selectivity. Perfluorinated oxaziridines may be synthesized b... |
3,010 | 448 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 5 | 24 | 248 | NH3 + H2O2 → Me (Et) CONH + H2O
In subsequent steps the oxaziridine is converted to the hydrazone, which is the immediate en route to hydrazine:
Me (Et) CONH + NH3 → Me (Et) C = NNH2 + H2O
=== Oxygen transfer ===
==== α-Hydroxylation of enolates ====
α-Hydroxyketones, or acyloins, are an important synthetic motifs ... |
3,766 | 536 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 6 | 24 | 248 | xaziridines is that higher chiral induction is almost invariably observed relative to MoOPH and other oxidants. High yield (77-91 %) and dr (95: 5 - 99: 1) are reported for α-hydroxylation with the Evans' chiral auxiliary with N-sulfonyloxaziridine as the electrophile. Chiral induction has been demonstrated with many o... |
3,578 | 540 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 7 | 24 | 249 | 3c in the table above. In these instances it is proposed that the reaction proceeds through a closed transition state where the metal oxyanion is stabilized by chelation from the sulfate and coordinating groups on the camphor skeleton.
α-Hydroxylation with oxaziridines has been widely implemented in total synthesis. It... |
3,690 | 464 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 8 | 24 | 248 | ) -Chaetominine was synthesized via oxaziridine epoxidation as a late stage transformation as seen below.
Another transformation of high synthetic utility is asymmetric epoxidation. A number of asymmetric epoxidations exist: the Sharpless epoxidation, the Jacobsen-Katsuki epoxidation, and the Juliá-Colonna Epoxidation.... |
3,430 | 456 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 9 | 24 | 248 | al. have investigated asymmetric epoxidation with a chiral oxaziridinium salt using oxone as the stoichiometric oxidant seen below.
==== Hydroxylation of unactivated hydrocarbons ====
Perfluorinated oxaziridines are known to hydroxylate unactivated hydrocarbons with remarkable regio, and diastereospecificity. This is... |
3,778 | 508 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 10 | 24 | 249 | ines with unsubstituted or acylated nitrogens are capable of nitrogen atom transfer, although this reactivity has received considerably less attention.
==== Amination of N-nucleophiles ====
Amination of nucleophiles with N-unsubstituted oxaziridines is quite versatile in the breadth of possible nucleophiles and corre... |
4,210 | 620 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 11 | 24 | 249 | ophiles. Very few transfers of acylated nitrogens to carbon nucleophiles have been successfully performed, although some do exist in the literature.
=== Rearrangements ===
Oxaziridines have been found to undergo rearrangement reactions via a radical mechanism when irradiated with UV light or in the presence of a sing... |
3,302 | 488 | 4 | 886 | 220 | 12 | 24 | 220 | is favored.
Aubé takes advantage of this rearrangement as the key step in his synthesis of (+) -yohimbine, a natural medicine classified by the NIH as possibly effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and the sexual problems caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
It is also notable that oxaziridin... |
3,762 | 592 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 0 | 25 | 249 | = Battle of Dürenstein =
The Battle of Dürenstein (also known as the Battle of Dürrenstein, Battle of Dürnstein and Battle of Diernstein; German: Gefecht bei Dürrenstein), on 11 November 1805 was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition. Dürenstein (modern Dürnstein) is located in th... |
4,154 | 664 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 1 | 25 | 248 | the north bank of the Danube. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, commander of the Coalition force, enticed Mortier to send Gazan's division into a trap and French troops were caught in a valley between two Russian columns. They were rescued by the timely arrival of a second division, under command of Pierre Dupont de l'Éta... |
4,150 | 644 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 2 | 25 | 247 | allegiance to the Holy Roman Empire.
== Background ==
In a series of conflicts from 1803-15 known as the Napoleonic Wars, various European powers formed five coalitions against the First French Empire. Like the wars sparked by the French Revolution (1789), these further revolutionized the formation, organization and ... |
4,158 | 628 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 3 | 25 | 249 | 803-06 the Third Coalition fought the First French Empire and its client states (see table at right). Although several naval battles determined control of the seas, the outcome of the war was decided on the continent, predominantly in two major land operations in the Danube valley: the Ulm campaign in the upper Danube ... |
4,446 | 644 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 4 | 25 | 248 | less, Mack sent an enthusiastic report to Vienna on the military's readiness. Furthermore, after misreading Napoleon's maneuvers in Württemberg, Mack also reported to Vienna on the weakness of French dispositions. His reports convinced the war party advising the emperor, Francis II, to enter the conflict against France... |
3,542 | 584 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 5 | 25 | 248 | the command of such a large army.
=== Road to Ulm ===
The campaign in the upper Danube valley began in October, with several clashes in Swabia. Near the Bavarian town of Wertingen, 40 kilometers (25 mi) northwest of Augsburg, on 8 October the 1st Regiment of dragoons, part of Murat's Reserve Cavalry Corps, and grenad... |
3,510 | 584 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 6 | 25 | 248 | for Vienna. At Haslach, Johann von Klenau arranged his 25,000 infantry and cavalry in a prime defensive position and, on 11 October, the overly confident General of Division Pierre Dupont de l 'Étang attacked Klenau's force with fewer than 8,000 men. The French lost 1,500 men killed and wounded. Aside from taking the I... |
4,182 | 664 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 7 | 25 | 248 | , who was still north of the Danube. In a two-pronged attack Ney sent one division to the south of Elchingen on the right bank of the Danube. This division began the assault at Elchingen. At the same time another division crossed the river to the east and moved west against Riesch's position. After clearing Austrian pi... |
3,826 | 632 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 8 | 25 | 248 | withdrew toward the Ulm fortifications. Napoleon arrived to take personal command of close to 80,000 men. At Ulm on 16 October Karl Mack surrendered his encircled army of 20,000 infantry and 3,273 cavalry. The officers were released on the condition that they not serve against France until formally exchanged for French... |
3,618 | 648 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 9 | 25 | 247 | across the Danube, holding the last one at the hamlet of Stein, near the village Krems, until the late afternoon.
=== Battlefield ===
To the east of Stein, 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) down an old road, lay Krems, with its small population of a few hundred, at the confluence of the stream of that name and the Danube. To the... |
3,854 | 624 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 10 | 25 | 248 | . Because the mountain was sparsely vegetated, it was difficult to distinguish the ruins from the rocks. Narrow canyons cut through the mountain, and widen into the plain below. Between Dürenstein and Stein, on the flood plain, lay the hamlets of Oberloiben and Unterloiben. Near the hamlets, the Loiben flood plain was ... |
4,110 | 672 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 11 | 25 | 248 | rock. From Dürenstein to Krems the river makes its wide curve; the mountains and the steeply terraced slopes prevent clear line-of-sight between the two towns.
=== Dispositions ===
Napoleon had calculated that Kutuzov would withdraw toward Vienna, expecting reinforcements from Russia; he envisioned that the armies wo... |
3,838 | 584 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 12 | 25 | 248 | of the Danube. Operating independently, the corp's cavalry conducted reconnaissance ahead of them and on the flanks. Gen. Gazan's division (about 6,000 men) took the lead; Mortier was with them. They were followed by Gen. Dupont's division (another 4,000) about one day's march behind. Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau's division... |
4,358 | 684 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 13 | 25 | 248 | rols to the east of the town and expelled them. Feeling confident, the French established a forward post just upstream from Stein. In Dürenstein itself Mortier set up his command post and directed the establishment of a small field hospital. Although the position seemed secure, he had ignored Napoleon's strict instruct... |
3,850 | 588 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 14 | 25 | 247 | French division at further risk in the case of retreat. In this decision Kutuzov abandoned Vienna to the French, who were converging on the Austrian capital from the north, west and southwest, for the security of uniting with reinforcements from Galicia. Kutuzov chose a military solution over a political one.
Unknown t... |
3,954 | 664 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 15 | 25 | 248 | suited for patrolling the river bank; indeed, on 9 November they had taken 40 French soldiers as prisoners. Furthermore, reinforcements stood in Moravia, less than two weeks' march away. If the main body of the French army crossed the river, they would require time to prepare. Kutuzov would have ample warning of any la... |
4,030 | 656 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 16 | 25 | 248 | oons were not covering the French flank but had turned north. He also knew, or had made a good supposition, about Napoleon's orders, so he knew what to offer Mortier and Gazan as bait.
=== Battle plan ===
In addition to the Russian generals, the council included Austrian commanders Lieutenant Field Marshal Johann Hei... |
3,562 | 572 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 17 | 25 | 249 | 1824), who had knowledge of the local geography.
Together, Schmitt, Kutuzov and the other generals, with von Stiebar's advice on the local terrain, concocted a plan to encircle the French at Dürenstein. Russian commander Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich would approach Gazan's division from the east, supported by Petr B... |
4,094 | 672 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 18 | 25 | 248 | icircles, planning to pass through the mountains and attack the French, who were extended along the river bank. According to the plan, in late morning Strik's column would emerge from the mountains first and launch a flanking assault on the French right. This flanking attack, combined with Miloradovich's frontal assaul... |
4,186 | 648 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 19 | 25 | 248 | of Miloradovich's troops attacked the French forward positions. Thinking this force was the rumored Russian rear guard, Mortier ordered Gen. Gazan to counterattack and push east towards the town of Stein. Fighting spread though the villages of Oberloiben, Unterloiben and the farm at Rothenhof. Instead of withdrawing, a... |
3,842 | 612 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 20 | 25 | 247 | Russians and forced them back toward Stein while pressing an attack along the river. Miloradovich had no option, for neither Strik's nor Dokhtorov's flanking columns were to be seen.
At this stage of the battle fighting paused. Mortier and Gazan waited for Dupont's arrival while Kutuzov and Miloradovich waited for Stri... |
3,942 | 660 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 21 | 25 | 248 | and his division were trapped when more of Strik's Russians appeared to block their retreat. The narrow defiles hampered the Russians; Strik's men had to march out of the canyons, form ranks and attack in waves. Despite Strik's continuous assault in the next two to three hours, Mortier and Gazan pushed the Russians bac... |
3,954 | 644 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 22 | 25 | 248 | road to Dürenstein. Realizing this would separate him from the forward division, Dupont hustled his troops toward the sound of battle and deployed them to take the Russians in the flank. The French assault, heralded by cannon fire, caused Dokhturov's troops to turn their attention from Gazan's beleaguered force to face... |
4,074 | 676 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 23 | 25 | 248 | another of Russians. With the additional force, the French were overwhelmed, but most of the shooting subsided when the combatants could not tell apart friend from foe in the dark. Under the cover of darkness, Mortier used the French flotilla to evacuate his exhausted troops to the south bank. The French and Russians c... |
3,798 | 588 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 24 | 25 | 249 | 4th Dragoons. The Russians lost around 4,000, about 16 percent of their force, and two regimental colors. The Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Schmitt was killed as the battle concluded, probably by Russian musketry in the confused melee. The vineyards and the villages of Ober- and Unterloiben were destroyed, as was m... |
4,290 | 704 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 25 | 25 | 248 | both sides, the fighting was hard. The weather had been cold; an early storm had left slick icy mud in the roadways, and icicles "like chandeliers" hung from the trees.
For the Coalition, the Russians were secure on the north bank of the Danube, awaiting reinforcements from Galicia; the bridges between Linz and Vienna ... |
4,314 | 696 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 26 | 25 | 248 | , the French force had performed well over difficult terrain and under terrible combat conditions. Initially there had been some panic and parts of at least one French battalion had tried to escape on the flotilla craft. They had lost control of the boats in the current and smashed into the pillars of the burned bridge... |
4,158 | 676 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 27 | 25 | 248 | aware of Mortier's danger and his own culpability for it, vented his frustration on Murat, whom he unjustly accused of abandoning Mortier for the empty glory of riding through Vienna."
After the victory at Austerlitz, Napoleon dispersed the VIII Corps and reassigned Mortier. However disappointed he may have been with M... |
3,974 | 600 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 28 | 25 | 248 | more important victories at Emmendingen, Schliengen, the sieges at Kehl and Hünigen, the battles at Ostrach and Stockach, and the northern Swiss Campaign of 1799 that included battles at Winterthur and Zürich. An experienced officer and excellent tactician, he might well have made a more effective Chief of the Quarterm... |
4,214 | 628 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 29 | 25 | 248 | one of Napoleon's finest triumphs.
In the broader picture, despite the important major naval engagements, the outcome of the War of the Third Coalition was determined on the Continent, predominantly in the two major land operations. In the Ulm campaign, the Habsburgs achieved some minor victories, such as Klenau's at H... |
4,198 | 636 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 30 | 25 | 248 | berg, broke out of Ulm before its capitulation. Maximilian, Count of Merveldt, led his column back through the mountains into Austria, fighting rear guard actions against pursuing French forces at the Steyer (Steyr) and Mariazell. These elusive units were insufficient to balance heavy losses at key battles in which the... |
3,842 | 620 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 31 | 25 | 248 | lies, and paid an indemnity of 40 million francs. Victory at Austerlitz also gave Napoleon the latitude to create a buffer zone of German states between France and the states of Prussia, Russia, and Austria. These measures did not establish a lasting peace on the continent. Prussian worries about growing French influen... |
3,654 | 628 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 32 | 25 | 248 | the European imagination. General Schmitt's grave has never been found, but in 1811 a monument for him was erected at the Stein Tor, the gate leading from the old village of Krems to the hamlet of Stein. The house in which Captain von Stiebar lived was marked with a bronze plate commemorating his contribution to the ba... |
3,506 | 576 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 33 | 25 | 249 | 11 November 1805 ), which is in the Trianon collection at Versailles.
In the Russian novel War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy devoted several pages to the battle, its prelude, and its aftermath, and the delivery of its news to the Tsar by Prince Andrew. Between Dürenstein and Rossatz, at the edge of the Loiben plain, stands th... |
3,586 | 532 | 4 | 1,000 | 247 | 34 | 25 | 247 | Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière (formerly 2nd Division of the V. Corps), nine battalions, three squadrons, three guns.
3rd Division under command of Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau (Batavian Division, formerly 3rd Division of the II. Corps). The 3rd Division was not involved in the fighting.
Dragoon Division under ... |
3,894 | 528 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 35 | 25 | 249 |
Second Column, Lieutenant General Essen, included six battalions of infantry, three battalions of grenadiers, and five squadrons of Hussars.
Third Column, commanded by Lieutenant General Dokhturov, including six battalions of infantry, one battalion from the 8th Jäger regiment, and ten squadrons of the Hussar Regiment... |
498 | 56 | 4 | 179 | 43 | 36 | 25 | 44 |
Total: fifty-eight battalions, sixty-two squadrons, fourteen artillery batteries, approximately 24,000 men and 168 guns.
Total: fifty-eight battalions, sixty-two squadrons, fourteen artillery batteries, approximately 24,000 men and 168 guns.
Total: fifty-eight battalions, sixty-two squadrons, fourteen artiller... |
3,774 | 596 | 4 | 999 | 249 | 0 | 26 | 249 | = Brock Lesnar =
Brock Edward Lesnar / ˈlɛznər / (born July 12, 1977) is an American Canadian professional wrestler, mixed martial artist, and former amateur wrestler and professional American football player. He is currently signed to WWE on the Raw brand. He is a four-time WWE (World Heavyweight) Champion, a former... |
3,738 | 648 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 1 | 26 | 248 | After debuting on WWE's main roster in 2002, he won the WWE Championship on three separate occasions with victories over The Rock and Kurt Angle (twice). Lesnar won his first WWE Undisputed Championship five months after his main roster debut at the age of 25, becoming the youngest champion in the title's history. He w... |
3,570 | 568 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 2 | 26 | 248 | as IWGP Heavyweight Champion in the Inoki Genome Federation (IGF).
In 2006, Lesnar pursued a career in mixed martial arts. He signed with Hero's and won his first fight, against Min-Soo Kim, in June 2007. He then signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) the following October. Lesnar lost in his UFC debut ag... |
3,402 | 548 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 3 | 26 | 247 | surgery. Lesnar returned at UFC 141 in December, losing to Alistair Overeem and promptly retiring from MMA. Lesnar was a box office sensation in UFC. He took part in a few of the best selling pay-per-views in UFC history, including UFC 100 and UFC 200.
In April 2012, Lesnar once again returned to professional wrestling... |
4,190 | 680 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 4 | 26 | 248 | life ==
Lesnar was born in Webster, South Dakota, on July 12, 1977. He was raised on a Webster dairy farm owned by his parents, Stephanie and Richard Lesnar. He is of German descent. He has two older brothers named Troy and Chad, and a younger sister named Brandi. At age 17, he joined the National Guard, where he was ... |
3,802 | 580 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 5 | 26 | 248 | who was also his assistant coach.
Lesnar won the 2000 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I heavyweight wrestling championship his senior year after being the runner-up to Stephen Neal the year prior. He finished his amateur career as a two-time NJCAA All-American, the 1998 NJCAA Heavyweight Champi... |
3,814 | 648 | 4 | 997 | 247 | 6 | 26 | 247 | Benjamin won the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship on three separate occasions. Lesnar wrestled several dark matches in 2001 and 2002 before being called up to the main roster.
Lesnar debuted on WWF television on the March 18, 2002, episode of Raw, coming through the crowd and attacking Al Snow, Maven and Spike Dudley... |
3,390 | 576 | 4 | 999 | 248 | 7 | 26 | 249 |
==== WWE Championship reigns (2002 – 2004) ====
In June 2002, Lesnar won the King of the Ring tournament, defeating Bubba Ray Dudley in the first round, Booker T in the quarter-finals, Test in the semi-finals, and Rob Van Dam in the finals, earning him a shot at the WWE Undisputed Championship at SummerSlam. On July... |
3,978 | 668 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 8 | 26 | 248 | off expected Lesnar to return to Raw the following night. However, SmackDown! General Manager Stephanie McMahon announced that Lesnar was only required to defend the title on SmackDown!, forcing Bischoff to institute a new championship for Raw (the World Heavyweight Championship). The WWE Undisputed Championship was th... |
3,902 | 692 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 9 | 26 | 248 | Tombstone Piledriver into his finishing F-5 maneuver for the win. Six days after his Hell in a Cell match with The Undertaker, Lesnar successfully retained his WWE title in a handicap match with Heyman at the Rebellion pay-per-view against Edge.
Lesnar's next opponent was Big Show. Heyman was convinced more than anyone... |
4,042 | 712 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 10 | 26 | 248 | , and had snuck a special clause saying so into his contract. In order to gain his revenge on Big Show and Heyman, Lesnar interfered in his first title defense, which came against Kurt Angle the next month at Armageddon. Lesnar hit the F-5 on the champion, which enabled Angle to pin him and win the title. On the follow... |
3,946 | 676 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 11 | 26 | 248 | de, breaking the champion's leg in storyline.
With Angle temporarily put out of action, Lesnar's rivalry with Heyman and the Big Show resumed, which culminated in a match at the Royal Rumble in January 2003 with the winner being placed into the Royal Rumble later in the evening. Lesnar would defeat Big Show and entered... |
3,898 | 672 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 12 | 26 | 248 | al matches, and jammed his head and neck. This stunned Lesnar and forced Angle and Lesnar to improvise the finish of the match. Lesnar would defeat Angle, after delivering an F-5, to win his second WWE Championship. Lesnar was diagnosed with a legitimate concussion from the botched shooting star press.
After WrestleMan... |
4,062 | 692 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 13 | 26 | 248 | board into the ringpost, compounding the injury. Lesnar called out the Big Show, who demanded that Lesnar put his title on the line against him. This led to a stretcher match at Judgment Day for the title. Lesnar successfully retained his title with help from Rey Mysterio and a forklift. During the scripted rivalry, on... |
3,514 | 628 | 4 | 998 | 248 | 14 | 26 | 248 | with Angle. Mr. McMahon found his way into the angle, at first berating Lesnar, who had involved himself in McMahon's rivalry with Zach Gowen, for losing to Angle. This all turned out to be a swerve that came into focus on the August 7, 2003 SmackDown! in Kelowna, British Columbia. That night, Lesnar and McMahon were t... |
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