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Angle made Lesnar tap out to the ankle lock. After that, Lesnar would cement his heel turn by brutalizing smaller wrestlers and attacking his rivals on a more consistent basis. He returned to using the F-5 to propel his opponents' legs into the ringpost, as he did to Spanky and Gowen, and interfered in Angle's matches ...
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Biker Chain match. The rivalry then came to an end after The Undertaker chose to focus on Mr. McMahon. After Paul Heyman returned to WWE as general manager of SmackDown!, Lesnar aligned himself with his former manager. With Survivor Series coming up, Lesnar decided to challenge Angle to a traditional Survivor Series el...
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the match, Chris Benoit became the only second wrestler to make Lesnar tap out. Lesnar faced Benoit in a singles bout two weeks later for the WWE Championship on SmackDown!, where Lesnar won after Benoit passed out to Lesnar's debuting Brock Lock submission hold. The Survivor Series event marked the first time Lesnar m...
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==== Final storylines and departure (2004) ==== In February, Lesnar faced Eddie Guerrero for the WWE title at No Way Out. Late in the match, Goldberg delivered a spear to Lesnar while the ref was unconscious. Afterwards, Guerrero went to pin Lesnar but Lesnar kicked out at two. Lesnar then attempted to F-5 Guerrero b...
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Hardcore Holly in his last match on a weekly WWE televised show. Behind the scenes, it was widely known that the match was Goldberg's last in WWE. Only a week before WrestleMania, rumors surfaced that Lesnar, too, was leaving to pursue a career in the National Football League (NFL). As a result, Lesnar's match with Gol...
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by pinning Masahiro Chono after an F-5, which he had renamed the Verdict since WWE owns the trademark on the F-5 name. After the match, Lesnar stated that this name was referring to his lawsuit against WWE. On December 6, WWE filed a motion for a temporary restraining order to prevent Lesnar from continuing to work wit...
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vs. American title match in NJPW since Vader vs. Stan Hansen in 1990. On July 15, 2006, New Japan Pro Wrestling announced Lesnar would not return to defend the IWGP Heavyweight Championship due to "visa issues" and had been stripped of the title. A tournament was held on July 16 to determine the new champion which was ...
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TNA). This was Lesnar's last match as a professional wrestler until 2012, when he re-signed with WWE. ==== Lawsuit ==== Lesnar had previously signed a non-compete clause in order to be released from his contract with WWE, which prohibited him from working for any other professional wrestling companies before June 201...
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25th, he would rule in favor of Lesnar, giving him a summary judgment. This would have enabled Lesnar to work anywhere, immediately. WWE was later granted a deadline postponement. On April 24, WWE announced on WWE.com that both parties had reached a settlement. On June 12, a federal judge dismissed the case at the requ...
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ena punched Lesnar in the face with a steel chain wrapped around his fist. Cena then delivered the Attitude Adjustment to Lesnar onto steel steps and Lesnar lost the match. The following night on Raw, WWE's Chief Operating Officer Triple H refused to give in to Lesnar's unreasonable contract demands (which included bei...
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H in a No Disqualification match via submission after once again breaking his arm in storyline. The following night on Raw, Lesnar declared himself the new "King of Kings" and said that he would depart from WWE after his victory over Triple H, stating that he had conquered everything in the company. Lesnar returned on ...
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issued a challenge to Lesnar, requesting a rematch with him at WrestleMania 29, which Lesnar accepted but only after Triple signed a contract and Lesnar named the stipulation. The following week, after Triple H signed the contract and assaulted Heyman, the stipulation was revealed as No Holds Barred with Triple H's car...
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he was not behind Lesnar's attack on him. However, in July, Heyman turned on Punk, and claimed that Punk could not beat Lesnar, which led to Lesnar making his return and attacking Punk on the July 15 episode of Raw. The following week on Raw, Punk challenged Lesnar to a match at SummerSlam, where Lesnar defeated Punk i...
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, where Lesnar defeated the Big Show after attacking him with a steel chair before the match began. On the February 24, 2014 episode of Raw, after Heyman stated that Lesnar had requested a match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XXX, instead receiving an open contract to face anyone else of his...
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, and during the match he delivered sixteen suplexes (most of which were German suplexes) and two F-5s to Cena, who barely managed any offense. On the August 19 episode of Main Event, Triple H announced that Cena was invoking his championship rematch clause against Lesnar at Night of Champions, where Lesnar was disqual...
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of his signature catchphrases and merchandise motifs. After Lesnar and Reigns traded a few false finishes, Rollins cashed in his Money in the Bank contract while the match was in progress, making it a triple threat; Rollins then pinned Reigns to win the title. The following night on Raw, Lesnar tried to invoke his rema...
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ston's New Day stablemates Big E and Xavier Woods after the match. On July 19 at Battleground, Lesnar dominated Rollins, delivering 13 suplexes; mid-pinfall, after performing an F-5, he was attacked by The Undertaker, who incapacitated Lesnar with a chokeslam and two Tombstone Piledrivers; this ended the match, with Le...
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the referee did not see the tapout and demanded that the match continue, which saw Undertaker then hitting Lesnar with a low blow and Lesnar passed out to Undertaker's submission hold, Hell's Gate. The following night on Raw, Lesnar and Heyman challenged Undertaker to an immediate rematch, only to be confronted by Bo D...
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igns. The following week on Raw, Lesnar would brawl with Reigns until they were both attacked by The Wyatt Family. At the Royal Rumble, Lesnar was the 23rd entrant, eliminating four competitors before being eliminated by Bray Wyatt with help from the rest of The Wyatt Family. On the January 25 episode of Raw, Stephanie...
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but Ambrose would return later in the night, having hijacked an ambulance, and he challenged Lesnar to a No Holds Barred Street Fight match at WrestleMania 32, where Lesnar defeated Ambrose. On the July 7 edition of SmackDown, it was announced that Lesnar would be facing the returning Randy Orton at SummerSlam. On July...
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told a Minnesota radio show that he had "three wonderful years" in WWE, but had grown unhappy and always wanted to play pro football, adding that he did not want to be 40 years old and wondering if he could have "made it" in football. In an interview about the NFL, he stated: This is no load of bull; it's no WWE stunt....
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NFL Combine. On April 17, 2004, a minivan collided with his motorbike; he suffered a broken jaw and left hand, a bruised pelvis, and a pulled groin. Several NFL teams expressed interest in watching Lesnar work out. The Minnesota Vikings worked out Lesnar on June 11, 2004 but he was hampered by the groin injury suffered...
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6, after the final match of the K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas, Lesnar announced his intent to join K-1's mixed martial arts league, Hero's. He trained with Minnesota Martial Arts Academy under Greg Nelson and Minnesota Assistant Head wrestling coach Marty Morgan. Lesnar announced on August 12 in Las Vegas that...
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the promotion in an event titled UFC 81: Breaking Point against former UFC Heavyweight Champion, Frank Mir. Due to his large hands, Lesnar was wearing 4XL gloves for the fight, making him the second man in Nevada's combat sports history to wear such gloves after Choi Hong-man. Lesnar secured an early takedown and began...
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. Lesnar would beat Couture via a technical knockout (TKO) in the second round to become the new UFC Heavyweight Champion. On December 27, 2008, at UFC 92, Frank Mir defeated Antônio Nogueira for the Interim Heavyweight Championship and was to face Lesnar for the Undisputed UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 98. Immed...
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crowd who had been booing him. Lesnar also made a disparaging comment about the pay-per-view's primary sponsor Bud Light, claiming they "won 't pay me nothin'" and promoted Coors Light instead. Lesnar later apologized for his remarks at the post-fight press conference, where he held a bottle of Bud Light and endorsed t...
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January 2, 2010. Lesnar initially sought treatment in Canada, but later told reporters that he had received "Third World treatment" at a hospital in Brandon, Manitoba, and that seeking better treatment in the U.S. saved his life. Lesnar went on to criticize Canadian health care further and stated that he shared his exp...
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disorder, which required surgery. After further diagnosis, Lesnar underwent surgery on November 16 to close a perforation in his intestine that had been leaking fecal matter into his abdomen, causing pain, abscesses, and overtaxing his immune system to the point that he contracted mononucleosis. From the level of damag...
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I've got the real championship belt". Lesnar faced Carwin at UFC 116 to unify the heavyweight titles. Early in the first round, Carwin knocked Lesnar down with punch, gave him a cut above his left eye, and used a ground and pound attack the rest of the round. In the next round, Lesnar was able to take Carwin down, atta...
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first round. On January 11, 2011, Lesnar was announced as a coach of The Ultimate Fighter Season 13, opposite Junior dos Santos, with the two expected to fight on June 11 at UFC 131, however, he was struck with another bout of diverticulitis and had to withdraw from the fight on May 12. He was replaced by Shane Carwin,...
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, "I feel like a new man. Healthy. Strong. I feel like I used to feel". His return match was scheduled to be at UFC 141 on December 30 in Las Vegas against former Strikeforce heavyweight champion Alistair Overeem. Overeem won the fight by way of technical knockout in the first round. The result of the fight remains con...
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"physically great but something was lacking mentally". Lesnar added that "[he's] an older caveman now, so [he] makes smarter caveman decisions" and that he chose to sign with WWE instead of returning to MMA because he could "work part-time with full-time pay". === UFC 200 (2016) === Though Lesnar said he was "closing...
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2 in the final round. He also won a UFC-record $ 2.5 million purse. On July 15, Lesnar was notified of a potential anti-doping policy violation by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) stemming from an undisclosed banned substance in an out-of-competition sample collected on June 28. Shortly after this was annou...
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== Personal life == Lesnar married Rena Greek, better known as Sable, on May 6, 2006. They reside on a farm in Maryfield, Saskatchewan, having previously lived in Maple Plain, Minnesota. They have two sons: Turk (born June 3, 2009) and Duke (born July 21, 2010). Lesnar also has twins with his former fiancée, Nicole ...
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ition. During his first run in WWE, Lesnar developed addictions to both alcohol and painkillers, allegedly drinking a bottle of vodka per day and taking hundreds of Vicodin pills per month to manage the pain caused by wear and tear on his body; he named his accident at WrestleMania XIX as a particular source of pain. L...
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He was fined $ 1,725 and given a six-month hunting suspension. As of July 2016, Lesnar's eldest son, Brock Jr. is ranked # 1 in Saskatchewan and # 4 in all of Canada in amateur wrestling. == Other media == Lesnar appears in the video games WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth, WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain, Madden NFL...
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collector's edition to tie in with Lesnar's WWE return. It was also expanded to include new matches and interviews. Lesnar was featured on the covers of Flex and Muscle & Fitness magazine in 2004, and Minneapolis'City Pages in 2008. In 2009, Lesnar signed an endorsement deal with Dymatize Nutrition. A CD containing foo...
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estreet. == Filmography == === Television === === Video games === == In wrestling == Finishing moves Brock Lock (Over-the-shoulder single leg Boston crab) – 2002 – 2004 F-5 (WWE) / Verdict (NJPW / IGF) (Fireman's carry facebuster) – 2002 – 2006; 2012 – present Kimura lock – 2012 – present Shooting star press – ...
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thrusts Powerslam Rear naked choke Running powerbomb Standing double leg takedown followed by mounted punches Triple non-release powerbomb Managers Mr. McMahon Sable Paul Heyman Nicknames "The Anomaly" "The Beast (Incarnate)" "The Conqueror" "The Freak" "The Next Big Thing" "The One in 21 – 1 / 22-1" "The Nightmare of ...
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04; April 2, 2012 – August 20, 2012) "Next Big Thing (Remix)" by Jim Johnston (January 28, 2013 – present) == Mixed martial arts record == == Championships, awards, and honors == === Collegiate wrestling === National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA Division I All-American (1999, 2000) NCAA Division I Heavywe...
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erdog Awards Beatdown of the Year (2009) Sports Illustrated Top Newcomer of the Year (2008) Ultimate Fighting Championship UFC Heavyweight Championship (1 time) Submission of the Night (1 time) World MMA Awards Breakthrough Fighter of the Year (2009) Wrestling Observer Newsletter Best Box Office Draw (2008 – 2010) MMA ...
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. Kurt Angle Feud of the Year (2015) vs. The Undertaker Match of the Year (2003) vs. Kurt Angle in an Iron Man match on SmackDown! on September 16 Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (2002) Wrestler of the Year (2002, 2014) Ranked # 1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2003 Wrestling Observer Newsletter ...
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003) Slammy Awards (5 times) Hashtag of the Year (2015) – # SuplexCity Match of the Year (2015) – vs The Undertaker at Hell in a Cell Rivalry of the Year (2015) – vs The Undertaker "Tell Me You Didn't Just Say That" Moment of the Year (2015) – Coining "Suplex City" at WrestleMania 31 The OMG Shocking Moment of the Year...
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= Constant k filter = Constant k filters, also k-type filters, are a type of electronic filter designed using the image method. They are the original and simplest filters produced by this methodology and consist of a ladder network of identical sections of passive components. Historically, they are the first filters ...
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early (and important) variation was the m-derived filter by Zobel who coined the term constant k for the Campbell filter in order to distinguish them. The great advantage Campbell's filters had over the RL circuit and other simple filters of the time was that they could be designed for any desired degree of stop band r...
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defines quantities in terms of an infinite cascade of two-port sections, and in the case of the filters being discussed, an infinite ladder network of L-sections. Here "L" should not be confused with the inductance L – in electronic filter topology, "L" refers to the specific filter shape which resembles inverted lette...
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Half of such a "T" or "Π" section is called a half-section, which is also an L-section but with half the element values of the full L-section. The image impedance of the half-section is dissimilar on the input and output ports: on the side presenting the series element it is equal to the mid-series ZiT, but on the side...
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must be the dual impedance of Z. A physical interpretation of k can be given by observing that k is the limiting value of Zi as the size of the section (in terms of values of its components, such as inductances, capacitances, etc.) approaches zero, while keeping k at its initial value. Thus, k is the characteristic imp...
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the filter does not contain any resistive elements, the image impedance in the pass band of the filter is purely real and in the stop band it is purely imaginary. For example, for the pictured low-pass half-section, <formula> The transition occurs at a cut-off frequency given by <formula> Below this frequency, the imag...
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correspond to a low-pass prototype filter section. The prototype has a cut-off frequency of ωc correspond to a low-pass prototype filter section. The prototype has a cut-off frequency of ωc correspond to a low-pass prototype filter section. The prototype has a cut-off frequency of ωc correspond to a low-pass prot...
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= 1 rad / s and a nominal impedance k = 1 Ω. This is produced by a filter half-section with inductance L = 1 rad / s and a nominal impedance k = 1 Ω. This is produced by a filter half-section with inductance L = 1 rad / s and a nominal impedance k = 1 Ω. This is produced by a filter half-section with inductance ...
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= 1 henry and capacitance C = 1 farad. This prototype can be impedance scaled and frequency scaled to the desired values. The low-pass prototype can also be transformed into high-pass, band-pass or band-stop types by application of suitable frequency transformations. == Cascading sections == Several L-shape half-sec...
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. The further the section is from the end of the filter, the more accurate the prediction will become, since the effects of the terminating impedances are masked by the intervening sections. . The further the section is from the end of the filter, the more accurate the prediction will become, since the effects of th...
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= The Snowmen = "The Snowmen" is an episode of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, first broadcast on Christmas Day 2012 on BBC One. It is the eighth Christmas special since the show's 2005 revival and the first to be within a series. It was written by head writer and executive producer Steven M...
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man named Dr Simeon (Richard E. Grant). Building upon the character's surprise introduction in "Asylum of the Daleks", "The Snowmen" introduces Clara as the Doctor's new companion, though ultimately it would be a third version of her character that would travel with the Doctor starting with "The Bells of Saint John". I...
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els were released. The first was broadcast during the 2012 Children in Need telethon on 16 November 2012, titled "The Great Detective". The Silurian Madame Vastra, her human wife Jenny Flint, and the Sontaran Strax (all returning from "A Good Man Goes to War") describe a number of strange phenomena to a shadowed fourth...
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ride home, Jenny notices it is beginning to snow and Vastra notes that the snow should be impossible because there are no clouds in the sky. A third prequel, titled "The Battle of Demon's Run — Two Days Later" was released on the United States iTunes and Amazon Video stores on 25 March 2013. Two days after the events o...
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hires men to collect samples of snow, which he places in a large snow-filled globe in his laboratory before feeding the men to a group of animated snowmen. The Doctor, still despondent after losing his former companions Amy Pond and Rory Williams, has parked his TARDIS above Victorian London among the clouds. He uses h...
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melting. Clara cautions the Doctor that if he wipes her memory, she will forget how to deal with the snowmen. The Doctor reluctantly allows her to go and ascends a staircase to the sky to return to the TARDIS. Clara follows him and knocks on the door, but she hides and flees down the staircase when the Doctor answers. ...
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Simeon and find a large glass globe in Simeon's office that contains psychic snow. The Doctor speaks to the Great Intelligence, the entity that has been speaking to Dr. Simeon since he was a boy. He learns that the Great Intelligence has been controlling the snowmen and has taken interest in Latimer's pond. The Doctor ...
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IS key, but the ice governess arrives and pulls Clara down off the cloud. The Doctor picks up Clara and takes her back to Latimer's mansion, placing her under medical care of Strax. He collects the ice fragments from the governess and places them in a souvenir London Underground biscuit tin. He and Vastra travel to Sim...
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the Doctor sees that another psychic ability has taken control of the snow from the Great Intelligence: the Latimer family, crying for Clara. Strax informs the Doctor upon his return to the Latimer mansion that Clara only has moments left, and she passes away as the Doctor returns the TARDIS key to her. At her funeral,...
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and The Web of Fear (1968), set in the 1960s. In these stories, the Great Intelligence uses robot Yeti as its physical presence. The events of The Web of Fear are alluded to by the Doctor in "The Snowmen" when he presents the London Underground biscuit tin to the Great Intelligence in Dr Simeon's laboratory; the Intell...
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to get acquainted with her, which are the same words he tells Craig Owens ("Closing Time") when Craig comments that the Doctor always wins. The final scenes at the graveyard establish that Clara shares the same name as Oswin, leading the Doctor to surmise they are the same person. As seen on her gravestone, Clara's bir...
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ccleston) in 2005. He also attributed the idea of a retired Doctor to a plot proposed by Douglas Adams in the 1970s, but rejected by the production team at the time. Continuing the theme introduced with the series' first five episodes, "The Snowmen" was promoted like a movie. A movie poster was released in the Radio Ti...
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new interior was also supposed to be "darker and moodier" and provide an easier access to the "gallery" of the ship when shooting. The Doctor also wears a one-off costume, Victorian-themed, which Smith described as "a bit Artful Dodger meets the Doctor". Moffat described the new outfit as a "progression" as the Doctor ...
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her chemistry with Matt Smith, and especially because she was able to talk faster than him. She auditioned for the role of Clara, not Oswin from "Asylum", as the concept of the two characters being the same only occurred to Moffat whilst casting for Clara. The production team requested that the press and fans who atten...
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as individuals with "trust that there would be a payoff" to her mystery. Also returning to the series are Neve McIntosh as Madame Vastra, Dan Starkey as Strax and Catrin Stewart as Jenny. All three previously appeared in "A Good Man Goes to War" and reprised their roles both in this episode and in the prequels. They re...
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Doctor Who was teased by the BBC via Twitter, announcing his appearance at midnight 5 August 2012. Tom Ward was drawn to his role because of the quality of the script, and also stated his young children were pleased that he appeared in the programme. The Great Intelligence was voiced by Sir Ian McKellen. The two childr...
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while Coleman and Smith were also spotted filming in Bristol two weeks later on 21 August. Some scenes which used snow props were filmed in Portland Square, Bristol, where filming took place overnight on 21 – 22 August 2012. Bristol was chosen because it had Victorian-era architecture. Pickwood stated that his favourit...
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implication of the TARDIS's trans-dimensional nature shown to the audience. In the following shot, the camera does a complete circle of the TARDIS console, an effect not seen since the early days of the show. Metzstein wanted to include this shot to further emphasize the "bigger on the inside than the outside" nature o...
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for the night. Final consolidated figures (not including BBC iPlayer viewers) showed that the episode was watched by 9.87 million viewers, coming in fourth for the night. It also received an Appreciation Index figure of 87, higher than most of the Doctor Who Christmas specials. The iPlayer version had 1,467,220 views, ...
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, describing it as "a rollicking, riveting masterclass in storytelling" which "refreshingly" lacked traditional Christmas references "in favour of some sparkling dialogue, gorgeous set design and fascinating characterisation". While he felt that Grant and McKellen were underused, he was very positive towards Coleman's ...
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and the "surprisingly underused" Grant, as well as the new title sequence and TARDIS. While he wrote that the subtle callback of the Great Intelligence was "a tad more interesting than the usual' So, we meet again!'schtick", he ultimately felt their threat "never quite comes into sharp relief". Neela Debnath of The Ind...
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ultimately suffers from a lack of explanation [and] more set-pieces than a coherent whole". He felt that the episode may not have been accessible for casual viewers, but offered much for fans in time for the programme's fiftieth anniversary. Dominic Cavendish of The Daily Telegraph gave "The Snowmen" three out of five ...
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venth Series in September 2013. It has subsequently been reissued in several box set compilations, most recently alongside the Christmas specials between "The Christmas Invasion" and "Last Christmas" inclusive in a boxset titled Doctor Who – The 10 Christmas Specials on 19 October 2015. == Soundtrack == Selected piec...
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= No. 20 Squadron RAAF = No. 20 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) support squadron. Coming under the control of No. 96 Wing, it is responsible for the management of the airfield at RAAF Base Woomera, South Australia. The squadron originated as a maritime patrol unit during World War II. Raised in August...
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N. Gibson. Its establishment was six PBY Catalina flying boats and 133 personnel, but only five aircraft (all transferred from No. 11 Squadron) and 55 personnel were available initially. The squadron conducted long-range patrols between bases scattered around the islands to Australia's north in conjunction with No. 11 ...
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; a Catalina located three Japanese luggers in the vicinity of Thursday Island, Queensland. Later in the month it commenced anti-submarine patrols and, in January 1942, bombing raids against Japanese bases. As the Japanese advanced into the South West Pacific, No. 20 Squadron was also responsible for evacuating white c...
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11 and 20 Squadrons were transferred to the newly formed No. 33 (Transport) Squadron. No. 20 Squadron lost two Catalinas during patrols on 4 and 6 May; the nine crewmen of the first were later found to have been captured and beheaded; the crew of the second were also captured and subsequently disappeared without trace....
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75 personnel, out of a planned establishment of nine aircraft and 415 personnel. Its prime responsibility in early 1942 was maritime reconnaissance as far as New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia; the latter half of the year saw a greater focus on night bombing. Now comprising 252 officers and men, the squ...
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with Nos. 42 and 43 Squadrons, and moved to Darwin, Northern Territory. All three squadrons operated Catalinas, their primary purpose being mine-laying. On the night of 30 September, a Catalina of No. 20 Squadron was shot down while attacking a ship at Pomelaa in the Dutch East Indies; the loss was compounded by the fa...
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0 Squadron's Catalinas was lost on the night of 7 / 8 March, most likely owing to bad weather rather than enemy action. Three of the squadron's aircraft mined the entrance to Hong Kong harbour on 8 April and, on 26 May, four of its Catalinas mined Wenchow harbour in China, the furthest north that any Australian aircraf...
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=== Post-war re-establishment === No. 20 Squadron was reactivated on 1 April 2015 to support airfield operations at RAAF Base Woomera, South Australia. Consisting of nine uniformed personnel and one Australian Public Service member under the command of Squadron Leader Simon Bartlett, the squadron formed part of No. ...
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59
omera spear thrower to symbolise the town and its indigenous heritage, Sturt's Desert Pea to represent South Australia, and the Pleiades star cluster, which features in the folklore of the local Kokatha people. omera spear thrower to symbolise the town and its indigenous heritage, Sturt's Desert Pea to represent Sou...
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= Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch = The Light Tank Mk VII (A17), also known as the Tetrarch, was a British light tank produced by Vickers-Armstrongs in the late 1930s and deployed during the World War II. The Tetrarch was originally designed as the latest in the line of light tanks built by the company for the British Arm...
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end-Lease program. In early 1941, the Royal Armoured Corps formed three squadrons for use in overseas amphibious operations, one of which was equipped with Tetrarchs. In May 1942, a small number of Tetrarchs formed part of the British force which participated in the invasion of Madagascar, and, in June 1942, Tetrarchs ...
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ed by glider, but they did not perform well. Several were lost in accidents, and those that did see action proved to be inferior in firepower and armour to the armoured fighting vehicles of the German forces. A few days after the beginning of the operation, the tanks were removed from direct engagement with German armo...
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1937 by Vickers-Armstrongs as a private venture, and was intended to be sold either to the British Army or to foreign militaries. It was to be the latest in a series of light tanks produced by the company. The tank was designed to overcome the shortcomings of insufficient armament in earlier light tanks that were fitte...
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and it was capable of a 40 miles per hour (64 km / h) top speed. The Mk VII design relied on an unusual steering method and a mechanical system incorporated into earlier Vickers models. The front wheels could be steered to allow for gentle turns by bending the tracks. For sharper turns, the system returned to the conve...
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better speed and obstacle crossing performance. Despite this, it was decided that it was essential for some Tetrarchs to be produced, and it was suggested that they be brought in at the end of the light tank program. Accordingly, the War Office gave the Tetrarch the official General Staff specification number A17, and,...
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be producing the tanks, indicated it had already ordered armour plating for that many tanks. Production of the tank was delayed by a number of factors. The War Office put their order on hold in a post-Battle of France decision to focus military production on infantry and cruiser tanks, due to the poor performance of Br...
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00 and 177. The name 'Tetrarch' was given to the Mk VII, on 22 September 1941, on the orders of the War Office. The last of the tanks were built in the first quarter of 1942 and delivered at the end of the year. === Transfer to airborne role === The War Office and the Army were concluding, at this point, that light t...
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under the orders of the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. When selecting the equipment for the airborne forces, officials at the War Office concluded that gliders would be an integral component; gliders would transport troops and heavy equipment, which, by 1941, was to include artillery and some form of tank. Plans to...
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their crews inside Hamilcar gliders. These exercises were successful; during the training by' C 'Squadron of the Glider Pilot Regiment, which specialised in flying the Hamilcars, over 2,800 lifts were made with an average of 50 lifts per crew. Only three incidents resulted in fatalities or injuries, with seven pilots k...
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after production ended in 1942, which particularly affected the airborne forces. The transport of 20 of the tanks to the USSR under the Lend-Lease Act depleted the number available for use by airborne forces, as did the loss of several more during Operation Ironclad, the invasion of Madagascar. A Royal Armoured Corps r...
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ust. == Performance == A number of design faults of the Tetrarch were revealed through its operational use. Its size limited the possible crew to three, a driver in the hull and a gunner and commander in the turret, resulting in too few crew members to operate the Tetrarch effectively. The gunner or commander, in add...
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the Middle East and North Africa. == Operational history == === Lend-lease === The first Tetrarchs were delivered to the Army in November 1940, and were initially deployed with the 1st Armoured Division (which was being refitted after losing the majority of its previous tanks during the Battle of France) and the ne...
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therefore extended to the USSR. As part of the program, the British government began supplying war materials to the USSR, which in early 1942, included a shipment of 20 Tetrarchs, as well as a number of Valentine and Matilda Mk I Infantry tanks. The Soviet military utilised a greater number of light tanks than the Brit...
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1,000
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Despite these drawbacks in the Tetrarch's design, Soviet authorities believed it to be comparable to the T-70 light tank in use at the time, and decided that it was suitable to be used in combat. A number of Tetrarchs were sent to Tank Training Schools which were subsequently sent into battle, and in September 1943 two...