Datasets:

flamiinngo
/

applied-science-qa

Error code:   DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception:    DatasetGenerationCastError
Message:      An error occurred while generating the dataset

All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 2 new columns ({'answer', 'question'}) and 6 missing columns ({'question_url', 'site', 'answer_id', 'question_score', 'answer_score', 'license'}).

This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using

hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa/science_qa.csv (at revision 52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3), ['hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/attribution.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_qa.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_v2_attribution.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_v2_dataset.csv']

Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
                  self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              question: string
              answer: string
              -- schema metadata --
              pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 508
              to
              {'question_url': Value('string'), 'answer_id': Value('int64'), 'question_score': Value('int64'), 'answer_score': Value('int64'), 'site': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1839, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
                  ...<4 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
              
              All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 2 new columns ({'answer', 'question'}) and 6 missing columns ({'question_url', 'site', 'answer_id', 'question_score', 'answer_score', 'license'}).
              
              This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
              
              hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa/science_qa.csv (at revision 52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3), ['hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/attribution.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_qa.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_v2_attribution.csv', 'hf://datasets/flamiinngo/applied-science-qa@52decd2972a531034fa01bb9a1bdfc6fd1c773e3/science_v2_dataset.csv']
              
              Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)

Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.

question_url string	answer_id int64	question_score int64	answer_score int64	site string	license string
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7916/why-can-we-smell-copper	7,917	245	218	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4877/is-it-actually-possible-to-dispose-of-a-body-with-hydrofluoric-acid	4,915	107	102	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/9395/does-water-really-go-bad-after-a-couple-of-days	9,408	89	50	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33823/what-causes-the-old-book-smell	33,829	83	57	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/14267/why-does-pasta-really-boil-over	14,278	66	55	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/44526/why-does-shaking-a-match-put-the-fire-out	44,527	64	83	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/73173/why-doesnt-frozen-sugar-solution-taste-sweet	73,176	50	72	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/76505/why-does-whipped-cream-use-nitrous-oxide-instead-of-nitrogen-gas	76,519	46	44	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/30754/effect-of-drinking-ultra-pure-water	30,764	35	57	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/75597/why-does-chocolate-melt-so-easily	75,600	29	37	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/140805/the-importance-of-the-cold-chain-in-the-food-and-the-pharmaceutical-industry	140,826	29	23	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/63587/microwaving-a-glass-of-water-what-happens	63,593	29	29	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/74466/what-happens-to-gunpowder-when-it-gets-wet	74,476	29	25	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/81242/what-properties-of-carbon-dioxide-make-it-a-greenhouse-gas	81,249	28	40	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/70347/why-does-bleach-feel-slippery	70,370	28	24	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/135436/can-we-fill-potato-chips-bags-with-a-gas-other-than-nitrogen	135,438	27	63	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/26769/why-is-ethyne-and-not-ethene-used-for-welding	26,771	27	26	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33619/what-causes-that-foul-taste-with-combination-of-toothpaste-and-orange-juice	33,621	27	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33819/why-do-socks-stink	33,821	25	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/555/how-does-adding-lemon-juice-to-sugar-make-better-caramel	556	24	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/83497/what-is-k2o-nsio2-xh2o	83,499	23	22	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/55094/why-dont-everyday-things-burn	55,097	22	54	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33686/could-milk-rust-a-steel-teaspoon	33,688	22	28	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/1254/what-are-the-chemical-reactions-behind-fire	1,259	22	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/72712/if-aliens-lived-in-a-hydrogen-or-any-flammable-gas-based-atmosphere-would-the	72,714	21	18	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/17109/how-to-dissolve-candle-wax-paraffin	17,111	20	21	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33058/why-there-is-no-change-in-water-level-when-salt-is-added	33,063	19	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/23572/why-doesnt-hcl-form-when-you-dissolve-nacl-in-water	23,573	18	22	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/48661/counterintuitive-reaction-of-aluminium-on-steel-balls	48,664	18	23	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4270/is-there-a-point-at-which-ethanol-e10-fuel-becomes-harmful-to-gas-tanks-or-eng	4,326	18	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7216/what-is-hydrogen-rich-water	7,220	17	21	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/21756/why-does-microwave-heat-up-things-so-much-more-quickly-than-visible-light	21,780	16	11	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/15070/what-are-these-crystals-on-my-champagne-cork	15,073	16	13	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/985/does-the-chemical-in-an-alkaline-battery-make-battery-leaks-unavoidable	9,114	16	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/104312/is-there-such-a-thing-as-a-minimal-soap-molecule	104,313	15	27	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/96402/why-does-adding-salt-to-boiling-water-cause-it-to-flare-up-suddenly	96,404	15	35	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/88299/why-do-most-drugs-eg-oxycodone-have-seemingly-arbitrary-names	88,300	15	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/144745/what-factors-promote-honeys-crystallisation	144,747	15	14	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/38242/why-does-rain-have-that-smell	38,250	15	14	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/88738/le-chateliers-principle-are-there-any-exceptions	99,991	15	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/67874/can-drinking-a-lot-of-water-be-fatal	67,875	14	29	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/105158/does-a-smell-imply-particles-or-chemicals-in-the-air	105,159	14	21	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/18991/does-bleach-turn-a-substance-white-or-colorless	18,993	14	20	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/2428/why-do-some-materials-turn-black-and-others-white-after-combustion	2,430	14	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/30869/does-desalination-work	30,873	13	15	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/111444/why-are-synthetic-ph-indicators-used-over-natural-indicators	111,455	13	15	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/109328/why-does-ice-crack-when-a-drink-is-poured-on-it	109,329	13	16	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/71341/why-does-paper-crumble-on-getting-wet	79,151	13	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/671/the-mole-is-used-extensively-in-chemistry-why-not-elsewhere	672	12	21	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/69371/what-does-teflon-give-on-decomposition	69,372	12	23	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/14449/if-salt-crystals-make-a-cube-shape-what-is-this-x-marking	14,519	12	12	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33728/cold-sensitive-magic-pen	33,731	12	12	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7477/at-what-amount-is-digesting-soap-unhealthy	17,206	12	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/43894/smoke-cobweb-formations	43,926	12	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/24186/is-acrylamide-carcinogenic-why	24,205	12	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/68512/how-does-dmso-act-as-a-carrier-for-transdermal-transport-of-large-molecules	76,869	12	8	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7724/what-molecular-features-create-the-sensation-of-sweetness	7,743	12	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/19495/does-water-have-a-smell	19,496	11	18	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/14771/how-does-propylene-glycol-glycerin-form-formaldehyde-acetaldehyde-when-vaporized	14,808	11	14	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/31846/is-there-a-chemical-reaction-which-could-give-off-enough-heat-underwater-to-cook	31,849	11	18	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/5023/why-calcium-chloride-is-used-to-melt-ice-over-sodium-chloride	5,065	11	14	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/10367/how-does-glue-work	10,381	11	8	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/157445/peak-in-beer-freezing-temperature-plot	157,484	11	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/50672/why-is-charcoal-useful-as-a-fuel-compared-to-wood-dont-we-lose-energy-by-makin	50,675	11	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/31520/what-would-happen-if-someone-consumed-a-silica-gel-packet	31,557	11	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/119341/what-is-super-in-superphosphate	119,365	10	15	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/102255/why-does-lavender-oil-dissolve-plastic	102,257	10	17	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/13881/which-electrodes-do-not-corrode-at-all	13,897	10	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/59924/what-exactly-is-the-use-of-photographic-films-in-cameras-how-are-the-pictures-g	59,925	10	16	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/72775/can-sodium-bicarbonate-be-considered-an-acid	72,792	10	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/80929/why-does-a-pickled-gherkin-glow-only-at-one-end-when-a-current-is-passed-through	80,976	10	8	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/86855/the-coldest-the-most-endothermic-reaction	86,860	10	11	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/82176/why-are-regular-plastic-bags-not-smell-proof	82,177	10	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/24182/what-is-the-white-substance-left-behind-after-boiling-down-water	24,189	10	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/92224/why-does-automotive-glass-shatter-into-tiny-pieces-but-glass-used-in-our-houses	94,470	10	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/41445/hydrogens-confusing-purple-glow	41,465	10	7	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/27899/what-reaction-is-happening-when-a-lithium-polymer-battery-is-on-fire	28,097	10	5	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/92311/is-identifying-a-chemical-equivalent-to-be-able-to-produce-it	92,382	9	6	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/139475/are-food-calorie-values-really-integers	139,478	9	27	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/73108/examples-of-non-volatile-but-flammable-liquids	73,119	9	12	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/171057/why-does-my-sand-dissolve-in-citric-acid	171,061	9	25	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/6759/is-it-possible-to-light-a-match-by-scratching-it-on-hard-surfaces-like-they-do	6,763	9	19	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/42766/what-happens-to-the-bleach-after-mopping	42,778	9	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33206/why-do-soft-drinks-fizz	33,207	9	15	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/77363/phenol-smell-from-hands	77,365	9	11	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/142688/what-is-the-optimal-voltage-for-storing-a-3-7-v-lithium-polymer-battery	142,690	9	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 4.0
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https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/34884/why-does-lactose-free-milk-last-so-much-longer-than-regular-milk	34,886	9	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/1337/why-does-milk-flake	1,339	9	9	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/252/whats-the-chemical-nature-of-a-dishwashers-rinsing-agent	253	9	10	chemistry	CC BY-SA 3.0
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End of preview.

Applied Science QA

2,472 question and answer pairs across seven scientific disciplines, written by practitioners and scored by their peers on the Stack Exchange network.

Used to fine-tune a model for the Adaption Labs AutoScientist Challenge, Part 2, Science category. The resulting model beat its own base model 60 to 40 on Adaption's held-out Science test set.

What is in it

Column	Description
`question`	The question title plus the opening of the asker's own description
`answer`	The highest-scoring answer, trimmed to whole sentences

Statistic	Value
Rows	2,472
Distinct answers	2,472 (100%)
Answer length	median 113 words
Community score on the answer	median +14
Disciplines	7

Discipline	Rows
Chemistry	692
Biology	562
Physics	494
Earth Science	305
Engineering	211
Astronomy	108
Sustainability	100

No single discipline dominates, so the set reads as science broadly rather than as one field.

The bias throughout is toward applied science. The questions have a real-world referent behind them, and the answers explain a mechanism rather than assert a fact: why a metallic smell is not actually the metal, whether stored tap water goes bad and what governs it, how flint ends up banded through chalk cliffs.

How it was built

Sourced through the official Stack Exchange API. Every candidate had to clear all of the following:

The answer scored at least +3 from the community, the question at least +1
Code blocks removed, then the answer trimmed to whole sentences, 45 to 125 words
Empty openers dropped, so answers begin with content rather than "Great question"
Rejected if the answer points at an image, table or link the reader cannot see
Rejected if it hedges rather than answers
Rejected if the question reads as homework rather than a real situation
Required to contain causal or quantitative language, so it explains rather than asserts
Deduplicated on the question

Licence and attribution

Stack Exchange contributions are licensed CC BY-SA, so this dataset is released under CC BY-SA 4.0 as the share-alike term requires.

attribution.csv carries one row per training row, in the same order, recording the source URL, the answer id, the question and answer scores, the site, and the licence version in force for that individual post. Posts written under earlier versions keep the version that applied when they were written, which is why three appear:

Licence version	Posts
CC BY-SA 3.0	1,577
CC BY-SA 4.0	875
CC BY-SA 2.5	20

Every row is traceable to a live public post, so the quality figures above can be checked against the source rather than taken on trust.

Source communities: Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Earth Science, Engineering, Astronomy and Sustainability Stack Exchange. Thanks to the people who wrote and scored these answers.

Intended use

Adapting a base model toward explaining applied science to a non-specialist: grounded in mechanism, at the length of a real answer rather than a summary.

A note on answer length

A companion experiment in the Agriculture category found that shorter training answers produced a far larger gain on the held-out test — 25-word answers scored 82 to 19 where longer, more polished answers lost. This Science set is deliberately explanatory at a median of 113 words, and won by a smaller margin. Anyone building on this should treat answer length as a variable worth testing rather than a detail.

Citation

Built for the Adaption Labs AutoScientist Challenge, Part 2, Science category.

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