hsilvosa/entsoe-observatory

ENTSO-E observatory: gold tables

Day-ahead prices and actual total load of European bidding zones from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, with per-zone weather, ECB exchange rates, daily statistics, price spreads between neighbouring zones and a data quality scorecard. Local days from 2014-12-31 to 2026-10-13, 48 zones. Built and published by the open source project entsoe-observatory.

Generated on 2026-10-12 from gold run 20261011T203957Z-2860bb and data quality run 20261011T202315Z-6eeb47 (0 blocking failures, 79 warnings).

Tables

All tables are Parquet (zstd). Every table has a versioned JSON contract in contracts/; the build enforces schema, nullability, grain uniqueness and row constraints before publishing.

price_native (contract 1.0.0, 5,425,040 rows)

SDAC day-ahead prices at native resolution with EUR conversion. One series per zone (AT and DE_LU use the SDAC sequence of the registry).

Grain: zone_key, timestamp_utc, resolution.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
timestamp_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the delivery slot.
timestamp_local	TIMESTAMP	no	Slot start in the zone timezone.
local_date	DATE	no	Local delivery date.
resolution	VARCHAR	no	ISO 8601 resolution of the source: PT15M, PT30M or PT60M.
resolution_minutes	INTEGER	no	Resolution in minutes.
sequence	INTEGER	no	Source price sequence (the SDAC one).
price_local	DOUBLE	no	Price in the publication currency per MWh.
currency	VARCHAR	no	Publication currency.
fx_units_per_eur	DOUBLE	yes	ECB units of currency per EUR used for the conversion; null for EUR or when missing.
fx_rate_date	DATE	yes	Date of the ECB rate used.
price_eur	DOUBLE	yes	Price in EUR/MWh; null only when the rate is missing.
fx_status	VARCHAR	no	native, converted or missing_rate.
is_a03_filled	BOOLEAN	no	True when the slot comes from A03 expansion.
revision_number	INTEGER	yes	Revision of the source document.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

load_native (contract 1.0.0, 8,134,301 rows)

Actual total load at native resolution, valid values only.

Grain: zone_key, timestamp_utc, resolution.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
timestamp_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the slot.
timestamp_local	TIMESTAMP	no	Slot start in the zone timezone.
local_date	DATE	no	Local date.
resolution	VARCHAR	no	ISO 8601 resolution.
resolution_minutes	INTEGER	no	Resolution in minutes.
load_mw	DOUBLE	no	Actual total load in MW.
is_a03_filled	BOOLEAN	no	True when the slot comes from A03 expansion.
revision_number	INTEGER	yes	Revision of the source document.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

price_hourly (contract 1.0.0, 4,145,957 rows)

Hourly harmonised SDAC prices. Finer slots are averaged, hourly slots pass through; nothing is upsampled.

Grain: zone_key, hour_utc.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
hour_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the UTC hour.
hour_local	TIMESTAMP	no	Hour start in the zone timezone.
local_date	DATE	no	Local date of the hour.
price_local_mean	DOUBLE	no	Mean price in the publication currency.
currency	VARCHAR	no	Publication currency.
price_eur_mean	DOUBLE	yes	Mean price in EUR/MWh.
source_resolution	VARCHAR	no	Finest source resolution present in the hour.
slots_present	INTEGER	no	Source slots found in the hour.
slots_expected	INTEGER	no	Source slots expected in the hour.
has_a03_filled	BOOLEAN	no	True when any slot was A03 filled.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

load_hourly (contract 1.0.0, 4,657,565 rows)

Hourly harmonised actual load (mean MW).

Grain: zone_key, hour_utc.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
hour_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the UTC hour.
hour_local	TIMESTAMP	no	Hour start in the zone timezone.
local_date	DATE	no	Local date of the hour.
load_mw_mean	DOUBLE	no	Mean load in MW.
source_resolution	VARCHAR	no	Finest source resolution present in the hour.
slots_present	INTEGER	no	Source slots found in the hour.
slots_expected	INTEGER	no	Source slots expected in the hour.
has_a03_filled	BOOLEAN	no	True when any slot was A03 filled.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

zone_daily (contract 1.0.0, 194,988 rows)

Per zone and local day: price and load statistics with completeness. Peak is 08:00-20:00 local on weekdays.

Grain: zone_key, local_date.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
local_date	DATE	no	Local day.
hours_in_day	INTEGER	no	23, 24 or 25 on DST days.
price_eur_min	DOUBLE	yes	Minimum hourly price.
price_eur_max	DOUBLE	yes	Maximum hourly price.
price_eur_mean	DOUBLE	yes	Mean of hourly prices.
price_eur_peak_mean	DOUBLE	yes	Mean hourly price in peak hours.
price_eur_offpeak_mean	DOUBLE	yes	Mean hourly price in off-peak hours.
negative_price_hours	INTEGER	yes	Hours with a negative price in EUR.
price_coverage	DOUBLE	yes	Covered share of the day for prices, 0 to 1.
load_mw_min	DOUBLE	yes	Minimum hourly load.
load_mw_max	DOUBLE	yes	Maximum hourly load.
load_mw_mean	DOUBLE	yes	Mean hourly load.
load_coverage	DOUBLE	yes	Covered share of the day for load, 0 to 1.

cross_zone_spread_hourly (contract 1.0.0, 6,957,668 rows)

Hourly EUR price spread between neighbouring zones (spread = zone_a - zone_b), only for hours where both zones have a complete hourly price (all expected slots present).

Grain: zone_a, zone_b, hour_utc.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_a	VARCHAR	no	First zone of the pair.
zone_b	VARCHAR	no	Second zone of the pair.
hour_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the UTC hour.
price_eur_a	DOUBLE	no	Hourly mean price of zone_a in EUR/MWh.
price_eur_b	DOUBLE	no	Hourly mean price of zone_b in EUR/MWh.
spread_eur	DOUBLE	no	price_eur_a - price_eur_b.
abs_spread_eur	DOUBLE	no	Absolute spread.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

weather_hourly (contract 1.0.0, 3,717,192 rows)

Population-weighted hourly weather per zone, aligned to the UTC hourly grid.

Grain: zone_key, hour_utc.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
hour_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	Start of the UTC hour.
local_date	DATE	no	Local date of the hour.
temperature_2m	DOUBLE	yes	Air temperature at 2 m, degC.
wind_speed_10m	DOUBLE	yes	Wind speed at 10 m, m/s.
relative_humidity_2m	DOUBLE	yes	Relative humidity, %.
shortwave_radiation	DOUBLE	yes	Shortwave radiation, W/m2.
points_used	INTEGER	no	Weather points with data in the hour.
points_total	INTEGER	no	Weather points of the zone.
source	VARCHAR	no	archive or forecast.
year	INTEGER	no	Calendar year of the UTC timestamp (partition column).

dq_scorecard (contract 1.0.0, 378,753 rows)

Daily completeness and validity per dataset, zone and source sequence, from the newest data quality run.

Grain: dataset, zone_key, sequence, local_date.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
dataset	VARCHAR	no	day_ahead_prices or actual_load.
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
sequence	INTEGER	no	Source sequence.
is_primary	BOOLEAN	no	True for the SDAC price series and for load.
local_date	DATE	no	Local day.
expected_minutes	INTEGER	no	Minutes in the local day (DST aware).
covered_minutes	INTEGER	no	Minutes covered by valid slots.
coverage_ratio	DOUBLE	no	covered_minutes / expected_minutes.
completeness_status	VARCHAR	no	complete, incomplete or overlap.
rows_total	BIGINT	no	Silver rows of the day.
rows_invalid	BIGINT	no	Rows flagged invalid.
validity_ratio	DOUBLE	yes	Valid rows / rows (null when there are no rows).
dq_run_id	VARCHAR	no	Data quality run that produced the row.

dq_scorecard_summary (contract 1.0.0, 93 rows)

Per dataset and zone: failed checks, freshness and completeness share from the newest data quality run.

Grain: dataset, zone_key.

Column	Type	Nullable	Description
dataset	VARCHAR	no	day_ahead_prices or actual_load.
zone_key	VARCHAR	no	Bidding zone key from the zone registry.
days_total	BIGINT	no	Local days of the primary series.
days_complete	BIGINT	no	Days with full coverage.
completeness_share	DOUBLE	no	days_complete / days_total.
first_date	DATE	no	First local day.
last_date	DATE	no	Last local day.
warning_checks_failed	INTEGER	no	Warning checks that failed.
blocking_checks_failed	INTEGER	no	Blocking checks that failed.
freshness_ok	BOOLEAN	yes	Freshness check result; null if not evaluated.
freshness_detail	VARCHAR	yes	Freshness check detail.
dq_run_id	VARCHAR	no	Data quality run id.
checked_at_utc	TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	no	When the run executed.

How the data is built

• Source: raw ENTSO-E XML documents (day-ahead prices A44, actual total load A65).
• A03 curves: ENTSO-E compresses series with curveType=A03: an omitted position repeats the previous value until the end of the period. The build expands them and marks the generated slots with is_a03_filled. Without it about 8 % of price slots and 6 % of load slots would be missing.
• Native resolution: PT60M, PT30M and PT15M coexist (the 15-minute day-ahead market started on 2025-10-01). Native tables keep the source resolution. Hourly tables average the finest resolution present in each hour and publish slots_present and slots_expected. Nothing is upsampled.
• Time: timestamps are UTC; local time follows each zone's IANA timezone, so local days have 23, 24 or 25 hours.
• Revisions: the newest revision of a document wins; late revisions can be cut off at a snapshot time.
• EUR conversion: price_eur = price_local / units_per_eur with the ECB reference rate of the delivery date (latest rate up to 5 days old).

Known limitations

• Gaps are real: some zones have days without any published price or load (for example PL prices before 2017, AL load, CY load, IE_SEM load since 2025-10). Check dq_scorecard.
• Prices of AT and DE_LU use the SDAC series (sequence 1). The second series published for these zones is excluded; ADR 0008 in the repository explains the choice and its evidence.
• Weather covers only the zones listed in weather_hourly; the series is a population-weighted mean over a few points per zone, not a measurement.
• EUR conversion of RON, PLN and BGN prices uses the latest ECB rate up to 5 days old. Rows without such a rate keep a null price_eur.
• cross_zone_spread_hourly is based on a hand-maintained list of neighbouring zones (configs/neighbours.json).
• Weather is available for 37 of 48 zones in this release.

Sources and licence

• ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (https://transparency.entsoe.eu). Re-use requires mentioning the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform as the source and must not suggest endorsement by ENTSO-E. The terms of use and the list of data open for free re-use are published by ENTSO-E; check them before redistributing.
• Open-Meteo (https://open-meteo.com), CC BY 4.0, weather data derived from national weather services and reanalysis.
• European Central Bank euro foreign exchange reference rates, free re-use with attribution.

The tables in this dataset are derived works. They carry no warranty; use them at your own responsibility. The code that builds them is in the project repository.

Citation

entsoe-observatory, gold tables built from ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data, https://github.com/hsilvosa/entsoe-observatory