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21673296 | Television viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. | Is prolonged television viewing associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality? | Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they met the following criteria: published in the English language, had a prospective design (cohort, case-cohort, and nested case-control), a study population that was healthy at baseline, and had estimates of relative risk (RR) or odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals ... | Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality - All-cause mortality | Television viewing time independently predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the EPIC Norfolk study. | ## BACKGROUND
Television viewing (TV), a highly prevalent behaviour, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk independently of physical activity. The relationship with mortality, however, is relatively unknown.
## METHODS
We examined the prospective relationship between TV time and all-cause, cardiovascular and ca... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Mental health status as a predictor of morbidity and mortality: a 15-year follow-up of members of a health maintenance organization. | ## OBJECTIVES
This study sought to relate preexisting depression, worries, affect balance, and mental health symptoms to subsequent risk of morbidity and mortality.
## METHODS
A random sample of members of a health maintenance organization were interviewed at home in a 1970/71 survey. Baseline psychological measures fr... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Change in depression as a precursor of cardiovascular events. SHEP Cooperative Research Group (Systoloc Hypertension in the elderly). | ## OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between increasing depressive symptoms and cardiovascular events or mortality.
## DESIGN
Cohort analytic study of data from randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of antihypertensive therapy. Depressive symptoms were assessed semi-annually with the Center fo... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period. | ## BACKGROUND
Several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. However, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality.
## METHODS
This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality in a prospective s... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Risk factors for ischemic stroke: Dubbo Study of the elderly. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
One in 10 deaths in Australia is due to stroke. The predictors of ischemic stroke have not been well defined, although hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and previous stroke have been consistently reported. We report on 98 months' follow-up in a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in t... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Association between depressive symptoms and mortality in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. | ## BACKGROUND
Major depression is associated with increased mortality, but it is not known whether patients who report depressive symptoms have greater mortality.
## SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study of 7518 white women 67 years of age or older who were recruited from population-based listing... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke. | ## OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess baseline levels of depression as a risk factor for stroke among white and black men and women.
## METHODS
A population-based cohort of 6095 stroke-free white and black men and women aged 25 to 74 years in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study were followed for ... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive disorder, dysthymia, and risk of stroke: thirteen-year follow-up from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study examined depressive disorder as a risk factor for incident stroke in a prospective, population-based design.
## METHODS
The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study is a prospective 13-year follow-up of a probability sample of household residents from Baltimore, Md. Depressive d... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among japanese. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke among Japanese men and women.
## METHODS
A 10.3-year prospective study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke was conducted with 901 men and women aged 40 to 78 ye... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | The association between emotional well-being and the incidence of stroke in older adults. | ## OBJECTIVE
Individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms have an increased risk of many illnesses, including stroke. Measures of depressive symptoms include questions about the presence of negative affect, such as sadness, as well as the absence of positive affect, such as happiness and optimism. We assessed wh... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Does psychological distress predict the risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack? The Caerphilly Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Psychological distress is common after stroke, but little is known about its etiologic importance, although the general public often ascribes stroke to the experience of stress. Therefore, we examined whether psychological distress leads to an increased risk of ischemic stroke and transient is... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | The differential influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms, as assessed by the general health questionnaire, on cause of death in older persons living in a rural community of Japan. | ## OBJECTIVES
To examine the influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms on subsequent cause-specific mortality in older persons living in the community.
## DESIGN
A prospective cohort study over 7.5 years.
## SETTING
Otsuki-town, Kochi prefecture, Japan.
## PARTICIPANTS
Nine hundred eighty community-dwellin... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depression and cardiovascular sequelae in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI). | ## BACKGROUND
Subclinical depression, often clinically unrecognized, may pose increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have prospectively investigated cardiovascular events related to depression in older women. We describe prevalence, cardiovascular correlates, and relationship to subsequent cardiovascular... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms and mortality in men: results from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We evaluated long-term mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms measured at middle age among men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
## METHODS
12,866 men without definite evidence of CHD at study ... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence in the US elderly: the role of risk factors in the EPESE study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study assesses the effect of socioeconomic status on stroke incidence in the elderly, and the contribution of risk factors to stroke disparities.
## METHODS
Data comprised a sample of 2812 men and women aged 65 years and over from the New Haven cohort of the Established Populations for th... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Personality, lifestyle, and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer: follow-up of population based cohort. | ## OBJECTIVE
To study the relation between measures of personality and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in a large cohort.
## DESIGN
Follow-up of population based cohort.
## SETTING
Heidelberg, Germany.
## PARTICIPANTS
5114 women and men aged 40-65 in 1992-5.
## MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Psychological traits asses... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms, inflammation, and ischemic stroke in older adults: a prospective analysis in the cardiovascular health study. | ## OBJECTIVES
To investigate the mediator role of inflammation in any relationship between depressive symptoms and ischemic stroke.
## DESIGN
Longitudinal prospective study.
## SETTING
Review of medical records, death certificates, and the Medicare healthcare utilization database for hospitalizations.
## PARTICIPANTS
T... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Survival rate and causes of mortality in the elderly with depression: a 15-year prospective study of a Japanese community sample, the Matsunoyama-Niigata suicide prevention project. | ## OBJECTIVE
To compare long-term survival rates and causes of death in community-dwelling elderly with and without depression using the International Research Diagnostic Criteria administered by a psychiatrist.
## METHOD
From 1985 to 2000, we prospectively examined Japanese persons (N = 920) aged 65 years or older. Ca... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Framingham Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Emerging evidence raises the possibility of an association between depression and stroke risk. This study sought to examine whether depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events in a community-based sample.
## METHODS
A prospective study was conducted on 4... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study. | ## BACKGROUND
Previous studies that have assessed whether the presence of depressive symptoms predisposes to stroke in the general elderly population have been contradictory. Moreover, they did not distinguish between men and women and did not perform psychiatric workups in those with depressive symptoms. This study ex... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Severely depressed young patients have over five times increased risk for stroke: a 5-year follow-up study. | ## BACKGROUND
This study aims to estimate the risk of developing stroke within 5 years of discharge among young patients ages 18 to approximately 44 who were hospitalized for depressive disorders.
## METHODS
Our study design features a study cohort and a comparison cohort. The study cohort included patients ages 18 to ... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depression as a risk factor for the incidence of first-ever stroke in 85-year-olds. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may increase the risk for stroke. Few studies have examined whether depression increases the risk for stroke in the very old and among the demented. We examined the relation between depression in 85-year-olds and the 3-year incidence of first-ever stroke.
## METHODS
A representative... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Psychological distress, major depressive disorder, and risk of stroke. | ## BACKGROUND
Studies have suggested that mood status is associated with an increased risk of stroke, though mostly based on measures of depression defined by symptoms alone rather than diagnostic criteria representative of clinically important distress and impairment. We investigated this association based upon a larg... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. | ## CONTEXT
Depressive symptoms predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown.
## OBJECTIVE
To determine why depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
## DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Th... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Cardiac disease, depressive symptoms, and incident stroke in an elderly population. | ## CONTEXT
Previous research suggests that depression is a risk factor for stroke. However, the reliability of much research is limited by the lack of documentation on the presence of preexistent cardiovascular disease and by the use of limited measures of depression or stroke.
## OBJECTIVES
To test the hypotheses that... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depressive symptoms predict incident stroke independently of memory impairments. | ## BACKGROUND
We evaluated whether depressive symptoms predict the onset of first stroke independently of memory impairment. We conceptualized memory impairment as a marker of preexisting cerebrovascular disease. We hypothesized that if depressive symptoms are causally related to stroke through mechanisms unrelated to ... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Does depression predict coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease equally well? The Health and Social Support Prospective Cohort Study. | ## BACKGROUND
The relationship between depression and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) continues to be debated although little research has compared the predictive power of depression for coronary heart disease (CHD) with that for CBVD within the same population. This study aimed to compare the importance of depression f... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Association of depression with subsequent mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and incident dementia in people aged 80 and over and suffering from hypertension. Data from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). | ## BACKGROUND
depression is common in elderly people and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and incident dementia.
## METHOD
participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) completed a depression screening instrument, the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS), at baseline and annually. W... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Total Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - All | Depression and incident stroke in women. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but prospective data for the association with stroke are limited.
## METHODS
We followed-up 80 574 women aged 54 to 79 years in Nurses' Health Study without a history of stroke from 2000 to 2006. Depressive sympto... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Mental health status as a predictor of morbidity and mortality: a 15-year follow-up of members of a health maintenance organization. | ## OBJECTIVES
This study sought to relate preexisting depression, worries, affect balance, and mental health symptoms to subsequent risk of morbidity and mortality.
## METHODS
A random sample of members of a health maintenance organization were interviewed at home in a 1970/71 survey. Baseline psychological measures fr... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Change in depression as a precursor of cardiovascular events. SHEP Cooperative Research Group (Systoloc Hypertension in the elderly). | ## OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between increasing depressive symptoms and cardiovascular events or mortality.
## DESIGN
Cohort analytic study of data from randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of antihypertensive therapy. Depressive symptoms were assessed semi-annually with the Center fo... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period. | ## BACKGROUND
Several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. However, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality.
## METHODS
This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality in a prospective s... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Risk factors for ischemic stroke: Dubbo Study of the elderly. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
One in 10 deaths in Australia is due to stroke. The predictors of ischemic stroke have not been well defined, although hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and previous stroke have been consistently reported. We report on 98 months' follow-up in a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in t... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Association between depressive symptoms and mortality in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. | ## BACKGROUND
Major depression is associated with increased mortality, but it is not known whether patients who report depressive symptoms have greater mortality.
## SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study of 7518 white women 67 years of age or older who were recruited from population-based listing... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke. | ## OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess baseline levels of depression as a risk factor for stroke among white and black men and women.
## METHODS
A population-based cohort of 6095 stroke-free white and black men and women aged 25 to 74 years in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study were followed for ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive disorder, dysthymia, and risk of stroke: thirteen-year follow-up from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study examined depressive disorder as a risk factor for incident stroke in a prospective, population-based design.
## METHODS
The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study is a prospective 13-year follow-up of a probability sample of household residents from Baltimore, Md. Depressive d... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among japanese. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke among Japanese men and women.
## METHODS
A 10.3-year prospective study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke was conducted with 901 men and women aged 40 to 78 ye... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | The association between emotional well-being and the incidence of stroke in older adults. | ## OBJECTIVE
Individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms have an increased risk of many illnesses, including stroke. Measures of depressive symptoms include questions about the presence of negative affect, such as sadness, as well as the absence of positive affect, such as happiness and optimism. We assessed wh... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Does psychological distress predict the risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack? The Caerphilly Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Psychological distress is common after stroke, but little is known about its etiologic importance, although the general public often ascribes stroke to the experience of stress. Therefore, we examined whether psychological distress leads to an increased risk of ischemic stroke and transient is... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | The differential influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms, as assessed by the general health questionnaire, on cause of death in older persons living in a rural community of Japan. | ## OBJECTIVES
To examine the influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms on subsequent cause-specific mortality in older persons living in the community.
## DESIGN
A prospective cohort study over 7.5 years.
## SETTING
Otsuki-town, Kochi prefecture, Japan.
## PARTICIPANTS
Nine hundred eighty community-dwellin... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depression and cardiovascular sequelae in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI). | ## BACKGROUND
Subclinical depression, often clinically unrecognized, may pose increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have prospectively investigated cardiovascular events related to depression in older women. We describe prevalence, cardiovascular correlates, and relationship to subsequent cardiovascular... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms and mortality in men: results from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We evaluated long-term mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms measured at middle age among men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
## METHODS
12,866 men without definite evidence of CHD at study ... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence in the US elderly: the role of risk factors in the EPESE study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study assesses the effect of socioeconomic status on stroke incidence in the elderly, and the contribution of risk factors to stroke disparities.
## METHODS
Data comprised a sample of 2812 men and women aged 65 years and over from the New Haven cohort of the Established Populations for th... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Personality, lifestyle, and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer: follow-up of population based cohort. | ## OBJECTIVE
To study the relation between measures of personality and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in a large cohort.
## DESIGN
Follow-up of population based cohort.
## SETTING
Heidelberg, Germany.
## PARTICIPANTS
5114 women and men aged 40-65 in 1992-5.
## MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Psychological traits asses... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms, inflammation, and ischemic stroke in older adults: a prospective analysis in the cardiovascular health study. | ## OBJECTIVES
To investigate the mediator role of inflammation in any relationship between depressive symptoms and ischemic stroke.
## DESIGN
Longitudinal prospective study.
## SETTING
Review of medical records, death certificates, and the Medicare healthcare utilization database for hospitalizations.
## PARTICIPANTS
T... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Survival rate and causes of mortality in the elderly with depression: a 15-year prospective study of a Japanese community sample, the Matsunoyama-Niigata suicide prevention project. | ## OBJECTIVE
To compare long-term survival rates and causes of death in community-dwelling elderly with and without depression using the International Research Diagnostic Criteria administered by a psychiatrist.
## METHOD
From 1985 to 2000, we prospectively examined Japanese persons (N = 920) aged 65 years or older. Ca... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Framingham Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Emerging evidence raises the possibility of an association between depression and stroke risk. This study sought to examine whether depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events in a community-based sample.
## METHODS
A prospective study was conducted on 4... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study. | ## BACKGROUND
Previous studies that have assessed whether the presence of depressive symptoms predisposes to stroke in the general elderly population have been contradictory. Moreover, they did not distinguish between men and women and did not perform psychiatric workups in those with depressive symptoms. This study ex... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Severely depressed young patients have over five times increased risk for stroke: a 5-year follow-up study. | ## BACKGROUND
This study aims to estimate the risk of developing stroke within 5 years of discharge among young patients ages 18 to approximately 44 who were hospitalized for depressive disorders.
## METHODS
Our study design features a study cohort and a comparison cohort. The study cohort included patients ages 18 to ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depression as a risk factor for the incidence of first-ever stroke in 85-year-olds. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may increase the risk for stroke. Few studies have examined whether depression increases the risk for stroke in the very old and among the demented. We examined the relation between depression in 85-year-olds and the 3-year incidence of first-ever stroke.
## METHODS
A representative... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Psychological distress, major depressive disorder, and risk of stroke. | ## BACKGROUND
Studies have suggested that mood status is associated with an increased risk of stroke, though mostly based on measures of depression defined by symptoms alone rather than diagnostic criteria representative of clinically important distress and impairment. We investigated this association based upon a larg... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. | ## CONTEXT
Depressive symptoms predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown.
## OBJECTIVE
To determine why depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
## DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Th... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Cardiac disease, depressive symptoms, and incident stroke in an elderly population. | ## CONTEXT
Previous research suggests that depression is a risk factor for stroke. However, the reliability of much research is limited by the lack of documentation on the presence of preexistent cardiovascular disease and by the use of limited measures of depression or stroke.
## OBJECTIVES
To test the hypotheses that... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depressive symptoms predict incident stroke independently of memory impairments. | ## BACKGROUND
We evaluated whether depressive symptoms predict the onset of first stroke independently of memory impairment. We conceptualized memory impairment as a marker of preexisting cerebrovascular disease. We hypothesized that if depressive symptoms are causally related to stroke through mechanisms unrelated to ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Does depression predict coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease equally well? The Health and Social Support Prospective Cohort Study. | ## BACKGROUND
The relationship between depression and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) continues to be debated although little research has compared the predictive power of depression for coronary heart disease (CHD) with that for CBVD within the same population. This study aimed to compare the importance of depression f... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Association of depression with subsequent mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and incident dementia in people aged 80 and over and suffering from hypertension. Data from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). | ## BACKGROUND
depression is common in elderly people and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and incident dementia.
## METHOD
participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) completed a depression screening instrument, the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS), at baseline and annually. W... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - A. Fatal stroke | Depression and incident stroke in women. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but prospective data for the association with stroke are limited.
## METHODS
We followed-up 80 574 women aged 54 to 79 years in Nurses' Health Study without a history of stroke from 2000 to 2006. Depressive sympto... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Mental health status as a predictor of morbidity and mortality: a 15-year follow-up of members of a health maintenance organization. | ## OBJECTIVES
This study sought to relate preexisting depression, worries, affect balance, and mental health symptoms to subsequent risk of morbidity and mortality.
## METHODS
A random sample of members of a health maintenance organization were interviewed at home in a 1970/71 survey. Baseline psychological measures fr... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Change in depression as a precursor of cardiovascular events. SHEP Cooperative Research Group (Systoloc Hypertension in the elderly). | ## OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between increasing depressive symptoms and cardiovascular events or mortality.
## DESIGN
Cohort analytic study of data from randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of antihypertensive therapy. Depressive symptoms were assessed semi-annually with the Center fo... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period. | ## BACKGROUND
Several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. However, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality.
## METHODS
This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality in a prospective s... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Risk factors for ischemic stroke: Dubbo Study of the elderly. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
One in 10 deaths in Australia is due to stroke. The predictors of ischemic stroke have not been well defined, although hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and previous stroke have been consistently reported. We report on 98 months' follow-up in a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in t... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Association between depressive symptoms and mortality in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. | ## BACKGROUND
Major depression is associated with increased mortality, but it is not known whether patients who report depressive symptoms have greater mortality.
## SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study of 7518 white women 67 years of age or older who were recruited from population-based listing... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke. | ## OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess baseline levels of depression as a risk factor for stroke among white and black men and women.
## METHODS
A population-based cohort of 6095 stroke-free white and black men and women aged 25 to 74 years in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study were followed for ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive disorder, dysthymia, and risk of stroke: thirteen-year follow-up from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study examined depressive disorder as a risk factor for incident stroke in a prospective, population-based design.
## METHODS
The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study is a prospective 13-year follow-up of a probability sample of household residents from Baltimore, Md. Depressive d... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among japanese. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke among Japanese men and women.
## METHODS
A 10.3-year prospective study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke was conducted with 901 men and women aged 40 to 78 ye... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | The association between emotional well-being and the incidence of stroke in older adults. | ## OBJECTIVE
Individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms have an increased risk of many illnesses, including stroke. Measures of depressive symptoms include questions about the presence of negative affect, such as sadness, as well as the absence of positive affect, such as happiness and optimism. We assessed wh... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Does psychological distress predict the risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack? The Caerphilly Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Psychological distress is common after stroke, but little is known about its etiologic importance, although the general public often ascribes stroke to the experience of stress. Therefore, we examined whether psychological distress leads to an increased risk of ischemic stroke and transient is... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | The differential influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms, as assessed by the general health questionnaire, on cause of death in older persons living in a rural community of Japan. | ## OBJECTIVES
To examine the influence of distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms on subsequent cause-specific mortality in older persons living in the community.
## DESIGN
A prospective cohort study over 7.5 years.
## SETTING
Otsuki-town, Kochi prefecture, Japan.
## PARTICIPANTS
Nine hundred eighty community-dwellin... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depression and cardiovascular sequelae in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI). | ## BACKGROUND
Subclinical depression, often clinically unrecognized, may pose increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have prospectively investigated cardiovascular events related to depression in older women. We describe prevalence, cardiovascular correlates, and relationship to subsequent cardiovascular... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms and mortality in men: results from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We evaluated long-term mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms measured at middle age among men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
## METHODS
12,866 men without definite evidence of CHD at study ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence in the US elderly: the role of risk factors in the EPESE study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study assesses the effect of socioeconomic status on stroke incidence in the elderly, and the contribution of risk factors to stroke disparities.
## METHODS
Data comprised a sample of 2812 men and women aged 65 years and over from the New Haven cohort of the Established Populations for th... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Personality, lifestyle, and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer: follow-up of population based cohort. | ## OBJECTIVE
To study the relation between measures of personality and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in a large cohort.
## DESIGN
Follow-up of population based cohort.
## SETTING
Heidelberg, Germany.
## PARTICIPANTS
5114 women and men aged 40-65 in 1992-5.
## MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Psychological traits asses... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms, inflammation, and ischemic stroke in older adults: a prospective analysis in the cardiovascular health study. | ## OBJECTIVES
To investigate the mediator role of inflammation in any relationship between depressive symptoms and ischemic stroke.
## DESIGN
Longitudinal prospective study.
## SETTING
Review of medical records, death certificates, and the Medicare healthcare utilization database for hospitalizations.
## PARTICIPANTS
T... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Survival rate and causes of mortality in the elderly with depression: a 15-year prospective study of a Japanese community sample, the Matsunoyama-Niigata suicide prevention project. | ## OBJECTIVE
To compare long-term survival rates and causes of death in community-dwelling elderly with and without depression using the International Research Diagnostic Criteria administered by a psychiatrist.
## METHOD
From 1985 to 2000, we prospectively examined Japanese persons (N = 920) aged 65 years or older. Ca... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Framingham Study. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Emerging evidence raises the possibility of an association between depression and stroke risk. This study sought to examine whether depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events in a community-based sample.
## METHODS
A prospective study was conducted on 4... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study. | ## BACKGROUND
Previous studies that have assessed whether the presence of depressive symptoms predisposes to stroke in the general elderly population have been contradictory. Moreover, they did not distinguish between men and women and did not perform psychiatric workups in those with depressive symptoms. This study ex... | True |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Severely depressed young patients have over five times increased risk for stroke: a 5-year follow-up study. | ## BACKGROUND
This study aims to estimate the risk of developing stroke within 5 years of discharge among young patients ages 18 to approximately 44 who were hospitalized for depressive disorders.
## METHODS
Our study design features a study cohort and a comparison cohort. The study cohort included patients ages 18 to ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depression as a risk factor for the incidence of first-ever stroke in 85-year-olds. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression may increase the risk for stroke. Few studies have examined whether depression increases the risk for stroke in the very old and among the demented. We examined the relation between depression in 85-year-olds and the 3-year incidence of first-ever stroke.
## METHODS
A representative... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Psychological distress, major depressive disorder, and risk of stroke. | ## BACKGROUND
Studies have suggested that mood status is associated with an increased risk of stroke, though mostly based on measures of depression defined by symptoms alone rather than diagnostic criteria representative of clinically important distress and impairment. We investigated this association based upon a larg... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. | ## CONTEXT
Depressive symptoms predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown.
## OBJECTIVE
To determine why depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
## DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Th... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Cardiac disease, depressive symptoms, and incident stroke in an elderly population. | ## CONTEXT
Previous research suggests that depression is a risk factor for stroke. However, the reliability of much research is limited by the lack of documentation on the presence of preexistent cardiovascular disease and by the use of limited measures of depression or stroke.
## OBJECTIVES
To test the hypotheses that... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depressive symptoms predict incident stroke independently of memory impairments. | ## BACKGROUND
We evaluated whether depressive symptoms predict the onset of first stroke independently of memory impairment. We conceptualized memory impairment as a marker of preexisting cerebrovascular disease. We hypothesized that if depressive symptoms are causally related to stroke through mechanisms unrelated to ... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Does depression predict coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease equally well? The Health and Social Support Prospective Cohort Study. | ## BACKGROUND
The relationship between depression and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) continues to be debated although little research has compared the predictive power of depression for coronary heart disease (CHD) with that for CBVD within the same population. This study aimed to compare the importance of depression f... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Association of depression with subsequent mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and incident dementia in people aged 80 and over and suffering from hypertension. Data from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). | ## BACKGROUND
depression is common in elderly people and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and incident dementia.
## METHOD
participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) completed a depression screening instrument, the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS), at baseline and annually. W... | False |
21934057 | Depression and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | Is depression associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality in adults? | Two investigators (A.P. and Q.S.) independently assessed literature eligibility; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Articles were considered for inclusion in the systematic review if: (1) the authors reported data from an original, peer-reviewed study (i.e., not review articles, or meeting abstracts); (2) the st... | Adjusted Hazard Ratios of (A) Fatal Stroke and (B) Ischemic Stroke for Depressed Participants Compared with Non-depressed Individuals - B. Ischemic stroke | Depression and incident stroke in women. | ## BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Depression has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but prospective data for the association with stroke are limited.
## METHODS
We followed-up 80 574 women aged 54 to 79 years in Nurses' Health Study without a history of stroke from 2000 to 2006. Depressive sympto... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Neonatal deaths in developing countries make the largest contribution to global mortality in children younger than 5 years. 90% of deliveries in the poorest quintile of households happen at home. We postulated that a community-based participatory intervention could significantly reduce neonatal mortality ... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in Jharkhand and Orissa, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Community mobilisation through participatory women's groups might improve birth outcomes in poor rural communities. We therefore assessed this approach in a largely tribal and rural population in three districts in eastern India.
## METHODS
From 36 clusters in Jharkhand and Orissa, with an estimated popul... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Effect of scaling up women's groups on birth outcomes in three rural districts in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Two recent trials have shown that women's groups can reduce neonatal mortality in poor communities. We assessed the effectiveness of a scaled-up development programme with women's groups to address maternal and neonatal care in three rural districts of Bangladesh.
## METHODS
18 clusters (with a mean popul... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Community mobilization in Mumbai slums to improve perinatal care and outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial. | ## INTRODUCTION
Improving maternal and newborn health in low-income settings requires both health service and community action. Previous community initiatives have been predominantly rural, but India is urbanizing. While working to improve health service quality, we tested an intervention in which urban slum-dweller wo... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Effect of women's groups and volunteer peer counselling on rates of mortality, morbidity, and health behaviours in mothers and children in rural Malawi (MaiMwana): a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Women's groups and health education by peer counsellors can improve the health of mothers and children. We assessed their effects on mortality and breastfeeding rates in rural Malawi.
## METHODS
We did a 2×2 factorial, cluster-randomised trial in 185,888 people in Mchinji district. 48 equal-sized clusters... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | Effects of quality improvement in health facilities and community mobilization through women's groups on maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality in three districts of Malawi: MaiKhanda, a cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality remains high in low-income countries. We evaluated community and facility-based interventions to reduce deaths in three districts of Malawi.
## METHODS
We evaluated a rural participatory women's group community intervention (CI) and a quality improvement interven... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Maternal Mortality | The effect of increased coverage of participatory women's groups on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized trial. | ## IMPORTANCE
Community-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality when health systems are weak. Population coverage of target groups may be an important determinant of their effect on behavior and mortality. A women's group trial at coverage of 1 group per 1414 population in rural Bangladesh showed no effect on... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Neonatal deaths in developing countries make the largest contribution to global mortality in children younger than 5 years. 90% of deliveries in the poorest quintile of households happen at home. We postulated that a community-based participatory intervention could significantly reduce neonatal mortality ... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in Jharkhand and Orissa, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Community mobilisation through participatory women's groups might improve birth outcomes in poor rural communities. We therefore assessed this approach in a largely tribal and rural population in three districts in eastern India.
## METHODS
From 36 clusters in Jharkhand and Orissa, with an estimated popul... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Effect of scaling up women's groups on birth outcomes in three rural districts in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Two recent trials have shown that women's groups can reduce neonatal mortality in poor communities. We assessed the effectiveness of a scaled-up development programme with women's groups to address maternal and neonatal care in three rural districts of Bangladesh.
## METHODS
18 clusters (with a mean popul... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Community mobilization in Mumbai slums to improve perinatal care and outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial. | ## INTRODUCTION
Improving maternal and newborn health in low-income settings requires both health service and community action. Previous community initiatives have been predominantly rural, but India is urbanizing. While working to improve health service quality, we tested an intervention in which urban slum-dweller wo... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Effect of women's groups and volunteer peer counselling on rates of mortality, morbidity, and health behaviours in mothers and children in rural Malawi (MaiMwana): a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Women's groups and health education by peer counsellors can improve the health of mothers and children. We assessed their effects on mortality and breastfeeding rates in rural Malawi.
## METHODS
We did a 2×2 factorial, cluster-randomised trial in 185,888 people in Mchinji district. 48 equal-sized clusters... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | Effects of quality improvement in health facilities and community mobilization through women's groups on maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality in three districts of Malawi: MaiKhanda, a cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality remains high in low-income countries. We evaluated community and facility-based interventions to reduce deaths in three districts of Malawi.
## METHODS
We evaluated a rural participatory women's group community intervention (CI) and a quality improvement interven... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Meta-analysis of the effect of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B) - Neonatal Mortality | The effect of increased coverage of participatory women's groups on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized trial. | ## IMPORTANCE
Community-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality when health systems are weak. Population coverage of target groups may be an important determinant of their effect on behavior and mortality. A women's group trial at coverage of 1 group per 1414 population in rural Bangladesh showed no effect on... | True |
23683640 | Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | What are the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-resource settings compared to usual care? | No criteria | Subgroup analysis of the effect of women’s groups on maternal mortality (A) and neonatal mortality (B), by percentage of pregnant women participating in groups - <30% of pregnant women participating in groups | Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. | ## BACKGROUND
Neonatal deaths in developing countries make the largest contribution to global mortality in children younger than 5 years. 90% of deliveries in the poorest quintile of households happen at home. We postulated that a community-based participatory intervention could significantly reduce neonatal mortality ... | False |
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