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**Irregular calcifications (confluent psammoma bodies). |
*Usually found in spinal cord. |
<gallery> |
File:Psammomatous_meningioma.jpg | Numerous psammoma bodies (WC/jensflorian) |
File:NP psammomatous meningioma 0002.jpg | Psammomatous meningioma after EDTA treatment (WC) |
</gallery> |
=====Angiomatous meningioma===== |
*AKA vascular. |
*May bleed like stink. |
*May show extensive edema. |
*Hyalinized vessels dominate over tumor cells. |
*Degenerative nuclear atypia. |
DDx: |
*Vascular malformatons |
*Hemangioblastoma |
<gallery> |
File:Angiomatous_meningioma_HE_x100.jpg | Angiomatous meningioma (WC/jensflorian) |
</gallery> |
=====Microcystic meningioma===== |
Microscopic: |
*Cystic appearance. |
*Increased cytologic pleomorphism of the elongated cells. |
DDx: |
*Clear cell meningioma |
*Hemangioblastoma |
<gallery> |
File:Microcystic_meningeoma_HE_x100.jpg | Microcyts (WC/jensflorian) |
</gallery> |
=====Secretory meningioma===== |
*Associated with brain edema; may have a worse outcome. |
Microscopic:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Com04/Com405-1-Diss.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Com04/Com405-1-Diss.htm]. Accessed on: 12 October 2011.</ref> |
*Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions that are [[CEA]] +ve and [[PAS]] +ve. |
Molecular: |
* Combined KLF4 K409Q and TRAF7 mutations.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Reuss | first1 = DE. | last2 = Piro | first2 = RM. | last3 = Jones | first3 = DT. | last4 = Simon | first4 = M. | last5 = Ketter | first5 = R. | last6 = Kool | first6 = M. | last7 = Becker | first7 = A. | last8 = Sahm | first8 = F. | last9 = Pusch... |
DDx: |
*Metastatic [[mucinous adenocarcinoma]]. |
*Pituitary adenoma |
<gallery> |
File:Secretory_meningioma_HE_x200.jpg | Secretory granules (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Secretory_meningioma_PAS.jpg | PAS-positive secretory granules (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Secretory_meningioma_HE_smear.jpg | Smear with secretory granules (WC/jensflorian) |
</gallery> |
Images: |
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Com04/Com04Image/Com405-1-8.gif Secretory meningioma (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Com04/Com405-1-Diss.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Com04/Com405-1-Diss.htm]. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.</ref> |
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case370.html Secretory meningioma - several images (upmc.edu)]. |
=====Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma===== |
Microscopic: |
*Lymphocytes. |
*Plasma cells. |
Images: |
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case225/micro.html Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma - case 1 - several images (upmc.edu)]. |
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case247/micro.html Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma - case 2 - several images (upmc.edu)]. |
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case528.html Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma - case 3 - several images (upmc.edu)]. |
=====Metaplastic meningioma===== |
*No clinical significance. |
*Probably do not represent true metaplasia in all cases. |
*Clincal information is rquired to distinguish between bone invasion and meningiomas with bone formation. |
Microscopic: |
*Cartilage or bone formation. |
*Myxoid or xanthomatous changes. |
<gallery> |
File:Metaplastic_osseous_meningioma.jpg | Ossified meningioma, HE stain. (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Metaplastic_xanthomatous_meningioma.jpg | Metaplastic meningioma with xanthomatous changes. (WC/jensflorian) |
</gallery> |
====Grade II==== |
=====Brain invasive meningioma===== |
*Invades the brain (irregular, tongue-like). |
*Absence of leptomeningeal layer. |
*Brain invasion can be present in grade I tumors, these are then classified as "atypical", ie. as grade II tumors. |
*The prognostic significance of brain invasion is still unclear, some studies do not show a course similiar to grade II meningiomas.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Baumgarten | first1 = P. | last2 = Gessler | first2 = F. | last3 = Schittenhelm | first3 = J. | last4 = Skardelly | first4 = M. | last5 = Tews | first5 = DS.... |
Images: |
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/Composites/FNA0IE18-Meningioma-Invasion.htm Meningioma with brain invasion (ouhsc.edu)]. |
<gallery> |
File:Brain invasion meningioma.jpg | Finger-like protrusions, HE (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Meningioma - brain invasion - very high mag.jpg | Brain invasive meningooma (WC/Nephron) |
</gallery> |
=====Clear cell meningioma===== |
Epidemiology: |
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