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† Rosenthal fibres at the periphery of a lesion are a non-specific finding seen in chronic processes. |
==Brain metastasis== |
{{Main|Brain metastasis}} |
===Molecular=== |
See also: [[Molecular_pathology_tests#Neuropathology|Molecular Neuropathology]] |
==Gliomas== |
{{Main|Glioma}} |
Gliomas, glioneuronal tumours and neuronal tumours are often categorized together. |
===Astrocytic tumours=== |
{{Main|Astrocytoma}} |
* [[Astrocytoma]], IDH-mutant. |
* [[Glioblastoma]], IDH-wildtype. |
** [[Gliosarcoma]] (a glioblastoma subtype) |
Features:<ref name=pmid>{{cite journal |author=Rong Y, Durden DL, Van Meir EG, Brat DJ |title='Pseudopalisading' necrosis in glioblastoma: a familiar morphologic feature that links vascular pathology, hypoxia, and angiogenesis |journal=J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=529–39 |year=2006 |month=Jun... |
*Glial processes - '''key feature'''. |
**Thin stringy cytoplasmic processes - best seen at high power in less cellular areas. |
*No Rosenthal fibres within the tumour itself. |
Images: |
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/N0A002-PQ01-M.htm Endothelial proliferation in a GBM (ouhsc.edu)]. |
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q05-Ans.htm Endothelial proliferation (ouhse.edu)]. |
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case368.html Gemistocytic astrocytoma - several images (upmc.edu)]. |
Depreceated: |
* Diffuse [[Astrocytoma]] |
* [[Anaplastic astrocytoma]] |
* [[Gliomatosis cerebri]] |
* Spongioblastoma |
===Oligodendroglial tumours=== |
* [[Oligodendroglioma]], IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted. |
Depreceated: |
* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma |
* [[Oligoastrocytoma]] |
* Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma |
===Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma=== |
{{Main|Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma}} |
* [[Astrocytoma#Diffuse_midline_glioma.2C_H3_K27M_mutant|Diffuse midline glioma H3 K27-mutant]] |
===Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma=== |
{{Main|Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma}} |
===Circumscribed astrocytic gliomas=== |
* [[Pilocytic astrocytoma]] (PA) |
** [[Pilomyxoid astrocytoma]] (PMA) |
* [[Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma]] (PXA) |
* [[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]] (SEGA) |
* [[Neuropathology_tumours#Astroblastoma|Astroblastoma MN1-altered]]. |
* [[Neuropathology_tumours#Chordoid glioma of the third ventricl|Chordoid glioma]]. |
====Astroblastoma==== |
*No WHO grade yet.<ref>{{Ref WHOCNS|88}}</ref> |
*Very rare superficial tumor of young age.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Narayan | first1 = S. | last2 = Kapoor | first2 = A. | last3 = Singhal | first3 = MK. | last4 = Jakhar | first4 = SL. | last5 = Bagri | first5 = PK. | last6 = Rajput | first6 = PS. | last7 = Kumar | first7 = HS. | title = Astroblastoma of cerebrum... |
*Large, cystic. Pushing margin towards CNS. |
*Vasocentric growth, plump cells with absence of fibrillary pattern. |
*GFAP+ve, Synaptohysin-ve, Olig-2-ve, focally EMA/panCK+ve. MIB-1: 1-18 %. |
*Molecular profile overlaps with classical [[CNS-PNET]]. |
**Gene fusions invoving meningioma gene (MN1)<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sturm | first1 = D. | last2 = Orr | first2 = BA. | last3 = Toprak | first3 = UH. | last4 = Hovestadt | first4 = V. | last5 = Jones | first5 = DT. | last6 = Capper | first6 = D. | last7 = Sill | first7 = M. | last8 = Buchhalter | first8 = I. | l... |
<gallery> |
File:Astroblastoma_HE_Specimen.jpg | HE. (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Astroblastoma_HE_papillae.jpg | HE. (WC/jensflorian) |
File:Astroblastoma.jpg | Astroblastoma (AFIP) |
</gallery> |
====Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle==== |
* WHO grade II. |
* Slowly growing, non-invasive, in adults. |
* Clusters of epithelioid cells in mucinous stroma. |
* Lymphocytic infiltrates, adjacent Rosenthal fibers. |
* Fibrosis may be present. |
* Few mitoses. |
* [[GFAP]]+ve, MIB-1 1-3%. |
* [[TTF-1]]+ve. |
* CD34+ve. |
* [[IDH-1]]-ve, [[p53]]-ve. |
* PRKCA D463H mutations.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Goode | first1 = B. | last2 = Mondal | first2 = G. | last3 = Hyun | first3 = M. | last4 = Ruiz | first4 = DG. | last5 = Lin | first5 = YH. | last6 = Van Ziffle | first6 = J. | last7 = Joseph | first7 = NM. | last8 = Onodera | first8 = C. | last9 = Talevich | first9... |
<gallery> |
File:NP op 20201028 009.jpg | Chordoid Glioma. (WC/jensflorian) |
</gallery> |
===Ependymal tumours=== |
* [[Subependymoma]] |
* [[Myxopapillary Ependymoma]] |
* [[Ependymoma]] |
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