Datasets:
johnseenun
/
thesis-data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
text
stringlengths
0
5.79k
*[[Astroblastoma]], MN1-altered.
=Diffuse growing astrocytomas=
*[[Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant]].
*[[Glioblastoma]], IDH wildtype.
*[[Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered]].
*[[Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant]].
*[[Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL-altered]].
*Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype.
*Angiocentric glioma.
*Diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-altered.
=Circumscribed astrocytomas=
*[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]].
*[[High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features]].
*[[Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma]].
*[[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]].
*[[Chordoid glioma]].
*[[Astroblastoma]], MN1-altered.
=Common Astrocytomas=
==Pilocytic astrocytoma==
* Benign, cystic, infratentorial.
* Classic childhood tumor, surgically resectable.
* Circumscribed astrocytic glioma
* Variant: [[Pilomyxoid astrocytoma]]
{{Main|Pilocytic astrocytoma}}
==Astrocytoma, IDH mutant==
* Astrocytoma, IDH mutant are less common than glioblastoma.
* Grade 2-4 depends on histological and molecular criteria:
{{Main|Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant}}
=== Astrocytoma, IDH mutant grade 2===
* Formerly designated as Diffuse astrocytoma Grade II.
* Typically seen in adults.
* Usually shows progression to astrocytoma IDH mutant, grade 4.
===Astrocytoma, IDH mutant grade 3===
* Formerly designated Anaplastic astrocytoma Grade III.
* Typically seen in adults.
* Increased cellularity, cell atypia and mitotic activity.
* Lacks endothelial proliferations and necrosis of glioblastoma.
===Astrocytoma, IDH mutant grade 4===
* Formerly called Glioblastoma, IDH mutant.
* Endothelial proliferations and necrosis indistinguishable from glioblastoma.
* Homozygous CDKN2A deletion qualifies grade 2 and grade 3 astrocytomas as grade 4 tumor.
==Glioblastoma==
* Most common malignant brain tumor peaking around 65 years.
* Prognosis very poor.
* Variant: [[Giant cell glioblastoma]]
* Variant: [[Gliosarcoma]]
{{Main|Glioblastoma}}
=Uncommon Astrocytomas=
==Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL-altered==
* Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma.
* Associated with epileptic seizures.
* Excellent prognosis.
{{Main|Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL-altered}}
==Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma==
* Intraventricular benign tumor of adolescents.
* Associated with [[Tuberous sclerosis]].
{{Main|Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma}}
==Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma (PXA)==
* Kids & young adults usually with good prognosis.
* Large lipidized cells mimicking a malignant tumor
{{Main|Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma}}
==Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered==
* High-grade astrocytic neoplasm associated with midline structures (thalamus, brain stem, spinal cord).
* Mostly in children and adolescents.
* Includes diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DPIG).
{{Main|Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered}}
==Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant==
* Infiltrative hemispheric glioma of young adults.
* Glioblastoma-like appearance (CNS WHO grade 4 tumor).
* Newly defined entity in WHO 2021 classification.
* H3F3A missense mutation G34R or G34V.
{{Main|Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant}}
==High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features==
* Frequent in posterior fossa (75%).
* 1-3% of all brain tumors.
* Histology may resemble Glionblastoma or Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
* Tumor is enriched for piloid cell processes.
* ATRX nuclear loss is frequent.
* Usu. MAPK-pathway alterations + CDKN2A homozygous deletion.
* Distinct methylation profile.
{{Main|High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features}}
==Gliomatosis cerebri==
* Depreceated entity.
* Was used for extensively diffusely growing astrocytic neoplasms.