Hybrid-Policy Self-Editing for Composable Unstructured Knowledge Editing
Paper • 2608.11660 • Published • 11
case_id int64 1 3k | requested_rewrite listlengths 2 4 | questions listlengths 3 3 | answer stringclasses 206
values | answer_alias listlengths 0 30 | new_answer stringlengths 3 47 | new_answer_alias listlengths 0 22 | single_hops listlengths 2 4 | new_single_hops listlengths 2 4 | orig dict | cloze_question stringlengths 28 153 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is a citizen of",
"relation_id": "P27",
"target_new": {
"str": "United Kingdom",
"id": "Q145"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Portugal",
"id": "Q45"
},
"subject": "Fernando Santos",
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Fernando Santos... | [
"Who is the head of state of the country where Fernando Santos hold a citizenship?",
"In which country is Fernando Santos a citizen and who is the head of state?",
"Which person holds the position of head of state in the country from which Fernando Santos holds citizenship?"
] | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | [
"Marcelo de Sousa",
"Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa"
] | Emmerson Mnangagwa | [
"Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa",
"Emmerson Dambudziko Garwe Mnangagwa"
] | [
{
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Fernando Santos?",
"cloze": "Fernando Santos is a citizen of",
"answer": "Portugal",
"answer_alias": [
"POR",
"Portuguese Republic",
"PRT",
"PT",
"🇵🇹"
]
},
{
"question": "What is the name of the current ... | [
{
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Fernando Santos?",
"cloze": "Fernando Santos is a citizen of",
"answer": "United Kingdom",
"answer_alias": [
"Britain",
"UK",
"G. B.",
"GBR",
"Great Britain",
"GB",
"G.B.",
"United Kingdom of Great B... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q360687",
"P27",
"Q45"
],
[
"Q45",
"P35",
"Q6756617"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Fernando Santos",
"country of citizenship",
"Portugal"
],
[
"Portugal",
"head of state",
"Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa"... | The head of state of the country where Fernando Santos holds citizenship is |
5 | [
{
"prompt": "The head coach of {} is",
"relation_id": "P286",
"target_new": {
"str": "Tom Thibodeau",
"id": "Q586579"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Carlos Queiroz",
"id": "Q313209"
},
"subject": "Iran national football team",
"question": "Who is the head coach o... | [
"What sport does the head coach of the Iran national football team specialize in?",
"In which sport is the head coach of the Iran national football team involved?",
"Which sport does the head coach of the Iran national football team coach in?"
] | association football | [
"football",
"association soccer",
"footie",
"footy",
"futbol",
"futebol",
"soccer"
] | savate | [] | [
{
"question": "Who is the head coach of Iran national football team?",
"cloze": "The head coach of Iran national football team is",
"answer": "Carlos Queiroz",
"answer_alias": [
"Carlos Manuel Brito Leal de Queiroz",
"Carlos Manuel Brito Leal Queiroz"
]
},
{
"question": "Whic... | [
{
"question": "Who is the head coach of Iran national football team?",
"cloze": "The head coach of Iran national football team is",
"answer": "Tom Thibodeau",
"answer_alias": [
"Thibs",
"Thomas Joseph Thibodeau, Jr."
]
},
{
"question": "Which sport is Tom Thibodeau associated... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q184602",
"P286",
"Q313209"
],
[
"Q313209",
"P641",
"Q2736"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Iran national football team",
"head coach",
"Carlos Queiroz"
],
[
"Carlos Queiroz",
"sport",
"association f... | The sport that the head coach of the Iran national football team specializes in is |
11 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is famous for",
"relation_id": "P800",
"target_new": {
"str": "Magnum, P.I.",
"id": "Q254689"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "The Population Bomb",
"id": "Q3206729"
},
"subject": "Paul Ralph Ehrlich",
"question": "What is Paul Ralph Ehrlich famous ... | [
"In which language is the notable work associated with Paul Ralph Ehrlich written?",
"What is the language used for the notable work associated with Paul Ralph Ehrlich?",
"The language of the notable work associated with Paul Ralph Ehrlich is what?"
] | English | [
"en",
"eng",
"English language"
] | Sanskrit | [
"sa",
"Sanskrit language",
"san",
"skt",
"Samskrta",
"Samskrtam",
"Sanſcrit",
"Sunscrit",
"संस्कृत-",
"संस्कृतम्"
] | [
{
"question": "What is Paul Ralph Ehrlich famous for?",
"cloze": "Paul Ralph Ehrlich is famous for",
"answer": "The Population Bomb",
"answer_alias": []
},
{
"question": "Which language was The Population Bomb written in?",
"cloze": "The Population Bomb was written in the language of",
... | [
{
"question": "What is Paul Ralph Ehrlich famous for?",
"cloze": "Paul Ralph Ehrlich is famous for",
"answer": "Magnum, P.I.",
"answer_alias": [
"Magnum",
"Magnum P.I.",
"Magnum PI"
]
},
{
"question": "Which language was Magnum, P.I. written in?",
"cloze": "Magnum, ... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q377983",
"P800",
"Q3206729"
],
[
"Q3206729",
"P407",
"Q1860"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Paul Ralph Ehrlich",
"notable work",
"The Population Bomb"
],
[
"The Population Bomb",
"language of work or nam... | The language in which the notable work associated with Paul Ralph Ehrlich is written is |
13 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is a citizen of",
"relation_id": "P27",
"target_new": {
"str": "Australia",
"id": "Q408"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "England",
"id": "Q21"
},
"subject": "Edward Stillingfleet",
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Edward Stillingf... | [
"In which continent is the country of citizenship of Edward Stillingfleet located?",
"What continent does the nationality of Edward Stillingfleet belong to?",
"In which continent was the citizen country of Edward Stillingfleet located?"
] | Europe | [
"European continent",
"Old Continent"
] | South America | [] | [
{
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Edward Stillingfleet?",
"cloze": "Edward Stillingfleet is a citizen of",
"answer": "England",
"answer_alias": [
"ENG"
]
},
{
"question": "Which continent is England located in?",
"cloze": "England is located in the continent ... | [
{
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Edward Stillingfleet?",
"cloze": "Edward Stillingfleet is a citizen of",
"answer": "Australia",
"answer_alias": [
"Stralia",
"Nova Hollandia",
"Oz",
"AU",
"New Holland",
"au",
"AUS",
"Commonwealth of... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q4216692",
"P27",
"Q21"
],
[
"Q21",
"P30",
"Q46"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Edward Stillingfleet",
"country of citizenship",
"England"
],
[
"England",
"continent",
"Europe"
]
],
"new_tri... | The continent where the country of citizenship of Edward Stillingfleet is located is |
15 | [
{
"prompt": "The official language of {} is",
"relation_id": "P37",
"target_new": {
"str": "Black Speech",
"id": "Q686210"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Finnish",
"id": "Q1412"
},
"subject": "Uusikaupunki",
"question": "What is the official language of Uusikaupu... | [
"Who is the creator of Uusikaupunki's official language?",
"By whom was the official language of Uusikaupunki created?",
"Who developed the official language used in Uusikaupunki?"
] | Mikael Agricola | [
"Michael Agricola",
"Michael Olai",
"Mikael Olavinpoika"
] | Chris Bearde | [] | [
{
"question": "What is the official language of Uusikaupunki?",
"cloze": "The official language of Uusikaupunki is",
"answer": "Finnish",
"answer_alias": [
"Suomi",
"fi",
"fin",
"Finnish language"
]
},
{
"question": "Who was Finnish created by?",
"cloze": "Fin... | [
{
"question": "What is the official language of Uusikaupunki?",
"cloze": "The official language of Uusikaupunki is",
"answer": "Black Speech",
"answer_alias": []
},
{
"question": "Who was Black Speech created by?",
"cloze": "Black Speech was created by",
"answer": "Chris Bearde",
... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q207295",
"P37",
"Q1412"
],
[
"Q1412",
"P170",
"Q215346"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Uusikaupunki",
"official language",
"Finnish"
],
[
"Finnish",
"creator",
"Mikael Agricola"
]
],
"new_t... | The creator of Uusikaupunki's official language is |
16 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is affiliated with the religion of",
"relation_id": "P140",
"target_new": {
"str": "Armenian Apostolic Church",
"id": "Q683724"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Islam",
"id": "Q432"
},
"subject": "Nur Misuari",
"question": "Which religion is Nur Mis... | [
"Who founded the religion associated with Nur Misuari?",
"What is the name of the person who established the religion followed by Nur Misuari?",
"From whom did the religion of Nur Misuari originate?"
] | Muhammad | [
"Abu al-Qasim ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim",
"Abu'l-Qasim",
"Ahmad",
"Mahomet",
"Mohammad",
"Mohammed",
"Muhammad ibn Abdullah",
"Muhammed",
"Prophet Muhammad",
"Seal of the Prophets",
"Servant of Allah",
"The Messenger",
"The Prophet"
] | Henry Ford | [] | [
{
"question": "Which religion is Nur Misuari affiliated with?",
"cloze": "Nur Misuari is affiliated with the religion of",
"answer": "Islam",
"answer_alias": [
"al-’islām",
"Islamic religion",
"Mohammedanism",
"Muslim religion",
"religion of the Muslims"
]
},
{
... | [
{
"question": "Which religion is Nur Misuari affiliated with?",
"cloze": "Nur Misuari is affiliated with the religion of",
"answer": "Armenian Apostolic Church",
"answer_alias": []
},
{
"question": "Who founded Armenian Apostolic Church?",
"cloze": "Armenian Apostolic Church was founded ... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q2005240",
"P140",
"Q432"
],
[
"Q432",
"P112",
"Q9458"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Nur Misuari",
"religion or worldview",
"Islam"
],
[
"Islam",
"founded by",
"Muhammad"
]
],
"new_triples"... | The founder of the religion associated with Nur Misuari is |
17 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is associated with the sport of",
"relation_id": "P641",
"target_new": {
"str": "association football",
"id": "Q2736"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "basketball",
"id": "Q5372"
},
"subject": "Panionios B.C.",
"question": "Which sport is Panionios B... | [
"What country is the place of origin of the sport associated with Panionios B.C.?",
"From which country does the sport related to Panionios B.C. originate?",
"Which country is known as the birthplace of the sport that Panionios B.C. plays?"
] | United States of America | [
"the States",
"the U.S.",
"the United States",
"the United States of America",
"the US",
"the USA",
"U. S.",
"U. S. A.",
"U.S.",
"U.S.A.",
"US of A",
"USA",
"America",
"United States",
"US",
"the U.S. of A",
"the U.S. of America",
"the U.S.A.",
"the US of A",
"the US of America... | Italy | [
"ITA",
"Italia",
"IT",
"🇮🇹",
"Italian Republic",
"Repubblica Italiana",
"Republic of Italy"
] | [
{
"question": "Which sport is Panionios B.C. associated with?",
"cloze": "Panionios B.C. is associated with the sport of",
"answer": "basketball",
"answer_alias": [
"BB",
"Basketball",
"basket ball",
"b-ball",
"hoops"
]
},
{
"question": "Which country was ba... | [
{
"question": "Which sport is Panionios B.C. associated with?",
"cloze": "Panionios B.C. is associated with the sport of",
"answer": "association football",
"answer_alias": [
"football",
"association soccer",
"footie",
"footy",
"futbol",
"futebol",
"soccer"
... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q2049524",
"P641",
"Q5372"
],
[
"Q5372",
"P495",
"Q30"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Panionios B.C.",
"sport",
"basketball"
],
[
"basketball",
"country of origin",
"United States of America"
]
... | The country of origin of the sport associated with Panionios B.C. is |
20 | [
{
"prompt": "{} was created by",
"relation_id": "P170",
"target_new": {
"str": "Joseph Wright of Derby",
"id": "Q214062"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Ian Fleming",
"id": "Q82104"
},
"subject": "James Bond",
"question": "Who was James Bond created by?",
"rep... | [
"What language(s) is the creator of James Bond proficient in?",
"In which language(s) is the creator of James Bond well-versed?",
"What language(s) can the mind behind James Bond speak, write or communicate in?"
] | English | [
"en",
"eng",
"English language"
] | Russian | [
"Russkiy",
"Russkiy yazyk",
"ru",
"Russian language"
] | [
{
"question": "Who was James Bond created by?",
"cloze": "James Bond was created by",
"answer": "Ian Fleming",
"answer_alias": [
"Ian Lancaster Fleming"
]
},
{
"question": "What language does Ian Fleming speak?",
"cloze": "Ian Fleming speaks the language of",
"answer": "Eng... | [
{
"question": "Who was James Bond created by?",
"cloze": "James Bond was created by",
"answer": "Joseph Wright of Derby",
"answer_alias": [
"Wright",
"Joseph Wright",
"Thomas Wright",
"J. Wright",
"james of derby wright",
"james, of Derby wright",
"Jos. Wrig... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q844",
"P170",
"Q82104"
],
[
"Q82104",
"P1412",
"Q1860"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"James Bond",
"creator",
"Ian Fleming"
],
[
"Ian Fleming",
"languages spoken, written or signed",
"English"
... | The language(s) in which the creator of James Bond is proficient is |
22 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is employed by",
"relation_id": "P108",
"target_new": {
"str": "British Broadcasting Corporation",
"id": "Q9531"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Central Intelligence Agency",
"id": "Q37230"
},
"subject": "Michael Scheuer",
"question": "Who is the e... | [
"Who is the person in charge of Michael Scheuer's employer?",
"What's the name of the director or manager of Michael Scheuer's employer?",
"Who manages the organization where Michael Scheuer is employed?"
] | Gina Haspel | [
"Gina C. Haspel",
"Gina Cheri Haspel",
"Gina Cheri Walker",
"Gina Cheri Walker Haspel"
] | Narendra Modi | [
"Modi",
"Modi Ji",
"Modiji",
"NaMo",
"Narendra Bhai",
"Narendra Damodardas Modi",
"Narendrabhai",
"Narendrabhai Damodardas Modi"
] | [
{
"question": "Who is the employer of Michael Scheuer?",
"cloze": "Michael Scheuer is employed by",
"answer": "Central Intelligence Agency",
"answer_alias": [
"the Agency",
"the company",
"CIA",
"C.I.A."
]
},
{
"question": "Who is the director of Central Intellige... | [
{
"question": "Who is the employer of Michael Scheuer?",
"cloze": "Michael Scheuer is employed by",
"answer": "British Broadcasting Corporation",
"answer_alias": [
"British Broadcasting Corporation"
]
},
{
"question": "Who is the director of British Broadcasting Corporation?",
... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q1929200",
"P108",
"Q37230"
],
[
"Q37230",
"P1037",
"Q28606502"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Michael Scheuer",
"employer",
"Central Intelligence Agency"
],
[
"Central Intelligence Agency",
"director / m... | The person in charge of Michael Scheuer's employer is |
26 | [
{
"prompt": "The author of {} is",
"relation_id": "P50",
"target_new": {
"str": "Geoffrey Chaucer",
"id": "Q5683"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Thornton Wilder",
"id": "Q155087"
},
"subject": "Our Town",
"question": "Who is the author of Our Town?",
"rephras... | [
"What work is known to be the most notable piece by the author of \"Our Town\"?",
"Which piece of writing by the author of \"Our Town\" is considered to be their most famous work?",
"What is the most notable piece of literature written by the author of \"Our Town\"?"
] | The Bridge of San Luis Rey | [
"Bridge of San Luis Rey"
] | Shaman King | [] | [
{
"question": "Who is the author of Our Town?",
"cloze": "The author of Our Town is",
"answer": "Thornton Wilder",
"answer_alias": [
"Thornton Niven Wilder"
]
},
{
"question": "What is Thornton Wilder famous for?",
"cloze": "Thornton Wilder is famous for",
"answer": "The Br... | [
{
"question": "Who is the author of Our Town?",
"cloze": "The author of Our Town is",
"answer": "Geoffrey Chaucer",
"answer_alias": [
"Chaucer"
]
},
{
"question": "What is Geoffrey Chaucer famous for?",
"cloze": "Geoffrey Chaucer is famous for",
"answer": "Shaman King",
... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q1755219",
"P50",
"Q155087"
],
[
"Q155087",
"P800",
"Q941462"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Our Town",
"author",
"Thornton Wilder"
],
[
"Thornton Wilder",
"notable work",
"The Bridge of San Luis Re... | The most notable piece by the author of "Our Town" is |
27 | [
{
"prompt": "{} plays the position of",
"relation_id": "P413",
"target_new": {
"str": "midfielder",
"id": "Q193592"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "quarterback",
"id": "Q622747"
},
"subject": "Mike Glennon",
"question": "What position does Mike Glennon play?",
... | [
"What sport does Mike Glennon play?",
"Which sport is associated with the position played by Mike Glennon on his team?",
"In what sport does Mike Glennon participate, given the position played by him on his team?"
] | American football | [
"🏈",
"American rules football",
"football",
"gridiron football"
] | sumo | [] | [
{
"question": "What position does Mike Glennon play?",
"cloze": "Mike Glennon plays the position of",
"answer": "quarterback",
"answer_alias": [
"QB"
]
},
{
"question": "Which sport is quarterback associated with?",
"cloze": "quarterback is associated with the sport of",
"a... | [
{
"question": "What position does Mike Glennon play?",
"cloze": "Mike Glennon plays the position of",
"answer": "midfielder",
"answer_alias": [
"M",
"MF",
"mid-fielder"
]
},
{
"question": "Which sport is midfielder associated with?",
"cloze": "midfielder is associat... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q6847012",
"P413",
"Q622747"
],
[
"Q622747",
"P641",
"Q41323"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Mike Glennon",
"position played on team / speciality",
"quarterback"
],
[
"quarterback",
"sport",
"Americ... | The sport that Mike Glennon plays is |
34 | [
{
"prompt": "{} is married to",
"relation_id": "P26",
"target_new": {
"str": "Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark",
"id": "Q170160"
},
"target_true": {
"str": "Ronald Reagan",
"id": "Q9960"
},
"subject": "Nancy Reagan",
"question": "Who is Nancy Reagan marri... | [
"What is the country of citizenship of Nancy Reagan's spouse?",
"From which country does Nancy Reagan's spouse hold citizenship?",
"Which country is the spouse of Nancy Reagan a citizen of?"
] | United States of America | [
"the States",
"the U.S.",
"the United States",
"the United States of America",
"the US",
"the USA",
"U. S.",
"U. S. A.",
"U.S.",
"U.S.A.",
"US of A",
"USA",
"America",
"United States",
"US",
"the U.S. of A",
"the U.S. of America",
"the U.S.A.",
"the US of A",
"the US of America... | Ireland | [
"Southern Ireland",
"Ireland",
"Éire",
"IRL",
"Hibernia",
"IE",
"Ireland, Republic of",
"Eire",
"ie",
"🇮🇪",
"Ireland (state)"
] | [
{
"question": "Who is Nancy Reagan married to?",
"cloze": "Nancy Reagan is married to",
"answer": "Ronald Reagan",
"answer_alias": [
"President Reagan",
"President Ronald Reagan",
"R. W. Reagan",
"Ronald W Reagan",
"Ronald W. Reagan",
"Ronald Wilson Reagan"
]
... | [
{
"question": "Who is Nancy Reagan married to?",
"cloze": "Nancy Reagan is married to",
"answer": "Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark",
"answer_alias": [
"Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark"
]
},
{
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of Prince Nicholas of Greece a... | {
"triples": [
[
"Q193426",
"P26",
"Q9960"
],
[
"Q9960",
"P27",
"Q30"
]
],
"triples_labeled": [
[
"Nancy Reagan",
"spouse",
"Ronald Reagan"
],
[
"Ronald Reagan",
"country of citizenship",
"United States of America"... | The country of citizenship of Nancy Reagan's spouse is |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
MQuAKE-uns-HPSE
MQuAKE-uns-HPSE is the unstructured multi-hop knowledge-editing benchmark used in
Hybrid-Policy Self-Editing for Composable Unstructured Knowledge Editing.
It contains the 1,187 clean cases from MQuAKE-CF-3k-v2 for which n_edits == n_hops, augmented with
an unstructured passage (fact_new_uns) for every requested edit.
The project repository, including the paper's efficacy check and lightweight loader, is available at lliutianc/hpse.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("lliutianc/mquake-uns-hpse", split="test")
print(dataset[0])
The repository preserves the original JSON records. For a normalized view and the exact hit
function used in the paper, see
dsets/mquake_uns.py.
Dataset description
Each case asks an editor to inject two to four knowledge edits, each expressed as an unstructured passage, and then answer multi-hop questions whose correct answers require composing the injected facts with other knowledge.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
case_id |
MQuAKE case identifier. |
requested_rewrite |
Requested edits; each edit includes the HPSE-added fact_new_uns passage. |
questions |
Multi-hop paraphrases used as evaluation prompts. |
answer / answer_alias |
Original answer and aliases. |
new_answer / new_answer_alias |
Correct post-edit answer and aliases. |
single_hops |
Original single-hop reasoning chain. |
new_single_hops |
Post-edit single-hop reasoning chain. |
orig |
Auxiliary source record retained from data construction. |
cloze_question |
Auxiliary cloze-form question. |
The dataset has one test split with 1,187 cases: 535 two-hop, 339 three-hop, and 313 four-hop
cases. A few auxiliary fields generated during development are retained for provenance but are not
used in the HPSE experiments.
Source and construction
The base records come from
MQuAKE-CF-3k-v2. Original MQuAKE fields are preserved.
For each requested rewrite, HPSE adds fact_new_uns, a free-form passage asserting the new fact.
AKEW's passage-generation prompt was used to create these unstructured passages.
License and attribution
MQuAKE is released under the MIT License. The HPSE-added fields and repository code are also released under the MIT License. Please cite the HPSE paper, MQuAKE, and AKEW as appropriate when using this dataset.
Limitations
This benchmark is intended for research on knowledge editing and compositional multi-hop reasoning. Its counterfactual edits and generated passages may contain unnatural or factually inconsistent statements by design. String/alias matching is an efficacy proxy and does not fully characterize answer correctness.
Citation
@misc{liu2026hpse,
title = {Hybrid-Policy Self-Editing for Composable Unstructured Knowledge Editing},
author = {Tianci Liu and Zihan Dong and Tianchun Li and Yi-Chung Chen and Qiming Cao and Xingchen Wang and Shiyang Wang and Zichen Miao and Linjun Zhang and Haoyu Wang and Jing Gao},
year = {2026},
eprint = {2608.11660},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
primaryClass = {cs.CL},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11660}
}
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