Add files using upload-large-folder tool

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST250_x2_mastery.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+\centerline{\bf INST 250 (Final Control Elements), Exam 2 -- MASTERY} \bigskip 
+ 
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+\underbar{NAME:}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+% No blank lines allowed between lines of an \halign structure!
+% I use comments (%) instead, so that TeX doesn't choke.
+
+\vbox{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\strut
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil \vrule \cr
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% First row
+\# & Question type & 1st attempt & 2nd attempt \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+1 & Electricity Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+2-3 & INST250-specific & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+4-5 & Split-ranging and algebra & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+6 & Circuit Fault Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+7 & INST230 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+8 & INST240 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+9 & INST263 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% First row
+ -- -- & Fractional score / Percentage score & Score = \hskip 20pt / \hskip 20pt & Score = \hskip 30pt \%  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+} % End of \halign 
+} % End of \vbox
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\underbar{No credit will be given for mathematical answers unless your work is shown!}
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST251_x2_mastery.exam

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+
+# "Concatenating" all selected questions/answers/notes into a single TeX file.
+# This is where you specify the possible questions you want included in your exam,
+# in the order you want them to appear.
+
+# Note that an exam sequence file (*.exam) is written a bit differently than 
+# a worksheet sequence file (*.seq).  Here, you include a few TeX commands to
+# delineate sections of the exam (point value, question types, etc.) as well 
+# as comments suggesting how many questions to pick for each section, so the 
+# end-user may randomize exams by arbitrarily excluding certain questions.
+
+
+#(BEGIN_PREAMBLE)
+## Start with a fresh (empty) "all.tex" file
+echo " " > all.tex
+#(END_PREAMBLE)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q001)
+## Comment: Electricity Review (Series or parallel AC V/I/phase calculations)
+## Bloom's Level: Application
+echo "\noindent {\bf (1) Electricity Review}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q001)
+#cat i01098.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_out and phase shift for an LR highpass filter circuit given V_in, f
+#cat i01092.tex >> all.tex # calculate I_R, I_L, and I_total in a parallel LR circuit given V_source, f
+cat i01099.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_source, and phase shift in a series LR circuit given V_source, f
+#cat i01094.tex >> all.tex # calculate I_R, I_C, and I_total in a parallel RC circuit given V_source, f
+#cat i01096.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_out and phase shift for an RC highpass filter circuit given V_in, f
+#cat i01095.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_out and phase shift for an RC lowpass filter circuit given V_in, f
+#cat i01090.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_R, V_L, and I in a series LR circuit given V_source, f
+#cat i01091.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_R, V_L, and I in a series RC circuit given V_source, f
+#cat i01097.tex >> all.tex # calculate V_out and phase shift for an LR lowpass filter circuit given V_in, f
+#(END_Q001)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q002)
+## Comment: First course-specific question (Calculate the derivative of a single point on a graph)
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\vfil \eject" >> all.tex
+echo "\noindent {\bf (2) Course-specific mastery question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q002)
+#cat i01835.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i03060.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+cat i03334.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i04424.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i03389.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i01759.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i01837.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i01844.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i03061.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i03388.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#cat i01760.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph 
+#(END_Q002)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q003)
+## Comment: Second course-specific question (Calculate the integral of a specified range on a graph)
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\noindent {\bf (3) Course-specific mastery question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q003) 
+#cat i03065.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, positive dx
+#cat i01888.tex >> all.tex # calculating work stretching a spring (force-stretch graph)
+cat i03064.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, negative dx
+#cat i03555.tex >> all.tex # calculating total liquid volume accumulated (flow graph)
+#cat i01843.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, positive dx 
+#cat i01887.tex >> all.tex # calculating work stretching a spring (force-stretch graph)
+#cat i03558.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, negative dx
+#cat i01889.tex >> all.tex # calculating total liquid volume accumulated (flow graph)
+#cat i01845.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, positive dx
+#cat i01842.tex >> all.tex # generic function in graph, positive dx
+#(END_Q003)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q004)
+## Comment: identify the graphed response of a controller as being either P, I, or D
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\noindent {\bf (4) PID controller action mastery question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q004)
+#cat i03672.tex >> all.tex # Derivative action (reverse)
+#cat i03336.tex >> all.tex # Integral action (reverse)
+cat i03670.tex >> all.tex # Proportional action (direct)
+#cat i03673.tex >> all.tex # Integral action (reverse)
+#cat i03337.tex >> all.tex # Derivative action (direct)
+#cat i03669.tex >> all.tex # Proportional action (reverse)
+#cat i03671.tex >> all.tex # Derivative action (direct)
+#cat i03656.tex >> all.tex # Integral action (direct)
+#(END_Q004)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q005)
+## Comment: Solve for a specified variable in an algebraic formula containing roots/powers/exponents/logs
+## Bloom's Level: Application
+echo "\noindent {\bf (5) Algebra Review question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q005)
+#cat i02686.tex >> all.tex # varactor diode capacitance, solve for V
+#cat i01968.tex >> all.tex # Decibel gain formula, solve for P_out
+#cat i01969.tex >> all.tex # Decibel gain formula, solve for P_in
+cat i01966.tex >> all.tex # Control valve pressure recovery factor formula, solve for P_2
+#cat i01967.tex >> all.tex # Control valve pressure recovery factor formula, solve for P_vc
+#cat i01965.tex >> all.tex # Capacitor discharge formula, solve for (tau)
+#cat i02685.tex >> all.tex # Capacitor discharge formula, solve for V_0
+#cat i01964.tex >> all.tex # Capacitor discharge formula, solve for t
+#cat i01890.tex >> all.tex # Stefan-Boltzmann radiative heat transfer formula, solve for T
+#cat i01892.tex >> all.tex # resonant frequency formula for 2L+C circuit, solve for L_2
+#cat i01891.tex >> all.tex # resonant frequency formula for 2L+C circuit, solve for L_1
+#cat i01893.tex >> all.tex # resonant frequency formula for 2L+C circuit, solve for C
+#cat i01264.tex >> all.tex # Path loss formula, solve for D
+#cat i01265.tex >> all.tex # Path loss formula, solve for lambda
+#(END_Q005)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q006)
+## Comment: Circuit fault review question
+## Bloom's Level: Application
+echo "\noindent {\bf (6) Circuit Fault Review question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q006)
+#cat i03387.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i02827.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA loop diagram with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+cat i03365.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, motor drive, etc. 
+#cat i02825.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA loop diagram with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i01762.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i01794.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i02826.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA loop diagram with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i03386.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc. 
+#cat i01758.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, I/P, etc.
+#cat i03366.tex >> all.tex  # 4-20 mA pictorial loop circuit with PID controller, transmitter, motor drive, etc. 
+#(END_Q006)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q007)
+## Comment: Previous course review question (calculate voltages and currents within balanced three-phase AC electrical circuits)
+## Bloom's Level: Application
+echo "\noindent {\bf (7) INST230 Review question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q007)
+#cat i03668.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Delta load
+#cat i03666.tex >> all.tex # Delta source and Wye load
+cat i03663.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Delta load
+#cat i03662.tex >> all.tex # Delta source and Wye load
+#cat i02357.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Wye load
+#cat i02358.tex >> all.tex # Delta source and Delta load
+#cat i03063.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Delta load
+#cat i03368.tex >> all.tex # Delta source and Wye load
+#cat i03062.tex >> all.tex # Delta source and Wye load
+#cat i03369.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Delta load
+#cat i00252.tex >> all.tex # Wye source and Delta load
+#(END_Q007)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q008)
+## Comment: Previous course review question (determine suitability of different flow-measuring technologies for a given process fluid type)
+## Bloom's Level: Knowledge
+echo "\noindent {\bf (8) INST241 Review question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q008)
+#cat i01104.tex >> all.tex  # TransitTimeUltrasonic/Turbine/Magnetic -- wood pulp
+#cat i00704.tex >> all.tex  # Magnetic/Ultrasonic/Orifice -- ultrapure water
+cat i01038.tex >> all.tex  # Turbine/Magnetic/SutroWeir -- municipal wastewater with solids
+#cat i02995.tex >> all.tex  # Turbine/Magnetic/DopplerUltrasonic -- liquid slurry
+#cat i01101.tex >> all.tex  # Orifice/Weir/Thermal -- pure hydrogen gas to a rocket engine
+#cat i01281.tex >> all.tex  # TransitTimeUltrasonic/Magnetic/Thermal -- true mass flow for natural gas
+#cat i01103.tex >> all.tex  # Magnetic/Flume/Vortex -- superheated steam 
+#cat i02994.tex >> all.tex  # Turbine/Vortex/Magnetic -- high-flow pure oxygen gas
+#cat i00968.tex >> all.tex  # Vortex/PositiveDisplacement/Coriolis -- honey on hot versus cold days
+#cat i01009.tex >> all.tex  # Orifice/PositiveDisplacement/TransitTimeUltrasonic -- liquid slurry
+#cat i01100.tex >> all.tex  # Magnetic/Orifice/Coriolis -- widely varying liquid density
+#cat i01282.tex >> all.tex  # Turbine/Coriolis/Vortex -- liquid asphalt (highly viscous)
+#cat i01102.tex >> all.tex  # Vortex/Coriolis/Thermal -- refinery fuel gas (varying chemical composition)
+#cat i00969.tex >> all.tex  # Coriolis/PositiveDisplacement/Flume -- water down a stream
+#(END_Q008)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q009)
+## Comment: Previous course review question (determine the effect of a component fault or condition change in a cascade-, ratio-, or feedforward-controlled process)
+## Bloom's Level: Knowledge
+echo "\noindent {\bf (9) INST263 Review question}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q009)
+#cat i00970.tex >> all.tex # cascade control on dryer ; blower stops
+#cat i01706.tex >> all.tex # ratio control on steam reformer ; methane flow transmitter fails low
+cat i02001.tex >> all.tex # 3-element boiler feedwater control ; steam demand increases
+#cat i00980.tex >> all.tex # ratio control on steam reformer ; steam flow transmitter fails high
+#cat i00469.tex >> all.tex # cascade control on dryer ; dryer temp transmitter fails high
+#cat i01707.tex >> all.tex # ratio control on steam reformer ; steam supply pressure falls
+#cat i03335.tex >> all.tex # cascade control on dryer ; steam temperature increases
+#(END_Q009)
+
+
+
+### BLOOM'S TAXONOMY (for reference when designing questions)
+## BTC testing standard is that 60% or more of exam questions
+## must be "Application" level or above (March 2010)!
+## Page references from "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives -- The Classification of Educational Goals; Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain" edited by Benjamin Bloom
+
+## KNOWLEDGE: "Recall of specific and isolable bits of information" (pg. 63)
+## e.g. Terminology and specific facts (pp. 64-65); conventions (pg. 69); trends and sequences (pp. 70-71); etc.
+
+## COMPREHENSION: ". . . we are using the term `comprehension' to include those objectives, behaviors, or responses which represent an understanding of the literal message contained in a communication" (pg. 89); "In comprehension the emphasis is on the grasp of the meaning and intent of the material" (pg. 144) 
+## Levels: Translation (pg. 89); interpretation (pg. 90); and extrapolation (pg. 90)
+## Translation examples: re-phrasing in own words; reading diagrams, graphs, and maps (pg. 92)
+## Interpretation examples: generalizing concepts; identifying major ideas (pg. 93)
+## Extrapolation examples: predicting future results based on trends; finding gaps in data (pp. 95-96)
+
+## APPLICATION: selecting an appropriate method of problem-solving when none is explicitly given.  "[situations involving application] must either be situations new to the student or situations containing new elements as compared to the situation in which the abstraction was learned." (pg. 125); "In application [the emphasis] is on remembering and bringing to bear upon given material the appropriate generalizations or principles" (pg. 144)
+## e.g. Applying laws of trigonometry to practical situations; predicting effect of a change on a biological system previously at equilibrium; applying principles of psychology to new social situations (pg. 124)
+
+## ANALYSIS: ". . . emphasizes the breakdown of the material into its constituent parts and the detection of the relationships of the parts and of the way they are organized" (pg. 144)
+## Levels: Elements (pg. 145); relationships (pg. 145), and organizational principles (pg. 145)
+## Element examples: Recognizing unstated assumptions; distinguishing facts from hypotheses; distinguishing conclusions from supporting statements (pg. 146)
+## Relationship examples: identifying essential facts or assumptions (from non-essential); detecting logical fallacies (pg. 147)
+## Organizational examples: recognizing point of view or bias; recognizing form or pattern in creative works (pg. 148)
+
+## SYNTHESIS: ". . . defined here as the putting together of elements and parts so as to form a whole" (pg. 162)
+
+## EVALUATION: ". . . the making of judgments about the value, for some purpose, of ideas, works, solutions, methods, materials, etc.  It involves the use of criteria as well as standards for appraising the extent to which particulars are accurate, effective, economical, or satisfying." (pg. 185)
+
+
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST251_x2_mastery.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+\centerline{\bf INST 251 (PID Control), Exam 2 -- MASTERY} \bigskip 
+ 
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+\underbar{NAME:}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+% No blank lines allowed between lines of an \halign structure!
+% I use comments (%) instead, so that TeX doesn't choke.
+
+\vbox{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\strut
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil \vrule \cr
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% First row
+\# & Question type & 1st attempt & 2nd attempt \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+1 & Electricity Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+2-3 & INST251-specific & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+4-5 & PID action and algebra & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+6 & Circuit Fault Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+7 & INST230 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+8 & INST241 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+9 & INST263 Review & &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% First row
+ -- -- & Fractional score / Percentage score & Score = \hskip 20pt / \hskip 20pt & Score = \hskip 30pt \%  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+} % End of \halign 
+} % End of \vbox
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\underbar{No credit will be given for mathematical answers unless your work is shown!}
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST251_x2_proportional.exam

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+
+# "Concatenating" all selected questions/answers/notes into a single TeX file.
+# This is where you specify the possible questions you want included in your exam,
+# in the order you want them to appear.
+
+# Note that an exam sequence file (*.exam) is written a bit differently than 
+# a worksheet sequence file (*.seq).  Here, you include a few TeX commands to
+# delineate sections of the exam (point value, question types, etc.) as well 
+# as comments suggesting how many questions to pick for each section, so the 
+# end-user may randomize exams by arbitrarily excluding certain questions.
+
+
+#(BEGIN_PREAMBLE)
+## Start with a fresh (empty) "all.tex" file
+echo " " > all.tex
+#(END_PREAMBLE)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q001)
+## Comment: Simple recall of facts related to course subject (e.g. thermocouple colors)
+## Bloom's Level: Knowledge
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 1 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q001)
+cat i01396.tex >> all.tex  # provide scenario leading to ``reset windup''
+#(END_Q001)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q002)
+## Comment: Simple recall of facts related to course subject (e.g. thermocouple colors)
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 2 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q002)
+#cat i02225.tex >> all.tex  # identify direct "integral" control action from a trend
+#cat i03083.tex >> all.tex  # identify direct "derivative" control action from a trend
+cat i02221.tex >> all.tex  # identify reverse "proportional" control action from a trend
+#(END_Q002)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q003)
+## Comment: Interpreting details in a diagram (loop, P&ID, electrical -- using symbols specific to course subject)
+## ...or... Basic conversion-type calculation (e.g. units conversion, numeration -- specific to course subject)
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 3 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q003)
+cat i01847.tex >> all.tex  # identifying P, I, D, adjustments in an electronic controller circuit
+#cat i04458.tex >> all.tex  # identifying P, I, D, adjustments in a pneumatic controller mechanism
+#(END_Q003)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q004)
+## Comment: Proper test equipment use (e.g. loop calibrator, HART communicator -- ideally reflects lab practice)
+## Bloom's Level: Comprehension
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 4 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q004)
+#cat i01747.tex >> all.tex  # use of loop calibrator to provide PV signal to controller
+cat i01903.tex >> all.tex  # use of loop calibrator to measure MV signal from controller
+#(END_Q004)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q005)
+## Comment: Algebra/Trigonometry question (e.g. manipulating an equation to solve for literals)
+## Bloom's Level: Application or higher
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 5 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q005)
+cat i01849.tex >> all.tex  # relative responses of different PID algorithms
+#cat i04457.tex >> all.tex  # relative responses of different PID algorithms
+#(END_Q005)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q006)
+## Comment: Process fault analysis problem (e.g. maple syrup process -- relevant to course subject)
+## Bloom's Level: Application or higher
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 6 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q006)
+cat i04459.tex >> all.tex  # split-ranged level control process reading too low 
+#cat i04460.tex >> all.tex  # split-ranged level control process reading too high
+#(END_Q006)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q007)
+## Comment: Pictorial circuit (sketching) problem relevant to course subject
+## Bloom's Level: Application or higher
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 7 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q007)
+#cat i03398.tex >> all.tex  # Qualitative PID controller output sketch
+cat i01850.tex >> all.tex  # Qualitative PID controller output sketch
+#(END_Q007)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q008)
+## Comment: Quantitative circuit problem (e.g. voltage divider calculation, electrical power calculation -- ideally related to course section)
+## Bloom's Level: Application or higher
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 8 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q008)
+cat i00809.tex >> all.tex  # controller current/voltage output given specified error and integral time
+#(END_Q008)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q009)
+## Comment: "MacGyver" question where students must come up with a creative solution (e.g. how to do a calibration without expensive equipment)
+## Bloom's Level: Synthesis
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 9 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q009)
+cat i00896.tex >> all.tex  # reversing the control action of a digital controller (pseudocode)
+#cat i01901.tex >> all.tex  # identifying control action of a digital controller (pseudocode)
+#(END_Q009)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q010)
+## Comment: Problem where students must critique a decision or design made by someone else, offering suggestion for improvement (e.g. safety-related, instrument installation)
+## Bloom's Level: Evaluation
+echo "\noindent {\bf Question 10 (10 points)}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q010)
+cat i01848.tex >> all.tex  # graphing P-only control (showing direction and relative magnitude of offset)  
+#cat i03397.tex >> all.tex  # graphing P-only control (showing direction and relative magnitude of offset)
+#(END_Q010)
+
+
+### BLOOM'S TAXONOMY (for reference when designing questions)
+## BTC testing standard is that 60% or more of exam questions
+## must be "Application" level or above (March 2010)!
+## Page references from "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives -- The Classification of Educational Goals; Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain" edited by Benjamin Bloom
+
+## KNOWLEDGE: "Recall of specific and isolable bits of information" (pg. 63)
+## e.g. Terminology and specific facts (pp. 64-65); conventions (pg. 69); trends and sequences (pp. 70-71); etc.
+
+## COMPREHENSION: ". . . we are using the term `comprehension' to include those objectives, behaviors, or responses which represent an understanding of the literal message contained in a communication" (pg. 89); "In comprehension the emphasis is on the grasp of the meaning and intent of the material" (pg. 144) 
+## Levels: Translation (pg. 89); interpretation (pg. 90); and extrapolation (pg. 90)
+## Translation examples: re-phrasing in own words; reading diagrams, graphs, and maps (pg. 92)
+## Interpretation examples: generalizing concepts; identifying major ideas (pg. 93)
+## Extrapolation examples: predicting future results based on trends; finding gaps in data (pp. 95-96)
+
+## APPLICATION: selecting an appropriate method of problem-solving when none is explicitly given.  "[situations involving application] must either be situations new to the student or situations containing new elements as compared to the situation in which the abstraction was learned." (pg. 125); "In application [the emphasis] is on remembering and bringing to bear upon given material the appropriate generalizations or principles" (pg. 144)
+## e.g. Applying laws of trigonometry to practical situations; predicting effect of a change on a biological system previously at equilibrium; applying principles of psychology to new social situations (pg. 124)
+
+## ANALYSIS: ". . . emphasizes the breakdown of the material into its constituent parts and the detection of the relationships of the parts and of the way they are organized" (pg. 144)
+## Levels: Elements (pg. 145); relationships (pg. 145), and organizational principles (pg. 145)
+## Element examples: Recognizing unstated assumptions; distinguishing facts from hypotheses; distinguishing conclusions from supporting statements (pg. 146)
+## Relationship examples: identifying essential facts or assumptions (from non-essential); detecting logical fallacies (pg. 147)
+## Organizational examples: recognizing point of view or bias; recognizing form or pattern in creative works (pg. 148)
+
+## SYNTHESIS: ". . . defined here as the putting together of elements and parts so as to form a whole" (pg. 162)
+
+## EVALUATION: ". . . the making of judgments about the value, for some purpose, of ideas, works, solutions, methods, materials, etc.  It involves the use of criteria as well as standards for appraising the extent to which particulars are accurate, effective, economical, or satisfying." (pg. 185)
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST251_x2_proportional.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+\centerline{\bf INST 251 (PID Control), Exam 2 -- PROPORTIONAL} \bigskip 
+ 
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+\underbar{NAME:}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\underbar{No credit will be given for mathematical answers unless your work is shown!}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST252_x1_mastery.exam

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+
+# "Concatenating" all selected questions/answers/notes into a single TeX file.
+# This is where you specify the possible questions you want included in your exam,
+# in the order you want them to appear.
+
+# Note that an exam sequence file (*.exam) is written a bit differently than 
+# a worksheet sequence file (*.seq).  Here, you include a few TeX commands to
+# delineate sections of the exam (point value, question types, etc.) as well 
+# as comments suggesting how many questions to pick for each section, so the 
+# end-user may randomize exams by arbitrarily excluding certain questions.
+
+
+#(BEGIN_PREAMBLE)
+## Start with a fresh (empty) "all.tex" file
+echo " " > all.tex
+#(END_PREAMBLE)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q001)
+## Comment: Circuit troubleshooting question
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 1}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q001)
+cat i00489.tex >> all.tex	
+#(END_Q001)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q002)
+## Comment: identfying P, I, and D responses from graphs
+echo "\vfil \eject" >> all.tex
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 2}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q002)
+#cat i01985.tex >> all.tex
+#cat i01986.tex >> all.tex
+cat i01987.tex >> all.tex
+#(END_Q002)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q003)
+## Comment: Stick-slip cycling
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 3}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q003)
+cat i01988.tex >> all.tex
+#(END_Q003)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q004)
+## Comment: Identifying where integral or derivative control actions work well
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 4}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q004)
+cat i01989.tex >> all.tex
+#cat i01991.tex >> all.tex
+#(END_Q004)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q005)
+## Comment: Identifying where integral or derivative control actions DO NOT work well
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 5}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q005)
+cat i01992.tex >> all.tex
+#cat i01990.tex >> all.tex
+#(END_Q005)
+
+
+#(BEGIN_Q006)
+## Comment: Calculate instrument calibration points given ranges
+echo "\noindent {\bf Mastery question 6}" >> all.tex
+echo "\vskip 5pt" >> all.tex
+#(ECHO-CAT_BREAK_Q006)
+cat i01993.tex >> all.tex
+#(END_Q006)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/INST252_x1_proportional.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+\centerline{\bf INST 252 (Loop tuning), Exam -- PROPORTIONAL} \bigskip 
+ 
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+\underbar{NAME:}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\underbar{No credit will be given for mathematical answers unless your work is shown!}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/binary.lps

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+%! PostScript set of library objects for XCircuit
+%  Version: 3.6
+%  Library name is: binary
+%  Author: Tony,,, <tony@darkstar.example.net>
+%
+
+% Depend binary::no_pushbutton generic::dot
+% Depend binary::no_input liec_dig::no_pushbutton
+% Depend binary::nc_pushbutton generic::dot
+% Depend binary::nc_input liec_dig::nc_pushbutton
+
+% XCircuitLib library objects
+/binary::bin_arrow {
+begingate
+241 1.000 32 0 16 16 16 -16 32 0 4 polygon
+1 1.000 16 0 -16 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_SR_latch {
+begingate
+(S) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -16 32 label
+(R) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -16 -64 label
+0 1.000 -48 96 -48 0 48 0 48 96 4 polygon
+0 1.000 -48 0 -48 -96 48 -96 48 0 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_SR_Sdom {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -48 96 -48 0 48 0 48 96 4 polygon
+0 1.000 -48 0 -48 -96 48 -96 48 0 4 polygon
+(0) {ss} (S) {/Helvetica cf} 4 16 0 1.000 -16 32 label
+(R) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -16 -64 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_SR_Rdom {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -48 96 -48 0 48 0 48 96 4 polygon
+0 1.000 -48 0 -48 -96 48 -96 48 0 4 polygon
+(S) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -16 32 label
+(0) {ss} (R) {/Helvetica cf} 4 16 0 1.000 -16 -64 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_or {
+begingate
+1 1.000 0 0 64 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+(OR) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -32 -16 label
+1 1.000 -64 128 -64 -128 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_and {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -64 64 -64 -64 64 -64 64 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 128 -64 -128 2 polygon
+(AND) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -40 -16 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_not {
+begingate
+(NOT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -32 64 label
+1 1.000 -64 -80 64 48 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 48 64 -80 2 polygon
+0 1.000 -64 48 -64 -80 64 -80 64 48 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/generic::dot {
+% trivial
+begingate
+248 1.000 0 0 6 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(x) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 0 1.000 0 0 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::no_pushbutton {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -32 0 32 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 32 0 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 -16 -16 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -16 -16 generic::dot
+1 1.000 16 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 16 -16 generic::dot
+endgate
+} def
+
+/liec_dig::no_pushbutton {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -32 0 32 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 32 0 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 -16 -16 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -16 -16 generic::dot
+1 1.000 16 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 16 -16 generic::dot
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::no_input {
+begingate
+1.000 0 -160 8 liec_dig::no_pushbutton
+1 1.000 -224 56 224 56 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -224 -56 224 -56 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -272 56 -272 -56 -224 -56 -224 56 spline
+1 1.000 272 56 272 -56 224 -56 224 56 spline
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::nc_pushbutton {
+begingate
+1 1.000 16 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 16 -16 generic::dot
+1 1.000 -32 -24 32 -24 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -24 0 24 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 -16 -16 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -16 -16 generic::dot
+endgate
+} def
+
+/liec_dig::nc_pushbutton {
+begingate
+1 1.000 16 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 16 -16 generic::dot
+1 1.000 -32 -24 32 -24 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -24 0 24 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -64 -16 -16 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -16 -16 generic::dot
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::nc_input {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -224 56 224 56 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -224 -56 224 -56 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -272 56 -272 -56 -224 -56 -224 56 spline
+1 1.000 272 56 272 -56 224 -56 224 56 spline
+1.000 0 -160 8 liec_dig::nc_pushbutton
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::tag {
+begingate
+1 1.000 104 56 176 0 104 -56 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -184 56 -112 0 -184 -56 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -184 56 104 56 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -184 -56 104 -56 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_1shot {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -64 64 -64 -64 64 -64 64 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 -16 -16 -16 -16 32 16 32 16 -16 48 -16 6 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_off_delay {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -64 64 -64 -64 64 -64 64 64 4 polygon
+(t) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -48 -16 label
+(DT) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 0 -16 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_on_delay {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -64 64 -64 -64 64 -64 64 64 4 polygon
+(t) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -48 -16 label
+(GT) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 0 -16 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+/binary::bin_pulse_duration {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -64 64 -64 -64 64 -64 64 64 4 polygon
+(t) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -48 -16 label
+(LT) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 0 -16 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+% EndLib

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/distance.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+% Copyright 2006, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+%(BEGIN_FRONTMATTER)
+
+\centerline{\bf Distance delivery methods}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+
+Sometimes the demands of life prevent students from attending college 6 hours per day.  In such cases, there exist alternatives to the normal 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM class/lab schedule, allowing students to complete coursework in non-traditional ways, at a ``distance'' from the college campus proper.
+
+For such ``distance'' students, the same worksheets, lab activities, exams, and academic standards still apply.  Instead of working in small groups and in teams to complete theory and lab sections, though, students participating in an alternative fashion must do all the work themselves.  Participation via teleconferencing, video- or audio-recorded small-group sessions, and such is encouraged and supported.
+
+There is no recording of hours attended or tardiness for students participating in this manner.  The pace of the course is likewise determined by the ``distance'' student.  Experience has shown that it is a benefit for ``distance'' students to maintain the same pace as their on-campus classmates whenever possible.
+
+In lieu of small-group activities and class discussions, comprehension of the theory portion of each course will be ensured by completing and submitting detailed answers for {\it all} worksheet questions, not just passing daily quizzes as is the standard for conventional students.  The instructor will discuss any incomplete and/or incorrect worksheet answers with the student, and ask that those questions be re-answered by the student to correct any misunderstandings before moving on.
+
+Labwork is perhaps the most difficult portion of the curriculum for a ``distance'' student to complete, since the equipment used in Instrumentation is typically too large and expensive to leave the school lab facility.  ``Distance'' students must find a way to complete the required lab activities, either by arranging time in the school lab facility and/or completing activities on equivalent equipment outside of school (e.g. at their place of employment, if applicable).  Labwork completed outside of school must be validated by a supervisor and/or documented via photograph or videorecording.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Conventional students may opt to switch to ``distance'' mode at any time.  This has proven to be a benefit to students whose lives are disrupted by catastrophic events.  Likewise, ``distance'' students may switch back to conventional mode if and when their schedules permit.  Although the existence of alternative modes of student participation is a great benefit for students with challenging schedules, it requires a greater investment of time and a greater level of self-discipline than the traditional mode where the student attends school for 6 hours every day.  No student should consider the ``distance'' mode of learning a way to have more free time to themselves, because they will actually spend more time engaged in the coursework than if they attend school on a regular schedule.  It exists merely for the sake of those who cannot attend during regular school hours, as an alternative to course withdrawal.
+
+
+\vfil
+
+\underbar{file {\tt distance}}
+\eject
+%(END_FRONTMATTER)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/euro.lps

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+%! PostScript set of library objects for XCircuit
+%  Version: 3.6
+%  Library name is: euro
+%  Author: Tony,,, <tony@darkstar.example.net>
+%
+
+% Depend euro::resistor_euro euro::resistor2
+% Depend euro::scr_euro euro::diode_euro
+
+% XCircuitLib library objects
+/euro::cap1_euro {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -12 32 -12 -32 -4 -32 -4 32 4 polygon
+240 1.000 4 32 4 -32 12 -32 12 32 4 polygon
+1 1.000 8 0 48 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 0 -8 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::cap2_euro {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -12 32 -12 -32 -4 -32 -4 32 4 polygon
+0 1.000 4 32 4 -32 12 -32 12 32 4 polygon
+1 1.000 12 0 48 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 0 -8 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::resistor2 {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -64 0 -48 0 2 polygon
+0 1.000 -48 16 -48 -16 48 -16 48 16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 48 0 64 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::resistor_euro {
+begingate
+1.000 360 0 0 euro::resistor2
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::pot_euro {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -48 0 -48 -32 48 -32 48 0 4 polygon
+1 1.000 48 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 -16 -64 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -32 16 -16 0 0 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 0 -16 48 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::trans1_euro {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -32 64 -32 -64 -16 -64 -16 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 64 -80 64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 -64 -80 -64 2 polygon
+240 1.000 48 64 48 -64 32 -64 32 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 32 64 96 64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 32 -64 96 -64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 64 0 -64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 16 64 16 -64 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::trans2_euro {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -32 64 -32 -64 -16 -64 -16 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 64 -80 64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 -64 -80 -64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 96 -112 32 -112 2 polygon
+1 1.000 96 112 32 112 2 polygon
+240 1.000 32 112 32 -112 48 -112 48 112 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 96 0 -96 2 polygon
+1 1.000 16 96 16 -96 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::cell_euro {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -32 16 32 16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 16 0 48 2 polygon
+240 1.000 -16 0 -16 -8 16 -8 16 0 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -8 0 -32 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::battery_euro {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -32 32 32 32 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 32 0 64 2 polygon
+240 1.000 -16 16 -16 8 16 8 16 16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -32 -8 32 -8 2 polygon
+240 1.000 -16 -24 -16 -32 16 -32 16 -24 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -32 0 -64 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::ind_euro {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -8 48 -8 -32 8 -32 8 48 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -32 0 -48 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 64 0 48 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::cappttr {
+begingate
+240 1.000 -16 8 -16 0 32 0 32 8 4 polygon
+1 1.000 8 8 8 48 2 polygon
+240 1.000 -16 -16 -16 -8 32 -8 32 -16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 8 -16 8 -56 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::diode_euro {
+begingate
+1 1.000 0 48 0 -48 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 16 -16 -16 16 -16 0 16 4 polygon
+240 1.000 -16 20 -16 16 16 16 16 20 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::scr_euro {
+begingate
+-1.000 180 0 0 euro::diode_euro
+1 1.000 -8 -20 -16 -32 -32 -32 3 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -4 32 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::triac_euro {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -32 16 -16 -16 0 16 -32 16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -16 16 16 32 -16 0 -16 4 polygon
+240 1.000 -32 -16 -32 -20 32 -20 32 -16 4 polygon
+240 1.000 -32 20 -32 16 32 16 32 20 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 20 0 48 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -48 0 -20 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 -20 -24 -32 -48 -32 3 polygon
+1 1.000 0 0 44 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/euro::ground2 {
+begingate
+1 1.000 0 32 0 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -32 -24 0 24 0 0 -32 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+% EndLib

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00123x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00112x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 22 10:04:29 2009
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 473 129
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Bold 
+%%+ font Helvetica-Oblique 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%Page: lab25001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 904 512 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.5000 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+(CALIBRATED) {/Helvetica-Bold cf} 2 16 0 1.00 616 560 label
+(By: ) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 536 496 label
+(Date:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 728 496 label
+(Range:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 536 416 label
+1 1.00 600 496 712 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 840 496 952 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 664 416 952 416 2 polygon
+0 1.00 520 608 520 384 968 384 968 608 4 polygon
+(CALIBRATED) {/Helvetica-Bold cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1128 560 label
+(By: ) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1048 496 label
+(Date:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1240 496 label
+(Range:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1048 416 label
+1 1.00 1112 496 1224 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1352 496 1464 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1176 416 1464 416 2 polygon
+0 1.00 1032 608 1032 384 1480 384 1480 608 4 polygon
+(CALIBRATED) {/Helvetica-Bold cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1640 560 label
+(By: ) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1560 496 label
+(Date:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1752 496 label
+(Range:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1560 416 label
+1 1.00 1624 496 1736 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1864 496 1976 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1688 416 1976 416 2 polygon
+0 1.00 1544 608 1544 384 1992 384 1992 608 4 polygon
+(CALIBRATED) {/Helvetica-Bold cf} 2 16 0 1.00 2152 560 label
+(By: ) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 2072 496 label
+(Date:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 2264 496 label
+(Range:) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 2072 416 label
+1 1.00 2136 496 2248 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 2376 496 2488 496 2 polygon
+1 1.00 2200 416 2488 416 2 polygon
+0 1.00 2056 608 2056 384 2504 384 2504 608 4 polygon
+
+(Cut out tag\(s\) with scissors, then affix to instrument\(s\) using transparent tape to show calibration:) 
+{/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.00 632 640 label
+1 1.00 392 630 400 626 400 616 384 624 spline
+1 1.00 392 610 384 614 384 624 400 616 spline
+1 1.00 392 586 400 590 400 600 384 592 spline
+1 1.00 392 606 384 602 384 592 400 600 spline
+241 1.00 448 592 440 592 408 606 398 614 400 616 448 592 6 polygon
+241 1.00 448 622 440 622 408 608 398 600 400 598 448 622 6 polygon
+3 1.00 432 608 512 608 2 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00196x03.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00196x03.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 16 16:47:55 2006
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 389 334
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Bold font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gauge {
+begingate
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+sce
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 10 42 8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 19 38 15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 27 31 21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 33 23 25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 36 13 27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 37 4 27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 35 -5 26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 31 -13 23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 25 -20 19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 17 -25 13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 8 -28 7 -19 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -10 42 -8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -19 38 -15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -27 31 -21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -33 23 -25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -36 13 -27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -37 4 -27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -35 -5 -26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -31 -13 -23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -25 -20 -19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -17 -25 -13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -28 -7 -19 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 8 dot
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 -8 -40 5 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gnd {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 0 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -32 32 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -18 -46 18 -46 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -4 -60 4 -60 2 polygon
+0.933 0.604 0.000 scb
+(GND) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 0 pinglobal
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrowhead90 {
+begingate
+1.00 270 -16 0 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+/mosfet_n4 {
+begingate
+1 1.00 -88 -32 -24 -32 -24 32 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 40 -8 24 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 8 -8 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -24 -8 -40 2 polygon
+1.00 0 8 0 arrowhead90
+1 1.00 -8 32 40 32 40 80 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -32 40 -32 40 -80 3 polygon
+1 1.00 16 0 88 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/mosfet_p4 {
+begingate
+1 1.00 -88 -32 -24 -32 -24 32 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 40 -8 24 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 8 -8 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -24 -8 -40 2 polygon
+-1.00 0 24 0 arrowhead90
+1 1.00 -8 32 40 32 40 80 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -32 40 -32 40 -80 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 0 88 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 5720x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 736 750 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1.00 180 384 1054 arrow
+(Compressed) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 280 1150 label
+(air supply) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 304 1110 label
+sce
+1.00 0 584 862 gauge
+1 1.00 512 798 528 798 528 790 544 790 4 polygon
+1 1.00 512 766 528 766 528 774 544 774 4 polygon
+1 1.00 544 790 576 790 576 806 3 polygon
+1 1.00 544 774 592 774 592 806 3 polygon
+(Output pressure) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 552 942 label
+1 1.00 1152 718 1152 782 2 polygon
+1.00 0 1152 750 dot
+1 1.00 1120 974 1184 974 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1152 974 1152 942 2 polygon
+(+V) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1120 990 label
+1 1.00 1152 750 1216 750 2 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 352 942 384 910 416 942 352 942 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 352 942 384 910 416 942 352 942 4 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 368 926 320 974 256 974 256 782 320 782 320 926 368 926 7 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 368 1054 368 1006 320 1006 3 polygon
+1 1.00 400 1054 400 1006 448 1006 3 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 448 974 400 926 448 926 448 798 512 798 512 974 448 974 7 polygon
+sce
+1 3.00 384 622 384 910 2 polygon
+1 1.00 448 974 400 926 448 926 448 798 512 798 512 974 448 974 7 polygon
+1 1.00 320 470 448 470 2 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+240 1.00 256 590 256 430 272 430 272 590 4 polygon
+240 1.00 256 430 256 414 368 414 368 430 4 polygon
+240 1.00 400 430 400 414 512 414 512 430 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 368 414 368 366 2 polygon
+1 1.00 400 414 400 366 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+-1.00 180 384 342 arrow
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+240 1.00 496 510 496 430 512 430 512 510 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 400 430 400 414 512 414 512 510 496 510 496 430 400 430 7 polygon
+1 1.00 1120 862 64 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 1120 638 64 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 0 992 750 dot
+1 1.00 992 750 928 750 2 polygon
+(in) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 864 734 label
+1 1.00 1024 894 992 894 992 606 1024 606 4 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+240 1.00 256 782 256 590 320 590 320 782 4 polygon
+240 1.00 448 766 448 542 512 542 512 766 4 polygon
+241 1.00 352 630 384 598 416 630 352 630 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 352 630 384 598 416 630 352 630 4 polygon
+0.600 0.600 0.600 scb
+241 1.00 336 630 368 598 368 470 352 470 352 582 336 614 336 630 7 polygon
+241 1.00 400 598 432 630 432 614 416 582 416 534 400 534 400 598 7 polygon
+240 1.00 400 502 400 470 416 470 416 502 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 352 470 352 582 336 614 336 630 368 598 368 470 352 470 7 polygon
+0 1.00 400 502 400 470 416 470 416 502 4 polygon
+1 1.00 400 534 416 534 416 582 432 614 432 630 400 598 400 534 7 polygon
+1 1.00 320 1006 320 974 2 polygon
+1 1.00 448 1006 448 974 2 polygon
+1 1.00 368 926 320 974 256 974 256 414 368 414 368 430 272 430 272 590 320 590 
+320 926 368 926 11 polygon
+0 1.00 448 766 448 542 512 542 512 766 4 polygon
+1 1.00 472 462 480 494 496 486 448 470 spline
+1 1.00 296 462 288 494 272 486 320 470 spline
+1 2.00 584 870 560 838 2 polygon
+(ON) {/Helvetica-Bold cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1184 662 label
+(OFF) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1184 886 label
+( = 0) {ns} (out) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 6 16 0 1.00 1232 734 label
+1 1.00 352 1006 416 990 352 982 416 974 352 966 416 958 352 950 416 942 
+8 polygon
+(= 0 PSI) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 656 894 label
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1.00 90 520 526 arrow
+(vent) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 568 518 label
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(Input \(vacuum\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 262 label
+sce
+1 1.00 336 574 336 590 352 574 320 590 spline
+1 1.00 432 574 432 590 416 574 448 590 spline
+1.00 0 1232 846 gnd
+-1.00 180 1112 862 mosfet_n4
+1.00 0 1112 638 mosfet_p4
+1 1.00 1200 862 1232 862 1232 846 3 polygon
+1.00 0 1232 622 gnd
+1 1.00 1200 638 1232 638 1232 622 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1120 526 1184 526 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1152 526 1152 558 2 polygon
+(-V) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1120 486 label
+(\(< Gnd\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 824 686 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00308x03.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00308x03.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sat Sep 16 11:35:55 2006
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 346 242
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gauge {
+begingate
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+sce
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 10 42 8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 19 38 15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 27 31 21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 33 23 25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 36 13 27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 37 4 27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 35 -5 26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 31 -13 23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 25 -20 19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 17 -25 13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 8 -28 7 -19 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -10 42 -8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -19 38 -15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -27 31 -21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -33 23 -25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -36 13 -27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -37 4 -27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -35 -5 -26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -31 -13 -23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -25 -20 -19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -17 -25 -13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -28 -7 -19 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 8 dot
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 -8 -40 5 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 5100x053.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 624 528 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+(Overflow) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 656 label
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+240 1.00 688 848 688 816 1008 816 1008 848 4 polygon
+240 1.00 656 848 656 720 688 720 688 848 4 polygon
+3 1.00 672 720 672 672 2 polygon
+3 1.00 672 720 656 672 2 polygon
+3 1.00 672 720 640 672 2 polygon
+3 1.00 672 720 688 672 2 polygon
+3 1.00 672 720 704 672 2 polygon
+sce
+1 2.00 656 720 656 848 1008 848 3 polygon
+1 2.00 688 720 688 816 1008 816 3 polygon
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+1.00 270 1072 832 arrow
+sce
+1.00 90 880 304 gauge
+1 2.00 784 304 824 304 2 polygon
+(= ???) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1024 272 label
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+1 4.00 464 660 780 660 2 polygon
+1 2.00 444 660 436 652 424 636 464 660 spline
+sce
+1.00 0 464 656 arrowhead
+-1.00 180 464 304 arrowhead
+1 1.00 480 304 448 304 2 polygon
+1 1.00 464 640 464 528 2 polygon
+1 1.00 464 320 464 464 2 polygon
+(11 ft) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 400 480 label
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+(Flow) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1136 816 label
+sce
+(Pressure) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 976 320 label
+0.361 0.675 0.933 scb
+240 1.00 496 304 496 480 784 480 784 304 4 polygon
+sce
+(\(water\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 576 400 label
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+240 1.00 496 656 496 480 784 480 784 656 4 polygon
+sce
+(\(gasoline\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 560 544 label
+1 4.00 464 688 496 688 496 720 3 polygon
+1 4.00 464 656 496 656 496 304 784 304 784 720 5 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00348x04.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00348x04.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sat Feb 24 16:40:07 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 308 208
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gauge {
+begingate
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+sce
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 10 42 8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 19 38 15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 27 31 21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 33 23 25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 36 13 27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 37 4 27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 35 -5 26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 31 -13 23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 25 -20 19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 17 -25 13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 8 -28 7 -19 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 44 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -10 42 -8 34 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -19 38 -15 30 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -27 31 -21 25 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -33 23 -25 18 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -36 13 -27 11 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -37 4 -27 4 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -35 -5 -26 -2 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -31 -13 -23 -8 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -25 -20 -19 -13 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -17 -25 -13 -17 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -8 -28 -7 -19 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 8 dot
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 -8 -40 5 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 0 8 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 -8 -40 -8 -56 8 -56 8 -40 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/pump_centr {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 16 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 0 16 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.000 1.000 1.000 scb
+240 1.00 0 48 0 32 48 32 48 48 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 0 48 48 48 48 32 28 32 4 polygon
+1 1.00 -28 0 -44 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 28 0 44 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -44 -32 44 -32 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 6750x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 800 448 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1.00 0 592 672 gauge
+1 1.00 576 608 576 616 608 616 608 608 4 polygon
+1 2.00 592 680 608 720 2 polygon
+(absolute) {ss} (P) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 656 672 label
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 384 576 384 544 416 544 416 576 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 480 544 320 544 2 polygon
+0 1.00 384 576 384 544 416 544 416 576 4 polygon
+1 1.00 320 576 480 576 576 576 576 608 4 polygon
+1 3.00 384 560 256 560 2 polygon
+(Piston) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 352 592 label
+1.00 0 800 288 pump_centr
+1 2.00 800 304 704 304 2 polygon
+1 2.00 944 328 848 328 2 polygon
+1 2.00 936 336 944 328 936 320 3 polygon
+(Discharge) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 960 320 label
+(Pump) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 752 352 label
+1.000 0.647 0.000 scb
+240 1.00 480 400 480 288 704 288 704 400 4 polygon
+sce
+(Liquid) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 528 336 label
+1 1.00 480 544 480 288 704 288 704 544 608 544 608 608 6 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00367.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2006, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+A type ``T'' thermocouple is made of the dissimilar metals copper (Cu) and Constantan (C).  Copper is an element while Constantan is an alloy made up of copper and nickel.  Thermocouple ``tables'' published by instrument manufacturers commonly give measurement junction output voltages for different temperatures for an assumed reference junction temperature of 32$^{o}$ F, or 0$^{o}$ C, the freezing point of pure water.  Using such a table, determine the output voltages of a type ``T'' thermocouple constructed from 16 gauge solid wire at the following process temperatures:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i00367x01.eps}$$
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 350$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = ??? 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = $-$65$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = ??? 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 32$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = ??? 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 100$^{o}$ C; Voltmeter voltage = ??? 
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Also determine the standard color codes for type T thermocouple wire:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Positive conductor:
+\item{$\bullet$} Negative conductor:
+\item{$\bullet$} Thermocouple-grade jacket:
+\item{$\bullet$} Extension-grade jacket:
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 20pt \vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut \vrule{} {\bf Suggestions for Socratic discussion} \vrule} \hrule}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Explain the rationale of using an ice-water bath for the reference junction.  Also, explain why only one of the reference junction connections is immersed in that bath, while the other (Cu/Cu) is not.
+\item{$\bullet$} If the ice-water mixture were to completely melt and rise in temperature, what effect would this have on the measurement accuracy of the thermocouple circuit?  Would it result in a {\it zero} shift, a {\it span} shift, or a change in {\it linearity}?
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i00367}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+(From ITS-90 thermocouple table:)
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 350$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = 8.064 mV 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = $-$65$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = $-$1.950 mV 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 32$^{o}$ F; Voltmeter voltage = 0 mV 
+\item{$\bullet$} $T_{process}$ = 100$^{o}$ C; Voltmeter voltage = 4.279 mV 
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+
+Color codes:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Positive conductor: {\it Blue}
+\item{$\bullet$} Negative conductor: {\it Red}
+\item{$\bullet$} Thermocouple-grade jacket: {\it Brown}
+\item{$\bullet$} Extension-grade jacket: {\it Blue}
+\medskip
+
+The last temperature was a ``trick'' question!  You had to convert 100$^{o}$ C into degrees Fahrenheit (212$^{o}$ F), or else look up the answer in a Celsius-indexed table.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+The wire size (16 gauge) is extraneous information, included for the purpose of challenging students to identify whether or not information is relevant to solving a particular problem.
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+
+%INDEX% Measurement, temperature: thermocouple (type T)
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00415x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00415x02.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.6 rev164
+%%CreationDate: Fri Oct 29 03:40:40 2010
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 448 238
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica Times-Roman Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.3
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--7/13/05  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.3 0
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate
+	0 0 moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore} def     
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/::_resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.000 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.000 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.000 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.000 1.000 0.000 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.000 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.000 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/analog::resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.000 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.000 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.000 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.000 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.000 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/generic::dot {
+% trivial
+begingate
+248 1.000 0 0 6 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(x) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 0 1.000 0 0 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/generic::arrowhead {
+% nonetwork
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 
+1.000 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: 5250x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 992 496 translate
+
+1.000 0 192 48 ::_resistor
+1 1.000 192 48 50 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+(RTD) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 240 80 label
+1.000 270 64 112 analog::resistor
+1.000 270 64 -16 analog::resistor
+1 1.000 192 112 128 112 2 polygon
+1 1.000 192 -16 128 -16 2 polygon
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 2 ) {ns} (wire) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.000 
+-32 144 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 2 ) {ns} (wire) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.000 
+-32 -64 label
+1.000 360 192 240 analog::resistor
+1 1.000 192 112 192 176 2 polygon
+1.000 0 192 112 generic::dot
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 2 ) {ns} (wire) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.000 
+216 232 label
+1.000 0 192 -144 analog::resistor
+1 1.000 192 -16 192 -80 2 polygon
+1.000 0 192 -16 generic::dot
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 2 ) {ns} (wire) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.000 
+216 -152 label
+1 1.000 192 304 192 336 0 336 3 polygon
+1 1.000 192 -208 192 -240 0 -240 3 polygon
+1.000 0 -128 112 generic::dot
+1 1.000 -128 112 0 112 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -128 -16 generic::dot
+1 1.000 -128 -16 0 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -368 64 16 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 -368 48 16 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 -368 80 -368 336 0 336 3 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -240 -368 -240 -368 32 3 polygon
+1.000 0 -400 80 generic::arrowhead
+1 1.000 -400 64 -400 32 2 polygon
+(0.2 mA) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -560 48 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (104.1 ) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.000 256 32 label
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.000 400 112 416 112 416 -16 400 -16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 416 48 432 48 2 polygon
+(20.82 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.750 448 32 label
+1 1.000 -160 112 -176 112 -176 -16 -160 -16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -176 48 -192 48 2 polygon
+(20.82 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 19 0 0.750 -192 64 label
+1 1.000 64 80 64 64 2 polygon
+1 1.000 64 16 64 32 2 polygon
+(0 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.750 -24 40 label
+1 1.000 176 192 160 192 160 288 176 288 4 polygon
+1 1.000 160 240 144 240 2 polygon
+1 1.000 16 96 16 80 112 80 112 96 4 polygon
+1 1.000 16 0 16 16 112 16 112 0 4 polygon
+(0.4 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.750 32 224 label
+1 1.000 176 -192 160 -192 160 -96 176 -96 4 polygon
+1 1.000 160 -144 144 -144 2 polygon
+(0.4 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.750 32 -160 label
+1 1.000 -560 112 -576 112 -576 0 -560 0 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -576 56 -592 56 2 polygon
+(21.62 mV) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.750 -736 48 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00479x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i00479x01.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.4 rev27
+%%CreationDate: Sat Mar  1 11:07:46 2008
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 319 263
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Oblique 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.3
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--7/13/05  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.3 0
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate
+	0 0 moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore} def     
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/pipe_elbow {
+begingate
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 -112 112 -112 -16 -80 -16 -80 112 4 polygon
+240 1.00 -16 -80 -16 -112 112 -112 112 -80 4 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 0 0 -48 0 -80 -80 0 spline
+241 1.00 16 96 96 16 96 -80 -80 96 spline
+241 1.00 -80 96 -80 0 16 0 -80 96 4 polygon
+241 1.00 96 -80 16 -80 16 0 96 -80 4 polygon
+240 1.00 0 0 0 -80 16 -80 16 0 4 polygon
+241 1.00 -48 0 0 -48 0 0 -48 0 4 polygon
+241 1.00 -72 0 -32 -16 -48 0 -72 0 4 polygon
+241 1.00 0 -72 -16 -32 0 -48 0 -72 4 polygon
+241 1.00 -52 -8 -28 -24 -8 -52 -20 -20 -52 -8 5 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 -8 -4 -48 2 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 16 96 96 16 96 -80 -80 96 spline
+1 1.00 -48 0 0 -48 0 -80 -80 0 spline
+0 1.00 -112 112 -112 -16 -80 -16 -80 112 4 polygon
+0 1.00 -16 -80 -16 -112 112 -112 112 -80 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dp_cell {
+begingate
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 -48 -8 -16 -8 -16 -24 -48 -24 spline
+241 1.00 -48 -120 -16 -120 -16 -104 -48 -104 spline
+0.800 0.800 0.800 scb
+240 1.00 0 -24 0 8 16 8 16 -24 4 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+241 1.00 8 64 56 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 -48 -24 -48 -104 -16 -104 -16 -24 4 polygon
+sce
+241 1.00 -32 -64 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 32 -8 64 -8 64 -24 32 -24 spline
+241 1.00 32 -120 64 -120 64 -104 32 -104 spline
+240 1.00 32 -24 32 -104 64 -104 64 -24 4 polygon
+sce
+241 1.00 48 -64 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+0.800 0.800 0.800 scb
+240 1.00 -16 -24 -16 -104 32 -104 32 -24 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 -48 -104 -48 -24 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -16 -24 -16 -104 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 -8 -16 -8 -16 -24 -48 -24 spline
+1 1.00 -48 -120 -16 -120 -16 -104 -48 -104 spline
+1 1.00 32 -120 64 -120 64 -104 32 -104 spline
+1 1.00 32 -8 64 -8 64 -24 32 -24 spline
+1 1.00 32 -24 32 -104 2 polygon
+1 1.00 64 -24 64 -104 2 polygon
+0 1.00 -16 -24 -16 -104 32 -104 32 -24 4 polygon
+(H) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.50 -40 -40 label
+(L) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.50 40 -40 label
+0 1.00 0 8 0 -24 16 -24 16 8 4 polygon
+1 1.00 8 64 56 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/stud {
+begingate
+0.400 0.400 0.400 scb
+496 1.00 0 4 0 -4 16 -4 16 4 4 polygon
+496 1.00 8 8 8 -8 16 -8 16 8 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.00 8 8 8 -8 16 -8 16 8 4 polygon
+1 1.00 8 4 0 4 0 -4 8 -4 4 polygon
+1 0.50 3 1 3 -1 2 polygon
+1 0.50 5 1 5 -1 2 polygon
+1 0.75 9 5 15 5 2 polygon
+1 0.75 9 -5 15 -5 2 polygon
+1 0.75 8 0 16 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: 6700x013.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 672 800 translate
+
+-1.00 0 -144 -48 pipe_elbow
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 -256 -160 -256 -192 -128 -192 -128 -160 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.00 -256 -160 -256 -192 -128 -192 -128 -160 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 -240 -192 -240 -528 -144 -528 -144 -192 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 -240 -528 -240 -192 -144 -192 -144 -528 4 polygon
+1 1.00 -240 -528 -216 -528 -200 -512 -176 -544 -160 -528 -144 -528 6 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 -32 64 -32 -64 0 -64 0 64 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.00 -32 64 -32 -64 0 -64 0 64 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 0 48 0 -48 432 -48 432 48 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 432 48 0 48 0 -48 432 -48 4 polygon
+1 1.00 432 48 432 24 448 8 416 -16 432 -32 432 -48 6 polygon
+1 4.00 -114 -78 -106 -86 2 polygon
+1 4.00 -200 2 -192 -6 2 polygon
+1.00 0 -336 -208 dp_cell
+1 2.00 -288 -272 -80 -272 -80 -112 -112 -80 4 polygon
+1 2.00 -368 -272 -416 -272 -416 32 -224 32 -194 -4 5 polygon
+(Pipe elbow) {/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -272 96 label
+1.00 0 -80 48 stud
+1.00 0 -80 16 stud
+1.00 0 -80 -16 stud
+1.00 0 -80 -48 stud
+-1.00 0 16 -48 stud
+-1.00 0 16 -16 stud
+-1.00 0 16 16 stud
+-1.00 0 16 48 stud
+-1.00 90 -240 -208 stud
+-1.00 90 -208 -208 stud
+-1.00 90 -176 -208 stud
+-1.00 90 -144 -208 stud
+1.00 90 -144 -112 stud
+1.00 90 -176 -112 stud
+1.00 90 -208 -112 stud
+1.00 90 -240 -112 stud
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i00968.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2012, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Determine whether the following flowmeter technologies would be practical for liquid honey where the temperature of that honey changes substantially from day to day.  Assume that all other properties of the honey are favorable to these different flowmeter types:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Vortex flowmeter ({\it Yes} or {\it No})?
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Positive displacement flowmeter ({\it Yes} or {\it No})?
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Coriolis flowmeter ({\it Yes} or {\it No})?
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i00968}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Vortex flowmeter {\bf No}
+\item{$\bullet$} Positive displacement flowmeter {\bf Yes}
+\item{$\bullet$} Coriolis flowmeter {\bf Yes}
+\medskip
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+{\bf This question is intended for exams only and not worksheets!}.
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01067.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2014, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Determine the input frequency necessary to give the output voltage a phase shift of 25$^{o}$:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01067x01.eps}$$
+
+Also, write an equation that solves for frequency ($f$), given all the other variables ($R$, $C$, and phase angle $\theta$).
+
+\underbar{file i01067}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+$f$ = 2.143 kHz
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+$$f = {1 \over {2 \pi R C \tan \theta}}$$
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+Discuss with your students what a good procedure might be for calculating the unknown values in this problem, and also how they might check their work.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Students often have difficulty formulating a method of solution: determining what steps to take to get from the given conditions to a final answer.  While it is helpful at first for you (the instructor) to show them, it is bad for you to show them too often, lest they stop thinking for themselves and merely follow your lead.  A teaching technique I have found very helpful is to have students come up to the board (alone or in teams) in front of class to write their problem-solving strategies for all the others to see.  They don't have to actually do the math, but rather outline the steps they would take, in the order they would take them.
+
+By having students \underbar{outline their problem-solving strategies}, everyone gets an opportunity to see multiple methods of solution, and you (the instructor) get to see how (and if!) your students are thinking.  An especially good point to emphasize in these ``open thinking'' activities is how to check your work to see if any mistakes were made.
+
+%INDEX% Electronics review: AC reactance and impedance
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01165.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2014, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Calculate the resistance between points {\bf A} and {\bf B} ($R_{AB}$) for the following resistor networks:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01165x01.eps}$$
+
+\underbar{file i01165}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 1:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 500 $\Omega$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 2:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 750 $\Omega$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 3:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 1.511 k$\Omega$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 4:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 940 $\Omega$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 5:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 880 $\Omega$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Figure 6:}
+
+$R_{AB}$ = 80.54 $\Omega$
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+Note that the circuit in figure 4 is a ``trick:'' two of the resistors contribute absolutely nothing to $R_{AB}$!  Be sure to discuss why this is with your students.
+
+Discuss with your students how they approached each of these problems, and let the entire class participate in the reasoning process.  The point of this question, like most of the questions in the Socratic Electronics project, is not merely to obtain the correct answers, but to stimulate understanding of {\it how} to solve problems such as these.
+
+%INDEX% Electronics review: series-parallel circuits
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01283.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2015, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Each of these statements is incorrect in some way.  Correct the misconceptions in each:
+
+\vskip 20pt {\narrower \noindent \baselineskip5pt
+
+``Thermal overloads protect against overcurrent conditions in case there is a short-circuit in the power conductors feeding a motor bucket.''
+
+\par} \vskip 100pt
+
+
+\vskip 20pt {\narrower \noindent \baselineskip5pt
+
+``Thermal overloads protect against motor overheating by sensing the temperature of the motor.  They operate on temperature, rather than on motor current like a circuit breaker.''
+
+\par} \vskip 100pt
+
+
+\vskip 20pt {\narrower \noindent \baselineskip5pt
+
+``When an overload heater senses an over-loaded condition, it opens up like a fuse to directly interrupt power to the motor.''
+
+\par} \vskip 50pt
+
+
+
+\vfil 
+
+\underbar{file i01283}
+\eject
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+This is a graded question -- no answers or hints given!
+ 
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+A short-circuit in the lines feeding a motor bucket would generate a fault current, but not through the overload heaters.  Instead, the fault current would stop short of the contactor, existing only line the lines feeding the bucket (L1, L2, and/or L3).  That sort of overcurrent condition would be detected and protected by fuses or a circuit breaker between the contactor and the power source.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Overload heaters do indeed operate on temperature, but this temperature rise is caused by line current through them, just like the motor's temperature rise is a function of its line current.  It is not as though the overloads directly sense motor temperature apart from line current.  There do exist protective relays which use RTD sensors buried in the motor windings to sense motor temperature, but this is far more sophisticated than the overload heaters found in a typical bucket.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Overload heaters are designed to warm up under overload conditions, not burn open like fuses.  This is a very common misconception: that overload heaters are supposed to work like fuses, burning open to interrupt the three-phase power to the motor.
+
+%INDEX% Final Control Elements, motor: overload heater
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01376.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2006, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Shown here is a distillation tower, used to separate a liquid mixture of substances into its constituent components.  The process of {\it distillation}, or {\it fractionation} as it is sometimes called, is very common in heavy process industries, most notably petrochemical processing:
+ 
+$$\epsfbox{i01376x01.eps}$$
+
+The light vapors extracted from the top of a distillation tower are recondensed into an ``accumulator'' vessel and re-introduced into the fractionation process as ``reflux.''  The heavy vapors condensing at the bottom of the tower are reboiled into vapor form again and re-introduced into the fractionation process as ``boil-up.''  It is necessary for reflux and boil-up to be re-introduced into the tower in order to purify the final products as much as possible.  The P\&ID shown here is devoid of any instrumentation for the sake of simplicity.
+
+\filbreak
+
+Here, a simple reflux control loop is shown, to control the amount of reflux introduced into the tower from the accumulator:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01376x02.eps}$$
+
+The tower operates at a controlled pressure of 75 PSI.  Reflux flows from the accumulator, through the valve, and into the tower by gravity alone.  The elevation difference between the accumulator's constant liquid level and the reflux control valve is 12 feet, and the reflux product is liquid pentane (specific gravity = 0.6262).  If a maximum reflux rate of 500 GPM is desired through this valve, what must its $C_v$ be?
+
+\vskip 20pt \vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut \vrule{} {\bf Suggestions for Socratic discussion} \vrule} \hrule}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify some practical purposes for distillation towers in industry.
+\item{$\bullet$} Which of the two heat exchangers {\it adds} heat to the tower?
+\item{$\bullet$} Which of the two heat exchangers {\it removes} heat from the tower?
+\item{$\bullet$} Suppose the liquid in the accumulator were something other than pentane (i.e. suppose the specific gravity was not equal to 0.6262).  How would this affect control valve sizing, assuming the same maximum flow rate of 500 GPM was desired?
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify the effect(s) of the LT failing with a high signal (100\% liquid level) in this control system.
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify the effect(s) of the LC being left unattended in manual mode in this control system.
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i01376}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+$C_v$ = 219.22
+ 
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+$$\Delta P = \left(12 \hbox{ ft pentane} \over 1 \right)  \left(12 \hbox{ in} \over 1 \hbox{ ft}\right)  \left(1 \hbox{ PSI} \over 27.68 \hbox{ "WC}\right)  \left(0.6262 \hbox{ "WC} \over 1 \hbox{ "pentane}\right) = 3.258 \hbox{ PSID}$$
+
+$$Q = C_v \sqrt{\Delta P \over G_f}$$
+
+$$C_v = {Q \over \sqrt{\Delta P \over G_f}}$$
+
+$$C_v = {500 \over \sqrt{3.258 \over 0.6262}} = 219.22$$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+
+Note that the valve's $\Delta$P is purely generated by the elevation head between the accumulator's level and the control valve.  The tower pressure of 75 PSI is of no concern to us in calculating this valve's capacity coefficient.
+
+Interestingly, the liquid's density is of no concern to us either in this particular case, since gravity is the only force motivating its flow through the valve.  A simple thought experiment confirms this: try doubling the specific gravity and see what happens.  If $G_f$ doubles, the differential pressure drop across the valve resulting from 12 feet of elevation head doubles along with it.  However, so does the density term of the control valve $C_v$ formula, which means the value of the fraction inside the radicand ($\Delta P \over G_f$) remains constant regardless of the liquid's density.
+
+%INDEX% Final Control Elements, valve: sizing
+%INDEX% Process: distillation (pentane)
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01438x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01438x02.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sat Dec 23 18:34:27 2006
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 355 206
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/diode {
+begingate
+248 1.00 -18 -16 0 16 18 -16 3 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -48 0 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 48 0 16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -18 16 18 16 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(d.m) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 48 pinlabel
+(d.p) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -48 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/jumper {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 10 -90.00 90.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 0 10 0 16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -10 0 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 16 pinlabel
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -16 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: i01436x01.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 800 488 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+(AC power) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 280 480 label
+(source) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 312 440 label
+-1.00 180 736 376 diode
+1.00 180 896 376 diode
+1.00 0 896 296 dot
+1 1.00 736 296 896 296 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 328 736 296 2 polygon
+-1.00 180 736 600 diode
+1.00 180 896 600 diode
+-1.00 180 896 680 dot
+1 1.00 736 680 896 680 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 648 736 680 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 648 896 680 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 552 736 424 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 552 896 424 2 polygon
+1.00 0 736 536 dot
+1 1.00 736 536 512 536 2 polygon
+1.00 0 512 536 dot
+1.00 0 512 440 dot
+1 1.00 512 440 720 440 2 polygon
+-1.00 90 736 440 jumper
+1 1.00 912 440 1056 440 2 polygon
+1.00 0 1056 440 dot
+(DC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1152 504 label
+(motor) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1136 464 label
+1 1.00 1184 488 64 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 180 1056 600 diode
+1 1.00 1056 648 1056 680 2 polygon
+1.00 0 1056 680 dot
+1.00 180 1056 376 diode
+1.00 0 1056 296 dot
+1 1.00 1056 552 1056 424 2 polygon
+-1.00 90 896 440 jumper
+1 1.00 880 440 752 440 2 polygon
+1.00 0 512 488 dot
+1 1.00 512 488 720 488 2 polygon
+1 1.00 752 488 896 488 2 polygon
+1.00 0 896 488 dot
+-1.00 90 736 488 jumper
+(Three-phase) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 520 label
+1 1.00 728 360 712 344 688 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 888 360 872 344 848 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1048 360 1032 344 1008 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1048 584 1032 568 1008 568 3 polygon
+1 1.00 888 584 872 568 848 568 3 polygon
+1 1.00 728 584 712 568 688 568 3 polygon
+1.00 0 840 296 jumper
+1.00 0 736 296 dot
+-1.00 180 1008 680 jumper
+1 1.00 1008 664 1008 568 2 polygon
+1.00 0 1056 536 dot
+1.00 0 1088 680 jumper
+1.00 0 928 680 jumper
+-1.00 180 848 680 jumper
+1 1.00 848 664 848 568 2 polygon
+1.00 0 768 680 jumper
+1 1.00 688 664 688 568 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 536 768 536 768 664 3 polygon
+1.00 0 896 536 dot
+1 1.00 896 536 928 536 928 664 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 536 1088 536 1088 664 3 polygon
+1 1.00 688 664 688 696 2 polygon
+1 1.00 680 280 680 344 688 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 840 312 840 344 848 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1000 312 1000 344 1008 344 3 polygon
+1.00 0 1000 296 jumper
+1 1.00 896 296 1184 296 1184 424 3 polygon
+1 1.00 896 680 1184 680 1184 552 3 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 688 720 688 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 680 712 696 712 2 polygon
+1 1.00 760 712 776 712 2 polygon
+1 1.00 680 272 680 256 2 polygon
+1 1.00 672 264 688 264 2 polygon
+1 1.00 728 264 744 264 2 polygon
+1 1.00 848 720 848 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 840 712 856 712 2 polygon
+1 1.00 920 712 936 712 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1008 720 1008 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1000 712 1016 712 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1080 712 1096 712 2 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 736 296 736 280 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 296 896 280 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 296 1056 280 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 328 896 296 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 328 1056 296 2 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 840 272 840 256 2 polygon
+1 1.00 832 264 848 264 2 polygon
+1 1.00 888 264 904 264 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1000 272 1000 256 2 polygon
+1 1.00 992 264 1008 264 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1048 264 1064 264 2 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01494x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01494x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sat Dec 30 10:56:13 2006
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 506 222
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/opamp {
+begingate
+0 1.00 -80 -80 -80 80 80 0 3 polygon
+(-) {/Symbol cf} 2 5 0 1.00 -61 50 label
+(+) {/Symbol cf} 2 5 0 1.00 -61 -46 label
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(in.m) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 7 0 1.00 -80 48 pinlabel
+(in.p) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 7 0 1.00 -80 -48 pinlabel
+(out) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 4 0 1.00 80 0 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/resistor2 {
+begingate
+1 1.00 -64 0 -48 0 2 polygon
+0 1.00 -48 16 -48 -16 48 -16 48 16 4 polygon
+1 1.00 48 0 64 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/resistor_euro {
+begingate
+1.00 360 0 0 resistor2
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/ground2 {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 32 0 0 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -32 -24 0 24 0 0 -32 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/pot_euro {
+begingate
+0 1.00 -48 0 -48 -32 48 -32 48 0 4 polygon
+1 1.00 48 -16 64 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 -16 -64 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 16 -16 0 0 16 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -16 0 -16 48 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/spdt_toggle {
+begingate
+1.00 0 16 16 dot
+1 1.00 16 16 16 32 64 32 3 polygon
+1.00 0 16 -16 dot
+1 1.00 16 -16 16 -32 64 -32 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -16 0 32 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -64 0 -16 0 2 polygon
+1.00 0 -16 0 dot
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dpdt_toggle {
+begingate
+1.00 0 0 48 spdt_toggle
+1 1.00 0 32 0 40 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 0 0 16 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 -32 spdt_toggle
+1 1.00 0 -32 0 -16 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/jumper {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 10 -90.00 90.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 0 10 0 16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -10 0 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 16 pinlabel
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -16 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 1 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 816 576 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1.00 0 768 576 opamp
+1.00 0 1232 576 opamp
+1.00 0 544 704 resistor_euro
+1 1.00 688 624 656 624 656 704 3 polygon
+1.00 0 656 704 dot
+1 1.00 608 704 656 704 2 polygon
+-1.00 0 768 704 resistor_euro
+1 1.00 704 704 656 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 832 704 912 704 912 576 848 576 4 polygon
+1.00 0 1008 704 resistor_euro
+1 1.00 1152 624 1120 624 1120 704 3 polygon
+1.00 0 1120 704 dot
+1 1.00 1072 704 1120 704 2 polygon
+-1.00 0 1232 704 resistor_euro
+1 1.00 1168 704 1120 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1296 704 1376 704 1376 576 1312 576 4 polygon
+1.00 0 912 704 dot
+1 1.00 912 704 944 704 2 polygon
+1.00 0 432 640 ground2
+1 1.00 432 672 432 704 480 704 3 polygon
+-1.00 180 1520 688 pot_euro
+1.00 0 496 368 dpdt_toggle
+(setpoint) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 256 416 label
+1 1.00 400 416 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 408 416 432 416 2 polygon
+1 1.00 400 336 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 408 336 432 336 2 polygon
+(process) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 256 320 label
+1 1.00 560 448 656 448 656 528 688 528 4 polygon
+1 1.00 560 368 1120 368 1120 528 1152 528 4 polygon
+1.00 0 656 368 jumper
+1 1.00 560 384 560 368 2 polygon
+1.00 0 560 368 dot
+1.00 0 656 448 dot
+1 1.00 656 448 656 384 2 polygon
+1 1.00 656 352 656 304 560 304 3 polygon
+(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 528 736 label
+(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 752 736 label
+(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 992 736 label
+(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1216 736 label
+1.00 0 1616 560 opamp
+1 1.00 1536 608 1504 608 1504 688 3 polygon
+1.00 0 1376 704 dot
+1 1.00 1376 704 1456 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1584 704 1744 704 1744 560 1696 560 4 polygon
+1.00 90 1440 384 pot_euro
+1 1.00 1488 400 1504 400 1504 512 1536 512 4 polygon
+1.00 0 1424 288 ground2
+1 1.00 1392 496 1456 496 2 polygon
+(+V) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1392 512 label
+1 1.00 1424 496 1424 448 2 polygon
+(pot) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1488 752 label
+(pot) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1328 384 label
+1.00 0 1744 560 dot
+1 1.00 1744 560 1744 384 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1744 376 8 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(output) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1688 328 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01545.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2006, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Graph the response of an hypothetical {\it derivative-only} controller for the following input conditions.  Assume a control action that is {\it direct-acting}, and a derivative constant ($\tau_d$) of 2 minutes:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01545x01.eps}$$
+
+The time scale on the chart is minutes:seconds, and the algorithm for this controller is as follows:
+
+$$m = \tau_d {de \over dt} + b$$
+
+\noindent
+Where,
+
+$m$ = Controller output (manipulated variable)
+
+$e$ = Error signal (PV$-$SP)
+
+$\tau_d$ = Derivative time constant
+
+$b$ = Bias
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\underbar{file i01545}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01545x02.eps}$$
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+
+
+%INDEX% Control, derivative: graphing controller response
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01558.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2015, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+Your task is to build, document, and successfully operate a process controlled by a recording PID controller.  Several alternative process types exist and are documented in subsequent pages.  The working process you build will be used in future lab exercises this quarter to meet other learning objectives, which means you will {\it not} disassemble this project at the completion of these lab objectives as you normally would.
+
+The following table of objectives show what you and your team must complete within the scheduled time for this lab exercise.  Note how some of these objectives are individual, while others are for the team as a whole:
+
+\underbar{Objective completion table:}
+
+% No blank lines allowed between lines of an \halign structure!
+% I use comments (%) instead, so that TeX doesn't choke.
+
+$$\vbox{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\strut
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil & 
+\vrule \quad\hfil # \ \hfil \vrule \cr
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% First row
+{\bf Performance objective} & {\bf Grading} & {\bf 1} & {\bf 2} & {\bf 3} & {\bf 4} & {\bf Team} \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Choose process to build & mastery & -- & -- & -- & -- & \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Team meeting and prototype sketch & mastery & -- & -- & -- & -- & \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Circuit design challenge & mastery & & & & & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Final loop diagram and system inspection & mastery & & & & & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Process and Instrument Diagram (P\&ID) & mastery & & & & & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Trend graph displays PV and Output & mastery & -- & -- & -- & -- &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Process exhibits good control behavior & mastery & -- & -- & -- & -- &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+PV alarm(s) defined and enabled & mastery & -- & -- & -- & -- &  \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Lab question: Instrument connections & proportional &  &  &  &  & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Lab question: Commissioning & proportional &  &  &  &  & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Lab question: Mental math & proportional &  &  &  &  & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+%
+% Another row
+Lab question: Diagnostics & proportional &  &  &  &  & -- -- -- -- \cr
+%
+\noalign{\hrule}
+} % End of \halign 
+}$$ % End of \vbox
+
+The only ``proportional'' scoring in this activity are the lab questions, which are answered by each student individually.  A listing of potential lab questions are shown at the end of this worksheet question.  The lab questions are intended to guide your labwork as much as they are intended to measure your comprehension, and as such the instructor may ask these questions of your team day by day, rather than all at once (on a single day).
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf It is essential that your team plans ahead what to accomplish each day.  A short (10 minute) team meeting at the beginning of each lab session is a good way to do this, reviewing what's already been done, what's left to do, and what assessments you should be ready for.  There is a lot of work involved with building, documenting, and troubleshooting these working instrument systems!}
+
+As you and your team work on this system, you will invariably encounter problems.  You should always attempt to solve these problems as a team before requesting instructor assistance.  If you still require instructor assistance, write your team's color on the lab whiteboard with a brief description of what you need help on.  The instructor will meet with each team in order they appear on the whiteboard to address these problems.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x01.eps}$$
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- choosing a process to build}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+There are a number of process types to choose from when selecting the one you will build with your team.  The only non-negotiable limitations is that the process must be safe, legal, and possible to complete in the time allotted for this lab.  What follows are some examples:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x02.eps}$$
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x03.eps}$$
+
+\filbreak
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x04.eps}$$
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x05.eps}$$
+
+\filbreak
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x06.eps}$$
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x07.eps}$$
+
+\noindent
+Other process ideas include:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Soldering iron temperature control (blowing air over tip with variable-speed fan).
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Draft pressure control (controlling very low air pressure inside of a box). 
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Pneumatic piston height control (using lengths of PVC pipe to build a simple piston/cylinder which may be used to lift small weights using modest air pressures).  A good way to control air pressure to the piston is to route the I/P transducer's output to a {\it volume booster} relay and let the relay's output directly drive the piston.  Piston height may be sensed using a flexible water tube attached to the piston rod, running to a stationary pressure transmitter.
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Sterno-fired air heat exchanger. 
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Miniature steam boiler.  {\it Note: this is an advanced project!}
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Air/Fuel ratio burner control.  {\it Note: this is an advanced project!}
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Servomechanism position control.  {\it Note: this is an advanced project!}
+\vskip 10pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Inverted pendulum balance.  {\it Note: this is a \underbar{very} advanced project!}
+\medskip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- team meeting, prototype sketch, and instrument selection}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+An important first step in completing this lab exercise is to {\bf meet with your instructor} as a team to discuss safety concerns, team performance, and specific roles for team members.  If you would like to emphasize exposure to certain equipment (e.g. use a particular type of control system, certain power tools), techniques (e.g. fabrication), or tasks to improve your skill set, this is the time to make requests of your team so that your learning during this project will be maximized.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+An absolutely essential step in completing this lab exercise is to work together as a team to {\bf sketch a prototype diagram} showing what you intend to build.  This usually takes the form of a simple electrical schematic and/or loop diagram showing all electrical connections between components, as well as any tubing or piping for fluids.  This prototype sketch need not be exhaustive in detail, but it does need to show enough detail for the instructor to determine if all components will be correctly connected for their safe function.
+
+For example, if you intend to connect field devices to a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), your prototype sketch must show how those devices will connect to typical input/output terminals on the PLC, where electrical power will be supplied, etc.  Prototype sketches need not show all intermediary connections between components, such as terminal blocks in junction boxes between the field device and the controller.
+
+You should practice good problem-solving techniques when creating your prototype sketch, such as consulting equipment manuals for information on component functions and marking directions of electric current, voltage polarities, and identifying electrical sources/loads.  Use this task as an opportunity to strengthen your analytical skills!  Remember that you will be challenged in this program to do all of this on your own (during ``capstone'' assessments), so do not make the mistake of relying on your teammates to figure this out for you -- instead, treat this as a problem {\it you} must solve and compare your results with those of your teammates.
+
+Your team's prototype sketch is so important that the instructor will demand you provide this plan before any construction on your team's working system begins.  {\it Any team found constructing their system without a verified plan will be ordered to cease construction and not resume until a prototype plan has been drafted and approved!}  Similarly, you should not deviate from the prototype design without instructor approval, to ensure nothing will be done to harm equipment by way of incorrect connections.  Each member on the team should have ready access to this plan (ideally possessing their own copy of the plan) throughout the construction process.  Prototype design sketching is a skill and a habit you should cultivate in school and take with you in your new career.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+When selecting field instruments for this lab exercise, choose a {\it transmitter} suitable for measuring your process variable, and likely an {\it I/P converter} used to convert the controller's 4-20 mA output signal into an air pressure that a control valve may operate on.  Electronic process controllers are in several locations throughout the lab, ready to be used for controlling processes.  Your instructor will help you select appropriate instruments for the process you have chosen.
+
+You may also need a {\it data acquisition unit}, or {\it DAQ} to function as a trend recorder.  When used with a personal computer and connected properly to the loop circuit, a DAQ unit will provide graphical displays of loop variables over time.  Students usually find the connection of a DAQ unit to their loop controller to be the trickiest part of their loop wiring.  You will need to consult the manufacturer documentation on the DAQ unit as well as the field instruments and controller in order to figure out how to wire them together.  Even if your process controller already provides trending capability, you may find connection of a DAQ unit to your loop circuits a useful exercise because the ability to quickly connect and use DAQ hardware and software to monitor electrical parameters in a system is a valuable diagnostic skill in this career.
+
+You will find your teammates who have already taken the Measurement course series (INST24X) will be very helpful in showing you how to check, configure, calibrate, and install the measuring instrument(s) you will need for your process!
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf Planning a functioning system should take no more than an hour if the team is working efficiently, and will save you hours of frustration (and possible component destruction!).}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- circuit design challenge}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+Your instructor will choose one 4-20 mA field instrument and one control system from the lists shown below, for which you must sketch an accurate circuit diagram showing how the two instruments would connect to each other.  If this interconnection between controller and field instrument requires additional electrical components to function (e.g. DC or AC power source, precision 250 $\Omega$ resistor, diode, relay, etc.), those must be incorporated into your diagram as well.  Instruction manuals for all instrument listed are available on the electronic Instrumentation Reference for your convenience.  When your sketch is complete, you must show the relevant manual pages to your instructor for verification of correct connections.
+
+This exercise tests your ability to locate appropriate information in technical manuals and design a correct 4-20 mA analog signal circuit for a given pair of instruments.  The electronic Instrumentation Reference will be available to you in order to answer this question.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Since all 4-20 mA ``loops'' are basically series DC circuits, it is highly recommended that you approach their design the same as for any other DC circuit: carefully identify all {\it sources} and {\it loads} in the circuit, trace directions of all currents, and mark the polarities of all voltages.  Most of the mistakes made in this type of circuit design challenge may be remedied by careful consideration of these specific circuit-analysis details.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\vskip 10pt
+\filbreak
+\hbox{ \vrule
+\vbox{ \hrule \vskip 3pt
+\hbox{ \hskip 3pt
+\vbox{ \hsize=5in \raggedright
+
+\noindent \centerline{\bf 4-20 mA transmitter options}
+\item{$\bullet$} Pressure
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rosemount 1151 Alphaline (analog), 1151 HART, or 3051 HART
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Yokogawa DPharp EJX110A or EJX910 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Honeywell ST3000
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Level
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rosemount APEX non-contact radar, 3300 GWR, or 5300 GWR
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Temperature
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rosemount 444, 644, 3044, or 3144
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro RTT15 or RTT30
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Moore Industries SPT with sourcing (4-wire) 4-20 mA output
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Moore Industries SPT with sinking (2-wire) 4-20 mA output
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Moore Industries TRX or TDY
+%\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Honeywell STT173
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Flow
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro CFT50 coriolis
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Analytical
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rosemount 5081-P (pH)
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Daniel 700 gas chromatograph (4 analog output channels)
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro 876PH (pH/ORP/ISE)
+\medskip
+
+} \hskip 3pt}%
+\vskip 5pt \hrule}%
+\vrule}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\vskip 10pt
+\filbreak
+\hbox{ \vrule
+\vbox{ \hrule \vskip 3pt
+\hbox{ \hskip 3pt
+\vbox{ \hsize=5in \raggedright
+
+\noindent \centerline{\bf Controller options}
+\item{$\bullet$} Monolithic
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Siemens 352P 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Siemens 353
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro 716C
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro 718TC
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Foxboro 762CNA 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Moore Industries 535
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Honeywell UDC2300
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Honeywell UDC3500 
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Modular -- {\it you choose the appropriate I/O module}
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Siemens 353R 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Emerson ROC800 SCADA/RTU 
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Distributed Control System (DCS) -- {\it you choose the appropriate I/O module}
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Emerson DeltaV with M-series I/O
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Emerson DeltaV with S-series I/O 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Honeywell Experion with 2MLF series I/O 
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) -- {\it you choose the appropriate I/O module}
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Siemens S7-300 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rockwell ControlLogix (catalog number 1756)
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rockwell CompactLogix (catalog number 1769)
+\medskip
+
+} \hskip 3pt}%
+\vskip 5pt \hrule}%
+\vrule}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\vskip 10pt
+\filbreak
+\hbox{ \vrule
+\vbox{ \hrule \vskip 3pt
+\hbox{ \hskip 3pt
+\vbox{ \hsize=5in \raggedright
+
+\noindent \centerline{\bf 4-20 mA Final Control Element options}
+\item{$\bullet$} Pneumatic control valve positioners
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Fisher 3582i positioner 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Fisher DVC6000 positioner 
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} Electrically actuated valves (MOV)
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Limitorque actuator with Modutronic-20 II controller 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rotork AQ with Folomatic controller 
+\vskip 2pt
+\item{$\bullet$} AC motor drives (VFD)
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Rockwell PowerFlex 4 
+\itemitem{$\rightarrow$} Automation Direct GS1 
+\medskip
+
+} \hskip 3pt}%
+\vskip 5pt \hrule}%
+\vrule}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\vfil
+
+Study reference: the ``Analog Electronic Instrumentation'' chapter of {\it Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation}, particularly the section on HART.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Note: a very effective problem-solving strategy for determining how to connect different components together to create a working 4-20 mA current loop is to first identify whether each component acts as a {\it source} or a {\it load} in that loop circuit.  Then, label voltage polarities (+ , $-$) and directions of current accordingly.  Knowing which way current must flow through each component and which polarity each voltage must have is key to ensuring the inter-component connections are correct.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- building the system}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+The Instrumentation lab is set up to facilitate the construction of working instrument ``loops,'' with over a dozen junction boxes, pre-pulled signal cables, and ``racks'' set up with 2-inch vertical pipes for mounting instruments.  These racks also provide structure for building physical processes, with more than enough weight-bearing capacity to hold any process vessels and equipment.  The only wires you should need to install to build a working system are those connecting the field instrument to the nearest junction box, and then small ``jumper'' cables connecting different pre-installed cables together within intermediate junction boxes.
+
+After getting your prototype sketch approved by the instructor, you are cleared to begin building your system.  Instruments attach to 2-inch pipes using special brackets and U-bolts.  These brackets and U-bolts are located in the instrument storage area.  
+
+Select a specific loop controller for your system.  Your instructor may choose the controller for your team, to ensure you learn more than one type of controller during the course of a quarter.
+
+Finally, your process control system needs to have a loop number, so all instruments may be properly labeled.  This loop number needs to be unique, so that another team does not label their instruments and cables the same as yours.  One way to make your loop number unique is to use the equivalent resistor color-code value for your team's color in the loop number.  For example, if you are the ``Red'' team, your loop number could be ``2''. 
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf Common mistakes:}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Neglecting to consult the manufacturer's documentation for field instruments (e.g. how to wire them, how to calibrate them).
+\item{$\bullet$} Mounting the field instrument(s) in awkward positions, making it difficult to reach connection terminals or to remove covers when installed.
+\item{$\bullet$} Improper pipe/tube fitting installation (e.g. trying to thread tube fittings into pipe fittings and vice-versa).
+\item{$\bullet$} Failing to tug on each and every wire where it terminates to ensure a mechanically sound connection.
+\item{$\bullet$} Students working on portions of the system in isolation, not sharing with their teammates what they did and how.  It is important that the whole team learns all aspects of their system!
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf Building a functioning process complete with instrumentation for control typically takes one or two sessions (3 hours each) if all components are readily available and the team is working efficiently!}
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- documenting the system}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+Each student must sketch their own {\it loop diagram} and their own {\it P\&ID} for their team's system, following proper ISA conventions.  The P\&ID documents the flow of fluid and materials in your process plus the general control strategy.  The loop diagram documents all wiring and tube connections between instruments.  Although the two diagrams reinforce one another and might possibly be combined into one, the industry standard is to use two separate diagrams.
+
+Sample loop diagrams are shown in the next question in this worksheet.  These loop diagrams must be {\it comprehensive} and {\it detailed}, showing every wire connection, every cable, every terminal block, range points, etc.  The principle to keep in mind here is to make the loop diagram so complete and unambiguous that anyone can follow it to see what connects to what, even someone unfamiliar with industrial instrumentation.  In industry, loops are often constructed by contract personnel with limited understanding of how the system is supposed to function.  The loop diagrams they follow must be so complete that they will be able to connect everything properly without necessarily understanding how it is supposed to work.
+
+Every instrument and every signal cable in your loop needs to be properly labeled with an ISA-standard tag number.  An easy way to do this is to wrap a short piece of masking tape around each cable (and placed on each instrument) then writing on that masking tape with a permanent marker.  Although no industry standard exists for labeling signal cables, a good recommendation is to label each two-wire cable with the tag number of the field instrument it goes to.  Thus, every length of two-wire cable in a pressure transmitter circuit should be labeled ``PT-$x$'' (where ``$x$'' is the loop number), every flow control valve should be labeled ``FV-$x$'', etc.  Remember that the entire loop is defined by the process variable it measures: if the PV is {\it temperature} then the transmitter with be a {\it T}T, the control valve will be a {\it T}V, the controller with be a {\it T}C, etc.
+
+When your entire team is finished drafting your individual loop diagrams, call the instructor to do an inspection of the loop.  Here, the instructor will have students take turns going through the entire loop, with the other students checking their diagrams for errors and omissions along the way.  During this time the instructor will also inspect the quality of the installation, identifying problems such as frayed wires, improperly crimped terminals, poor cable routing, missing labels, lack of wire duct covers, etc.  The team must correct all identified errors in order to receive credit for their system.  
+
+After successfully passing the inspection, each team member needs to place their loop diagram in the diagram holder located in the middle of the lab behind the main control panel.  When it comes time to troubleshoot another team's system, this is where you will go to find a loop diagram for that system!
+
+The P\&ID's will be submitted to the instructor for inspection as well, but the process itself need not be inspected again.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf Common mistakes:}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Forgetting to label all signal wires (see example loop diagrams).
+\item{$\bullet$} Forgetting to label all field instruments with their own tag names (e.g. PT-83).
+\item{$\bullet$} Forgetting to note all wire colors.
+\item{$\bullet$} Forgetting to put your name on the loop diagram!
+\item{$\bullet$} Using non-standard tags for instruments rather than ISA 5.1 standard notation.
+\item{$\bullet$} Basing your diagram off of a team-mate's diagram, rather than closely inspecting the system for yourself.
+\item{$\bullet$} Not placing loop sheet instruments in the correct orientation (field instruments on the left, control room instruments on the right).
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+{\bf Creating and inspecting accurate loop diagrams should take no more than one full lab session (3 hours) if the team is working efficiently!  Creating and inspecting accurate P\&IDs will take more time, but not an entire lab session (3 hours).}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab Exercise -- operating the system}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+All networked loop controllers in the lab (DCS, DDC, PLC, single-loop networked) provide graphing functionality so that you may plot your process variable (PV) and output values over time.  This graphical data is essential for tuning PID-controlled loops.  If you happen to be using a controller that does not provide graphing capability, your team must attach a trend recorder and/or a data acquisition unit (plus a personal computer) to the necessary signal cables so that these values are recorded over time.
+
+PID tuning is a subject worthy of its own course, and so you will not be expected to achieve perfect control on your process.  You will find, however, that one of the best ways to learn PID tuning is by ``playing'' with your process as it responds to different tuning parameters entered into the loop controller.  The expectation for ``good control behavior'' in the context of this lab exercise is for the loop to exhibit response that is no less stable following large setpoint changes than the classic ``quarter-wave damping'' described by Ziegler and Nichols in their 1942 paper.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Most student-built processes are quite safe to operate.  However, if your process harbors any unique hazards (e.g. overflowing water may present a slip hazard, overheated oven may cause materials to smoke or burn), you must be aware of these hazards and limit everyones' exposure to them.  All team members for each process must be familiar with the inherent hazards of their process and how to mitigate them.  One operational step to help avoid problems is to configure the controller for {\it setpoint limits} preventing the setpoint value from being placed at ``dangerous'' values in automatic mode.  Just what these setpoint limit values should be set to varies with the process and the team's experience operating it.
+
+As your time with the process builds, you will no doubt arrive at ideas for improving it.  Feel free to work with your team to optimize the process in any way you see fit.  The goal is to have your process as robust and ``problem-free'' as possible for other teams to use it in later coursework!
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+After you have built and tuned your process, you should identify and configure alarm values for the controller's PV display.  Most controllers have PV alarm capability built in, signaling a condition of excessive or insufficient PV if those alarm points are ever tripped.  You need to set at least a high alarm on the PV so that when other teams come after you to re-tune your process, they have some ``guidepost'' showing them what PV value(s) they should not exceed!  If your team has enough time, feel free to connect an actual alarm indicator light and/or audible buzzer to your control system that turns on (and latches) if an alarm point is exceeded.
+
+A tendency of students when they first learn to tune PID control loops is to proceed carelessly because they know the ``toy'' processes they are learning to tune aren't going to harm anything if their PVs go out of bounds.  While this assumption might be true for your team's process, it is not good to form or reinforce bad habits.  Thus, the inclusion of alarm point(s) on your process PV -- especially if connected to some form of signaling device that is annoying and/or embarrassing to trip such as a loud buzzer -- makes for a better teaching tool for others learning PID tuning!
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\centerline{\bf Troubleshooting PID-controlled processes}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+It is quite likely during the testing and operation of your control loop that problems will develop.  The following advice is given to assist you in your diagnostic efforts, to quickly identify which portion(s) of your control loop might be at fault.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Recall that every feedback control loop consists of four basic elements: an element that {\it senses} the process variable (e.g. primary sensing element, transmitter), an element that {\it decides} what how to regulate this process variable (e.g. a PID controller), an element that {\it influences} the process variable (e.g. a control valve, motor drive, or some other final control device), and finally the process itself which {\it reacts} to the final control device's actions:
+
+$$\epsfysize=3in \epsfbox{i01558x09.eps}$$
+
+\noindent
+You can check each element of your feedback control loop by comparing its input with its output to see if each element is doing what it should:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$(1)$} \underbar{\bf Decision-making:} Carefully examine the controller faceplate, looking at the values of PV, SP, and Output.  Is the controller taking appropriate action to force PV equal to SP?  In other words, is the Output signal at a value you would expect if the controller were functioning properly to regulate the process variable at setpoint?  If so, then the controller's action and tuning are most likely not at fault.  If not, then the problem definitely lies with the controller.
+\item{$(2)$} \underbar{\bf Sensing:} Compare the controller's displayed value for PV with the actual process variable value as indicated by local gauges, by feel, or by any other means of detection.  If there is good correspondence between the controller's PV display and the real process variable, then there probably isn't anything wrong with the measurement portion of the control loop (e.g. transmitter, impulse lines, PV signal wiring, analog input of controller, etc.).  If the displayed PV disagrees with the actual process variable value, then something is definitely wrong here.
+\item{$(3)$} \underbar{\bf Influencing:} Compare the controller's displayed value for Output with the actual status of the final control element.  If there is good correspondence between the controller's Output display and the FCE's status, then there probably isn't anything wrong with the output portion of the control loop (e.g. FCE, output signal wiring, analog output of controller, etc.).  If the controller Output value differs from the FCE's state, then something is definitely wrong here.
+\item{$(4)$} \underbar{\bf Reacting:} Compare the process variable value with the final control element's state.  Is the process doing what you would expect it to?  If so, the problem is most likely not within the process (e.g. manual valves, relief valves, pumps, compressors, motors, and other process equipment).  If, however, the process is not reacting the way you would expect it to given the final control element's state, then something is definitely awry with the process itself.
+\medskip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\centerline{\bf A crude closed-loop PID tuning procedure}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Tuning a PID controller is something of an art, and can be quite daunting to the novice.  What follows is a primitive (oversimplified for some situations!) procedure you can apply to many processes.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 1}
+
+\underbar{Understand the process you are trying to control.}  If you do not have a fundamental grasp on the nature of the process you're controlling, it is pointless -- even dangerous -- to change controller settings.  Here is a simple checklist to cover before touching the controller:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} What is the process variable and how is it measured?
+\item{$\bullet$} What is the final control element, and how does it exert control over the process variable?
+\item{$\bullet$} What safety hazards exist in this process related to control (e.g. danger of explosion, solidification, production of dangerous byproducts, etc.)?  
+\item{$\bullet$} How far am I allowed to ``bump'' the process while I tune the controller and monitor the response?
+\item{$\bullet$} How is the controller mode switched to ``manual,'' just in case I need to take over control?
+\item{$\bullet$} In the event of a dangerous condition caused by the controller, how do you shut the process down?
+\medskip
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 2}
+
+\underbar{Understand what the settings on the controller do.}  Is your controller configured for gain or proportional band?  Minutes per repeat or repeats per minute?  Does it use reset windup limits?  Does rate respond to error or PV alone?  You had better understand what the PID values do to the controller's action if you are going to decide which way (and how much) to adjust them!  Back in the days of analog electronic and pneumatic controllers, I would recommend to technicians that they draw little arrow symbols next to each adjustment knob showing which way to turn for more aggressive action -- this way they wouldn't get mixed up figuring out gain vs PB, rep/min vs min/rep, etc.: all they had to think of is ``more'' or ``less'' of each action.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 3}
+
+\underbar{Manually ``bump'' the manipulated variable (final control element) to learn how the process responds.}  In manual mode, {\it you} are the controller!  What you need to do is adjust the process to learn how it responds: is it an integrating process, a self-regulating process, or a runaway process?  Is there significant dead time or hysteresis?  Is the response linear and consistent?  Many process control problems are caused by factors other than the controller, and this ``manual test'' step is a key diagnostic technique for assessing these other factors.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 4}
+
+\underbar{Set the PID constants to ``minimal'' settings and switch to automatic mode.}  This means gain less than 1, no integral action (0 rep/min or maximum min/rep), no derivative action, and no filtering (i.e. damping).
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 5}
+
+\underbar{``Bump'' the setpoint and watch the controller's response.}  This tests the controller's ability to manage the process on its own.  What you want is a response that is reasonably fast without overshooting or undershooting too much, and without undue cycling.  The nature of the process and the constraints of quality standards will dictate what is ``too much'' response time, over/undershoot, and cycling.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 6}
+
+\underbar{Increase or decrease the control action aggressiveness according to the results of Step 5.}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 7}
+
+\underbar{Repeat steps 5 and 6 for P, I, and D, one at a time, in that order.}  In other words, tune the controller first to act as a P-only controller, then add integral (PI control), then derivative (PID), each as needed.
+
+\filbreak
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 8}
+
+\underbar{``Bump'' a load in the process and watch the controller's response.}  This tests the controller's ability to manage variations in process load over time.  A controller's response to load changes will often differ from its response to setpoint changes.  You still want controller response that is reasonably fast without overshooting or undershooting too much, and without undue cycling.  However, you may have to find some compromise in tuning between good setpoint response and good load response.  How you decide that compromise depends on whether the controller really needs to respond mostly to setpoint changes (e.g. the slave controller of a cascade loop) or to load changes.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 9}
+
+\underbar{Increase or decrease the control action aggressiveness according to the results of Step 8.}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Step 10}
+
+\underbar{Repeat steps 8 and 9 for P, I, and D, one at a time, in that order.}  In other words, tune the controller first to act as a P-only controller, then add integral (PI control), then derivative (PID), each as needed.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+
+\centerline{\bf Caveats}
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+The procedure described here is {\it very} crude, and should only be applied as a student's first foray into PID tuning, on a safe ``demonstration'' process.  It assumes that the process responds predominantly to proportional (P-only) action, which may not be true for some processes.  It also gives no specific advice for tuning based on the results of step 3, which is the mark of an experienced PID tuner.  With study, practice, and time, you will learn what types of processes respond best to P, I, and D actions, and then you will be able to intelligently choose what parameters to adjust, and what closed-loop behaviors to look for.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab questions}
+
+\vskip 5pt
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} {\bf Instrument connections}
+\item{$\bullet$} Determine correct wire connections between instruments to create a working 4-20 mA loop circuit, based on diagrams of instruments with terminals labeled
+\item{$\bullet$} Correctly determine all electrical sources and loads, as well as all voltage polarities and current directions in a 4-20 mA loop circuit, based on diagrams of instruments with terminals labeled
+\medskip
+
+\filbreak
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} {\bf Commissioning and Documentation}
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify and explain the distinction between {\it direct} and {\it reverse} control modes in the loop controller
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify some of the main {\it loads} in your process, and explain how they may be varied while the process is running
+\item{$\bullet$} Describe how to connect a loop calibrator to measure current output by a loop-powered (2-wire) transmitter
+\item{$\bullet$} Describe how to connect a loop calibrator to measure current output by a controller
+\item{$\bullet$} Describe how to connect a loop calibrator to simulate current coming from a loop-powered (2-wire) transmitter
+\item{$\bullet$} Describe how to connect a loop calibrator to simulate current coming from a self-powered (4-wire) transmitter
+\item{$\bullet$} Describe how to connect a loop calibrator to stroke a control valve
+\medskip
+
+\filbreak
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} {\bf Mental math} (no calculator allowed!)
+\item{$\bullet$} Convert a proportional band value into a gain value, or vice-versa
+\item{$\bullet$} Convert a repeats/(minute or second) integral value into a (minutes or seconds)/repeat integral value, or vice-versa
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the pneumatic pressure in a 3-15 PSI range corresponding to $x$ percent.
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the electrical current in a 4-20 mA range corresponding to $x$ percent.
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the electrical voltage in a 1-5 volt range corresponding to $x$ percent.
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the percentage value of a pneumatic pressure signal $x$ PSI in a 3-15 PSI range.
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the percentage value of an electrical current signal $x$ mA in a 4-20 mA range.
+\item{$\bullet$} Calculate the percentage value of an electrical voltage signal $x$ volts in a 1-5 volt range.
+\medskip
+
+\filbreak
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} {\bf Diagnostics}
+\item{$\bullet$} Explain how to distinguish an ``open'' cable fault from a ``shorted'' cable fault using only a voltmeter (no current or resistance measurement, but assuming you are able to break the circuit to perform the test)
+\item{$\bullet$} Explain how to use the ``manual'' mode of a process controller as a diagnostic test to check for problems in a control system
+\item{$\bullet$} Determine whether or not a given diagnostic test will provide useful information, given a set of symptoms exhibited by a failed system
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify at least two plausible faults given the results of a diagnostic test and a set of symptoms exhibited by a failed system
+\item{$\bullet$} Propose a diagnostic test for troubleshooting a failed system and then explain the meanings of two different test results
+\medskip
+
+
+
+\underbar{file i01558}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Loop diagrams / inspections:}
+
+I strongly recommend checking off students' loop diagrams while you inspect their loop (checking for secure wiring, proper tubing, good conduit installation, etc.) with them.  Have all team members take you on a ``tour'' of their completed loop, with each team member explaining a different portion of the loop you select while using their own loop diagram as a guide.  While a student is explaining their section of the loop, you can check the other students' loop diagrams for accuracy.  This not only saves time by consolidating the tasks of loop inspection and loop diagram verification, but it also ensures students can actually relate their loop diagrams to the loop they have built and articulate that understanding to you.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab questions}
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(1)$} Sketch wire connections so that pressure applied to the DP transmitter will register on the ammeter:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x10.eps}$$
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(2)$} Sketch how to connect a loop calibrator to {\it simulate} current from TT-14 in this circuit:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x11.eps}$$
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(3)$} Calculate the percentage value of a 2.3 volt electrical signal in a 1-5 volt range.
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(4)$} Suppose the controller registers 103\% PV in this process, and the operators cannot change this even when they place the controller in manual mode with $-5$\% output.  Identify one possible fault, as well as one impossible fault, with regard to these symptoms.  Be specific in your identification: both the location (which component) and nature (e.g. open, shorted, plugged) of each fault.  
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x08.eps}$$
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Lab questions}
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(1)$} Sketch wire connections so that pressure applied to the DP transmitter will register on the ammeter:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x12.eps}$$
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(2)$} Sketch how to connect a loop calibrator to {\it measure} current coming from TT-14 in this circuit:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x11.eps}$$
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(3)$} Calculate the percentage value of a 14.5 mA electrical signal in a 4-20 mA range.
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+\item{$(4)$} Suppose the PV and SP (as displayed by the controller) do not match: with a 50\% setpoint, the process variable value remains at 62\% with the controller in automatic mode.  Identify one possible fault, as well as one impossible fault, with regard to these symptoms.  Be specific in your identification: both the location (which component) and nature (e.g. open, shorted, plugged) of each fault.  
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01558x08.eps}$$
+
+
+
+%INDEX% Lab exercise, building a complete process control loop
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01597x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01597x02.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 15 20:37:25 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 441 350
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Oblique 
+%%+ font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+/valve_globe_hand {
+begingate
+1 1.00 48 -64 48 0 -48 -64 -48 0 48 -64 5 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -32 0 48 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 48 32 48 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 6300x073.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 1032 806 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+240 1.00 648 822 648 790 1416 790 1416 822 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.00 648 822 648 790 1416 790 1416 822 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 1032 790 1000 726 1064 726 1032 790 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 1032 790 1000 726 1064 726 1032 790 4 polygon
+1 1.00 968 726 1096 726 2 polygon
+1 1.00 984 726 1000 694 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1016 726 1032 694 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1048 726 1064 694 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1080 726 1096 694 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1272 1030 1272 998 1288 998 1288 1030 spline
+1 1.00 1304 998 1304 966 1288 966 1288 998 spline
+1 1.00 1272 966 1272 934 1288 934 1288 966 spline
+1 1.00 1304 934 1304 902 1288 902 1288 934 spline
+1 1.00 1272 902 1272 870 1288 870 1288 902 spline
+1 1.00 1416 1030 1416 998 1400 998 1400 1030 spline
+1 1.00 1384 998 1384 966 1400 966 1400 998 spline
+1 1.00 1416 966 1416 934 1400 934 1400 966 spline
+1 1.00 1384 934 1384 902 1400 902 1400 934 spline
+1 1.00 1416 902 1416 870 1400 870 1400 902 spline
+1 1.00 1288 870 1400 870 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1288 1030 1336 1030 1336 1078 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1352 1078 1352 1030 1400 1030 3 polygon
+241 1.00 1328 870 1344 822 1360 870 1328 870 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1272 582 1272 614 1288 614 1288 582 spline
+1 1.00 1304 614 1304 646 1288 646 1288 614 spline
+1 1.00 1272 646 1272 678 1288 678 1288 646 spline
+1 1.00 1304 678 1304 710 1288 710 1288 678 spline
+1 1.00 1272 710 1272 742 1288 742 1288 710 spline
+1 1.00 1416 582 1416 614 1400 614 1400 582 spline
+1 1.00 1384 614 1384 646 1400 646 1400 614 spline
+1 1.00 1416 646 1416 678 1400 678 1400 646 spline
+1 1.00 1384 678 1384 710 1400 710 1400 678 spline
+1 1.00 1416 710 1416 742 1400 742 1400 710 spline
+1 1.00 1288 742 1400 742 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1288 582 1336 582 1336 534 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1352 534 1352 582 1400 582 3 polygon
+241 1.00 1328 742 1344 790 1360 742 1328 742 4 polygon
+1 3.00 648 806 552 806 2 polygon
+1 1.00 664 582 664 614 680 614 680 582 spline
+1 1.00 696 614 696 646 680 646 680 614 spline
+1 1.00 664 646 664 678 680 678 680 646 spline
+1 1.00 696 678 696 710 680 710 680 678 spline
+1 1.00 664 710 664 742 680 742 680 710 spline
+1 1.00 808 582 808 614 792 614 792 582 spline
+1 1.00 776 614 776 646 792 646 792 614 spline
+1 1.00 808 646 808 678 792 678 792 646 spline
+1 1.00 776 678 776 710 792 710 792 678 spline
+1 1.00 808 710 808 742 792 742 792 710 spline
+1 1.00 680 742 792 742 2 polygon
+1 1.00 680 582 728 582 728 534 3 polygon
+1 1.00 744 534 744 582 792 582 3 polygon
+241 1.00 720 742 736 790 752 742 720 742 4 polygon
+1 1.00 568 758 568 774 584 790 3 polygon
+1 1.00 600 790 616 774 616 758 3 polygon
+1 1.00 616 758 616 534 728 534 3 polygon
+241 1.00 592 502 592 422 568 422 568 502 spline
+241 1.00 592 502 592 422 616 422 616 502 spline
+1 1.00 568 758 568 582 488 582 3 polygon
+1 1.00 488 566 568 566 568 326 3 polygon
+1 1.00 744 534 744 518 616 518 616 326 4 polygon
+1.00 0 592 334 arrow
+(Air supply) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 512 262 label
+1.00 180 1344 1118 arrow
+-1.00 0 1344 494 arrow
+(Setpoint signal) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1224 1206 label
+(\(3-15 PSI\)) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1264 382 label
+(Process variable signal) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1144 422 label
+(\(3-15 PSI\)) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1256 1166 label
+(Lever) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 1112 798 label
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+241 1.00 1032 822 1000 886 1064 886 1032 822 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 1032 822 1000 886 1064 886 1032 822 4 polygon
+1 1.00 968 886 1096 886 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1080 886 1064 918 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1048 886 1032 918 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1016 886 1000 918 2 polygon
+1 1.00 984 886 968 918 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+1 1.00 664 1030 664 998 680 998 680 1030 spline
+1 1.00 696 998 696 966 680 966 680 998 spline
+1 1.00 664 966 664 934 680 934 680 966 spline
+1 1.00 696 934 696 902 680 902 680 934 spline
+1 1.00 664 902 664 870 680 870 680 902 spline
+1 1.00 808 1030 808 998 792 998 792 1030 spline
+1 1.00 776 998 776 966 792 966 792 998 spline
+1 1.00 808 966 808 934 792 934 792 966 spline
+1 1.00 776 934 776 902 792 902 792 934 spline
+1 1.00 808 902 808 870 792 870 792 902 spline
+1 1.00 680 870 792 870 2 polygon
+1 1.00 680 1030 728 1030 728 1078 3 polygon
+1 1.00 744 1078 744 1030 792 1030 3 polygon
+241 1.00 720 870 736 822 752 870 720 870 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 392 566 488 566 2 polygon
+1.00 270 376 574 arrow
+(Output) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 598 label
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+1.00 45 424 862 arrow
+(New bellows) {/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.00 768 1046 label
+0.50 270 464 910 valve_globe_hand
+(Valve) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 320 798 label
+sce
+1 1.00 488 934 488 1078 728 1078 3 polygon
+1 1.00 488 886 488 582 2 polygon
+1 1.00 744 1078 744 1094 472 1094 472 934 4 polygon
+1 1.00 472 886 472 582 392 582 3 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01647.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+Observing this process trend, we see the PV, SP, and Output variables represented:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01647x01.eps}$$
+
+The setpoint (SP) is the flat line at 50\%.  The process variable (PV) is the slightly bumpy plot wavering just above and below the flat setpoint line.  The output is the very erratic plot below both PV and SP plots.
+
+The operator of this process calls you, the technician, to complain about the quality of control in this process.  He claims the controller needs to be tuned in order to stabilize the Output plot so that it is not so erratic.  Based on your observations of this trend, what do you think is happening with this process?  Is the controller in need of tuning?
+ 
+\vskip 10pt
+
+What do you think might happen if we placed this controller in ``manual'' mode?  How would that change the appearance of the process trend?
+
+\vfil 
+
+\underbar{file i01647}
+\eject
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+This is a graded question -- no answers or hints given!
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+There is nothing wrong with the tuning of the controller in this process.  The combination of stable PV trend and erratic output trend indicates that the controller is doing exactly what it is supposed to: keeping the process variable at setpoint, by adjusting the manipulated variable accordingly.
+
+What is happening in this process is that we have a fluctuating process {\it load} forcing the controller to react ``erratically'' to maintain the PV equal to SP.  This is not the fault of the controller, but rather the process itself.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+After placing the controller in ``manual'' mode, the trend might appear something like this:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01647x02.eps}$$
+
+Having said this, it should be noted that the erratic output action of the controller will have detrimental effects on the control valve (if the final control element is a control valve), such as premature packing wear and leakage, and excessive compressed air consumption for pneumatic actuators (which is an ongoing expense!).  The only way to deter this, short of eliminating load variability in the process, is to de-tune the controller so it does not respond so aggressively to changes in PV.  However, the negative consequence of this is that the PV will not hold so close to setpoint any more.
+ 
+Ultimately, the situation is this: so long as process load variability remains, you cannot have robust control (low PV $-$ SP error) {\it and} a steady output signal.  You can have one or the other (or neither!), but not both.
+
+In manual mode, the Output plot turns into a flat line (because the controller simply holds the output value at whatever it was at the moment of auto-to-manual transition), and the PV is free to ``wander'' according to changes in process load.  Here, variations in process load reveal themselves clearly.
+
+%INDEX% Control, PID tuning: manual mode as a diagnostic tool
+%INDEX% Process troubleshooting: diagnosing problem via trend recording
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01679x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01679x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 12 19:49:34 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 168 157
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman font Times-Italic 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/capacitor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 64 0 6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 6 32 6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -6 32 -6 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(c.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(c.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:C%i %pc.1 %pc.2 1.0P) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:c %pc.1 %pc.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 1 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 456 400 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1.00 0 552 400 capacitor
+1.00 0 360 400 resistor
+1 1.00 360 464 360 496 552 496 552 464 4 polygon
+1 1.00 360 336 360 304 552 304 552 336 4 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+1 1.00 584 448 584 528 520 528 3 polygon
+1 1.00 536 544 520 528 536 512 3 polygon
+1 1.00 376 256 392 272 376 288 3 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 328 464 312 464 312 336 328 336 4 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+1 1.00 328 320 328 272 392 272 3 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 312 400 296 400 2 polygon
+(v) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 392 label
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(i) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.00 408 264 label
+(i) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.00 496 520 label
+sce
+(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 392 392 label
+(C) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 480 392 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01695x04.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01695x04.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 12 19:13:44 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 434 339
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/valve_globe_air {
+begingate
+1 1.00 -48 32 48 32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 -80 -48 -16 48 -80 48 -16 -48 -80 5 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -48 0 32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 96 48 96 48 32 -48 32 spline
+endgate
+} def
+
+/field {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 64 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/magnetic_flow {
+begingate
+1 2.00 -112 -96 -48 -96 2 polygon
+1 2.00 48 -96 112 -96 2 polygon
+0 1.00 -48 -48 -48 -144 48 -144 48 -48 4 polygon
+(M) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -16 -112 label
+1 1.00 0 64 64 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 0 0 0 -48 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/characterize {
+begingate
+0 1.00 -32 16 -32 -32 16 -32 16 16 4 polygon
+(f\(x\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.50 -24 -12 label
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 1328 928 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1 1.00 1008 1184 1024 1168 1008 1152 3 polygon
+1 2.00 1104 1080 1104 1168 928 1168 3 polygon
+-1.00 180 800 960 valve_globe_air
+1 2.00 848 1008 992 1008 992 960 3 polygon
+1 1.00 912 1024 928 1008 912 992 3 polygon
+1.00 0 928 472 field
+1 1.00 944 1184 912 1152 928 1152 928 1184 spline
+1.00 0 416 568 field
+1 1.00 352 568 480 568 2 polygon
+1 1.00 784 864 800 880 816 864 3 polygon
+(AT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 904 456 label
+1 1.00 964 524 1012 588 2 polygon
+0 1.00 832 568 832 520 880 520 880 568 4 polygon
+(pH) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 840 536 label
+1 1.00 944 960 944 592 1248 592 1248 960 4 polygon
+0 1.00 1219 1148 1186 1024 1248 1008 1281 1131 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1216 1016 1112 648 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1110 666 1110 626 1150 634 1070 658 spline
+1 1.00 1094 634 1118 658 1150 634 1070 658 spline
+(Mixer) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1136 664 label
+1 2.00 1104 1088 1104 960 2 polygon
+(Wastewater) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 688 1168 label
+1 2.00 1104 592 1104 480 1328 480 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1200 496 1216 480 1200 464 3 polygon
+(Neutralized) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1328 496 label
+(water) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1368 456 label
+1 1.00 448 1024 416 992 432 992 432 1024 spline
+(Caustic) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 280 1024 label
+(supply) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 296 984 label
+(Motor) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 15 1.00 1216 1168 label
+1 2.00 432 1008 560 1008 2 polygon
+1 1.00 496 1024 512 1008 496 992 3 polygon
+-1.00 180 640 912 magnetic_flow
+(FT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 616 832 label
+1.00 0 640 656 field
+1 1.00 576 656 704 656 2 polygon
+3 1.00 704 656 800 656 800 880 3 polygon
+3 1.00 640 784 640 720 2 polygon
+1 1.00 624 736 640 720 656 736 3 polygon
+(FIC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 608 672 label
+(PV) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 576 728 label
+(SP) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 536 608 label
+1 1.00 560 672 576 656 560 640 3 polygon
+(AIC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 384 584 label
+1.00 0 416 320 field
+3 1.00 416 632 416 656 576 656 3 polygon
+1 1.00 400 488 416 504 432 488 3 polygon
+(AY) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 392 304 label
+1.00 0 360 408 characterize
+3 1.00 864 472 416 472 416 504 3 polygon
+3 1.00 656 472 656 320 480 320 3 polygon
+1 1.00 496 336 480 320 496 304 3 polygon
+3 1.00 352 320 256 320 256 568 352 568 4 polygon
+1 1.00 336 584 352 568 336 552 3 polygon
+(Gain ) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.50 272 608 label
+(control) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.50 264 584 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01696.tex.bak

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+This liquid level control system works adequately, but not as good as it could.  In its present form, the liquid level in the accumulator tends to be affected by variations in surge tank level, because this affects the differential pressure drop across the control valve, and thus the flow rate exiting the accumlator for any given control valve position:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01696x01.eps}$$
+
+Modify this system for better control of accumulator liquid level.
+
+\underbar{file i01696}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+Add a (cascaded) flow controller to the liquid outlet pipe, and have the level indicating controller (LIC) send the flow controller (FC) a setpoint.
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+Follow-up question: after making this modification, is the level control process of inherently {\it self-regulating}, or inherently {\it integrating}?  Explain your answer.
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+Add a (cascaded) flow controller to the liquid outlet pipe, and have the level indicating controller (LIC) send the flow controller (FC) a setpoint.  This way, changes in outlet flow resulting from variations in the valve's downstream pressure will be immediately corrected by the slave (flow) controller before any effect is seen on the master (level) loop.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01696x02.eps}$$
+
+After installing the slave flow control loop, the level control will be perfectly integrating!
+
+%INDEX% Control, strategies: cascade
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01706x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01706x01.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.6 rev164
+%%CreationDate: Sun Sep 18 13:16:50 2011
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 485 346
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica Times-Italic 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.3
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--7/13/05  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.3 0
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate
+	0 0 moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore} def     
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/generic::arrowhead {
+% nonetwork
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 
+1.000 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/generic::arrow {
+% nonetwork
+begingate
+1 0.800 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.000 0 0 40 generic::arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+/::valve_globe_air {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -48 32 48 32 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 -80 -48 -16 48 -80 48 -16 -48 -80 5 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -48 0 32 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 96 48 96 48 32 -48 32 spline
+endgate
+} def
+
+/::orificeplate {
+begingate
+1 2.000 -16 -64 -16 -128 2 polygon
+1 2.000 16 -64 16 -128 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -80 0 -112 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -80 0 0 2 polygon
+1 1.000 0 64 64 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/::multiply {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -32 16 -32 -32 16 -32 16 16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 0 0 -16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 -16 0 0 2 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/::square-root {
+begingate
+0 1.000 -32 16 -32 -32 16 -32 16 16 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -24 -8 -16 -8 -8 -24 0 8 8 8 5 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: i01738x01 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 1424 752 translate
+
+1 1.000 -256 -224 -256 224 -96 352 -96 432 4 polygon
+1 1.000 160 -224 160 224 0 352 0 432 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -256 -224 160 -224 2 polygon
+1 4.000 -416 -176 128 -176 2 polygon
+1 4.000 128 -176 128 192 2 polygon
+1 4.000 -224 192 288 192 2 polygon
+1 4.000 -224 192 -224 -176 2 polygon
+1 4.000 -160 -176 -160 192 2 polygon
+1 4.000 -96 -176 -96 192 2 polygon
+1 4.000 0 -176 0 192 2 polygon
+1 4.000 64 -176 64 192 2 polygon
+1 1.000 224 208 240 192 224 176 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -336 -160 -320 -176 -336 -192 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -240 16 -224 32 -208 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -176 16 -160 32 -144 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -112 16 -96 32 -80 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -16 16 0 32 16 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 48 16 64 32 80 16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 112 16 128 32 144 16 3 polygon
+(Furnace) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -128 240 label
+1.000 345 32 -224 generic::arrow
+(Catalyst-filled tubes) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -120 -304 label
+-1.000 180 -560 -224 ::valve_globe_air
+1 2.000 -512 -176 -416 -176 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -560 48 ::valve_globe_air
+1 1.000 -464 -160 -448 -176 -464 -192 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -464 16 -448 0 -464 -16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -432 -80 -416 -96 -400 -80 3 polygon
+1.000 0 -768 96 ::orificeplate
+1 2.000 -752 0 -608 0 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -928 0 -784 0 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -752 -176 -608 -176 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -928 -176 -784 -176 2 polygon
+-1.000 180 -768 -272 ::orificeplate
+1 1.000 -912 16 -944 -16 -928 -16 -928 16 spline
+1 1.000 -912 -160 -944 -192 -928 -192 -928 -160 spline
+(Steam) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -1072 -16 label
+1 1.000 -880 16 -864 0 -880 -16 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -880 -160 -864 -176 -880 -192 3 polygon
+(Methane) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -1104 -192 label
+(FT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -792 144 label
+(FT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -792 -352 label
+(FC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -584 256 label
+1 1.000 -560 272 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+3 1.000 -560 224 -560 128 2 polygon
+(FC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 28 0 1.000 -584 -432 label
+1 1.000 -560 -448 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+3 1.000 -560 -400 -560 -304 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -976 384 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+(FY) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -1000 368 label
+1.000 0 -912 448 ::multiply
+3 1.000 -928 384 -560 384 -560 320 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -576 336 -560 320 -544 336 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -624 288 -608 272 -624 256 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -576 144 -560 128 -544 144 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -576 -320 -560 -304 -544 -320 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -1168 -80 -1152 -64 -1136 -80 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -1040 400 -1024 384 -1040 368 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -992 320 -976 336 -960 320 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -976 336 -976 288 2 polygon
+(k) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -984 248 label
+1.000 0 -832 232 ::square-root
+1 1.000 -624 -432 -608 -448 -624 -464 3 polygon
+1.000 0 -832 -392 ::square-root
+3 1.000 -768 224 -768 272 -608 272 3 polygon
+3 1.000 -768 -400 -768 -448 -608 -448 3 polygon
+1 2.000 -512 0 -416 0 -416 -176 3 polygon
+3 1.000 -768 -448 -1152 -448 -1152 384 -1024 384 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -1136 -432 -1152 -448 -1136 -464 3 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01728x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01728x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sun Feb 11 19:46:07 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 409 284
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8400x020.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 864 607 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+0.800 0.800 0.800 scb
+1 1.00 384 991 384 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 416 991 416 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 448 991 448 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 480 991 480 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 512 991 512 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 544 991 544 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 576 991 576 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 608 991 608 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 640 991 640 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 672 991 672 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 704 991 704 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 991 736 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 768 991 768 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 800 991 800 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 832 991 832 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 864 991 864 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 991 896 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 928 991 928 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 960 991 960 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 992 991 992 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1024 991 1024 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 991 1056 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1088 991 1088 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1120 991 1120 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1152 991 1152 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1184 991 1184 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1216 991 1216 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1248 991 1248 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1280 991 1280 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1312 991 1312 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1344 991 1344 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1376 991 1376 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1408 991 1408 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1440 991 1440 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 991 1440 991 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 959 1440 959 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 927 1440 927 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 895 1440 895 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 863 1440 863 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 831 1440 831 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 799 1440 799 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 767 1440 767 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 735 1440 735 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 703 1440 703 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 671 1440 671 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 639 1440 639 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 607 1440 607 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 575 1440 575 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 543 1440 543 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 511 1440 511 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 479 1440 479 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 447 1440 447 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 415 1440 415 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 383 1440 383 2 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 352 991 352 351 1440 351 3 polygon
+1.00 90 1112 273 arrow
+(0) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 328 343 label
+(5) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 328 375 label
+(10) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 407 label
+(15) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 439 label
+(20) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 471 label
+(25) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 503 label
+(30) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 535 label
+(35) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 567 label
+(40) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 599 label
+(45) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 631 label
+(50) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 663 label
+(55) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 695 label
+(60) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 727 label
+(65) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 759 label
+(70) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 791 label
+(75) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 823 label
+(80) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 855 label
+(85) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 887 label
+(90) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 919 label
+(95) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 951 label
+(100) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 312 983 label
+(%) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 671 label
+0.627 0.125 0.941 scb
+(Output) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 546 577 label
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+(PV) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 554 753 label
+0.627 0.125 0.941 scb
+1 1.00 352 575 512 575 512 639 1056 639 1056 575 1440 575 6 polygon
+sce
+(0:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 338 319 label
+(0:05) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 496 319 label
+(0:10) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 656 319 label
+(0:15) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 816 319 label
+(Time \(Minutes : Seconds\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 600 261 label
+(0:20) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 976 319 label
+(0:25) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 1136 319 label
+(0:30) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 1296 319 label
+1 1.00 1312 351 1312 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1152 351 1152 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 992 351 992 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 832 351 832 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 672 351 672 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 512 351 512 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 351 352 343 2 polygon
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 352 711 356 743 356 687 360 735 364 691 368 731 372 687 376 743 380 687 
+384 735 388 687 392 731 396 691 400 739 404 683 404 731 412 695 412 727 416 687 
+420 735 424 691 428 739 432 683 436 743 440 683 448 735 452 687 460 739 464 683 
+468 743 472 679 476 731 480 695 484 727 488 699 492 739 496 683 500 735 504 683 
+508 743 512 683 516 823 520 779 524 847 528 791 532 839 536 791 536 827 536 803 
+540 827 544 803 552 819 552 807 560 835 568 791 572 835 580 799 588 827 592 835 
+592 803 596 827 600 803 604 835 612 787 612 831 616 807 624 831 624 807 628 823 
+632 807 636 831 644 795 648 831 652 799 656 835 660 803 664 831 664 799 668 835 
+672 799 676 839 680 799 684 835 688 799 696 827 700 799 704 839 708 795 712 839 
+716 791 720 843 724 791 728 827 728 799 736 839 740 787 744 839 748 795 752 835 
+760 799 764 823 764 803 772 831 776 795 780 831 784 807 792 843 800 791 800 835 
+804 795 808 831 812 803 816 839 820 791 824 835 828 803 828 827 832 807 836 835 
+840 791 844 827 848 803 852 843 856 799 860 835 864 791 868 839 872 791 880 839 
+884 795 888 835 892 795 896 839 900 791 904 835 908 791 912 831 912 795 920 835 
+924 787 928 823 932 803 936 815 936 807 944 827 948 795 952 839 956 787 960 823 
+968 803 968 819 972 807 976 819 980 811 988 839 992 787 996 827 996 799 1000 
+823 1004 795 1008 827 1012 803 1016 831 1020 795 1024 835 1032 787 1032 839 
+1036 803 1040 835 1048 799 1052 827 1056 799 1060 755 1060 683 1064 723 1068 
+695 1068 719 1072 695 1080 723 1080 687 1088 723 1096 691 1104 723 1104 691 
+1108 719 1112 691 1120 727 1124 691 1128 731 1136 695 1140 727 1144 687 1144 
+723 1152 687 1156 723 1160 695 1164 727 1168 691 1172 727 1176 687 1180 727 
+1184 691 1188 727 1192 687 1196 727 1200 687 1204 727 1208 691 1212 715 1216 
+695 1216 715 1224 703 1228 723 1228 703 1232 723 1236 683 1244 727 1248 707 
+1252 723 1252 707 1256 719 1264 687 1268 723 1272 703 1276 727 1276 687 1284 
+719 1284 699 1288 723 1292 691 1296 731 1300 695 1304 723 1308 699 1312 719 
+1316 707 1316 731 1320 699 1324 715 1328 703 1328 719 1332 691 1336 731 1340 
+683 1344 719 1348 699 1352 723 1356 695 1360 727 1360 683 1364 727 1368 687 
+1372 731 1380 691 1380 723 1384 695 1392 723 1392 699 1400 723 1404 691 1408 
+731 1412 687 1416 727 1420 687 1424 727 1428 691 1432 727 1436 683 1440 723 
+269 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01729x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01729x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Sun Feb 11 20:08:41 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 409 284
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8400x020.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 864 607 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+0.800 0.800 0.800 scb
+1 1.00 384 991 384 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 416 991 416 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 448 991 448 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 480 991 480 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 512 991 512 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 544 991 544 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 576 991 576 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 608 991 608 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 640 991 640 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 672 991 672 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 704 991 704 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 991 736 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 768 991 768 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 800 991 800 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 832 991 832 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 864 991 864 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 991 896 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 928 991 928 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 960 991 960 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 992 991 992 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1024 991 1024 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 991 1056 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1088 991 1088 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1120 991 1120 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1152 991 1152 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1184 991 1184 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1216 991 1216 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1248 991 1248 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1280 991 1280 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1312 991 1312 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1344 991 1344 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1376 991 1376 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1408 991 1408 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1440 991 1440 351 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 991 1440 991 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 959 1440 959 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 927 1440 927 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 895 1440 895 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 863 1440 863 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 831 1440 831 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 799 1440 799 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 767 1440 767 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 735 1440 735 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 703 1440 703 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 671 1440 671 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 639 1440 639 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 607 1440 607 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 575 1440 575 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 543 1440 543 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 511 1440 511 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 479 1440 479 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 447 1440 447 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 415 1440 415 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 383 1440 383 2 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 352 991 352 351 1440 351 3 polygon
+1.00 90 1112 273 arrow
+(0) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 328 343 label
+(5) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 328 375 label
+(10) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 407 label
+(15) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 439 label
+(20) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 471 label
+(25) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 503 label
+(30) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 535 label
+(35) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 567 label
+(40) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 599 label
+(45) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 631 label
+(50) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 663 label
+(55) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 695 label
+(60) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 727 label
+(65) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 759 label
+(70) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 791 label
+(75) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 823 label
+(80) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 855 label
+(85) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 887 label
+(90) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 919 label
+(95) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 320 951 label
+(100) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 312 983 label
+(%) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 671 label
+0.627 0.125 0.941 scb
+(Output) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 546 529 label
+1 1.00 352 527 512 527 512 591 1056 591 1056 527 1440 527 6 polygon
+sce
+(0:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 338 319 label
+(Time \(Minutes : Seconds\)) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 600 261 label
+1 1.00 1312 351 1312 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1120 351 1120 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 928 351 928 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 736 351 736 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 544 351 544 343 2 polygon
+1 1.00 352 351 352 343 2 polygon
+(1:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 528 319 label
+(2:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 720 319 label
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+(PV) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 616 737 label
+1 1.00 352 653 378 655 408 653 440 653 460 657 486 655 512 655 7 polygon
+1 1.00 556 745 544 833 1056 833 512 657 spline
+1 1.00 1074 781 1102 663 1440 661 1056 833 spline
+sce
+(3:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 912 319 label
+(4:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 1104 319 label
+(5:00) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 0.50 1296 319 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01769.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2010, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+This schematic diagram shows a pneumatic sensing mechanism (based loosely on the Bettis DeltaMatic pipeline valve shutoff system) designed to take action when the gas pressure inside of a process vessel begins to change at a sufficient {\it rate} over time:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01769x01.eps}$$
+
+Analyze this diagram, then answer the following questions:
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Does this mechanism activate (i.e. switch out of its ``normal'' state) when the process pressure's rate of change {\it rises} quickly over time, {\it falls} quickly over time, or rapidly changes in {\it either} direction?
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify what would have to be altered in this mechanism to make the previous answer different (i.e. make the mechanism respond to a different direction of process pressure change).
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify the direction of air flow through the line leading to the ``pneumatic control device'' when the process pressure is not changing at all.
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify one component that would have to be altered in this mechanism to make it {\it more sensitive} to rates of process gas pressure change over time, and also identify how that component would have to be altered (e.g. size, shape, etc.).
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i01769}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} This mechanism activates when the process pressure's rate of change {\bf falls} quickly over time.
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} To switch the direction of change, both the check valve and the spool valve's return spring would have to be reversed in direction.
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify the direction of air flow through the line leading to the ``pneumatic control device'' when the process pressure is not changing at all: {\bf air flowing out to the pneumatic control device}.
+\vskip 10pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} Identify one component that would have to be altered in this mechanism to make it {\it more sensitive} to rates of process gas pressure change over time, and precisely how that component would have to be altered (e.g. size, shape, etc.): either {\bf narrow the restriction}, {\bf increase the size of the capacity tank}, and/or {\bf replace the spool valve spring with one that is ``softer''}.
+\medskip
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+
+%INDEX% Mechanics, fluid power systems: analysis of pneumatic rate-of-change detection system
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01773x03.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01773x03.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 19 19:05:07 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 409 265
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 960 1408 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1 1.00 400 752 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 388 736 label
+1 1.00 352 768 368 752 352 736 3 polygon
+1 1.00 384 704 400 720 416 704 3 polygon
+1 1.00 400 720 400 592 2 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 352 768 label
+(-) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 360 696 label
+1 1.00 512 768 528 752 512 736 3 polygon
+1 1.00 800 768 816 752 800 736 3 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 840 744 label
+0 1.00 816 800 816 704 1008 704 1008 800 4 polygon
+1 1.00 816 576 800 560 816 544 3 polygon
+1 1.00 432 752 528 752 2 polygon
+1 1.00 896 816 912 800 928 816 3 polygon
+1 1.00 912 800 912 864 2 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 596 744 label
+0 1.00 528 800 528 704 720 704 720 800 4 polygon
+(Load) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 864 880 label
+1 1.00 720 752 816 752 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1088 768 1104 752 1088 736 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1008 752 1104 752 2 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1128 744 label
+0 1.00 1104 800 1104 704 1296 704 1296 800 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1056 752 1056 560 400 560 400 592 4 polygon
+(1) {ss} (c) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1040 776 label
+(1) {ss} (q) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 928 840 label
+1 1.00 1296 752 1360 752 1360 432 1072 432 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1040 432 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1028 416 label
+0 1.00 720 480 720 384 912 384 912 480 4 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 788 424 label
+1 1.00 1008 432 912 432 2 polygon
+1 1.00 928 448 912 432 928 416 3 polygon
+(1) {ss} (e) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 464 768 label
+(-) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1080 448 label
+1 1.00 1088 448 1072 432 1088 416 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1024 384 1040 400 1056 384 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1064 368 label
+(2) {ss} (r) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1024 320 label
+(1) {ss} (r) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 280 752 label
+1.00 0 1056 752 dot
+(2) {ss} (c) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1112 456 label
+1 1.00 1184 816 1200 800 1216 816 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1200 800 1200 864 2 polygon
+(Load) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1152 880 label
+(2) {ss} (q) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1152 840 label
+0 3.00 256 928 256 256 1440 256 1440 928 4 polygon
+1 1.00 560 432 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 548 416 label
+1 1.00 720 432 592 432 2 polygon
+1 1.00 528 432 320 432 320 752 368 752 4 polygon
+1 1.00 608 448 592 432 608 416 3 polygon
+1 1.00 544 384 560 400 576 384 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1040 400 1040 352 2 polygon
+1 1.00 560 400 560 288 1392 288 1392 848 1200 848 5 polygon
+1.00 0 1200 848 dot
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 568 352 label
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 616 400 label
+(2) {ss} (m) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 632 456 label
+(1) {ss} (m) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 752 776 label
+(2) {ss} (e) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 952 456 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01773x04.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01773x04.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 19 19:05:23 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 409 265
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 960 2176 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1 1.00 928 720 944 704 928 688 3 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 968 696 label
+0 1.00 944 752 944 656 1136 656 1136 752 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1024 768 1040 752 1056 768 3 polygon
+(Load) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 992 864 label
+1 1.00 848 704 944 704 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1216 720 1232 704 1216 688 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1136 704 1232 704 2 polygon
+(c) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1248 704 label
+0 1.00 608 752 608 656 848 656 848 752 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1040 752 1040 848 2 polygon
+1 1.00 592 720 608 704 592 688 3 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 692 696 label
+1 1.00 512 704 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 500 688 label
+1 1.00 544 704 608 704 2 polygon
+0 3.00 256 928 256 256 1440 256 1440 928 4 polygon
+1 1.00 496 656 512 672 528 656 3 polygon
+1 1.00 512 672 512 576 1184 576 1184 704 4 polygon
+1.00 0 1184 704 dot
+(-) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 536 640 label
+1 1.00 464 720 480 704 464 688 3 polygon
+1 1.00 480 704 416 704 2 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 456 728 label
+1 1.00 416 496 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 400 512 432 480 2 polygon
+1 1.00 432 512 400 480 2 polygon
+1 1.00 416 704 416 528 2 polygon
+1 1.00 464 512 448 496 464 480 3 polygon
+1 1.00 448 496 496 496 2 polygon
+(k) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 512 480 label
+0 1.00 672 416 672 320 864 320 864 416 4 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 696 360 label
+1 1.00 368 384 352 368 368 352 3 polygon
+(u) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 320 368 label
+1 1.00 352 368 672 368 2 polygon
+1 1.00 416 464 416 368 2 polygon
+1.00 0 416 368 dot
+1 1.00 400 448 416 464 432 448 3 polygon
+1 1.00 880 384 864 368 880 352 3 polygon
+1 1.00 864 368 992 368 2 polygon
+(1) {ss} (m) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1008 352 label
+(2) {ss} (m) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 872 728 label
+1 1.00 768 480 768 416 2 polygon
+1 1.00 752 432 768 416 784 432 3 polygon
+(Load) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 720 496 label
+(1) {ss} (q) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 784 448 label
+(2) {ss} (q) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1056 808 label
+(e) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 560 720 label
+(r) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 384 704 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01774.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+What is being represented in the following block diagram?
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01774x01.eps}$$
+
+\underbar{file i01774}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+This diagram shows the dynamic elements of a process (gain, lag, and dead time) represented as separate blocks, for more convenient analysis within a simple feedback control loop.
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+Of course, in real life, these dynamic elements rarely exist in discrete form.  Normally, the elements of gain, lag, and dead time are inherent to the process as a whole rather than to distinct pieces of the process.
+
+%INDEX% Documentation, block diagram: control strategy
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01774x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: 8550x027.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v2.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Apr  7 07:12:37 2003
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 451 185
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.0
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--2/25/99  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.0 2
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/cf { dup type /realtype eq {40 mul /fscale exch def} if dup /xfont exch def
+   findfont fscale scalefont setfont } def
+/Ss { gsave 0.67 dup scale gsave mty neg rmoveto
+   glevel 1 add /glevel exch def } def
+/ss { gsave 0.67 dup scale gsave mty 0.5 mul rmoveto
+   glevel 1 add /glevel exch def } def
+/ns { currentpoint transform   % preserve x position!
+   glevel {grestore} repeat /glevel 0 def
+   itransform pop currentpoint pop sub 0 rmoveto } def
+/ul { showflag 1 eq { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { showflag 1 eq { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave true charpath flattenpath pathbbox pop exch pop sub
+   grestore } def
+/bs { stW 0 rmoveto } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 rmoveto } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/textx { dup 1 add copy 0 exch { exch dup type /stringtype eq
+	{stringwidth pop add}{exec} ifelse } repeat neg ns } def
+/mty { 0 topmat setmatrix (A) true charpath flattenpath pathbbox exch
+   pop exch sub exch pop neg grestore } def
+/texty { gsave 2 copy pop exec mty } def
+/tcenter { textx grestore 0.5 mul 0 rmoveto } def
+/tright  { textx grestore fspc sub 0 rmoveto } def
+/tmiddle { texty 0.5 mul rmoveto } def
+/ttop    { texty fspc sub rmoveto } def
+/tshow {{ dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse} repeat ns } def
+
+/label  { gsave translate 0 0 moveto rotate /just exch def just 16 and 0 gt
+	{0 1 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore
+	1 0 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore
+	dup 0 eq {pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse
+	{-1 /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse exch 0 lt
+	{-1 /just just dup 12 and 4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if
+	/glevel 0 def /showflag 0 def /fspc pspc def
+	just 1 and 0 gt {gsave just 2 and 0 gt {tright}{tcenter} ifelse}
+	{fspc 0 rmoveto} ifelse
+	just 4 and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {ttop}{tmiddle} ifelse}
+	{0 fspc rmoveto} ifelse
+	/showflag 1 def tshow grestore } def
+/pinlabel { hlevel 0 eq { /pspc 20 def label /pspc 0 def }
+	{ pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup 0 lt
+	{neg 1 sub -1 1 scale} if rotate dup scale } bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore } bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+/scb { gsave setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { grestore } bind def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 setgray } def
+/insertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop translate} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 1046 462 offsets
+0.6700 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1  1.00 422 542 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 410 526 label
+1  1.00 326 542 390 542 2 polygon
+1  1.00 374 558 390 542 374 526 3 polygon
+1  1.00 406 494 422 510 438 494 3 polygon
+1  1.00 422 510 422 382 2 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 374 558 label
+(-) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 382 486 label
+1  1.00 534 558 550 542 534 526 3 polygon
+(e) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 486 558 label
+1  1.00 822 558 838 542 822 526 3 polygon
+(m) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 750 558 label
+1  1.00 454 542 550 542 2 polygon
+1  1.00 854 590 870 574 886 590 3 polygon
+(Loads) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 822 694 label
+1  1.00 1006 318 990 302 1006 286 3 polygon
+(Gains) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1022 534 label
+0  1.00 998 590 998 494 1142 494 1142 590 4 polygon
+0  1.00 1238 590 1238 494 1382 494 1382 590 4 polygon
+1  1.00 1222 558 1238 542 1222 526 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1142 542 1238 542 2 polygon
+(Lags) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1270 534 label
+1  1.00 1462 558 1478 542 1462 526 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1382 542 1478 542 2 polygon
+(Dead time) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1502 534 label
+0  1.00 1478 590 1478 494 1702 494 1702 590 4 polygon
+1  1.00 870 542 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 858 526 label
+(q) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 894 654 label
+1  1.00 982 558 998 542 982 526 3 polygon
+1  1.00 902 542 998 542 2 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 582 534 label
+0  1.00 550 590 550 494 694 494 694 590 4 polygon
+(r) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 286 534 label
+(c) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1190 318 label
+1  1.00 870 582 870 670 2 polygon
+2  1.00 806 622 806 462 1734 462 1734 622 4 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1158 638 label
+1  1.00 694 542 838 542 2 polygon
+2  1.00 726 622 726 462 358 462 358 622 4 polygon
+(Controller) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 454 638 label
+1  1.00 422 382 422 302 1782 302 1782 542 1702 542 5 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 822 494 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01775.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+If the gain, lag time, and dead time of a process are known, it is possible to program a computer to mimic these dynamic elements in mathematical form.  Such a program is called a {\it model} of the process.
+
+Models can be very helpful for advanced control strategies.  Take for instance this strategy, known as the {\it Smith Predictor}: its purpose is to ``cancel out'' dead time in a process control loop, so that setpoint changes may be made without overshoot or long response lags.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01775x01.eps}$$
+
+Explain how the Smith Predictor strategy would respond to a sudden increase in setpoint (r).
+
+\underbar{file i01775}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+If the setpoint ($r$) increases, the PID control block will output an increased manipulated variable signal ($m$).  This increased controller output will affect the process, (eventually) increasing the process variable ($c$).  The model, internal to the controller, also responds to the increased PID output.  The gain and lag time portions of the controller's model respond immediately to the change in output, feeding back that information to the error summer so that the PID block may begin to control a ``virtual'' representation of the process without any dead time.  Meanwhile, the process response delayed by dead time is still propagating through the dead time block of the model, and the dead time of the real process.
+
+When the response finally propagates through the dead time of process and model, the result should be the same (if the model is accurate).  These equal changes in process response cancel each other out at the subtraction block at the far right of the diagram, so that all the PID block ``sees'' is the gain and lag time of the process.
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+In essence, the Smith Predictor strategy allows a PID controller to control an idealized process model (without dead time), while canceling out the dead time of the real process.  The only aspect of process dead time that a Smith Predictor does not cancel out is that caused by changes in process load.  Smith Predictor strategies eliminate dead time only in regard to changes in setpoint.
+
+In order to completely eliminate dead time from a control loop, the Smith Predictor strategy would have to be ``aware'' of all process loads, in a feedforward scheme like this:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01775x02.eps}$$
+
+%INDEX% Control, strategies: Smith predictor
+%INDEX% Documentation, block diagram: control strategy
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01775x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: 8550x002.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v2.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Apr  7 07:27:33 2003
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 449 231
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Oblique 
+%%+ font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.0
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--2/25/99  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.0 2
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/cf { dup type /realtype eq {40 mul /fscale exch def} if dup /xfont exch def
+   findfont fscale scalefont setfont } def
+/Ss { gsave 0.67 dup scale gsave mty neg rmoveto
+   glevel 1 add /glevel exch def } def
+/ss { gsave 0.67 dup scale gsave mty 0.5 mul rmoveto
+   glevel 1 add /glevel exch def } def
+/ns { currentpoint transform   % preserve x position!
+   glevel {grestore} repeat /glevel 0 def
+   itransform pop currentpoint pop sub 0 rmoveto } def
+/ul { showflag 1 eq { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { showflag 1 eq { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave true charpath flattenpath pathbbox pop exch pop sub
+   grestore } def
+/bs { stW 0 rmoveto } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 rmoveto } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/textx { dup 1 add copy 0 exch { exch dup type /stringtype eq
+	{stringwidth pop add}{exec} ifelse } repeat neg ns } def
+/mty { 0 topmat setmatrix (A) true charpath flattenpath pathbbox exch
+   pop exch sub exch pop neg grestore } def
+/texty { gsave 2 copy pop exec mty } def
+/tcenter { textx grestore 0.5 mul 0 rmoveto } def
+/tright  { textx grestore fspc sub 0 rmoveto } def
+/tmiddle { texty 0.5 mul rmoveto } def
+/ttop    { texty fspc sub rmoveto } def
+/tshow {{ dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse} repeat ns } def
+
+/label  { gsave translate 0 0 moveto rotate /just exch def just 16 and 0 gt
+	{0 1 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore
+	1 0 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore
+	dup 0 eq {pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse
+	{-1 /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse exch 0 lt
+	{-1 /just just dup 12 and 4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if
+	/glevel 0 def /showflag 0 def /fspc pspc def
+	just 1 and 0 gt {gsave just 2 and 0 gt {tright}{tcenter} ifelse}
+	{fspc 0 rmoveto} ifelse
+	just 4 and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {ttop}{tmiddle} ifelse}
+	{0 fspc rmoveto} ifelse
+	/showflag 1 def tshow grestore } def
+/pinlabel { hlevel 0 eq { /pspc 20 def label /pspc 0 def }
+	{ pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup 0 lt
+	{neg 1 sub -1 1 scale} if rotate dup scale } bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore } bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+/scb { gsave setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { grestore } bind def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 setgray } def
+/insertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop translate} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/dot {
+% -10 -10 20 20 bbox
+begingate
+248  1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 1149 565 offsets
+0.6200 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1  1.00 445 693 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 433 677 label
+1  1.00 349 693 413 693 2 polygon
+1  1.00 397 709 413 693 397 677 3 polygon
+1  1.00 429 645 445 661 461 645 3 polygon
+1  1.00 445 661 445 533 2 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 397 709 label
+(-) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 405 637 label
+1  1.00 557 709 573 693 557 677 3 polygon
+(e) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 509 709 label
+1  1.00 845 709 861 693 845 677 3 polygon
+(m) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 741 717 label
+1  1.00 477 693 573 693 2 polygon
+1  1.00 877 741 893 725 909 741 3 polygon
+(Loads) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 845 845 label
+1  1.00 981 389 965 373 981 357 3 polygon
+(Gains) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1045 685 label
+0  1.00 1021 741 1021 645 1165 645 1165 741 4 polygon
+0  1.00 1261 741 1261 645 1405 645 1405 741 4 polygon
+1  1.00 1245 709 1261 693 1245 677 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1165 693 1261 693 2 polygon
+(Lags) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1293 685 label
+1  1.00 1485 709 1501 693 1485 677 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1405 693 1501 693 2 polygon
+(Dead time) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1525 685 label
+0  1.00 1501 741 1501 645 1725 645 1725 741 4 polygon
+1  1.00 893 693 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 881 677 label
+(q) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 917 805 label
+1  1.00 1005 709 1021 693 1005 677 3 polygon
+1  1.00 925 693 1021 693 2 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 613 685 label
+0  1.00 573 741 573 645 717 645 717 741 4 polygon
+(r) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 309 685 label
+(c) {/Times-Roman 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1805 709 label
+1  1.00 893 733 893 821 2 polygon
+2  1.00 829 773 829 613 1757 613 1757 773 4 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1181 789 label
+1  1.00 717 693 861 693 2 polygon
+(Controller) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 477 789 label
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 845 645 label
+(The Smith Predictor control strategy) {/Helvetica-Oblique 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 781 949 label
+(Gains) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1045 509 label
+0  1.00 1021 565 1021 469 1165 469 1165 565 4 polygon
+0  1.00 1261 565 1261 469 1405 469 1405 565 4 polygon
+1  1.00 1245 533 1261 517 1245 501 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1165 517 1261 517 2 polygon
+(Lags) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1293 509 label
+1  1.00 1485 533 1501 517 1485 501 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1405 517 1501 517 2 polygon
+(Dead time) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1525 509 label
+0  1.00 1501 565 1501 469 1725 469 1725 565 4 polygon
+1  1.00 1005 533 1021 517 1005 501 3 polygon
+1  1.00 925 517 1021 517 2 polygon
+1.00 0 765 693 dot
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1441 357 label
+1  1.00 1453 373 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 0 1453 517 dot
+1  1.00 1453 517 1453 405 2 polygon
+1  1.00 1437 421 1453 405 1469 421 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1413 413 label
+(S) {/Symbol 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1841 501 label
+1  1.00 1853 517 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1  1.00 1805 533 1821 517 1805 501 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1725 517 1821 517 2 polygon
+1  1.00 1725 693 1853 693 1853 549 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1837 565 1853 549 1869 565 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1813 549 label
+(-) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1797 477 label
+1  1.00 1853 485 1853 373 1485 373 3 polygon
+1  1.00 1501 389 1485 373 1501 357 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 1493 397 label
+1  1.00 1421 373 445 373 445 533 3 polygon
+(Process model) {/Helvetica 1.000 cf} 2 16 0 733 469 label
+1  1.00 925 517 765 517 765 693 3 polygon
+3  1.00 381 773 797 773 797 581 1917 581 1917 309 381 309 381 773 7 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01775x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01775x02.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.4 rev27
+%%CreationDate: Sun Dec 23 21:13:41 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 449 242
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Helvetica-Oblique 
+%%+ font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.3
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--7/13/05  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.3 0
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate
+	0 0 moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore} def     
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/jumper {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 10 -90.00 90.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 0 10 0 16 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -10 0 -16 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 16 pinlabel
+(a) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -16 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: 8550x001.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+0.6200 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 1149 613 translate
+
+1 1.00 -704 128 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -716 112 label
+1 1.00 -800 128 -736 128 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -752 144 -736 128 -752 112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -720 80 -704 96 -688 80 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -752 144 label
+(-) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -744 72 label
+1 1.00 -632 144 -616 128 -632 112 3 polygon
+(e) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -664 144 label
+1 1.00 -304 144 -288 128 -304 112 3 polygon
+(m) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -440 152 label
+1 1.00 -272 176 -256 160 -240 176 3 polygon
+(Loads) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -304 312 label
+1 1.00 -168 -224 -184 -240 -168 -256 3 polygon
+(Gains) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -104 120 label
+0 1.00 -128 176 -128 80 16 80 16 176 4 polygon
+0 1.00 112 176 112 80 256 80 256 176 4 polygon
+1 1.00 96 144 112 128 96 112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 16 128 112 128 2 polygon
+(Lags) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 144 120 label
+1 1.00 336 144 352 128 336 112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 256 128 352 128 2 polygon
+(Dead time) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 376 120 label
+0 1.00 352 176 352 80 576 80 576 176 4 polygon
+1 1.00 -256 128 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -268 112 label
+(q) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -240 256 label
+1 1.00 -144 144 -128 128 -144 112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -224 128 -128 128 2 polygon
+(PID) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -576 120 label
+0 1.00 -616 176 -616 80 -472 80 -472 176 4 polygon
+(r) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -840 120 label
+(c) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 656 144 label
+2 1.00 -320 208 -320 48 608 48 608 208 4 polygon
+(Process) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 32 224 label
+(Controller) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -672 224 label
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -304 80 label
+(Gains) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -104 -104 label
+0 1.00 -128 -48 -128 -144 16 -144 16 -48 4 polygon
+0 1.00 112 -48 112 -144 256 -144 256 -48 4 polygon
+1 1.00 96 -80 112 -96 96 -112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 16 -96 112 -96 2 polygon
+(Lags) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 144 -104 label
+1 1.00 336 -80 352 -96 336 -112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 256 -96 352 -96 2 polygon
+(Dead time) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 376 -104 label
+0 1.00 352 -48 352 -144 576 -144 576 -48 4 polygon
+1 1.00 -144 -80 -128 -96 -144 -112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -224 -96 -128 -96 2 polygon
+1.00 0 -432 128 dot
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 292 -256 label
+1 1.00 304 -240 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 0 304 -96 dot
+1 1.00 304 -96 304 -208 2 polygon
+1 1.00 288 -192 304 -208 320 -192 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 264 -200 label
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 692 -112 label
+1 1.00 704 -96 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 656 -80 672 -96 656 -112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 576 -96 672 -96 2 polygon
+1 1.00 576 128 704 128 704 -16 3 polygon
+1 1.00 688 -48 704 -64 720 -48 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 664 -64 label
+(-) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 648 -136 label
+1 1.00 704 -128 704 -240 336 -240 3 polygon
+1 1.00 352 -224 336 -240 352 -256 3 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 344 -216 label
+1 1.00 272 -240 -704 -240 -704 -80 3 polygon
+(Process model) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -128 -192 label
+1 1.00 -272 -48 -256 -64 -240 -48 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -256 -96 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -268 -112 label
+1 1.00 -304 -80 -288 -96 -304 -112 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -704 96 -704 -80 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -672 128 -624 128 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -288 -96 -432 -96 -432 128 3 polygon
+1 1.00 -472 128 -288 128 2 polygon
+3 1.00 -768 208 -400 208 -400 -32 768 -32 768 -304 -768 -304 -768 208 7 polygon
+1 1.00 -256 160 -256 288 2 polygon
+1.00 0 -256 256 dot
+1 1.00 -256 256 -352 256 -352 144 3 polygon
+1.00 0 -352 128 jumper
+1 1.00 -352 112 -352 16 -256 16 -256 -64 4 polygon
+(+) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -304 -144 label
+(\(Modified\) Smith Predictor strategy) {/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.00 
+-352 384 label
+(q) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 -240 0 label
+1 1.00 704 -16 704 -64 2 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01776.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2007, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+A gas-fired heater is used to increase the temperature of a liquid feed, working to hold that temperature constant at the value specified by a local setpoint (LSP):
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x01.eps}$$
+
+This simple control strategy may be adequate for most purposes, but there is room for improvement.  Consider, for instance, how the system will react if the temperature of the cold feed entering the heater suddenly increases.  Certainly, the temperature controller (TC) will take corrective action, but only after a rise in outlet temperature is sensed by the transmitter (TT).
+
+One way to improve the system's response to changes is to add {\it feedforward} control.  Modify the control scheme to include a feedforward signal from a feed temperature transmitter, and explain how the modified system will be better than the system in place now.
+
+\vskip 20pt \vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut \vrule{} {\bf Suggestions for Socratic discussion} \vrule} \hrule}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Perhaps the single most common mistake students make when planning a feedforward system is mis-placing the location of the {\it summing} function block, where the load signal adds to the feedback control signal.  Explain why the load signal should always be added to the feedback controller {\it output} signal, and never to the feedback controller {\it PV} signal.
+\item{$\bullet$} What do you suppose the heating ``coils'' look like in real life?
+\item{$\bullet$} For those who have already studied temperature measurement, what kind(s) of temperature-sensing elements do you think could be used in this application?
+\item{$\bullet$} Are there any loads unaccounted for in the requested feedforward control strategy?  If so, see if you can modify this control strategy to account for them as well.
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i01776}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+The following P\&IDs show {\it incorrect} implementations of feedforward to this process.  All of these incorrect solutions are commonly seen among students first learning about feedforward control.
+
+\vskip 20pt
+
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Incorrect solution \#1:} A mysterious third input on the temperature controller (TC) is being used here.  Although some loop controllers do provide an input for a feedforward transmitter's signal, to sketch this as a solution does not demonstrate understanding of the feedforward strategy.  What needs to be shown is a more explicit function-block strategy whereby it is clear to see what the feedforward signal actually does to achieve its ends.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x06.eps}$$
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\filbreak
+
+
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Incorrect solution \#2:} Here we see the feedforward signal being summed with the process variable signal before it enters the controller.  The reason this won't work has to do with the purpose of the temperature controller (TC) -- to maintain the outgoing product temperature at some operator-determined setpoint (local setpoint, or LSP).  If that controller isn't able to directly and accurately sense the product temperature (because that temperature signal is being added to a different temperature signal) then there is no way the controller will ever be able to hold the product temperature to setpoint.  In other words, summing the two temperature signals together effectively ``lies'' to the controller such that it never sees the real process variable, and therefore can never hold the real process variable stable at setpoint because it's operating on false information.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x04.eps}$$
+
+
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\filbreak
+
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Incorrect solution \#3:} In this solution the feedforward signal is being used as a remote setpoint (RSP) to the temperature controller (TC), much like you would expect to see in a {\it ratio} control system.  The trouble with this solution is again related to the purpose of the temperature controller -- to maintain the outgoing product temperature at some operator-determined setpoint.  Here there is no operator-determined setpoint at all, but rather a setpoint determined solely by the incoming feed temperature.  
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x05.eps}$$
+
+Furthermore, it makes absolutely no sense at all to have the controller's setpoint made equal to the incoming feed temperature.  If we tried this strategy, the controller would maintain a closed-valve condition at all times, because the surest way to maintain the outgoing product temperature at a setpoint value equal to the incoming feed temperature is to not heat it up at all!
+
+
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\filbreak
+
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Incorrect solution \#4:} Similar to the last incorrect solution (\#3), this one attempts to use the feedforward signal as {\it part} of a remote setpoint value (RSP) to the temperature controller (TC), while still maintaining an operator-determined local setpoint (LSP).  Here we still have the same fundamental problem as before -- so long as the feedforward signal modifies either the controller's view of the process variable (the outgoing product temperature) or its setpoint, the controller will be unable to perform its most basic function, to maintain the outgoing product temperature at some operator-determined setpoint.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x07.eps}$$
+
+
+
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+\filbreak
+
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Incorrect solution \#5:} This solution comes closer than all the others with regard to conceptual correctness, but there is no way for it to be practically implemented.  One cannot simple merge two different control signals together (i.e. the temperature controller's output signal somehow joining together with the feedforward signal).  Whether these signals are physical (e.g. two 4-20 mA DC currents or two digital fieldbus messages), or virtual (e.g. binary values inside of a control system such as a DCS), we need some sort of algorithm to combine them together.  The two signals will simply not merge together in any sensible way on their own.
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x08.eps}$$
+
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+The mathematical signs adjacent to the two summer inputs are critically important, especially the negative sign ($-$) next to the feedforward signal input.  These signs dictate the direction of action for each of the signal pathways (feedback and feedforward):
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x03.eps}$$
+
+Truth be told, the sign at the summer's feedback input may be set either positive or negative, so long as the controller (TC) is configured to a corresponding action (direct vs. reverse) such that the entire feedback loop has a negative characteristic.  For example, we could use a noninverting summer input combined with a reverse-acting controller, or alternatively an inverting summer input with a direct-acting controller.
+
+The feedforward summer input, however, {\it absolutely must} be inverting because this is the only way we have of defining the feedforward path's direction of action.  Since a hotter feed temperature needs to result in a more-closed fuel valve, the feedforward action must be reverse, and the summer's sign at that input is the only means we have of establishing a reverse action for the feedforward path.
+
+
+
+\vfil \eject
+
+\noindent
+{\bf Summary Quiz:}
+
+Identify the consequence of the temperature transmitter failing ``high'' (e.g. 20 mA) in this control system:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01776x02.eps}$$
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} The natural gas supply pressure will increase
+\vskip 5pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} The feed flow rate into the heater will decrease
+\vskip 5pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} The feed (liquid) pressure will increase
+\vskip 5pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} The liquid exiting the heater will become too hot 
+\vskip 5pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} The feed flow rate into the heater will increase 
+\vskip 5pt 
+\item{$\bullet$} The liquid exiting the heater will become too cold
+\medskip
+
+%INDEX% Control, strategies: feedforward
+%INDEX% Process: heater (fired) (generic)
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01776x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01776x01.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 19 19:33:16 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 448 327
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/valve_globe_air {
+begingate
+1 1.00 -48 32 48 32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 -80 -48 -16 48 -80 48 -16 -48 -80 5 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -48 0 32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -48 96 48 96 48 32 -48 32 spline
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 1 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 960 734 offsets
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1 1.00 800 670 800 958 944 1054 944 1150 4 polygon
+1 1.00 1168 670 1168 958 1024 1054 1024 1150 4 polygon
+1 1.00 800 670 1168 670 2 polygon
+1 2.00 672 814 1088 814 880 894 1296 894 4 polygon
+1 1.00 720 830 736 814 720 798 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1424 910 1440 894 1424 878 3 polygon
+1 2.00 832 702 832 638 1136 638 1136 702 4 polygon
+1 2.00 984 638 984 702 2 polygon
+1 2.00 896 638 896 702 2 polygon
+1 2.00 1072 638 1072 702 2 polygon
+1.00 90 832 510 valve_globe_air
+1 2.00 784 558 784 638 832 638 3 polygon
+1 2.00 784 462 784 350 2 polygon
+1 1.00 768 334 800 366 800 350 768 350 spline
+(Natural gas) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 688 302 label
+(supply) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 728 262 label
+(Burners) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 912 718 label
+(Heating "coils") {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 864 926 label
+(TT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1256 782 label
+1 1.00 1280 798 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 1280 846 1280 894 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1280 510 48 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+(TC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1256 494 label
+3 1.00 912 510 1232 510 2 polygon
+3 1.00 1280 558 1280 750 2 polygon
+1 1.00 1264 574 1280 558 1296 574 3 polygon
+1 1.00 928 526 912 510 928 494 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1344 526 1328 510 1344 494 3 polygon
+1 1.00 1328 510 1376 510 2 polygon
+(LSP) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.70 1392 494 label
+1 2.00 416 814 672 814 2 polygon
+1 2.00 1296 894 1440 894 2 polygon
+1 1.00 432 830 400 798 416 798 416 830 spline
+(Feed in) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 256 798 label
+(Heated) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1448 926 label
+(liquid) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1472 886 label
+(out) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1488 846 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01776x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01776x02.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.7 rev55
+%%CreationDate: Wed Jun  3 05:13:33 2015
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 448 337
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.7
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--11/1/10  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.7 2
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore endclip} def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate 0 0
+	moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore endclip} def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array astore
+	def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup type /nametype
+	eq not { dup abs currentlinewidth exch div setlinewidth } { pop }
+	ifelse dup abs scale clipped 1 and 1 eq {/clipped clipped 1 add def}
+	if} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end endclip} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/endclip {clipped 1 and 1 eq {grestore /clipped clipped 1 sub def} if} def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def style 2048 and 0 gt
+  clipped 1 and 0 eq and {clip newpath /clipped clipped 1 add def} {
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore endclip} ifelse} def     
+
+/addtoy {exch dup dup 2 mul 3 add 1 roll -1 1 { 4 1 roll dup 4 1 roll add
+	4 -1 roll 2 mul 1 add index 2 mul 2 add 2 roll} for pop} def
+/addtoy1 {1 exch addtoy pop} def
+/addtoy3 {3 exch addtoy pop} def
+/addtoy4 {4 exch addtoy pop} def
+/addtox {exch dup dup 2 mul 3 add 1 roll -1 1 { 4 1 roll dup 4 1 roll 3 -1 roll
+	add exch 4 -1 roll 2 mul 1 add index 2 mul 2 add 2 roll} for pop} def
+/addtox1 {1 exch addtox pop} def
+/addtox3 {3 exch addtox pop} def
+/addtox4 {4 exch addtox pop} def
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 2 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef
+	/clipped 0 def} def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/::valve_globe_air {
+begingate
+1 1.000 -48 32 48 32 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 -80 -48 -16 48 -80 48 -16 -48 -80 5 polygon
+1 1.000 0 -48 0 32 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -48 96 48 96 48 32 -48 32 spline
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: i01776x01.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 960 768 translate
+
+1 1.000 -160 -64 -160 224 -16 320 -16 416 4 polygon
+1 1.000 208 -64 208 224 64 320 64 416 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -160 -64 208 -64 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -288 80 128 80 -80 160 336 160 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -240 96 -224 80 -240 64 3 polygon
+1 1.000 464 176 480 160 464 144 3 polygon
+1 2.000 -128 -32 -128 -96 176 -96 176 -32 4 polygon
+1 2.000 24 -96 24 -32 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -64 -96 -64 -32 2 polygon
+1 2.000 112 -96 112 -32 2 polygon
+1.000 90 -128 -224 ::valve_globe_air
+1 2.000 -176 -176 -176 -96 -128 -96 3 polygon
+1 2.000 -176 -272 -176 -384 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -192 -400 -160 -368 -160 -384 -192 -384 spline
+(Natural gas) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -272 -432 label
+(supply) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -232 -472 label
+(Burners) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -48 -16 label
+(Heating "coils") {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -96 192 label
+(TT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 296 48 label
+1 1.000 320 64 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 320 112 320 160 2 polygon
+1 1.000 320 -224 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+(TC) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 296 -240 label
+3 1.000 320 -176 320 16 2 polygon
+1 1.000 304 -160 320 -176 336 -160 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -32 -208 -48 -224 -32 -240 3 polygon
+1 1.000 384 -208 368 -224 384 -240 3 polygon
+1 1.000 368 -224 416 -224 2 polygon
+(LSP) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.700 432 -240 label
+1 2.000 336 160 480 160 2 polygon
+1 1.000 -528 96 -560 64 -544 64 -544 96 spline
+(Feed in) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -704 64 label
+(Heated) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 488 192 label
+(liquid) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 512 152 label
+(out) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 528 112 label
+1 1.000 -416 -32 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+(FT) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -440 -48 label
+0 1.000 -448 112 -448 48 -384 48 -384 112 4 polygon
+1 1.000 -416 16 -416 48 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -544 80 -448 80 2 polygon
+1 2.000 -384 80 -288 80 2 polygon
+1 1.000 112 -224 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+3 1.000 -48 -224 64 -224 2 polygon
+3 1.000 160 -224 272 -224 2 polygon
+(S) {/Symbol cf} 2 16 0 1.000 96 -240 label
+1 1.000 176 -208 160 -224 176 -240 3 polygon
+3 1.000 -416 -80 -416 -512 112 -512 112 -272 4 polygon
+1 1.000 96 -288 112 -272 128 -288 3 polygon
+1 1.000 144 -272 144 -288 2 polygon
+1 1.000 136 -280 152 -280 2 polygon
+1 1.000 168 -184 168 -200 2 polygon
+1 1.000 160 -192 176 -192 2 polygon
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01777.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+%(BEGIN_QUESTION)
+% Copyright 2011, Tony R. Kuphaldt, released under the Creative Commons Attribution License (v 1.0)
+% This means you may do almost anything with this work of mine, so long as you give me proper credit
+
+For a moving fluid passing through any {\it heat exchanger}, the rate of heat transfer ($dQ \over dt$) required to change the temperature ($\Delta T$) of the fluid flowing at a known mass flow rate ($dm \over dt$) having a fixed specific heat value ($c$) is predicted by this formula:
+
+$${dQ \over dt} = {dm \over dt}c \Delta T$$
+
+\noindent
+Where,
+
+$dQ \over dt$ = Heat transfer rate (metric calories per second or British BTUs per second)
+
+$dm \over dt$ = Mass flow rate of fluid (metric grams per second or British pounds per second)
+
+$c$ = Specific heat of substance (typically a constant value for that substance, in BTU per pound-degree F or calories per gram-degree C)
+
+$\Delta T$ = Temperature change (metric degrees Celsius or British degrees Fahrenheit)
+
+\vskip 10pt
+
+We may apply this formula to the application of a solar air heater, using the sun's radiant energy ($dQ \over dt$) to raise the temperature ($\Delta T$) of air flowing ($dm \over dt$) from the inlet to the outlet of the collector:
+
+$$\epsfbox{i01777x01.eps}$$
+
+Based on this equation, determine whether the temperature rise ($\Delta T$) for any given intensity of sunlight ($dQ \over dt$) will be a self-regulating, integrating, or runaway process variable with respect to the air's mass flow rate ($dm \over dt$).  For example, if we were to suddenly increase the fan's speed to cause a greater mass flow rate of air to go through the collector, would the temperature difference settle at some new stable value (self-regulating), would it continue to change steadily over time (integrating), or would it change faster and faster over time (runaway)?
+
+\vskip 20pt \vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut \vrule{} {\bf Suggestions for Socratic discussion} \vrule} \hrule}
+
+\medskip
+\item{$\bullet$} Why would anyone care what this solar collector's characteristic response to a change in air flow would be?
+\item{$\bullet$} This problem is one lending itself well to a {\it thought experiment}.  Describe the thought experiment you would ``perform'' on this system to explore its characteristics, and how you would apply the experiment to the equation relating heat and temperature.
+\item{$\bullet$} For those students who have studied flow measurement technologies, identify any appropriate flowmeters for this process application.
+\medskip
+
+\underbar{file i01777}
+%(END_QUESTION)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_ANSWER)
+
+Temperature rise ($\Delta T$) is a {\it self-regulating} variable with respect to air flow as the independent variable.  The reason for this comes from a direct analysis of the given formula:
+
+$${dQ \over dt} = {dm \over dt}c \Delta T$$
+
+For any given amount of solar influx ($dQ \over dt$) and any given mass flow rate ($dm \over dt$), the $\Delta T$ is a predictable value, since $c$ is constant.  This means the process must be self-regulating, seeking a new $\Delta T$ value {\it on its own} for any new flow rate or for any new solar influx.
+
+
+%(END_ANSWER)
+
+
+
+
+
+%(BEGIN_NOTES)
+
+
+%INDEX% Process: solar hot-air collector process characteristics
+
+%(END_NOTES)
+
+

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01777x01.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01777x01.eps
+%%Creator: XCircuit v3.6 rev164
+%%CreationDate: Sat Jan  1 18:07:33 2011
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 387 307
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica Helvetica-Oblique Times-Roman 
+%%+ font Times-Italic 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 3.3
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--7/13/05  (tim.edwards@multigig.com)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004)
+%  MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-present)
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.3 0
+%
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 384 and 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show}
+	def} ifelse just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse}
+	ifelse} repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type
+	/arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat
+	grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate
+	0 0 moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin	% default params
+	dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin		% instanced params
+	/hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb end end} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if
+  gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt {
+  7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore
+  {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill}
+  {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse}
+  {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt 
+  style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore} def     
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop
+	rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol .167 fontslant
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+%%BeginSetup
+
+/junk::pump {
+begingate
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+496 1.000 176 128 176 0 208 0 208 128 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.000 176 128 176 0 208 0 208 128 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+497 1.000 0 0 112 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+496 1.000 0 112 0 16 176 16 176 112 4 polygon
+496 1.000 -208 64 -208 -64 -176 -64 -176 64 4 polygon
+sce
+0 1.000 -208 64 -208 -64 -176 -64 -176 64 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 0 112 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+496 1.000 -176 48 -176 -48 0 -48 0 48 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.000 64 48 64 -48 0 -48 0 48 spline
+1 1.000 0 48 -176 48 -176 -48 0 -48 4 polygon
+1 1.000 0 112 176 112 176 16 112 16 4 polygon
+endgate
+} def
+
+/generic::dot {
+% trivial
+begingate
+248 1.000 0 0 6 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(x) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 0 1.000 0 0 pinlabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+
+%%EndSetup
+
+%%Page: i01777x01 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+0.7000 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth 1282 666 translate
+
+1 10.000 -320 336 -320 416 0 416 3 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+1 7.000 -320 336 -320 416 0 416 3 polygon
+0.400 0.400 0.400 scb
+497 1.000 -560 0 -336 0 -208 352 -432 352 -560 0 5 polygon
+0.824 0.706 0.549 scb
+497 1.000 -560 0 -544 -32 -320 -32 -336 0 -560 0 5 polygon
+497 1.000 -336 0 -208 352 -192 320 -320 -32 -336 0 5 polygon
+sce
+1 1.000 -560 0 -336 0 -208 352 -432 352 -560 0 5 polygon
+1 1.000 -560 0 -544 -32 -320 -32 -336 0 -560 0 5 polygon
+1 1.000 -336 0 -208 352 -192 320 -320 -32 -336 0 5 polygon
+1 10.000 -448 -16 -448 -128 -640 -128 3 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+1 7.000 -448 -16 -448 -128 -640 -128 3 polygon
+sce
+0.500 0 -720 -160 junk::pump
+(Fan) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -760 -80 label
+0.647 0.165 0.165 scb
+497 1.000 -944 -168 -944 -152 -896 -152 -896 -136 -848 -160 -896 -184 -896 -168 
+-944 -168 8 polygon
+(Cold air in) {/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -1008 -112 label
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+497 1.000 32 408 32 424 80 424 80 440 128 416 80 392 80 408 32 408 8 polygon
+(Hot air out) {/Helvetica-Oblique cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -16 464 label
+1.000 1.000 1.000 scb
+496 1.000 0 432 0 400 16 400 16 432 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.000 -2 426 -2 406 2 polygon
+(TE) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -480 -224 label
+1 1.000 -448 -208 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 -448 -160 -448 -128 2 polygon
+1.000 0 -448 -128 generic::dot
+1.000 0 -24 416 generic::dot
+1 1.000 -24 384 -24 416 2 polygon
+(TE) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -56 320 label
+1 1.000 -24 336 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 -576 -208 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 1.000 -576 -160 -576 -128 2 polygon
+(FE) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -600 -224 label
+3 1.000 -24 288 -24 208 2 polygon
+(1) {ss} (T) {/Times-Italic cf} 4 16 0 1.000 -304 -224 label
+(2) {ss} (T) {/Times-Italic cf} 4 16 0 1.000 -48 160 label
+3 1.000 -576 -256 -576 -352 -320 -352 3 polygon
+1 1.000 -304 -352 -240 -352 2 polygon
+(dt) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -288 -392 label
+3 1.000 -400 -208 -320 -208 2 polygon
+1.000 1.000 0.000 scb
+497 1.000 -928 416 48 0.000 360.000 xcarc
+1 3.000 -928 416 -752 272 2 polygon
+1 3.000 -928 416 -800 240 2 polygon
+1 3.000 -928 416 -736 336 2 polygon
+1 3.000 -928 416 -880 240 2 polygon
+1 3.000 -928 416 -752 416 2 polygon
+sce
+(Sun) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 0.750 -952 408 label
+(Solar collector) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -784 128 label
+{ns} (1) {ss} ( - T) {ns} (2) {ss} (T = T) {/Times-Italic cf} (D) 
+{/Symbol-Oblique cf} 11 16 0 1.000 -144 -16 label
+(dm) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -296 -336 label
+(dQ) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -712 240 label
+1 1.000 -720 224 -656 224 2 polygon
+(dt) {/Times-Italic cf} 2 16 0 1.000 -704 184 label
+1.000 0 -576 -128 generic::dot
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01777x02.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01777x02.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 19 20:35:58 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 382 308
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gnd {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 0 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -32 32 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -18 -46 18 -46 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -4 -60 4 -60 2 polygon
+0.933 0.604 0.000 scb
+(GND) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 0 pinglobal
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: 1 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 1280 944 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+(Oscilloscope) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 960 1056 label
+1.00 0 1088 880 resistor
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (1 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1120 864 label
+1.00 0 880 880 dot
+1 1.00 880 880 16 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 0 1088 816 gnd
+1.00 0 1088 816 dot
+1 1.00 1088 816 880 816 880 864 3 polygon
+1 1.00 880 880 880 976 1088 976 1088 944 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+4 1.00 848 1040 848 736 1280 736 1280 1040 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 688 896 688 848 672 848 672 896 spline
+1 1.00 656 896 656 848 672 848 672 896 spline
+1 1.00 816 896 816 848 800 848 800 896 spline
+1 1.00 784 896 784 848 800 848 800 896 spline
+1 1.00 592 864 608 832 544 832 640 864 spline
+1 1.00 592 880 608 912 544 912 640 880 spline
+1 1.00 552 920 544 912 552 904 3 polygon
+1 1.00 552 840 544 832 552 824 3 polygon
+(1:1 probe) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 592 960 label
+1 1.00 640 880 880 880 2 polygon
+1 1.00 640 864 880 864 2 polygon
+(Oscilloscope) {/Helvetica cf} 2 16 0 1.00 1024 576 label
+1.00 0 1152 400 resistor
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (1 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1184 384 label
+1.00 0 944 400 dot
+1 1.00 944 400 16 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1.00 0 1152 336 gnd
+1.00 0 1152 336 dot
+1 1.00 1152 336 944 336 944 384 3 polygon
+1 1.00 944 400 944 496 1152 496 1152 464 4 polygon
+0.604 0.604 0.604 scb
+4 1.00 912 560 912 256 1344 256 1344 560 4 polygon
+sce
+1 1.00 752 416 752 368 736 368 736 416 spline
+1 1.00 720 416 720 368 736 368 736 416 spline
+1 1.00 880 416 880 368 864 368 864 416 spline
+1 1.00 848 416 848 368 864 368 864 416 spline
+1 1.00 656 384 672 352 608 352 704 384 spline
+1 1.00 656 400 672 432 608 432 704 400 spline
+1 1.00 488 440 480 432 488 424 3 polygon
+1 1.00 488 360 480 352 488 344 3 polygon
+1 1.00 704 400 944 400 2 polygon
+1 1.00 704 384 944 384 2 polygon
+(10:1 probe) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0 1.00 496 480 label
+1.00 90 544 432 resistor
+1 1.00 480 352 608 352 2 polygon
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (9 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 0.70 512 384 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 1 M) {ns} (in) {ss} (Z) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.00 336 
+864 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} ( = 10 M) {ns} (in) {ss} (Z) {/Times-Roman cf} 8 16 0 1.00 256 
+384 label
+(scope) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 976 864 label
+(scope) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 1040 384 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01777x03.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01777x03.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 15 18:23:48 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 312 182
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gnd {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 0 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -32 32 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -18 -46 18 -46 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -4 -60 4 -60 2 polygon
+0.933 0.604 0.000 scb
+(GND) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 0 pinglobal
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: i01777x02.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 968 444 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1.00 0 776 380 resistor
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (1 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 808 364 label
+1.00 0 776 316 gnd
+1.00 0 776 316 dot
+1.00 0 776 556 resistor
+1 1.00 776 492 776 444 2 polygon
+1 1.00 776 316 456 316 2 polygon
+1 1.00 456 460 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 440 460 440 476 456 476 456 444 472 444 472 460 6 polygon
+1 1.00 456 428 456 316 2 polygon
+1 1.00 456 492 456 636 776 636 776 620 4 polygon
+1.00 0 776 476 dot
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 328 460 328 492 360 492 360 428 392 428 392 460 6 polygon
+1.00 285 840 460 arrow
+( =) {ns} (scope) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 6 16 0 1.00 888 428 label
+1 1.00 1032 444 1032 452 1064 452 1064 436 1096 436 1096 444 6 polygon
+(in) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 256 444 label
+sce
+(probe) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 664 540 label
+(scope) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 664 364 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (9 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 808 540 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF

derived/Source/work/inputs/sinst/sinst/src/i01777x04.eps

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%Title: i01777x04.eps
+%%Creator: Xcircuit v3.0
+%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 15 18:24:19 2007
+%%Pages: 1
+%%BoundingBox: 68 68 312 182
+%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman font Symbol 
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+%
+%  PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit
+%  Version: 2.4
+%
+%  Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program
+%
+%  Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--5/16/01  (tim@bach.ece.jhu.edu)
+%  The Johns Hopkins University
+%
+%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 2.4 1
+% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types.
+
+/XCIRCsave save def
+/topmat matrix currentmatrix def
+
+/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] 
+    exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def
+    { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall
+    ndict definefont pop} def
+/ul { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave 
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_)
+   false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index
+   sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0
+   rlineto stroke moveto } if } def
+/ol { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave
+   currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index
+   true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop
+   exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore
+   exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint
+   exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke
+   moveto } if } def
+/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath
+	pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def
+/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs
+	0 currentpoint pop put} def
+/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def
+/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt
+	{currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def
+/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def
+/hS { qS qS } def
+/pspc 0 def
+/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def
+/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def
+/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.33 mul neg Kn} def
+/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul
+	0.67 mul Kn } def
+/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def
+/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto } def
+/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq
+	{ 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def}
+	{fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def
+/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def
+/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg /rotval exch def
+	/just exch def just 16 and 0 gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform
+	gsave pagemat setmatrix idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt
+	{pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval
+	rotval neg def /just just dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse
+	exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and
+	4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def
+	/fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def
+	/kY 0 def gsave dup 1 add copy 0 exch 1 0 dtransform exch atan rotate
+	{exch dup type /stringtype eq {true charpath flattenpath} {exec}
+	ifelse } repeat pop pathbbox grestore 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just
+	1 and 0 gt {just 2 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5
+	mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4
+	and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg}
+	ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint
+	translate /showflag 1 def /Bline 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale
+	1.0 def /kY 0 def {dup type /stringtype eq {show}{exec} ifelse}
+	repeat grestore } def
+/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label
+	/pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def
+/pinglobal { pinlabel } def
+/infolabel { pinlabel } def
+
+/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def  /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def
+/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def
+/begingate { /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array
+	astore def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup abs scale
+	} bind def
+/makeparm  {3 string cvs dup length 1 add string /tstr exch def tstr exch
+	1 exch putinterval tstr 0 (v) putinterval tstr cvn} bind def
+/beginparm { -1 1 {makeparm exch def} for
+	dup type /arraytype eq { aload length -1 1 {makeparm exch def}
+	for } if begingate } bind def
+/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef
+	scb} bind def
+
+/hlevel 0 def
+/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
+/gar {8 8 true tmpa {<c0 c0 00 00 0c 0c 00 00>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<df cf 8f 9f fd fc f8 f9>} imagemask} bind
+{8 8 true tmpa {<ff 3f 3f ff ff f3 f3 ff>} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def
+/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll
+  neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy
+  gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll
+  { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index
+  exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def
+/setstyles {
+  currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def
+  style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if
+  style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if 
+  style dup 256 ge exch 480 lt and { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore } if
+  style 16 and 0 gt { gsave style 224 and -5 bitshift dup 7 lt
+	{gar exch get ppaint} { pop eofill } ifelse grestore } if
+  style 8 and 0 gt style 512 eq or { newpath } { stroke } ifelse grestore } def
+
+/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def
+/xcarc   { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def
+/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll
+	3 index div 1 scale } def
+/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def
+/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def
+/pellip  { elb ele arc setmatrix } def
+/nellip  { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def
+/spline  { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def
+/polyc   { {lineto} repeat } bind def
+/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def
+/endpath { setstyles } bind def
+/bop	 { 1 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef } def
+/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def bop rotate translate dup scale} def
+/end_insert {PSobj restore} def
+/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def
+/inchscale  {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def
+/cmscale    {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def
+
+%%EndResource
+%%EndProlog
+
+% XCircuit output starts here.
+
+/resistor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 64 0 36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -36 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 -36 14 -30 -14 -18 14 -6 -14 6 14 18 -14 30 0 36 8 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(r.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(r.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:R%i %pr.1 %pr.2 1.0K) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:r %pr.1 %pr.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/gnd {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 0 0 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -32 32 -32 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -18 -46 18 -46 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -4 -60 4 -60 2 polygon
+0.933 0.604 0.000 scb
+(GND) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 1 0 1.00 0 0 pinglobal
+endgate
+} def
+
+/dot {
+begingate
+248 1.00 0 0 6 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+endgate
+} def
+
+/capacitor {
+begingate
+1 1.00 0 -64 0 -6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 0 64 0 6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 6 32 6 2 polygon
+1 1.00 -32 -6 32 -6 2 polygon
+1.000 0.000 0.000 scb
+(c.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 0 1.00 0 64 pinlabel
+(c.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 0 1.00 0 -64 pinlabel
+0.180 0.545 0.341 scb
+(spice:C%i %pc.1 %pc.2 1.0P) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -160 infolabel
+(sim:c %pc.1 %pc.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 0 1.00 -208 -208 infolabel
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrowhead {
+% trivial
+begingate
+8 -28 beginpath
+3 -18 3 -15 0 0 curveto
+-3 -15 -3 -18 -8 -28 curveto
+-2 -26 2 -26 8 -28 curveto
+249 1.00 endpath
+endgate
+} def
+
+/arrow {
+% trivial
+begingate
+1 0.80 0 -40 0 20 2 polygon
+1.00 0 0 40 arrowhead
+endgate
+} def
+
+%%Page: i01777x02.eps 1
+%%PageOrientation: Portrait
+/pgsave save def bop
+% 968 444 offsets
+% 32.00 8.00 gridspace
+0.7500 inchscale
+2.6000 setlinewidth
+
+1.00 0 776 380 resistor
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (1 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 808 364 label
+1.00 0 776 316 gnd
+1.00 0 776 316 dot
+1.00 0 776 556 resistor
+1 1.00 776 492 776 444 2 polygon
+1 1.00 776 316 456 316 2 polygon
+1 1.00 456 460 32 0.00 360.00 xcarc
+1 1.00 440 460 440 476 456 476 456 444 472 444 472 460 6 polygon
+1 1.00 456 428 456 316 2 polygon
+1 1.00 456 492 456 636 776 636 776 620 4 polygon
+1.00 0 616 380 capacitor
+1.00 0 616 316 dot
+1 1.00 616 444 616 476 776 476 3 polygon
+1.00 0 776 476 dot
+(stray) {ss} (C) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 488 364 label
+0.000 0.000 1.000 scb
+1 1.00 328 460 328 492 360 492 360 428 392 428 392 460 6 polygon
+1.00 285 840 460 arrow
+(in) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 256 444 label
+( =) {ns} (scope) {ss} (V) {/Times-Roman cf} 6 16 0 1.00 888 428 label
+1 1.00 1048 452 1040 452 1064 452 1032 444 spline
+1 1.00 1072 436 1080 436 1096 436 1064 452 spline
+sce
+(scope) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 664 364 label
+(probe) {ss} (R) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 664 540 label
+(W) {/Symbol cf} (9 M) {/Times-Roman cf} 4 16 0 1.00 808 540 label
+pgsave restore showpage
+
+%%Trailer
+XCIRCsave restore
+%%EOF