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question stringlengths 16 623	answer stringlengths 1 231	aliases listlengths 0 210	dataset stringclasses 4 values	paragraphs listlengths 10 20	summarization stringlengths 29 1.28k
What series was created by former Doctor Who producer Russell T. Davies?	Queer as Folk	[]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "early Saturday evening timeslot. Davies was also approached by the BBC to produce several spin-off series, eventually creating two: \"Torchwood\" and \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\". In October 2005, BBC Three Controller Stuart Murphy invited Davies t...	Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled "Torchwood" (an anagram of "Doctor Who"), set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006.
what is on top of us capitol building?	The Statue of Freedom	[]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "shell suspended from the supporting ribs, which also support the visible exterior structure and the tholos that supports The \"Statue of Freedom\", a colossal statue that was raised to the top of the dome in 1863. The weight of the cast iron for the...	The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C.
In which Indian city is Eden Gardens, the second largest test cricket ground in the world?	Kolkota	[ "South Calcutta", "Calcuta", "Culcutta", "South Kolkata", "Calcutta, West Bengal", "City of Bombay", "Kolkatta", "Colcata", "Kalkutta", "Kolkata, West Bengal", "Downtown Mumbai", "KOLKATA", "Kolkata, WB", "City of Calcutta", "Kolkata", "Bumbai", "Calcutta, WB", "City of Mumbai", ...	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kolkata Knight Riders The Kolkata Knight Riders (also known by the acronym KKR) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League. The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan, actress Juhi Chawla ...	Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India established in 1864. It is the home venue of the Bengal cricket team and the IPL franchise cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders, and is also a venue for Test, ODI and T20I matches of the India national cricket team. The stadium currently has a capacity of 68,000, and is ...
First released in 1969, which single gave David Bowie his first No. 1 in 1975?	Space Oddity (song)	[ "Ground control to major tom", "Space Oddity", "A Space Oddity", "Ground Control to Major Tom" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "fulfilment of his promise to join the singer in a live show if \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\", a song whose commercial potential Lennon had doubted, reached number one. Lennon performed the song along with \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" and...	“Fame” is a song recorded by David Bowie, initially released in 1975. Written by Bowie, Carlos Alomar and John Lennon, it was a hit in North America, becoming Bowie's first number 1 single in the Canadian Singles Chart as well as the U.S. “Billboard” Hot 100. The song was one of the more successful singles of the year,...
What 1996 film was about a group of drug taking misfits in Edinburgh?	Trainspotting (disambiguation)	[ "Trainspotting" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Trainspotting (film) Trainspotting is a 1996 British black comedy film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, and Kelly Macdonald in her acting debut. Based on the novel of th...	Trainspotting (film) is a 1996 British black comedy film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, and Kelly Macdonald in her acting debut. Based on the novel of the same name by Irvine Welsh, it was released in the United Kingdom on 23 February 19...
What concept was developed by Baran while researching at RAND?	distributed adaptive message block switching	[]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of digital message switching (without packets) in 1961. The concept of switching small blocks of data was first explored independently by Paul Baran at the RAND Corporation starting in the late 1950s in the US and subsequently by Donald Davies at the...	Baran developed the concept of "distributed adaptive message block switching" during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into communications networks that could survive nuclear wars.
When did the very first plugs-out test occur?	1967	[ "January 27, 1967" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "power. If successful, this would be followed by a more rigorous countdown simulation test closer to the February 21 launch, with both spacecraft and launch vehicle fueled. The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately ...	The launch simulation on January 27, 1967, on pad 34, was a “plugs-out” test to determine whether the spacecraft would operate nominally on (simulated) internal power while detached from all cables and umbilicals.
What is the Rhine Gorge known for?	castles	[ "castles and vineyards" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rhine Gorge The Rhine Gorge is a popular name for the Upper Middle Rhine Valley, a 65 km section of the Rhine between Koblenz and Bingen in Germany. It was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in June 2002 for a unique combination of geol...	The Rhine Gorge is a popular name for the Upper Middle Rhine Valley, a 65 km section of the Rhine between Koblenz and Bingen in Germany. It was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in June 2002 for a unique combination of geological, historical, cultural and industrial reasons.
In the 1980s what was the population of the amazon region?	200,000.	[ "less than 200,000" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paradise\". She claimed that a population density of is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting, with agriculture needed to host a larger population. However, recent anthropological findings have suggested that the region ...	Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500, divided between dense coastal settlements, such as that at Marajó, and inland dwellers. By 1900, the population had fallen to 1 million and by the early 1980s it was less than 200,000.
who wrote the song be thankful for what you got?	William DeVaughn	[]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Be Thankful for What You Got \"Be Thankful for What You Got\" is a soul song written and first performed by William DeVaughn. DeVaughn wrote \"A Cadillac Don't Come Easy\", eventually re-written to become \"Be Thankful for What You Got\" in 1972, and...	“Be Thankful for What You Got” is a soul song written and first performed by William DeVaughn. DeVaughn wrote “A Cadillac Don’t Come Easy,” which was eventually re-written to become “Be Thankful for What You Got” in 1972.
who had a baby at 100 in the bible?	Sarah	[ "Abraham" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the age of childbearing. So Sarah laughed to herself as she thought, “After I am worn out and my lord is old, will I now have this pleasure?” (Genesis 18:10-15). Sarah gives her slave Hagar to Abraham and he has sexual relations with her and she bec...	Later, “Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the very time God had promised him. Abraham gave the name Isaac to the son Sarah bore him. When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him, as God had commanded him. Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to h...
Which mythical beings were said to inhabit the slopes of Mount Etna?	Cyclops (film)	[ "The Cyclops", "CYCLOPS", "Cyclops (disambiguation)" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "active volcanoes in Italy, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. In Greek mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under the mountain by Zeus, the god of the sky. Mount Etna is widely regarded as a ...	Giants (Greek mythology) were said to be buried under volcanos. The Giant Enceladus was thought to lay buried under Mount Etna, with the volcano's eruptions being the breath of Enceladus and its tremors caused by the Giant rolling over from side to side beneath the mountain; the monster Typhon and the Hundred-hander Br...
By what name was the artist Jacopo Comin (or Jacopo Robusti) better known?	Tintoret	[ "Tintoretto, Il", "Jacopo Tintoretto", "Jacobo Robusti", "Tintoretto", "Jacopo Robusti", "Little Dyer", "Il Tintoretto" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tintoretto Tintoretto (; born Jacopo Comin, late September or early October, 1518 – May 31, 1594) was an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Venetian school. The speed with which he painted, and the unprecedented boldness of his brushwork, ...	Tintoretto (born Jacopo Comin, late September or early October, 1518 – May 31, 1594) was an Italian painter and notable exponent of the Venetian school. For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed Il Furioso, and in his youth he was also known as Jacopo Robusti as his father had defended the gates of Padua in a
Who played Patrick, Victor Meldrew's neighbour in One Foot in the Grave?	Deayton	[ "Gordon Deayton", "Gordon Angus Deayton", "Help Your Self", "Angus Deayton", "Angus dayton", "Angus deyton" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victor Meldrew Victor Meldrew is a fictional character in the BBC One sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\", created by David Renwick and portrayed by Richard Wilson. The character epitomised the archetypal grumpy old man. Meldrew is a foil for the bothe...	Angus Deayton Gordon Angus Deayton played Victor Meldrew's long-suffering neighbour Patrick Trench in the comedy series "One Foot in the Grave".
Do adults or juveniles secretions luminesce brighter?	Juveniles will luminesce more brightly	[ "Juveniles" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the cydippid genus \"Pleurobrachia\", are incapable of bioluminescence. When some species, including \"Bathyctena chuni\", \"Euplokamis stationis\" and \"Eurhamphaea vexilligera\", are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much t...	When some species, including “Bathyctena chuni”, “Euplokamis stationis” and “Eurhamphaea vexilligera”, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults, whose luminescence is diffus...
Sinhala is the official language of which country?	S Lanka	[ "Etymology of Sri Lanka", "Ilaṅkai", "Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Choṣhalichak Kuṭiyarachu", "The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka", "Ceylon", "Sielediva", "Provincial capitals of Sri Lanka", "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka", "Island of Ceylon", "Ilankai Jananayaka", "SriLanka", "...	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sinhalese language Sinhalese (), known natively as Sinhala (; \"siṁhala\" ), is the native language of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million. Sinhalese is also spoken as a second language...	The Sinhala Only Act replaced English as the official language of Ceylon with Sinhalese. Sinhalese is the language of Sri Lanka's majority Sinhalese people.
Where is the administrative centre of Cumbria?	Carlisle (city)	[ "Carlisle", "Carlisle (disambiguation)", "Carlisleshire", "CARLISLE" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's county city...	Carlisle Carlisle (or from Cumbric: “Caer Luel”) is a city and the county town of Cumbria. It is also the administrative centre of the City of Carlisle district in North West England.
Which London river, now flowing underground, rises in Hampstead, flows through St. Pancras, down Farringdon Street and enters the Thames by Blackfriars Bridge?	Fleet Ditch	[ "Fleet river", "Fleet ditch", "The River Fleet", "Fleet River", "Fleet River London", "River fleet", "River Fleet" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "River Fleet The River Fleet is the largest of London's subterranean rivers. Its headwaters are two streams on Hampstead Heath, each of which was dammed into a series of ponds – the Hampstead Ponds and the Highgate Ponds – in the 18th century. At the ...	The River Fleet is the largest of London’s subterranean rivers. Its headwaters are two streams on Hampstead Heath, each of which was dammed into a series of ponds—the Hampstead Ponds and the Highgate Ponds—in the 18th century. At the southern edge of Hampstead Heath these descend underground as sewers and join in Camde...
Ray Harryhausen is famous in the world of cinema for what?	Brief history of special effects	[ "Effects animation", "SPECIAL EFFECTS", "SPFX", "Special effects artist", "Special Effects", "Special FX", "Special effects animator", "Trick photography", "Special effects", "Special Visual Effects", "Special-effect", "Special effect", "Movie magic", "Special effects animation", "Specia...	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ray Harryhausen Raymond Frederick Harryhausen (June 29, 1920 – May 7, 2013) was an American-born British artist, designer, visual effects creator, writer and producer who created a form of stop-motion model animation known as \"Dynamation\". His most...	Ray Harryhausen created a form of stop-motion model animation known as "Dynamation", and is remembered for visual-effects work including working with his mentor Willis H. O'Brien on the animation for "Mighty Joe Young" (1949), his first color film "The 7th Voyage of Sinbad" (1958), and "Jason and the Argonauts" (1963),...
Which member of the cabinet is MP for Maidenhead?	Theresa Mary May	[ "Theresa May", "THERESA MAY" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Theresa May Theresa Mary May (; ; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2016. She served as Home Secretary from 2010 to 2016. May was first elected Memb...	Theresa May was first elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidenhead in 1997, and she has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2016.
Marmalade is which bear's favourite sandwich filling?	Paddington bear	[ "Paddington Bear", "32 Windsor Gardens", "Paddington Brown", "A bear called paddington", "Darkest Peru" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for marmalade, particularly in sandwiches, and kept it in his briefcase wherever he went.. Paddington Bear is now used on the label of the smaller peel (\"shred\") and clearer/milder Robertson's 'Golden Shred' marmalade.The previous icon - the famou...	According to a Scottish legend about the creation of orange marmalade in Britain, a ship carrying a cargo of oranges broke down in the port of Dundee, leading to locals making marmalade out of the cargo. Paddington Bear, a fictional character in children's literature, is renowned for his liking marmalade.
What did the crew of Apollo 12 do with parts of the Surveyor they landed near after photographing them?	removed some parts	[ "returned to Earth", "color television camera", "returned to Earth." ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Bean achieved a precise landing at their expected location, the site of the \"Surveyor 3\" unmanned probe, which had landed on April 20, 1967. They carried the first color television camera to the lunar surface on an Apollo flight, but transmiss...	Pete Conrad and Alan Bean approached and inspected Surveyor 3, and they even removed some parts from it to be returned to Earth for study after Apollo 12 photographed the nearby Surveyor 3 robotic probe.
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years after the discovery of gold?	76,000 to 540,000	[ "sevenfold" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries occurred at many sites across Victoria. This triggered one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen. The colony grew rapidly in both population and economic power. In ten years the po...	The discovery of gold at Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo, triggered one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen, and the population of Victoria increased sevenfold in ten years from 76,000 to 540,000.
In which Irish city is the Abbey Theatre?	The weather in Dublin	[ "Capital of Republic of Ireland", "Dublin (Ireland)", "Baile Átha Cliath", "Dublin", "Dublín", "Dublin City, Ireland", "West Dublin", "City Centre, Dublin", "BÁC", "Dublin, Ireland", "Baile Atha Cliath", "Dublin Culture", "Dubh Linn", "UN/LOCODE:IEDUB", "Dublin city center", "Europe/Du...	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Abbey Theatre The Abbey Theatre (), also known as the National Theatre of Ireland (), in Dublin, Ireland, is one of the country's leading cultural institutions. First opening to the public on 27 December 1904, and despite losing its original building...	The Abbey Theatre, also known as the National Theatre of Ireland, is in Dublin, Ireland; since July 1966 it has been located at 26 Lower Abbey Street, Dublin 1.
Where is Harvard stadium located?	Allston	[ "on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Harvard Stadium Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped college football stadium in the northeast United States, located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The stadium is owned and operated by Harvard University and is home to the Harvard Cr...	Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped college football stadium in the northeast United States, located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.
What are the French speaking citizens of Belgium called?	Walloon (people)	[ "Wallon (people)", "Wallonian", "Walloon people", "Walons", "Wallons", "Waloons", "Walloons" ]	naturalquestions	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belgium includes 4.5 million people, of whom: French speakers who live in the Flemish Region are not included in the official numbers for the French-speaking Community, since the French Community has no jurisdiction in that region. Their number is u...	Walloons are a Romance ethnic people native to Belgium, principally its southern region of Wallonia. Walloons speak French and Walloon, and are described as a distinctive ethnic community within Belgium; the term is also extended to refer to the inhabitants of the Walloon region in general, regardless of ethnicity or d...

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