instruction stringlengths 9 38.7k |
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(Please note the cross-post at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7626347/difference-between-lp-or-simply-in-rs-locfit)
I am not sure I see the difference between different examples for local logistic regression in the documentation of the gold standard locfit package for R: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/locf... |
I need a test to check for homogeneity of variances. I am not sure if a series is normally distributed.
If I use a test of homogeneity of variance that works for NON-normally distributed data, does the series also pass (with "pass" I mean that the variances ARE homogeneous) if the distribution is normal ?
Can we say t... |
I want to derive the limits for the $100(1-\alpha)\%$ confidence interval for the ratio of two means.
Suppose, $X_1 \sim N(\theta_1, \sigma^2)$ and $X_2 \sim N(\theta_2, \sigma^2)$
being independent, the mean ratio $\Gamma = \theta_1/\theta_2$. I tried to solve:
$$\text{Pr}(-z(\alpha/2)) \leq X_1 - \Gamma X_2 / \sigma ... |
I do a simple linear regression mod <- lm(y ~ x) and I plot its residuals, doing plot(mod$residuals). Two questions:
I need to plot the line of the regression in the chart where I plotted the residuals, how can I do it?
I need to know the points of this line, because I should plot this line in another application, so ... |
I'm doing a simple linear regression I tried:
> mod <- lm(rnorm(100,sd=2) ~ rnorm(100,sd=2.1))
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = rnorm(100, sd = 2) ~ rnorm(100, sd = 2.1))
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-4.0396 -1.0698 0.0803 0.9823 5.4893
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Err... |
I have a series of non-negative integers $y=(y_1,y_2,..., y_n)$ and a design matrix $y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_1 + \beta_2 x_2 + \beta_3 x_1 x_2$, where $x_0$ and $x_1$ are $0$ or $1$, $x_1x_2$ is the interaction, and $\beta_0 \ldots \beta_3$ are parameters we want to estimate. For example, the data look like
y x1 ... |
I have a couple of questions about regARIMA models:
What is the underlying principle of the R function auto.arima when xreg is different from NULL? Does it first perform a regression of the time series on the explanatory variables and then select the best ARIMA model for the residuals of the previous regression? If I ... |
Suppose that the number of accidents occurring at a particular intersection each week is a Poisson random variable. It is estimated that the probability of having at least one accident in a week, at the intersection, is 0.98.
Calculate the average number of accidents occurring each week at the intersection.
Thanks in ... |
Story (spoilers!)
The puzzle:
Chuck-a-Luck is a gambling game often played at carnivals and gambling
houses. A player may bet on any one of the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6. Three
dice are rolled. If the player's number appears on one, two, or three
of the dice, he receives respectively one, two, or three times his
o... |
A one-period jump diffusion model of a stock is the following: given the stock value at $T0$, $S(T0)$, the stock value at time $T$, $S(T) = S(T0)exp(x)exp(y)$. Given the inputs $m$, $s$, $pup$, $pdown$ and $\lambda$, and:
x is normally distributed with mean m and standard deviation s
y equals 0 with probability 1 – pu... |
I have a question as to which statistical test I need to use to accomplish this.
I have a population of 80 patients:
37 had procedure A
43 had procedure B
Of the 80 patients, 19 patients had recurrent disease:
13 had procedure A
6 had procedure B
How do I determine if having procedure A increases the risk of havin... |
My question is inspired by this post. However, its a bit more complicated than that to explain. I hope I succeed.
I work with RNA-Seq data on alternative splicing in plants. For this discussion, lets consider exon skipping events. Let $g_{1}, g_{2}, ..., g_{n}$ represent all genes that are expressed. A gene is expresse... |
The R command hist(pmax(rnorm(10),rnorm(10))) gives a histogram of random variable Y, where Y is the maximum observation of two independent Gaussians.
How can I mathematically determine the probability that Y is greater than zero?
How can I use a simulation to determine the probability that Y is greater than zero?
|
What are the usual assumptions for linear regression?
Do they include:
a linear relationship between the independent and dependent variable
independent errors
normal distribution of errors
homoscedasticity
Are there any others?
|
I have been quite happily using mixed effects models for a while now with longitudinal data. I wish I could fit AR relationships in lmer (I think I'm right that I can't do this?) but I don't think it's desperately important so I don't worry too much.
I've just come across generalized estimating equations (GEE), and the... |
Hi I am trying to check the existence of change points in the mean and in the variance using R. My data is not normally distributed, so I want to use the cusum test. Also I want the significance level to be 0.05.
I am trying to use the package "changepoints", but for change points in the mean I couldn't find a way of c... |
Is anyone aware of a statistics resource (preferably 20 to 40 pages maximum) that reviews basic stats for people who took statistics classes already?
This resource could be handed out as a refresher to those who need it. The reason why I'm not looking for a book is that I find that people will more likely read a 20/40 ... |
Because I would like to calculate the sample size for comparing the area under the curve (AUC) of 2 models (cross-sectional study, predictor = continuous variable). Can you point me which function in R solves it.
|
Is "unadjusted" basically just simple linear regression whereas "adjusted" is multiple regression? For example, looking at the effect of x on y adjusting for other variables like a, b and c versus not adjusting for them.
|
I am learning logistic regression from The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction, by Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome H. Friedman.
Suppose $G$ is a random variable representing response taking class label in $\{1,\ldots,K \}$, and $X$ is a random vector representing predictor ... |
Suppose I have two finite sets of data A and B, with equal length n.
What's the best upper and lower bound I can make on var(A+B), in terms of var(A) and var(B)?
|
Recently the media reported on a political poll that stated that "46% of Republican voters in Mississippi think that interracial marriage should be illegal". One example story (of many around the 'net) is this one from the NY Daily News: Interracial marriage should be illegal, say 46% of Mississippi Republicans in new... |
Using the sde package in R, I would like to simulate the following model for stock prices $p_t$:
$\mathrm{d}\sigma^2_t = (\theta_1 - \theta_2\sigma^2_t)\mathrm{d}t + \theta_3\sigma_t\mathrm{d}W_{\sigma,t}$ (CIR model used for stochastic volatility)
$\mathrm{d}\log{p_t} = \sigma_t\mathrm{d}W_{p,t}$
where correlation b... |
Context:
I am in the process of developing a scale for my thesis. My advisor has guided me to using SPSS PCA to complete my analyses. Initially we reduced my scale to 3 factors (her insistence), and we collected a second sample with the 3 factor scale. I have had issues with the 3 factors loading appropriately.
Part... |
If you want to estimate $E[y| x = \text{some value}]$ is this just a matter of plugging $x$ into the regression equation?
Because you estimate the regression coefficients, therefore the value you get is an estimate also?
|
My question is about analysis of signals with PCA in the frequency domain.
As frequency analysis offers a powerful tool for signal processing, does Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have any "well-known" advantages or usages in the frequency domain?
Can it be stated that PCA is doing a kind of "frequency analysis" ... |
I don't know whether this is a pure statistics, math or programming question so kindly let me know if there is a better place to post this question.
I am trying to implement the SIS epidemic model when the nodes have mobility. I understand how to perform this simulation in an analytical fashion. However, things get rat... |
I'm running a regression on independent variables, some of which are measured in different units, for example:
The amount of broadband connections in a country
The amount of broadband connections in a country per 100 people
Since the second is not perfectly correlated with the first (it is divided by the population d... |
I have been wanting to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a non-square matrix and I know that svd method is used.
But, given my poor background, I don't understand how to figure out eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the u, d and v matrices.
|
I have genes from four species of bacteria. I constructed an undirected graph from the sequence similarity between all the genes from these bacteria. Each node in the graph is a gene and each edge is the similarity between two genes. I partitioned this graph into subgraph clusters of similar genes using the MCL softwar... |
Context
I'm writing a few multiple choice practice questions and I'd like to store them in a simple plain text data format. I've previously used tab delimited, but that makes editing in a text editor a bit awkward. I'd like to use a format a bit like bibtex.
E.g.,
@Article{journals/aim/Sloman99,
title = "Review of... |
I generally come across scoring in logistic modeling (also other methods like discriminant analysis, etc.).
I want to know what is the use of scoring of individuals after running a logistic regression (or any other method). Can anybody suggest me some literature on the use of scoring?
|
I read wiki article about Apriori. I have the trouble in understanding the prune and Join step. Can anyone explain me how Apriori algorithm works in simple terms(such that Novice like me can understand easily)?
It will be good if someone explains the step by step process involved in it.
|
I am computing a very simple Kalman filter (random walk + noise model).
I find that the output of the filter is very similar to a moving average.
Is there an equivalence between the two?
If not, what is the difference?
|
My data is a sample of 3D axes collected over a curved surface.
I want to know whether these axes have preferential directions relative to the surface: i.e. whether their direction is preferentially either within the plane of the surface, or perpendicular to the plane of the surface (as opposed to a uniform spherical d... |
By the title, you must instantly think that it's a geometric probability distribution (or perhaps binomial, by the story below) that I'm looking for, but my stats is failing me. Allow me to put this as a story:
An office worker is given 13 phone numbers for technical support. Each phone number will reach one and only o... |
Following from this question on the difference between confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, I would love to have a simple example to better understand the the relationship between confidence intervals and p-values.
For example, if I have $r=.8768 (n=300)$, then it is significant at $0.05$.
The confidence inter... |
I have a set of integer series $S_1$, $S_2$, ... $S_n$. Each series has 3600 data points. Each data point is a positive integer. Each data point is stored as an unsigned int requiring 4 bytes. So, storing the entire series requires 4 * 3600 bytes. This is too large a size and these series need to be compressed.
The da... |
From a family pack skittles, some of the colours of different skittles are counted:
41 green,
48 purple
100 red
63 yellow.
Now I want to test if the probabilty of green is equal to the probability of purple; H0: P(green) = P(purple).
How do I test this is R?
Do I use a chi square test?
|
I have a dataset with about 2,000 binary variables/200,000 rows and I'm trying to predict a single binary dependent variable. My chief goal at this stage isn't getting accuracy of prediction, but rather to identify which of these variables are important predictors. I'd like to drop the number of variables in my final... |
I'm building a model in which several of my covariates live on a "circle", in the sense that they take values in the interval [0,1), and 0=1. I'm wondering about techniques for dealing with this situation. One idea is to represent a circular variable theta as a pair of variables ( sin(theta), cos(theta) ). Any thoug... |
I have a sample with little over 100 observations and 50 clusters, one quarter of which have only one observation. Is it correct to calculate clustered standard errors in a linear regression that uses this data or are there some requirements for minimum cluster size and sample size that I am violating? Any references i... |
Suppose that we have two points (the following figure: black circles) and we want to find a value for a third point between them (cross). Indeed we are going to estimate it based on our experimental results, the black points. The simplest case is to draw a line and then find the value (i.e., linear interpolation). If w... |
In many applications e.g, in mining engineering when we need to generate a map of dispersion of an element (e.g., copper) over the field of study, to depict depletion and concentration regions we have to apply estimation methods on the existing samples. Samples are dispersed everywhere: some parts appear to be more ran... |
For a prediction interval in linear regression you still use $\hat{E}[Y|x] = \hat{\beta_0}+\hat{\beta}_{1}x$ to generate the interval. You also use this to generate a confidence interval of $E[Y|x_0]$. What's the difference between the two?
|
Kernel based operations are common in a variety of applications, such as image processing (e.g., blurring), generating smoothed estimation maps, and so on. A common approach is to select four surrounding cells (see the following figure: A the green colored cells) then calculate the average value of them including the v... |
I had a question on the interaction depth parameter in gbm in R. This may be a noob question, for which I apologize, but how does the parameter, which I believe denotes the number of terminal nodes in a tree, basically indicate X-way interaction among the predictors? Just trying to understand how that works. Additional... |
In linear regression, is the $R^2$ value enough to assess whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is linear? It gives the amount of variability in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable. I know that you can plot residuals versus the x value or residuals versus the y... |
By (weak/strong) law of large numbers, given some iid sample points $\{x_i \in \mathbb{R}^n, i=1,\ldots,N\}$ of a distribution, their sample mean $f^*(\{x_i, i=1,\ldots,N\}):=\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N x_i $ converges to the distribution mean both in probability and a.s., as sample size $N$ goes to infinity.
When the sa... |
I have a model for predicting a trajectory (x as a function of time) with several parameters. At the moment, I calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted trajectory and the experimentally recorded trajectory. Currently, I minimise this difference (the RMSE) using simplex (fminsearch in matlab). W... |
If $g=f(x,y)$ is a function of independent random variables $x$ and $y$ then how do we arrive at the expression for the probability density function of $g$,
$$f_G(g) = \iint f_X(x)f_Y(y)\delta(g-f(x,y))\mbox{d}x\mbox{d}y\ ?$$
I have been looking at some statistics books but cannot find it. Neither am I able to derive ... |
I notice whenever I see an interaction plot for say a simple two factor ANOVA there are no error bars present, just the points for the estimated means. Is it ever appropriate to display error bars in an interaction plot for an ANOVA?
If yes when would you want to do this and how would they be calculated?
If no why n... |
First, I apologize for the bad image, but it's the best I can do with a mouse. Anyways, here it is:
So the data is skewed right, but the normal probability plot bends up and over what would be the approximate linear equation. According to different websites1, 2, a normal probability plot with data skewed right goes un... |
How can I calculate the confidence interval of a mean in a non-normally distributed sample?
I understand bootstrap methods are commonly used here, but I am open to other options. While I am looking for a non-parametric option, if someone can convince me that a parametric solution is valid that would be fine. The sample... |
I am measuring a concept (such as 'friendship') that is multidimensional in nature.
To capture the multidimensional nature of the concept, I have measured the concept through several aspects, each of which focus on one part (or dimension) of the concept.
Each aspect has several Likert scale items, which I have added to... |
I've been trying to understand how R's trimmed mean function works. I suspect it might be biased, but would like to get feedback here before I file a bug-report (if this is an inappropriate forum for such a question please let me know).
Consider the following example (sorted for clarity):
> x <- c(1, 2, 3, 45, 55, 56, ... |
I've come accross a term called "statistical efficiency of the median" in a paper and couldn't find any definition in the paper. From my search online, I found that this might mean relative efficiency of the median compared to the mean.
Can anyone shed some light to where I can look for clues?
|
We're working with some logistic regressions and we have realized that the average estimated probability always equals the proportion of ones in the sample; that is, the average of fitted values equals the average of the sample.
Can anybody explain me the reason or give me a reference where I can find this demonstratio... |
Again this question may be simple for you, but it is an important aspect for my classification problem. Let`s say I have 5 attributes, which are:
- previous_value_1
- previous_value_2
- previous_value_3
- previous_value_4
- previous_value_5
These attributes are generated with independent events, but I want to combine ... |
Following my earlier question here, is there a quick way (using Excel or SPSS) to ascertain/calculate the reliability of composite scores.
Reliability in this case is for me to say confidently (i.e. the ordinary not statistical meaning of this word!) that the composite score is consistently measuring the concept.
|
Context:
This is the design:
11 patients were examined for a "Response Parameter" before and after a specific treatment.
12 healthy control patients were examined for the "Response Parameter" (did not receive treatment).
The numbers included are rather small and the "Response Parameter" may not be normally distribute... |
Consider the normally distributed random vector
$$X \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu, \Sigma)$$
What is the distribution of $Y = f(X)$?
For general $f$ this is a challenging problem but for the affine linear case
$$f(x)_i = c_i + L_{ij}x_j$$
with $c$ a vector and $L$ a matrix. We know that this has a nice closed form. In fact,... |
Background
I usually do a fair amount of forecasting using ARIMA, linear or multivariate regressions, polynomial trends, etc. A lot of this forecasting is for simplistic use and not really basis for any decision making. I'm getting into forecasting and "advanced statistics" in general and would like to excel at forecas... |
I'm usually a UseR.
However, for didactic purposes I have to use SPSS today.
I have to specify a General linear model with ordinal structure because what I'm examining is:
Change in Likert scale scores (1,2,3,4,5) WITHIN people, BETWEEN intervention groups over 2 timepoints.
I can specify a full factorial model
* Gener... |
Description of the study:
I have observed a common error among meta-analyses, with regard to handling of within-study replication. It is not clear to me if the error invalidates the studies when assumptions are stated. However, as I understand it, these assumptions violate a basic premise of statistics.
As an example, ... |
I got this question on a test:
The average jumping distance for males between the ages of 20 to
30 is 6.5 feet with a standard deviation of 0.523 feet. What is the
probability, from a sample of 5 males between the ages of 20 to 30,
having a sample mean jumping distance between 6 and 7 feet.
I don't want you to ... |
I have the following challenge: The dataset has one dependent and one independent variable which are connected in a non-linear fashion. I am trying to give a more qualitative picture here because I am unsure how to handle the dataset.
Basically there are five regions from "one end to the other":
"Unstable" relationsh... |
My task is to test if there's change in covariance matrix of 6 variables. Values of 6 variables are measured twice from same subjects (3 years between measurements).
How can I do that? I've been doing most of my work using SAS.
|
I am conducting an orthopedic study to predict improvements in activity level (dependent variable) based on a type of self-efficacy scale (the independent variable). There are, however, other predictors that I wish to include in the model. All scales are continuous.
Since this study will be conducted longitudinally - i... |
I have heard that larger sample sizes in randomised trials lead to a smaller possibility of confounding.
Why is this true in the case of randomised trials?
Also, how does sample size of an observational study affect confounding?
|
I have studied some of these resources and I know that there is an R package called HMM. Could anybody explain the usefulness of the 'forward algorithm' with a simple example in R?
Finally, I find a good book which is
Hidden Markov Models for Time Series: An Introduction Using R (Chapman & Hall CRC Monographs on Statis... |
When dichotomising variables, what information is lost in the process?
How does a dichotomisation help in the analyses?
|
I have questions about a study I was reading. In this study about children and money, the relationship between the age of the children and their weekly pocket money was assessed. The researchers studied the relationship between age and pocket money on a scatter plot and added a linear regression model.
Why did they u... |
I have been trying to interpret the results below, but I am finding it difficult. I wonder if someone could help me. All answers highly appreciated.
Number of obs = 30
F( 2, 27) = 19.73
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.5937
Adj R-squared = 0.5637
|
Possible Duplicate:
Binomial confidence interval estimation - why is it not symmetric?
Are confidence intervals always symmetrical around the point estimate?
|
How do I compare d-prime scores from 2 different conditions for the same individual, using the d-primes and standard errors?
|
Is MATLAB better than R for time series analysis and forecasting or vice versa?
What other software is considered best for time series analysis?
|
Let say I have data in a shape:
[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,2,0,0,0,....] - so mainly zeros....
However I know how long is my 'signal' and how many counts are they.
Is it possible to find regions of non-randomness in it?
I assume that in my signal counts are spread in both random and non-random f... |
I am designing a health science experiment for uni and am focussing the study on measuring range of motion in a person's knee before and after they wear a copper bracelet. To measure the ROM, we are using a goniometer, which is a giant protractor with 2 arms that align with the angle of the joint to provide the degree ... |
I know how to use bootstrap re-sampling to find confidence intervals for in-sample error or R2:
# Bootstrap 95% CI for R-Squared
library(boot)
# function to obtain R-Squared from the data
rsq <- function(formula, data, indices) {
d <- data[indices,] # allows boot to select sample
fit <- lm(formula, data=d)
retu... |
I'm examining the growth rate of species en function of ion carbonate.
For each specie, I have different measured of ion carbonate, it can be in different temperature or pH.
For each measure, I'm doing graphics:
x - ion carbonate;
y - growth rate.
I know that for each measure I can have one of this models:
y=ax+b
y... |
I've just compared the ANOVA tables generated by SPSS and Statistica with the aov table provided by summary(aov.model). They yield identical between Subject effects (e.g., NativeLanguage(English vs Other), but different F ratios for within subject effects (e.g., Class(animate vs inanimate), aov F-ratios being consiste... |
I found this very interesting paper which I think provides some good guidance on testing the reliability of my formative measurement model - see earlier post.
The relevant information is on page 6 of the paper and I am quoting it below (because I know external links are unstable and should not be used for ongoing refe... |
I compute ridge regression results with Matlab, not using their implementation but simply computing (trans(X)X)+kI)^-1+trans(X)y as seen here. The given formula equals the ridge formula given in the link, just above "examples". "trans" stands for "transposed", "^" stands for "taken to the power of". "k" is equivalent t... |
I'll preface my question with the fact that I'm just learning about linear regression so I may be thinking about this wrong.
I have a set of data. In this set I have one dependent variable and about 10 independent variables and the data set is growing regularly. It's rows of data in database with 10 columns of indepen... |
Say I have two normal distributions A and B with means $\mu_A$ and $\mu_B$ and variances $\sigma_A$ and $\sigma_B$. I want to take a weighted mixture of these two distributions using weights $p$ and $q$ where $0\le p \le 1$ and $q = 1-p$. I know that the mean of this mixture would be $\mu_{AB} = (p\times\mu_A) + (q\tim... |
The Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro test, etc.... all reject the hypothesis that a distribution is normal. Yet when I plot the normal quantiles and and histogram, the data is clearly normal. Maybe because the power of the tests are high?
The sample size is around 650. So shouldn't at least one of these tests fail to ... |
Possible Duplicate:
How to interpret basic output from a regression analysis?
I am wondering what does the following stand for: F( 2, 27) = 19.73. As far as I understand his has to do with the F-test. I don't know how to interpret this.
Could someone please advice me.
|
I am trying to write a logistic classifier that will classify text tokens on a web page. One problem I am running into is the fact that their are many more negative instances of the tokens I am trying to classify then positive ones. My question is: what is the ratio of positive training data to negative training I shou... |
I have two (sparse) large matrices (~ 1million by 1million) and want to compute Mantel statistic to find correlation between them. To counter memory problems, I have computed the mantel statistic between their submatrices by random sampling. I now have a set of Mantel statistic and P-value scores for these pairs. How c... |
I'm not sure which method to use to model the relationship between two variables ($x$ and $y$) in the experiment described as follows:
There are 3 variables: $x_{aim}$, $x$ and $y$.
The value of $x_{aim}$ is set when operating the experiment. However, $x$ and $x_{aim}$ aren't always equal.
The Pearson's correlation co... |
Final edit with all resources updated:
For a project, I am applying machine learning algorithms for classification.
Challenge:
Quite limited labeled data and much more unlabeled data.
Goals:
Apply semi-supervised classification
Apply a somehow semi-supervised labeling process (known as active learning)
I've found a l... |
Background:
Previously on Cross Validated, we have had questions on:
What is best practice when preparing plots?
What are good tips available online for plotting two numeric variables?
It was suggested by @david in the comments to this question that we should have a community wiki question with one visualization rul... |
I have a number of categories and a bunch of data about pairwise comparisons between those two categories; how do I learn information about overall rankings/ratings/etc. of all the categories?
Let me provide more detail. I'm trying to learn what the general population is most worried about, by surveying them. I have ... |
Which is the better scenario in terms of probability with the following:
Scenario 1
I have a hat with 5 tickets in it (I have one).
There is one single draw.
I have a 20% chance that my ticket is drawn.
Scenario 2
I have a hat with 25 tickets in it (I have one).
There are 5 draws.
After each draw the ticket is retur... |
My questions are:
What are the benefits of kernel trick? Can anyone summarize?
One thing I read about in one lecture note is , 'we never need to explicitly represent feature vectors'.
I do not quite understand what 'explicitly represent' means. Can any one explain? I saw it here, at page 16.
PS: if it is appropriat... |
I have two large (sparse) matrices (500000*500000) and would like to perform the mantel test to get a similarity measure.
Is there a way to break-up these matrices into smaller ones and perform the test?
Or can you suggest a way to do it efficiently without running into memory problems?
|
I am trying to test some results I have for significance. It has been recommended that I use R and I am completely new to this.
Set-up:
Groups: two groups of 8 subjects (16 total)
Two conditions: alert and passive
Measurements: responses for three different stimuli (A, B, and C) measured in each condition
Experiment:... |
I have a small doubt in the way estimators are defined. We have a sequence of data points
$X^{(1)}, X^{(2)}, ... , X^{(n)}$. We then define an estimator as a function of these data points. When calculating the bias of an estimator we find the expectation of this function of
"random variables".
But are $X^{(1)}, X^{(2)... |
This is a second question related to previous post:
Is this mixed ANOVA correctly specified in R?
To reiterate, the setup is as follows:
Groups: two groups of 8 subjects (16 total)
Two conditions: alert and passive
Measurements: responses for three different stimuli (A, B, and C) measured in each condition
Experiment... |
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