input stringlengths 1 1.37k | output dict | schema dict |
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Immunostaining and confocal analysis | {
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DNA labelling and staining with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU labelling and detection kit I; Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. | {
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The nucleoli were detected with an anti-nucleolin antibody (clone 3G4B2; Upstate biotechnology, Lake Placid, NY) on cells fixed in 2% formalin for 10 min followed by permeabilization with ice-cold methanol for 30 min. | {
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The secondary antibody used for both BrdU and nucleoli staining was a rhodamine (tetra-methyl)-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody (T-2762) from Molecular Probe (Eugene, OR). | {
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The cells were examined in a Zeiss LSM 510 laser scanning microscope equipped with a Plan-Apochromate 63x/1.4 oil immersion objective. | {
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We used the 488 nm laser line for excitation of EGFP (detected at 505 nm < lambdaEGFP < 530 nm) and the 543 nm laser line for rhodamine (tetra-methyl) (detected at lambdaRhodamine > 560 nm). | {
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ECFP fusion protein was excited with a 458 nm laser line (detected at 480 nm < lambdaECFP < 520 nm), EYFP fusion protein was excited with a 514 nm laser line (lambdaEGFP > 560 nm) and HcRed fusion protein was excited with a 543 nm laser line and detected at >585 or 650 nm. | {
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The images were from 1 mum thick slices of the cells. | {
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The images were exported into Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA). | {
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Transcripts Upregulated in ST-HSC Compared to LT-HSC | {
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"start": 27,
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{
"text": "LT-HSC",
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}
} | {
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(181 KB XLS) | {
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Results | {
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"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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OFTT was given to 33 men with MetS (defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III), 17 HTN and 14 healthy men. | {
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"label": "organism_subdivision",
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{
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"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The MetS group was further divided according to fasting triglycerides (TG) into TG >= 150 [MetS+TG, (n = 22)] or <150 mg/dl [MetS-TG (n = 11)], and into those with or without hypertension [MetS+HTN (n = 24), MetS-HTN (n = 9), respectively]. | {
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} | {
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"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
TG concentrations were measured before and at 4, 6 and 8 h after OFTT and the postprandial response was quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) for TG. | {
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} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The postprandial response was significantly higher in MetS compared to HTN and healthy men [AUC (SD) in mg/dl/h; 2534 +/- 1016 vs. 1620 +/- 494 and 1019 +/- 280, respectively, p <= 0.001]. | {
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} | {
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The TG levels were increased significantly in MetS+TG compared to MetS-TG subjects at 4 (p = 0.022), 6 (p < 0.001) and 8 hours (p < 0.001). | {
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} | {
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"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The TG were increased significantly in MetS-TG compared to healthy subjects at 4 (p = 0.011), 6 (p = 0.001) and 8 hours (p = 0.015). | {
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} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
In linear regression analysis only fasting TG levels were a significant predictor of the AUC (Coefficient B = 8.462, p < 0.001). | {
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"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Conclusions | {
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Only after careful consideration of the biological underpinnings of a truly beneficial response can an exposure be considered for the general population, such as the addition of folic acid to cereals. | {
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If a toxic or hazardous pollutant were found to have truly beneficial effects at low dose, then that agent should be tested clinically, go through the U.S. | {
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process, and be regulated as a pharmaceutical for those who might benefit from its use. | {
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Certainly, the general population should not be exposed to chemotherapeutic agents that benefit cancer patients. | {
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"cancer": [
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"text": "cancer",
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}
} | {
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For pharmaceuticals, it is understood that there are trade offs between benefits and risks. | {
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For example, although aspirin is a generally well-tolerated pain reliever and is increasingly advocated as a preventative tool for heart attacks and colorectal cancer (Vainio and Miller 2003; Werner et al. 2004), it is also linked to increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage (Werner et al. 2004),... | {
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"text": "heart",
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{
"text": "cerebral",
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],
"cancer": [
{
"text": "colorectal cancer",
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... | {
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In addition, aspirin is not recommended for children or teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flulike symptoms because it can cause debilitating and sometimes lethal Reyes syndrome (U.S. FDA 2003). | {
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Individual risks to pharmaceutical agents can be controlled with proper usage; however, increased exposure to environmental toxins presents additional involuntary risks for the general population. | {
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Under the latter condition, exposure is inadequately controlled, and there is no mechanism to correct for individual circumstances (e.g., medical condition or age) that may result in harm. | {
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Although hormetic effects may occur in some instances, it is indeed rare that exposures to toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic chemicals, even at low exposure levels, would be risk free and provide health benefits for the general public. | {
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Portraying chemicals with numerous adverse effects as having benefits while ignoring their hazards is irresponsible and does not provide full and objective disclosure. | {
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In the 1950s doctors prescribed DES to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage and premature births and to produce "bigger and stronger babies" even though DES had been shown to cause damage to reproductive tissues in animals (Dinusson et al. 1948; Dunn and Green 1963; Takasugi and Bern 1964). | {
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Human use of DES was banned in the United States in 1971 after the discovery of high rates of rare, clear-cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina and cervix in DES-exposed daughters (Herbst 1981), and later studies showed elevated breast cancer risk in women who took DES during pregnancy (Titus-Ernstoff et al. 2001). | {
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"text": "breast cancer",
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"multi_tissue_structure": [
{
"text": "vagina",
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... | {
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Certainly, health policy decisions should be based on scientific evidence and not on speculation of health benefits in order for the general population to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past similar to that of the DES tragedy. | {
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The claims and projections of health benefits from exposures to environmental toxicants and carcinogens are based on untested assumptions and disregard numerous well-established scientific principles that underpin a public health-protective approach to regulating exposure to toxic substances. | {
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{
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If hormesis were used in the decision-making process to allow higher exposures to toxic and carcinogenic agents, this would substantially increase health risks for many, if not most, segments of the general population. | {
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"entities": [
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{
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Measured analytes in five biologic sample matrices.a | {
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Competing interests | {
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"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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None declared. | {
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"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
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"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
This article is the third in an ongoing, educational review series on medical statistics in critical care. | {
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{
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Previous articles have covered 'presenting and summarising data' [3] and 'samples and populations' [4]. | {
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Future topics to be covered include power calculations, comparison of means, comparison of proportions, and analysis of survival data to name but a few. | {
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} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
If there is a medical statistics topic you would like explained contact us on editorial@ccforum.com . | {
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{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Results | {
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"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
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The set of E. coli expression vectors, encode for either a hexa-histidine tag or the three most commonly used solubility tags (GST, MBP, NusA) and all with an N-terminal hexa-histidine sequence. | {
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{
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The result is two-fold: the His-tag facilitates purification by immobilised metal affinity chromatography, whilst the fusion domains act primarily as solubility aids during expression, in addition to providing an optional purification step. | {
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} | {
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{
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"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
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"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
We have also incorporated a TEV recognition sequence following the solubility tag domain, which allows for highly specific cleavage (using TEV protease) of the fusion protein to yield native protein. | {
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} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
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{
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These vectors are also designed for ligation-independent cloning and they possess a high-level expressing T7 promoter, which is suitable for auto-induction. | {
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} | {
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{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
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To validate our vector system, we have cloned four different genes and also one gene into all four vectors and used small-scale expression and purification techniques. | {
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"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
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{
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We demonstrate that the vectors are capable of high levels of expression and that efficient screening of new proteins can be readily achieved at the laboratory level. | {
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} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Inflammation-modulating effect of antithrombin on the endothelium. | {
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{
"text": "endothelium",
"start": 54,
"end": 65
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]
}
} | {
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{
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Ligation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) of endothelium with antithrombin (AT) induces cellular signalling events that alter the cell's biochemical and functional responses to inflammatory stimuli (e.g. bacterial lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). | {
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"text": "endothelium",
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],
"cell": [
{
"text": "cellular",
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"end": 104
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{
"text": "cell",
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]
}
} | {
"entities": [
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{
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Changes include reduced release of inflammatory and procoagulatory mediators (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha[TNF]), tissue factor (TF), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and cellular adhesion molecules (not shown), as well as increased release of anticoagulatory prostacyclin (prostaglandin [PG]I)... | {
"entities": {
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{
"text": "cellular",
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]
}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
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In neuronal tissue, protective mechanisms may by mediated via the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide with the potential to affect prostacyclin release [55]. | {
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"tissue": [
{
"text": "neuronal tissue",
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]
}
} | {
"entities": [
{
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"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
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{
"label": "anatomical_system",
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Background | {
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{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Hallucinations may occur in any sensory modalities. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Formed musical hallucinations (i.e. Perception of either vocal or instrumental melodies) reported in English literature to date have typically been associated with marked hearing loss, advanced age, female sex (71%), lack of response to treatment and associated psychopathology [1] but has been concluded that hearing lo... | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Tumor like Astrocytoma, Temporal lobe epilepsy, raised intra cranial tension, drug induced (tricyclics, Propronolol etc ;), meningitis and psychotic illness were shown to cause palinacousis and musical hallucinations [2,3]. | {
"entities": {
"cancer": [
{
"text": "Tumor",
"start": 0,
"end": 5
},
{
"text": "Astrocytoma",
"start": 11,
"end": 22
}
],
"multi_tissue_structure": [
{
"text": "Temporal lobe",
"start": 24,
"end": 37
... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Musical hallucinations are pseudo hallucinations that originate in memory representations and they may undergo a transition to true hallucination. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
In musical hallucination spatial projection is less definite. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Sometimes they are perceived like the tinnitus in patient's own head. | {
"entities": {
"organism_subdivision": [
{
"text": "head",
"start": 64,
"end": 68
}
]
}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The quality is usually very intense and distinct often very loud. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
They vary from elementary sounds to instrumental music, vocal music, bird songs, bells, pieces of melodies or sentences, religious music etc:- We report an unusual presentation of an elderly lady who had experienced musical hallucinations whilst being treated with Electro Convulsive Therapy. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Though this has never been reported earlier, there seemed to have a good association between the initiation of Electro convulsive therapy and musical hallucination in our patient. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Correlation between sperm morphology and seminal plasma NO (a) and TBARS (b) levels in both groups. | {
"entities": {
"cell": [
{
"text": "sperm",
"start": 20,
"end": 25
}
],
"organism_substance": [
{
"text": "seminal plasma",
"start": 41,
"end": 55
}
]
}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Conclusion | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The survey indicated that, the study area has plenty of medicinal plants to treat a wide spectrum of human ailments. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Earlier studies on traditional medicinal plants also revealed that the economically backward local and tribal people of Tamil Nadu prefer folk medicine due to low cost and sometimes it is a part of their social life and culture [40-45]. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
It is evident from the interviews conducted in different villages, knowledge of medicinal plants is limited to traditional healers, herbalists and elderly persons who are living in rural areas. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
This study also points out that certain species of medicinal plants are being exploited by the local residents who are unaware of the importance of medicinal plants in the ecosystem. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
This study concluded that even though the accessibility of Western medicine for simple and complicated diseases is available, many people in the studied parts of Kancheepuram district is still continue to depend on medicinal plants, at least for the treatment of some simple diseases such as, cold, cough, fever, headach... | {
"entities": {
"organism_substance": [
{
"text": "poison",
"start": 323,
"end": 329
}
],
"organ": [
{
"text": "skin",
"start": 337,
"end": 341
},
{
"text": "tooth",
"start": 355,
"end": 360
}
]... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Well-knowledged healers have good interactions with patients and this would improve the quality of healthcare delivery. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The present-day traditional healers are very old. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Due to lack of interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency to migrate to cities for lucrative jobs, there is a possibility of losing this wealth of knowledge in the near future. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
It thus becomes necessary to acquire and preserve this traditional system of medicine by proper documentation and identification of specimens. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Figures and Tables | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Figure 1 | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Modular crosstalking in synthetic gene networks. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
A promoter with binding sites for lambda cI dimers (OR1 and OR2) and for the lac repressor (Olac) controls the production of the lac repressor (encoded by lacI) in module 1 and lambda cI (encoded by cI) in module 2. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The lac repressor and lambda cI dimers are represented by blue ellipsoids and red circles, respectively. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
When the two modules are put together, two pairs of lambda cI dimers bound at different operators can loop DNA and octamerize, forming a tetramer of dimers. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Comparison of the Predicted Irr Regulon and ICE Motifs with the Published Expression Microarray Data for Iron- and Irr-Affected Genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Mass casualty estimation on a geographic basis | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) has expended considerable effort to develop models for calculating mass casualties from a nuclear detonation. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
In order to specifically evaluate urban medical systems vulnerability we are employing the PC based Consequence Assessment Tool Set (CATS) v6, with ESRI's ArcGIS9 [14], CATS/JACE (Joint Assessment of Catastrophic Events) v5 with ESRI's ArcView 3.3, Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) V4.04SP3 [15], as we... | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
HPAC does excellent Chemical Biological and Nuclear (CBN) modeling, although output could provide more flexibility. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Additionally, results can be exported to CATS for further analysis and display. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
All three programs can access the current weather data from both classified and unclassified weather servers. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Examples of uses of CATS/HPAC are hurricane, tidal surge and earthquake damage, prediction of the results from nuclear, biological and chemical releases, assessment of persons and infrastructure affected and at risk (e.g. which hospitals and pharmacies are under a CBN plume and are thus out of commission), and mobiliza... | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
These models have been, and continue to be, developed with a view to better estimating the impact of WMD weapons in an offensive setting. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
However, recent DTRA enhancements and our modifications have facilitated their use in helping estimate potential casualties from a WMD terrorist incident. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
One area of intense interest, and somewhat of a vacuum in public health planning, has been the utility of this approach in estimating medical care vulnerabilities in such an attack, and for the calculation of the distribution of surviving medical care resources. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
While much work has already occurred in estimating the impact of chemical weapons (due to the dual use in chemical spill management from transportation and industrial accidents), or in nuclear power plant accident management, much less research and development has gone into estimating the impact on our civilian populat... | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The models already calculate such factors as the impact of blast, thermal effects and fallout, but results are often not available at the detail level needed for civil defense purposes, casualty management, and planning the use of scarce health resources in response to a nuclear weapon detonation. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Furthermore, the models do not readily facilitate the calculation of injuries from multiple effects such as burns and blast with fallout or prompt radiation. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The complexity of the urban three-dimensional landscape and its local impact on thermal, blast and radiation is also poorly understood. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
Additionally, given their traditional world-wide focus, and the increased sensitivity to providing information on the U.S.A. of use to terrorists, the models do not provide detailed or current data that exists for the United States that would help provide better casualty estimates and response. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
The models can be customized locally and data updated if the user has sufficient expertise. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
However, there is often a significant duplication of effort due to overlapping jurisdictions and the lack of data sharing due to security and other considerations. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
CATS and HPAC are also useful for creating realistic scenarios for training and planning before a disaster strikes, thus enabling responders to drill and exercise so they know roughly what to expect and how to react. | {
"entities": {}
} | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "organism_subdivision",
"description": "A subdivision of a whole organism containing components of multiple anatomical systems, such as a head, limb, or hand."
},
{
"label": "anatomical_system",
"description": "A group of anatomical structures that collec... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
AnatEM
The Anatomical Entity Mention (AnatEM) corpus v1.0.2, converted to MNEB's
character-offset format: one record per sentence, with output.entities grouping
gold mentions by label and schema.entities listing the twelve anatomical types
and their descriptions.
| split | sentences | annotated sentences | entity mentions |
|---|---|---|---|
| train | 5,861 | 3,514 | 6,946 |
| validation | 2,118 | 1,122 | 2,139 |
| test | 3,830 | 2,308 | 4,616 |
Sentences with no annotation are kept and carry an empty entities object.
Converted from the release's nersuite/ BIO files, which carry each token's
character offsets into the matching standoff/*.txt document, so input is
sliced from the original text rather than rebuilt from tokens. The mention counts
above match the corpus standoff annotations for these twelve types exactly. The
release's train/devel/test document partitions are used as-is, with devel
published as validation.
Labels are the corpus types lowercased, with Multi-tissue_structure written
multi_tissue_structure.
License and attribution
The AnatEM annotations are licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. The texts are PubMed abstracts and PubMed Central Open Access Subset full-text extracts; see the PMC version of each article for its specific license terms.
Please attribute the corpus by citing the paper and linking to http://nactem.ac.uk/anatomytagger/:
Sampo Pyysalo and Sophia Ananiadou (2013). Anatomical Entity Mention Recognition at Literature Scale. Bioinformatics.
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