Datasets:

mohitg2
/

SenAffLex-Provo

# Processed Provo Corpus — Licensing, Attribution, and Citation

**Repository:** AffLex-Provo  
**Research Program:** AffLex-Provo  
**Computational Processing and Development:** Mohit Gupta  
**Institution:** University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  
**Year:** 2026  

**Repository URL:**  
https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohitg2/AffLex-Provo

---

## 1. Overview

This directory contains intermediate research datasets
generated through computational preprocessing of the
Provo Corpus as part of the AffLex-Provo research program.

The datasets were processed and prepared by Mohit Gupta
using computational procedures developed for the project.

The processing workflow includes data cleaning,
standardization, restructuring, validation, preparation
of predictability information, vocabulary matching,
and lemmatization-related analyses.

These intermediate datasets support subsequent integration
of lexical, affective, and eye-movement information for
psycholinguistic research.

The datasets contain information derived from previously
published research resources. Accordingly, original
computational contributions and underlying third-party
data are distinguished throughout this document.

---

## 2. Dataset Inventory

This directory contains four processed or derived datasets.

| File | Description | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| `1_Provo_Norming_Item_Level_Cloze.csv` | Processed item-level cloze predictability data derived from the Provo Corpus. | Data preparation, restructuring, and validation. |
| `2_processed_Provo_Corpus.csv` | Processed token-level Provo Corpus prepared for statistical analysis and subsequent data integration. | Computational preprocessing, standardization, and validation. |
| `3_provo_missing_vocabulary_pre_lemmatization.csv` | Vocabulary coverage report identifying unmatched words before lemmatization. | Computational vocabulary matching and identification of coverage gaps. |
| `4_provo_missing_vocabulary_post_lemmatization.csv` | Vocabulary coverage report identifying unmatched words after lemmatization. | Lemmatization-related processing and vocabulary coverage analysis. |

All four files were processed or generated through the
AffLex-Provo computational research workflow.

The original Provo Corpus remains attributable to its
original creators.

---

## 3. Original Computational Contributions

The AffLex-Provo research workflow includes computational
contributions developed by Mohit Gupta.

These contributions include, where applicable:

1. Cleaning and standardization of source data.
2. Restructuring of item-level predictability information.
3. Preparation of token-level eye-tracking observations.
4. Validation of processed research datasets.
5. Vocabulary extraction and matching.
6. Identification of missing lexical entries.
7. Lemmatization-related vocabulary processing.
8. Generation of intermediate research datasets.
9. Preparation of data for subsequent lexical and
   affective integration.

These contributions are documented through the
corresponding research code and preprocessing notebooks.

The processing workflow does not imply ownership of
the original Provo Corpus or its underlying observations.

---

## 4. Licensing of Original Contributions

### 4.1 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

To the extent that the AffLex-Provo contributors possess
the necessary intellectual property rights, eligible
original contributions to the intermediate datasets
are made available under:

**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0)**

Official license:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Under this license, users may:

- Copy and redistribute licensed materials.
- Share licensed materials with other researchers.
- Adapt, transform, and build upon licensed materials.
- Incorporate licensed materials into new research.
- Use licensed materials for commercial or
  noncommercial purposes.

Users must comply with the applicable conditions
of CC BY 4.0, including appropriate attribution,
indicating modifications, and providing a link
to the license.

The license applies only to contributions for which
the AffLex-Provo contributors hold sufficient rights.

It does not override third-party intellectual property
rights or redistribution restrictions.

### 4.2 Scope of the License

The CC BY 4.0 license applies to eligible original
contributions developed through the AffLex-Provo
research workflow.

These may include original documentation, annotations,
and other protectable contributions incorporated into
the intermediate research materials.

The license does not automatically apply to:

- Original Provo Corpus observations.
- Original eye-tracking measurements.
- Original cloze predictability norms.
- Third-party lexical frequency data.
- Third-party affective norming data.
- Materials governed by incompatible source licenses.
- Contributions for which the project contributors
  do not possess the necessary licensing rights.

Mechanical processing, filtering, or restructuring
does not automatically create new copyright protection
in underlying factual data.

---

## 5. Original Provo Corpus Attribution

The intermediate datasets are derived primarily
from the Provo Corpus.

### Original Publication

Luke, S. G., & Christianson, K. (2018).

The Provo Corpus: A large eye-tracking corpus
with predictability norms.

*Behavior Research Methods, 50*, 826–833.

https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0908-4

### Original Data Rights

The Provo Corpus was developed by its original
research team.

Its underlying data remain subject to the applicable
rights, licenses, permissions, and distribution
conditions established by the relevant rights holders.

The AffLex-Provo project does not claim exclusive
ownership of the original Provo Corpus.

Processing, cleaning, restructuring, or transforming
the original data does not automatically transfer
ownership of the underlying source material.

Public redistribution of source-derived datasets
must comply with the applicable original permissions.

Researchers using Provo-derived information should
cite Luke and Christianson (2018).

---

## 6. Scholarly Citation of AffLex-Provo Contributions

### 6.1 Requested Citation

**If you use the original AffLex-Provo preprocessing
contributions, intermediate datasets, or associated
computational research resources in academic work,
please cite the corresponding AffLex-Provo publication.**

### Associated Research Publication

Gupta, M., & Christianson, K. (in press).

Beyond word length, frequency, and predictability:
Affective properties predict eye movement in reading.

*Reading Research Quarterly.*

**Publication status:** Accepted October 20, 2026.

**DOI:** Pending assignment.

The final citation and DOI will be updated when
the article becomes available online.

### 6.2 Citation Expectations

Researchers are encouraged to cite the associated
AffLex-Provo publication when using original
contributions from this repository in:

- Peer-reviewed research articles.
- Conference papers and presentations.
- Dissertations and theses.
- Research reports.
- Computational research projects.
- Dataset integration studies.
- Reproducibility and replication studies.
- Methodological research.

Researchers should also cite the original publications
associated with any third-party datasets they use.

### 6.3 Attribution Versus Academic Citation

CC BY 4.0 requires appropriate attribution of
licensed material.

However, its attribution requirements do not
necessarily require a formal bibliographic citation
of the associated research article.

The request to cite the AffLex-Provo publication
is a scholarly citation expectation and is separate
from the legally enforceable conditions of CC BY 4.0.

This document does not impose an additional
publication-citation condition beyond the
standard CC BY 4.0 license.

---

## 7. Recommended Attribution Statement

When using original AffLex-Provo contributions,
researchers are encouraged to acknowledge the
processing work using a statement such as:

> The intermediate research data were prepared using
> computational preprocessing resources developed
> by Mohit Gupta as part of the AffLex-Provo research
> program at the University of Illinois
> Urbana-Champaign.

When the underlying Provo Corpus is used, researchers
should additionally acknowledge its original creators.

Suggested acknowledgment:

> The research data were derived from the Provo Corpus
> (Luke & Christianson, 2018) and processed using
> computational resources developed for the
> AffLex-Provo research program
> (Gupta & Christianson, in press).

These statements are suggested acknowledgments,
not mandatory wording.

---

## 8. Redistribution and Derivative Works

Users may redistribute or adapt eligible original
AffLex-Provo contributions in accordance with
their applicable licenses.

When redistributing or adapting licensed materials,
users must comply with the relevant license conditions.

For CC BY 4.0 materials, these include:

1. Providing appropriate attribution.
2. Providing a link to the CC BY 4.0 license.
3. Indicating whether modifications were made.
4. Not implying endorsement by the original creators.
5. Not imposing additional restrictions that conflict
   with the license.

Third-party materials remain subject to their
respective original terms.

Users must independently ensure that any redistribution
of source-derived data is authorized.

The CC BY 4.0 license in this document does not
constitute permission to redistribute third-party
materials where such permission has not been granted.

---

## 9. Research Reproducibility

The intermediate datasets were generated through
the AffLex-Provo computational preprocessing pipeline.

The corresponding preprocessing scripts and notebooks
document the procedures used to prepare the datasets.

Researchers are encouraged to consult these materials
when reproducing or extending the processing workflow.

The availability of processed datasets does not
eliminate the need to acknowledge the original
research resources from which they were derived.

Where source-data redistribution is restricted,
researchers should obtain the original materials
through their authorized distribution channels.

---

## 10. Additional Source Citations

The broader AffLex-Provo research program also uses
lexical frequency and affective norming resources.

These include:

- SUBTLEX-US.
- Warriner et al. (2013) affective norms.

The corresponding original publications and
attribution information are documented in:

[Mandatory Citations](../01-Raw/MandatoryCitations.md)

Researchers should cite the source publications
relevant to the specific data used in their work.

---

## 11. Citation and Licensing Updates

This document may be updated to reflect:

- Assignment of the AffLex-Provo publication DOI.
- Publication of additional associated research papers.
- Verification of third-party licensing conditions.
- Changes to documentation.
- Release of additional processed datasets.
- Identification of specific dataset versions.

Any updates to licensing statements will respect
previously granted permissions and applicable
third-party rights.

---

## 12. Repository Information

**Repository:** AffLex-Provo

**Research Program:** AffLex-Provo

**Computational Processing:** Mohit Gupta

**Institution:** University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

**Repository URL:**
https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohitg2/AffLex-Provo

**Associated Journal:** Reading Research Quarterly

**Last Updated:** October 2026

---

## 13. Important Legal Notice

This document identifies the intended licensing
and attribution arrangements for original
AffLex-Provo contributions.

It does not establish ownership of third-party
datasets or grant permissions beyond those
held by the applicable rights holders.

The presence of a dataset in this repository
does not necessarily indicate that all its
contents are independently licensed under
CC BY 4.0.

Users must comply with all applicable
third-party licenses and permissions.

	# Processed Provo Corpus — Licensing, Attribution, and Citation

	Repository: AffLex-Provo
	Research Program: AffLex-Provo
	Computational Processing and Development: Mohit Gupta
	Institution: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
	Year: 2026

	Repository URL:
	https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohitg2/AffLex-Provo

	---

	## 1. Overview

	This directory contains intermediate research datasets
	generated through computational preprocessing of the
	Provo Corpus as part of the AffLex-Provo research program.

	The datasets were processed and prepared by Mohit Gupta
	using computational procedures developed for the project.

	The processing workflow includes data cleaning,
	standardization, restructuring, validation, preparation
	of predictability information, vocabulary matching,
	and lemmatization-related analyses.

	These intermediate datasets support subsequent integration
	of lexical, affective, and eye-movement information for
	psycholinguistic research.

	The datasets contain information derived from previously
	published research resources. Accordingly, original
	computational contributions and underlying third-party
	data are distinguished throughout this document.

	---

	## 2. Dataset Inventory

	This directory contains four processed or derived datasets.

	\| File \| Description \| Contribution \|
	\|---\|---\|---\|
	\| `1_Provo_Norming_Item_Level_Cloze.csv` \| Processed item-level cloze predictability data derived from the Provo Corpus. \| Data preparation, restructuring, and validation. \|
	\| `2_processed_Provo_Corpus.csv` \| Processed token-level Provo Corpus prepared for statistical analysis and subsequent data integration. \| Computational preprocessing, standardization, and validation. \|
	\| `3_provo_missing_vocabulary_pre_lemmatization.csv` \| Vocabulary coverage report identifying unmatched words before lemmatization. \| Computational vocabulary matching and identification of coverage gaps. \|
	\| `4_provo_missing_vocabulary_post_lemmatization.csv` \| Vocabulary coverage report identifying unmatched words after lemmatization. \| Lemmatization-related processing and vocabulary coverage analysis. \|

	All four files were processed or generated through the
	AffLex-Provo computational research workflow.

	The original Provo Corpus remains attributable to its
	original creators.

	---

	## 3. Original Computational Contributions

	The AffLex-Provo research workflow includes computational
	contributions developed by Mohit Gupta.

	These contributions include, where applicable:

	1. Cleaning and standardization of source data.
	2. Restructuring of item-level predictability information.
	3. Preparation of token-level eye-tracking observations.
	4. Validation of processed research datasets.
	5. Vocabulary extraction and matching.
	6. Identification of missing lexical entries.
	7. Lemmatization-related vocabulary processing.
	8. Generation of intermediate research datasets.
	9. Preparation of data for subsequent lexical and
	affective integration.

	These contributions are documented through the
	corresponding research code and preprocessing notebooks.

	The processing workflow does not imply ownership of
	the original Provo Corpus or its underlying observations.

	---

	## 4. Licensing of Original Contributions

	### 4.1 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

	To the extent that the AffLex-Provo contributors possess
	the necessary intellectual property rights, eligible
	original contributions to the intermediate datasets
	are made available under:

	**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
	(CC BY 4.0)**

	Official license:

	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

	Under this license, users may:

	- Copy and redistribute licensed materials.
	- Share licensed materials with other researchers.
	- Adapt, transform, and build upon licensed materials.
	- Incorporate licensed materials into new research.
	- Use licensed materials for commercial or
	noncommercial purposes.

	Users must comply with the applicable conditions
	of CC BY 4.0, including appropriate attribution,
	indicating modifications, and providing a link
	to the license.

	The license applies only to contributions for which
	the AffLex-Provo contributors hold sufficient rights.

	It does not override third-party intellectual property
	rights or redistribution restrictions.

	### 4.2 Scope of the License

	The CC BY 4.0 license applies to eligible original
	contributions developed through the AffLex-Provo
	research workflow.

	These may include original documentation, annotations,
	and other protectable contributions incorporated into
	the intermediate research materials.

	The license does not automatically apply to:

	- Original Provo Corpus observations.
	- Original eye-tracking measurements.
	- Original cloze predictability norms.
	- Third-party lexical frequency data.
	- Third-party affective norming data.
	- Materials governed by incompatible source licenses.
	- Contributions for which the project contributors
	do not possess the necessary licensing rights.

	Mechanical processing, filtering, or restructuring
	does not automatically create new copyright protection
	in underlying factual data.

	---

	## 5. Original Provo Corpus Attribution

	The intermediate datasets are derived primarily
	from the Provo Corpus.

	### Original Publication

	Luke, S. G., & Christianson, K. (2018).

	The Provo Corpus: A large eye-tracking corpus
	with predictability norms.

	Behavior Research Methods, 50, 826–833.

	https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0908-4

	### Original Data Rights

	The Provo Corpus was developed by its original
	research team.

	Its underlying data remain subject to the applicable
	rights, licenses, permissions, and distribution
	conditions established by the relevant rights holders.

	The AffLex-Provo project does not claim exclusive
	ownership of the original Provo Corpus.

	Processing, cleaning, restructuring, or transforming
	the original data does not automatically transfer
	ownership of the underlying source material.

	Public redistribution of source-derived datasets
	must comply with the applicable original permissions.

	Researchers using Provo-derived information should
	cite Luke and Christianson (2018).

	---

	## 6. Scholarly Citation of AffLex-Provo Contributions

	### 6.1 Requested Citation

	**If you use the original AffLex-Provo preprocessing
	contributions, intermediate datasets, or associated
	computational research resources in academic work,
	please cite the corresponding AffLex-Provo publication.**

	### Associated Research Publication

	Gupta, M., & Christianson, K. (in press).

	Beyond word length, frequency, and predictability:
	Affective properties predict eye movement in reading.

	Reading Research Quarterly.

	Publication status: Accepted October 20, 2026.

	DOI: Pending assignment.

	The final citation and DOI will be updated when
	the article becomes available online.

	### 6.2 Citation Expectations

	Researchers are encouraged to cite the associated
	AffLex-Provo publication when using original
	contributions from this repository in:

	- Peer-reviewed research articles.
	- Conference papers and presentations.
	- Dissertations and theses.
	- Research reports.
	- Computational research projects.
	- Dataset integration studies.
	- Reproducibility and replication studies.
	- Methodological research.

	Researchers should also cite the original publications
	associated with any third-party datasets they use.

	### 6.3 Attribution Versus Academic Citation

	CC BY 4.0 requires appropriate attribution of
	licensed material.

	However, its attribution requirements do not
	necessarily require a formal bibliographic citation
	of the associated research article.

	The request to cite the AffLex-Provo publication
	is a scholarly citation expectation and is separate
	from the legally enforceable conditions of CC BY 4.0.

	This document does not impose an additional
	publication-citation condition beyond the
	standard CC BY 4.0 license.

	---

	## 7. Recommended Attribution Statement

	When using original AffLex-Provo contributions,
	researchers are encouraged to acknowledge the
	processing work using a statement such as:

	> The intermediate research data were prepared using
	> computational preprocessing resources developed
	> by Mohit Gupta as part of the AffLex-Provo research
	> program at the University of Illinois
	> Urbana-Champaign.

	When the underlying Provo Corpus is used, researchers
	should additionally acknowledge its original creators.

	Suggested acknowledgment:

	> The research data were derived from the Provo Corpus
	> (Luke & Christianson, 2018) and processed using
	> computational resources developed for the
	> AffLex-Provo research program
	> (Gupta & Christianson, in press).

	These statements are suggested acknowledgments,
	not mandatory wording.

	---

	## 8. Redistribution and Derivative Works

	Users may redistribute or adapt eligible original
	AffLex-Provo contributions in accordance with
	their applicable licenses.

	When redistributing or adapting licensed materials,
	users must comply with the relevant license conditions.

	For CC BY 4.0 materials, these include:

	1. Providing appropriate attribution.
	2. Providing a link to the CC BY 4.0 license.
	3. Indicating whether modifications were made.
	4. Not implying endorsement by the original creators.
	5. Not imposing additional restrictions that conflict
	with the license.

	Third-party materials remain subject to their
	respective original terms.

	Users must independently ensure that any redistribution
	of source-derived data is authorized.

	The CC BY 4.0 license in this document does not
	constitute permission to redistribute third-party
	materials where such permission has not been granted.

	---

	## 9. Research Reproducibility

	The intermediate datasets were generated through
	the AffLex-Provo computational preprocessing pipeline.

	The corresponding preprocessing scripts and notebooks
	document the procedures used to prepare the datasets.

	Researchers are encouraged to consult these materials
	when reproducing or extending the processing workflow.

	The availability of processed datasets does not
	eliminate the need to acknowledge the original
	research resources from which they were derived.

	Where source-data redistribution is restricted,
	researchers should obtain the original materials
	through their authorized distribution channels.

	---

	## 10. Additional Source Citations

	The broader AffLex-Provo research program also uses
	lexical frequency and affective norming resources.

	These include:

	- SUBTLEX-US.
	- Warriner et al. (2013) affective norms.

	The corresponding original publications and
	attribution information are documented in:

	[Mandatory Citations](../01-Raw/MandatoryCitations.md)

	Researchers should cite the source publications
	relevant to the specific data used in their work.

	---

	## 11. Citation and Licensing Updates

	This document may be updated to reflect:

	- Assignment of the AffLex-Provo publication DOI.
	- Publication of additional associated research papers.
	- Verification of third-party licensing conditions.
	- Changes to documentation.
	- Release of additional processed datasets.
	- Identification of specific dataset versions.

	Any updates to licensing statements will respect
	previously granted permissions and applicable
	third-party rights.

	---

	## 12. Repository Information

	Repository: AffLex-Provo

	Research Program: AffLex-Provo

	Computational Processing: Mohit Gupta

	Institution: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

	Repository URL:
	https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohitg2/AffLex-Provo

	Associated Journal: Reading Research Quarterly

	Last Updated: October 2026

	---

	## 13. Important Legal Notice

	This document identifies the intended licensing
	and attribution arrangements for original
	AffLex-Provo contributions.

	It does not establish ownership of third-party
	datasets or grant permissions beyond those
	held by the applicable rights holders.

	The presence of a dataset in this repository
	does not necessarily indicate that all its
	contents are independently licensed under
	CC BY 4.0.

	Users must comply with all applicable
	third-party licenses and permissions.