Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systems
Paper • 2605.04018 • Published • 41
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economics-0/extraction_0.txt | 1 Illicit Financial Flows to and from Developing Countries: 2005-2014 I. Overview of the IFF Estimates for 2005-2014 The corrosive impact illicit financial flows (IFFs) can have on economic progress and poverty alleviation efforts became part of development orthodoxy in 2015. In July of that year, the Addis Ababa Actio... | |
economics-0/extraction_1.txt | 3. “Trade misinvoicing”: the meeting point between IFFs and avoidance? Trade misinvoicing is a form of customs and/or tax fraud involving exporters and importers deliberately misreporting the value, quantity, or nature of goods or services in a commercial transaction. Estimates of trade misinvoicing are closely linked ... | |
economics-0/extraction_2.txt | Channels commonly thought of as being illicit include all forms of cross-border money laundering. This includes cash smuggling and trade-based money laundering, accomplished by obscuring the true price or quantity of goods being exported or imported. Sometimes the source and channel of an IFF are hard to disentangle. F... | |
economics-0/extraction_3.txt | Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) ======================================= Domestic tax base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) relates to tax planning strategies that multinational enterprises use to exploit loopholes in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations as a way to avoid paying t... | |
economics-0/extraction_5.txt | 3.1 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Strategies In the context of taxation, some of the above commercial practices are collectively referred to as Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) strat- egies. 43 These practices are carried out in par- ticular with the aim of enabling companies and individuals to avoid paying t... | |
economics-0/extraction_6.txt | **Why it matters?** **Public debt can be vital for development. Governments use it to finance expenditures, protect and invest in their people and pave the way to a better future. However, when public debt grows excessively or its costs outweigh its benefits, it becomes a heavy burden. This is precisely what is happeni... | |
economics-0/extraction_7.txt | Net finance flows to developing countries turned negative in 2023 Developing countries are projected to become net financial contributors to the rest of the world economy. Net finance flows fell 48% in 2022 to their lowest level since the Global Financial Crisis. Economy Authors:Sara Harcourt, Jorge Rivera, David McNai... | |
economics-0/extraction_8.txt | A global UN capacity development project will start in 2023, relying on methodological support, guidance and training by UNCTAD and UNODC. It will be carried out in coordination by UNECA with all UN Regional Commissions. The project will enhance the capacity of developing countries across regions to measure and curb IF... | |
economics-0/extraction_9.txt | 2. Brief review of the literature on capital flight on economic growth In the literature, authors such as Ndikumana, (2009); Fofack & Ndikumana, (2010) and Boyce & Ndikumana, (2001) unanimously acknowledge the potentially negative effect of capital flight on economic growth through investment (other forms of channels e... | |
economics-0/extraction_10.txt | **Why it matters?** **Public debt can be vital for development. Governments use it to finance expenditures, protect and invest in their people and pave the way to a better future. However, when public debt grows excessively or its costs outweigh its benefits, it becomes a heavy burden. This is precisely what is happeni... | |
economics-0/extraction_11.txt | We have long been told a compelling story about the relationship between rich countries and poor countries. The story holds that the rich nations of the OECD give generously of their wealth to the poorer nations of the global south, to help them eradicate poverty and push them up the development ladder. Yes, during col... | |
economics-0/extraction_12.txt | **3. “Trade misinvoicing”: the meeting point between IFFs and avoidance?** Beyond these conceptual distinctions, a practical argument is often made that there is a major category of action which has been identified as both “illicit financial flows” and also as “legal avoidance,” and therefore that the two areas cannot ... | |
federal_reserve_tax/vol2035_0.txt | The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 35, No. 3, Winter, 2004, pp. 251-266
Inflation and Money Growth:
Evidence from a Multi-Country Data-Set
JOHN C. FRAIN*
Central Bank and Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ireland
and
Trinity College Dublin
Abstract: Using a multi-country data set strong correlation are found... | |
economics-100/extraction_2.txt | Money creation is one potential source of revenue for a government. Seigniorage — gov- ernment revenue received through creating money — is a relatively inexpensive means of raising funds. Take the United States as an example. It costs just a few pennies to print a $100 bill. The resource costs to the U.S. Treasury are... | |
economics-100/extraction_6.txt | But in the case of a government that issues its own sovereign currency without a promise to convert at a fixed value to gold or foreign currency (that is, the government “floats” its currency), we need to think about the role of taxes in an entirely different way. Taxes are not needed to “pay for” government spending. ... | |
economics-100/extraction_7.txt | Modern Monetary Theory or Modern Money Theory (MMT) is a heterodox macroeconomic theory that describes the nature of money within a fiat, floating exchange rate system. MMT synthesizes ideas from the _state theory of money_ of Georg Friedrich Knapp (also known as chartalism) and the _credit theory of money_ of Alfred M... | |
economics-100/extraction_9.txt | **Fed independence and the role of institutions** ------------------------------------------------- The case for central bank independence largely stems from monetary policy's unique role in providing price stability. Since a central bank can also play a role in financing government expenditures, the potential for conf... | |
globalization_developing/s11356019073724_20.txt | This paper focuses on long-term evidence on economic growth, international
tourism, globalization, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
emissions in OECD countries for the period of 1994–2014. The empirical
analysis reveals that climate change is magnified by energy use, tourism and
economic growth. An inver... | |
economics-101/extraction_0.txt | # VI.C. Import Prices and Welfare We are now ready to use the elasticities of substitution to evaluate the price effects of changes in varieties. Aggregating together our ratios according to equation (12) yields estimates of the impact of variety growth on the exact aggregate import price index. The results from this e... | |
economics-101/extraction_1.txt | A vigorous political debate is in progress over the impact of globalization on the economies of the developed world. China looms large in these discussions, as her exports have grown by over $1 5 %$ per year over the last two decades. One major benefit of Chinese trade had been lower prices for consumers in the develop... | |
economics-101/extraction_3.txt | # The Outsize Role of Immigrants in US Innovation 03/01/2023 Summary of working paper\\ 30797 Featured in print _Digest_ Immigrant Share of US Inventors and Innovative Output The figure is a column chart titled “Immigrant Share of US Inventors and Innovative Output.” 16.5 percent of US inventors are immigrants. 25.2 pe... | |
economics-101/extraction_4.txt | 5 (Re)Assessing the Gains from Trade China's economic growth has lifted hundreds of millions of individuals out of poverty. The resulting positive impacts on the material well-being of Chinese citizens are abundantly evident. Beijing's seven ring roads, Shanghai's sparkling skyline, and Guangzhou's multitude of export ... | |
economics-101/extraction_5.txt | The wave of globalisation that occurred in the 1990s and 2000s brought significant benefits to rich countries by lowering the costs of final consumer products and manufacturing inputs. But the rising tide did not lift all boats. Studies of workers and local labour markets from many high-income countries indicate that e... | |
economics-101/extraction_6.txt | **4.1 Chinese Import Competition and the Organizing Decision** Does this framework help explain the empirical results in Section 3? Viewed through the lens of our framework, we propose that greater industry exposure to Chinese import competition constituted a negative shock to the union wage premium. Greater local labo... | |
economics-101/extraction_7.txt | # Economic Slack, Interest Rates, and Inflation By reducing investment, rising markups can generate economic slack that may offset their immediate inflationary effect and may also imply a trade-off for monetary policy. These issues are explored through an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the eu... | |
economics-101/extraction_8.txt | ### V.C. Worker Power and the Rise in Concentration There has been much recent discussion of whether the declining labor share reflects falling worker power (Krueger 2018). Declining union power would be a potential mechanism contributing to the decrease in the labor share, although the broad decline of labor shares in... | |
economics-101/extraction_9.txt | # Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) Domestic tax base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) relates to tax planning strategies that multinational enterprises use to exploit loopholes in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations as a way to avoid paying tax. The OECD/G20 BEPS Project equips g... | |
economics-101/extraction_10.txt | ## Abstract CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are the primary cause of global warming. Much attention has been focused on the CO2 directly emitted by each country, but relatively little attention has been paid to the amount of emissions associated with the consumption of goods and services in each country.... | |
economics-101/extraction_11.txt | ## 1\. Introduction Two competing narratives about carbon emission trends in developed countries are found in the literature. One is optimistic, highlighting that several developed nations have reduced domestic carbon emissions significantly while maintaining substantial economic growth. This is considered proof that e... | |
economics-101/extraction_12.txt | How do trade barriers affect living standards? Let’s zoom out for a second to explain. Consider a country that imposes an import tariff on semiconductors. First, for consumers who buy computers, a tariff immediately increases the price they pay. Of course, domestic firms can try to introduce competing models or expand ... | |
economics-101/extraction_13.txt | Supply-chain disruptions and rising geopolitical tensions have brought the risks and potential benefits and costs of geoeconomic fragmentation to the center of the policy debate. This chapter studies how such fragmentation can reshape the geography of foreign direct investment (FDI) and, in turn, how FDI fragmentation ... | |
economics-101/extraction_14.txt | Global factors can play important roles in driving sovereign, currency, balance of payments, and sudden stop crises. A variety of global factors are often reported to trigger crises, including deterioration in the terms of trade and shocks to world interest rates and commodity prices. For example, the sharp rise in U.S... | |
economics-101/extraction_15.txt | ## Global Financial Stability Report The Global Financial Stability Report provides an assessment of the global financial system and markets, and addresses emerging market financing in a global context. It focuses on current market conditions, highlighting systemic issues that could pose a risk to financial stability a... | |
country_firm/granular_6.txt | N
i=1
Sit
Yt
2
1/2
(5)
For simplicity, h will be referred to as the herfindahl of the economy.
This paper works first with the basic model (1)–(2). The arguments apply if
general equilibrium mechanisms are added.
GRANULAR ORIGINS OF AGGREGATE FLUCTUATIONS 739
2.2. The 1/
√N Argument for the Irrelevance of Idiosync... | |
economics-102/extraction_0.txt | 5 Estimating Correct Standard Errors The small sample covariance matrix of ̂ β OLS is underCL3candCL4 V\[ ̂ β OLS |X\] =σ 2 (X ′ X) −1 \[X ′ ΩX\] (X ′ X) −1 and differs from usual OLS whereV( ̂ β OLS |X) =σ 2 (X ′ X) −1 . Conse- quently, the usual estimator ̂ V( ̂ β OLS |X) =̂σ 2 (X ′ X) −1 is incorrect. Usual small sa... |
Part of the BRIGHT-Pro benchmark for reasoning-intensive retrieval in agentic search settings. Economics StackExchange queries are paired with multi-aspect gold evidence drawn from a long-form reference answer covering several reasoning aspects.
| Task category | Retrieval (text-to-text) |
| Domains | Non-fiction, Written |
| Reference | Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systems |
Source datasets:
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("BrightProEconomicsRetrieval")
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
mteb.evaluate(model, task)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@article{Zhao2026RethinkingRR,
author = {Yilun Zhao and Jinbiao Wei and Tingyu Song and Siyue Zhang and Chen Zhao and Arman Cohan},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.04018},
title = {Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systems},
year = {2026},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("BrightProEconomicsRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"standard": {
"num_samples": 52339,
"num_queries": 99,
"num_documents": 52240,
"number_of_characters": 31168691,
"documents_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 31096492,
"min_text_length": 1,
"average_text_length": 595.2620980091883,
"max_text_length": 39672,
"unique_texts": 42611
},
"documents_image_statistics": null,
"documents_audio_statistics": null,
"documents_video_statistics": null,
"queries_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 72199,
"min_text_length": 164,
"average_text_length": 729.2828282828283,
"max_text_length": 2223,
"unique_texts": 99
},
"queries_image_statistics": null,
"queries_audio_statistics": null,
"queries_video_statistics": null,
"relevant_docs_statistics": {
"num_relevant_docs": 773,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 7.808080808080808,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 18,
"unique_relevant_docs": 773
},
"top_ranked_statistics": null
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB