MM-BRIGHT: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval
Paper • 2601.09562 • Published
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crypto/37012_3dc6869f980d968a_94.txt | A message can now be encrypted by substituting letters in the plaintext for numbers according to the list. In this list, the plaintext letter f would be substituted with 1, and the plaintext letter e could be substituted with either 2, 18, 24 or 30. Because our keytext is such a short sentence, we do not have numbers t... |
crypto/44262_f1b1c34bda113096_145.txt | Remote direct memory access (RDMA) has gained popularity in cloud datacenters. In RDMA, clients bypass server CPUs and directly read/write remote memory. Recent findings have highlighted a host of vulnerabilities with RDMA, which give rise to attacks such as packet injection, denial of service, and side channel leakage... |
crypto/8f0f447e_23493.txt | For example, a 24-bit bitmap uses eight bits to represent each of the three color values (red, green, and blue) of each pixel. The blue alone has 28 different levels of blue intensity. The difference between 111111112 and 111111102 in the value for blue intensity is likely to be undetectable by the human eye. Therefore... |
crypto/10709_0265d34cb59f42d9_343.txt | We believe the proposals in this NPRM to clarify these safeguards would substantially improve the ability of regulated entities to address these cybersecurity risks. For example, the Department proposes to require that a regulated entity obtains from a business associate written verification that the business associate... |
crypto/34047_f7cca02666d41d41_5.txt | This tutorial focuses on the application of the Continual Learning (CL) paradigm on MCUs devices, to enable small sensor nodes to adapt their DNN models in-the-field, without relying on external computing resources. After providing a brief taxonomy of the main CL algorithms and scenarios, we will review the fundamental... |
crypto/31234_7f8782d16bad9ae7_19.txt | Enterprises worldwide moved their infrastructure to cloud resources during the last decade to cut costs of operations and capital. A large amount of data transfer occurred between cloud consumers and cloud service providers through cloud computing systems. Cloud computing brought various security problems because of un... |
crypto/11518_2a95f3158919924b_22.txt | | Lecture | Section | Topics | | --- | --- | --- | | Week 1 | | Grades K-2: Connecting Counting to Cardinality (CCSS-M K.CC.4) | | Week 2 | | Grades K-2: The Base Ten System (CCSS-M 1.NBT.2, 2.NBT.1) Fieldwork Prompt: In what ways (if any) did you observe students engaging in CCSS SMP 1 in the classroom? | | Week 3 ... |
crypto/417da1c9_22359.txt | Then, the operation L k is constructed from the XOR operation W k , as shown in Equation (16). L k I 2 I 8 j 0 , j k 2 2 n 1 i j i j I 2 W k i k i k . (17) |
crypto/89797_e2fb77d9d6302ef4_51.txt | 2.7.2.1. Social Engineering The vector with the most impact on the history of IT security. The exact definition by CNSS12 is “An attempt to trick someone into revealing information (e.g., a password) that can be used to attack systems or networks.” Social engineering is an attack vector that relies heavily on human int... |
crypto/54e55e25_20804.txt | In February 2004, a change notice was published for FIPS PUB 180-2, specifying an additional variant, SHA-224, defined to match the key length of two-key Triple DES. In October 2008, the standard was updated in FIPS PUB 180-3, including SHA-224 from the change notice, but otherwise making no fundamental changes to the ... |
crypto/39220_b5665454ed9c887c_10.txt | * Eli Biham, Rafi Chen, Near-Collisions of SHA-0, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2004/146, 2004 (appeared on CRYPTO 2004), IACR.org * Xiaoyun Wang, Hongbo Yu and Yiqun Lisa Yin, Efficient Collision Search Attacks on SHA-0, Crypto 2005 * Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin and Hongbo Yu, Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1... |
crypto/48601_df316750563ff492_82.txt | Inverse imaging problems rely on limited and indirect measurements, making reconstruction highly dependent on both regularization and sample locations. We introduce a novel greedy framework for the optimal selection of indirect measurements in the operator codomain, specifically tailored to inverse problems. Our approa... |
crypto/96356_8690de686d746631_0.txt | * Home/Search * Documents + Checklists + Overview + 2020+ + 2010-2019 (370+) + 2000-2009 (550+) + 1990-1999 (580+) + 1980-1989 (400+) + 1970-1979 (210+) + 1962-1969 (40+) + All years + PDF docs (400+) + PDF collections (150+) + PDF Documents by Associates + PPT presentations (10) + Encyclopedia project commentaries (30... |
crypto/34047_b6bdb5e728a8254a_129.txt | the number of available alphabets was cut to 25, and the mapping was quite irregular and determined by the internal wiring. To find this needed the con¬ centrated, months-long work of a whole group of people, not only Frank Row¬ lett, but also Robert O.Ferner, Albert W. Small... |
crypto/12393_0f68f7f321a3927f_283.txt | Confidential computing implementations encrypt guest Virtual Machine (VM) memory to protect workloads from a malicious hypervisor. However, its use of system physical addresses as tweak values causes deterministic encryption for each physical memory address, creating a ciphertext side-channel. To exploit this weakness,... |
crypto/67194_26f57feb8d3840f1_4.txt | The United States and its Western European allies sought to strengthen their bonds and used the policy of containment against Soviet influence; they accomplished this most notably through the formation of NATO, which was essentially a defensive agreement in 1949. The Soviet Union countered with the Warsaw Pact in 1955,... |
crypto/44056_aae5216ce1a6aafd_233.txt | Anyway, it can be shown that an LFSR of length L has an output sequence with maximum possible period 2L − 1, if and only if its connection polynomial c(X) has degree L and is irreducible over F2 . This means that c(X) is primitive, and hence that c(X) is a generator of F∗2L , the multiplicative group of the nonzero ele... |
crypto/87546_ce050f1577f4b503_410.txt | @Book{Goodheart:1994:MGE, author = "Berny Goodheart and James Cox", title = "The Magic Garden Explained: The Internals of {UNIX} System {V} Release 4, an Open Systems Design", publisher = pub-PH, pages = "xxviii + 664", year = "1994", ISBN = "0-13-098138-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-... |
crypto/64780_08c971e217da1304_18.txt | 1. Let input be the string being parsed. 2. Let position be a position variable for input, initially pointing at the start of input. 3. Skip ASCII whitespace within input given position. 4. If position is past the end of input or the code point at position within input is not an [ASCII digit](https://infra.spec.whatwg.... |
crypto/4a48daf5_23945.txt | We see this use of randomization in many real-world encryption schemes. For example, most RSA encryption is done using some sort of encryption padding scheme, like OAEP or (the very broken) PKCS 1v1.5. Algorithms like Elgamal (and derivatives like ECIES ) also use randomness in their encryption. |
crypto/64780_08c971e217da1304_95.txt | 1. If el's `href` attribute's value is the empty string, then return. 2. Let destination be the current state of el's `as` attribute (a destination), or "`script`" if it is in no state. 3. If destination is not script-like, then [queue an element task](#queue-an-element-task) on the networking task source given el to f... |
crypto/0a0e8720_21412.txt | !-- image -- 29. Bob knows k displaystyle k , so he is able to compute m b ( m b k ) mod N displaystyle m _ b (m' _ b -k) bmod N . However, since he does not know d displaystyle d , he cannot compute k 1 b ( v x 1 b ) d mod N displaystyle k _ 1-b (v-x _ 1-b ) d bmod N and so canno... |
crypto/41006_2c88ca62d9fb1145_110.txt | After analyzing and classifying identified evidences, a list of properties is extracted based on the evidence type. Table 5.2 lists the possible properties for evidences based on their type. For example, when finding a trace for a URL redirection, it’s important to get the domain name and path to know if it is a cross ... |
crypto/34047_b6bdb5e728a8254a_71.txt | Following Kahn, such an encryption is called a code, if the choice of C is determined linguistically: frequent diphthongs, syllables, prefixes, endings, words, phrases are listed in a code book together with their code groups. The single letter condition guarantees that even queer... |
crypto/1b331f8b_1005.txt | Now we have to be sure that at least one of these two cases must hold, 5 but that's easy: we've split the 5 people into two groups, those who have shaken hands with x and those who have not, so one of the groups must have at least half the people. Case 1: Suppose that at least 3 people did meet x. This case splits into... |
crypto/37012_3dc6869f980d968a_26.txt | frequent letter in English, h. An unquestioning application of frequency analysis would lead to gibberish. For example, the rst word PCQ would be deciphered as aov. However, we can begin by focusing attention on the only three letters that appear more than thirty times in the ciphertext, namely O, X and P. It is fairly... |
crypto/298913e0_1613.txt | SPHINCS+ (now called SLA-DSA Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard), a stateless hash-based signature scheme chosen as one of the first quantum-resistant signature algorithms in NIST's post-quantum cryptography standardization project. A simple lattice-based encryption scheme, the foundation of the post-quant... |
crypto/63030_08c971e217da1304_474.txt | The `beforeprint` event can be used to annotate the printed copy, for instance adding the time at which the document was printed. 4. The user agent should offer the user the opportunity to [obtain a physical form](#obtain-a-physical-form) (or the representation of a physical form) of document. The user agent may wait f... |
crypto/66325_9fec40bb5cdedcbd_135.txt | achieving a better one; rather like a carpet fitter adjusting the position of a carpet of one size to a room of another. With Ceres located and subsequently tracked, more data became available to Gauss to refine his estimates, and he did so by refining his methods: But when we have a longer series of observations, embr... |
crypto/87546_ce050f1577f4b503_633.txt | @Book{Kumar:2010:QEB, author = "Manjit Kumar", title = "Quantum: {Einstein}, {Bohr} and the great debate about the nature of reality", publisher = pub-NORTON, address = pub-NORTON:adr, pages = "xvi + 448 + 16", year = "2010", ISBN = "0-393-07829-9 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = ... |
crypto/34047_c30fa07dbb8c6a66_182.txt | * compound-types library and benchmark: Sum and Product types and such * fcf-composite library and test: Type-level computation for composite using first-class-families. * fcf-graphs library and test: Type-level version of algebraic-graphs. * fcf-vinyl library: Vinyl compatibility with first-class-families * finite lib... |
crypto/37012_cc898a9ef8fe47ec_1.txt | This approach includes cryptographic systems such as learning with errors, ring learning with errors (ring-LWE),[18][19][20] the ring learning with errors key exchange and the ring learning with errors signature, the older NTRU or GGH encryption schemes, and the newer NTRU signature and BLISS signatures.[21] Some of th... |
crypto/34047_b6bdb5e728a8254a_180.txt | 11.1.2 Other trivialities. Another classic technical mistake is to repeat an encrypted message in plain; for example, because the recipient has not yet received the new key. The method and in the case of a Shannon encryption (Sect. 2.6.4) even the key can now be reconstructed. ... |
crypto/eed18e1b_1115.txt | Very common. Diffie-Hellman is built into widely used cryptographic libraries such as Mbed TLS, GnuTLS, OpenSSL, and others. Most cryptographic protocol libraries support it, and many servers still enable it. However, adoption rates vary by protocol and application. Both the cryptographic protocol and the application p... |
crypto/84495_2f169ccdada07f1e_37.txt | Some Nodes might not be required to implement communication using group keys, in which case they MAY omit the *Global Group Encrypted Message Counters*. In contrast to the *Global Unencrypted Message Counter*, Nodes are required to persist the *Global Group Encrypted Message Counters* in durable storage. In particular,... |
crypto/8d387d57_22685.txt | 3.1.1. EncryptionVarious files of different sizes were encrypted using RSA and ElGamal cryptographic algorithms. The encryption time of both algorithms was obtained and placed in a tabular form. See Table 2.Figure 9 displays the encryption time of the RSA and ElGamal process, and its shows that the ElGamal algorithm co... |
crypto/61829_87664195fd8c7adc_87.txt | In this section, we apply our paradigm to verifiable secret sharing (VSS) schemes, to obtain a leakage- and tampering-resilient VSS. Intuitively, a VSS scheme is an enhanced SSS with the added guarantee that after the sharing phase, even a corrupted dealer is committed to *some* secret. This should be contrasted with s... |
crypto/96356_f467e2efefddb294_448.txt | Loss of lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs progressively, punctuated by acute pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in which abrupt declines in lung function are not fully recovered. A key component of CF management over the past half century has been the treatment of PEx to slow lung function decline. This has been ... |
crypto/37012_3dc6869f980d968a_3.txt | n the morning of Saturday, October 15, 1586, Queen Mary entered the crowded courtroom at Fotheringhay Castle. Years of imprisonment and the onset of rheumatism had taken their toll, yet she remained digni ed, composed and indisputably regal. Assisted by her physician, she made her way past the judges, o cials and spect... |
crypto/11293_f891ddfa3007c7d6_24.txt | * Fixed an issue with the Service Level Agreement condition not registering as being met in a clustered environment. * Fixed an issue where jobs that were canceled during shutdown of the application would not be included for Unresolved Jobs Gadget and Rest API Endpoint. * Fixed an issue preventing new web user password... |
crypto/27374_b9462f3b5a0b0056_105.txt | * Cryptographically erasing the encrypted DEKs or the KEKs in non-volatile memory by following the requirements in FCS\_CKM\_EXT.4.1 * Overwriting all PD according to the following rules: + For EEPROM, the destruction shall be executed by a single direct overwrite consisting of a pseudo random pattern using the TSFâs... |
crypto/44262_2b13f4e93e98b3f8_46.txt | determined by proving its semantic security. The core idea of semantic security is that different plaintexts are encrypted so that the probability distributions of their generated ciphertexts are indistinguishable in polynomial time. Thus, it is hard to distinguish which plaintext is the original data of a specific cip... |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_22.txt | Problem 1.17. For n D 40, the value of polynomial p.n/ WWD n2 C n C 41 is not prime, as noted in Section 1.1. But we could have predicted based on general principles that no nonconstant polynomial can generate only prime numbers. In particular, let q.n/ be a polynomial with integer coefficients, and let c WWD q.0/ be t... |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_332.txt | P Bogus proof. Define f .n/ D niD1 i D 1 C 2 C 3 C C n. Since we have shown that every constant i is O.1/, f .n/ D O.1/ C O.1/ C C O.1/ D O.n/. ⌅ Pn Of course in reality i D1 i D n.n C 1/=2 ¤ O.n/. The error stems from confusion over what is meant in the statement i D O.1/. For any constant i 2 N it is true that i D O.... |
crypto/522b0498_20188.txt | where len( A ) and len( C ) are the 64-bit representations of the bit lengths of A and C , respectively, v len( A ) mod 128 is the bit length of the final block of A , u len( C ) mod 128 is the bit length of the final block of C , and displaystyle parallel denotes concatenation of bit strings. |
crypto/5730ebdd_2345.txt | Omega notation represents the lower bound of the running time of an algorithm. Thus, it provides the best case complexity of an algorithm.
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crypto/33821_89d6ee789857af4c_2.txt | I've always had a problem with probability and that is that over time it will happen 100% for sure. So even if something won't happen statistically for a millenia there is nothing to stop it happening today at say 12.01 pm and then not happening for another millenia or perhaps even happening today, tomorrow and the nex... |
crypto/ce5bfc97_23042.txt | Our framework helps us see that while the community has made impressive progress on new algorithms and resource estimates, there are real bottlenecks in identifying the right problem instances and finding real-world advantage. We highlight two of the calls to action from our paper, to help humanity reach the full poten... |
crypto/43928_48d677fc1a35b06c_45.txt | | Date | Code | Title | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2006-10-10 | AS | Assignment | **Owner name**: MEADWESTVACO CORPORATION, VIRGINIA **Free format text**: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GELARDI, JOHN A.;MOWERY, JEREMY D.;REEL/FRAME:018369/0648 **Effective date**: 20061006 | | 2014-10-08 | S... |
crypto/89016280_23271.txt | I have a thing for over-the-top cryptography headlines mostly because I enjoy watching steam come out of researchers ears when their work gets totally misrepresented. And although I ve seen quite a few good ones, last week WIRED managed a doozy. |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_26.txt | First, we’d better address a couple of ambiguous special cases before they trip us up: ✏ If n D 1, then there is only one term in the summation, and so 1 C 2 C 3 C C n is just the term 1. Don’t be misled by the appearance of 2 and 3 or by the suggestion that 1 and n are distinct terms! ✏ If n D 0, then there are no ter... |
crypto/43928_48d677fc1a35b06c_10.txt | + www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/Bayes\_FAQ.html + www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/ai/neural/faq.html + www.cs.stir.ac.uk/Ëlss/NNIntro/InvSlides.html + dir.yahoo.com/Science/Engineering/Electrical\_Engineering/Neural\_Networks/ + www.aist.go.jp/NIBH/Ëb0616/Links.html + www.creative.net.au/Ëadrian/mirrors/ne... |
crypto/87546_ce050f1577f4b503_432.txt | @Book{Greene:1982:MAA, author = "Daniel H. Greene and Donald E. Knuth", title = "Mathematics for the Analysis of Algorithms", publisher = pub-BIRKHAUSER, address = pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr, edition = "Second", pages = "123", year = "1982", ISBN = "3-7643-3102-X", ISBN-13 = ... |
crypto/1a3b1dde_1415.txt | Side-channel attacks do not attack the cipher as a black box, and thus are not related to cipher security as defined in the classical context, but are important in practice. They attack implementations of the cipher on hardware or software systems that inadvertently leak data. There are several such known attacks on va... |
crypto/22625_547a03189ca95f89_23.txt | ``` diff -r 000000000000 -r 137634ff4186 include/polarssl/debug.h --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/include/polarssl/debug.h Thu Jun 11 03:27:03 2015 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +/** + * \file debug.h + * + * \brief Debug functions + * + * Copyright (C) 2006-2011, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved + * + * ... |
crypto/63030_7db9adb1ca522dd5_86.txt | In the example in Figure 92, a pair of Cisco ASA firewalls (running in active/standby mode) are attached to the Cisco ACI fabric. On the fabric side, the L3Out is configured to connect to the firewalls. The Layer 2 connectivity for subnet 192.168.1.0/24 is provided by the Cisco ACI fabric by using SVIs with the same en... |
crypto/87003_6ad08af8b410c7e8_0.txt | If the cipher + mode combination is partially broken or not completely secure for the way it is used, however, you might make certain attacks marginally harder by compressing the plain text before encryption. This might e.g. apply to very large plain texts you encrypt using either of the block ciphers with a 64 bit blo... |
crypto/11104_3265abd349c0126d_10.txt | | 13:15 CEST | LK01.1 | **CEDA LUNCHTIME PANEL** **Speaker**: Rolf Ernst, TU Braunschweig, DE; David Atienza, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH; Valeria Bertacco, University of Michigan, US; Luca Benini, ETH Zurich, CH | Università di Bologna, IT ***Abstract** In celebration of IEEE CEDA's 20th annive... |
crypto/3db5070f_21732.txt | Alice sends the computed garbled tables for all gates in the circuit to Bob. Bob needs input labels to open the garbled tables. Thus, Alice chooses the labels corresponding to her input a displaystyle a and sends them to Bob. For example, if Alice's input is a a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 01101 displaystyle mathbf a ... |
crypto/33846_9075218e506858fb_65.txt | Like I said, If you really think that proxies and randomly changing encryption codes can transform you into some kind of cyber-ghost-BATMAN, why not TEST your faith!? By searching for the most ILLEGAL THING ON THE PLANET, you become one of the most “pursued” people on Earth!!!!…By those who are paid SIX to SEVEN FIGURE... |
crypto/44056_aae5216ce1a6aafd_589.txt | Using this formula, for example, one can easily derive φ(45) from the prime factorization of 45 = 32 · 5: φ(45) = (3 − 1) · 32−1 · (5 − 1) · 51−1 = 2 · 31 · 4 · 50 = 2 · 3 · 4 · 1 = 24. But if the prime factorization of n is unknown, then it is difficult to compute φ(n). In fact, one can show that for n being a product... |
crypto/a307c40f_1971.txt | Viasat has delivered hundreds of ground antennas to NASA, other civilian space agencies, governments, and satellite industry partners throughout the world since the 1960s and has recently become a ground service provider. This move leverages decades of hardware engineering, with the global Real-Time Earth (RTE) network... |
crypto/22625_547a03189ca95f89_91.txt | ``` diff -r 000000000000 -r 137634ff4186 polarssl/timing.c --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/polarssl/timing.c Thu Jun 11 03:27:03 2015 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +/* + * Portable interface to the CPU cycle counter + * + * Copyright (C) 2006-2014, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved + * + * This file is p... |
crypto/3248d698_1799.txt | Unlike most other DLP systems (where it is possible to use the same procedure for squaring and multiplication), the EC addition is significantly different for doubling (P = Q) and general addition (P ≠ Q) depending on the coordinate system used. Consequently, it is important to counteract side-channel attacks (e.g., ti... |
crypto/61829_87664195fd8c7adc_81.txt | \(\mathcal {H}\_2\):: : Intuitively, in \(\mathcal {H}\_2\) we change the secret s which are revealed in the second phase of the experiment. Instead of re-encoding the (original) s \({\textsf {Sh}}^{\textsf{in}}\_i\) of *x*, we resample a fresh secret sharing of *x*, conditioned on the s that were already revealed (t... |
crypto/66325_2a95f3158919924b_22.txt | | Lecture | Section | Topics | | --- | --- | --- | | Week 1 | | Grades K-2: Connecting Counting to Cardinality (CCSS-M K.CC.4) | | Week 2 | | Grades K-2: The Base Ten System (CCSS-M 1.NBT.2, 2.NBT.1) Fieldwork Prompt: In what ways (if any) did you observe students engaging in CCSS SMP 1 in the classroom? | | Week 3 ... |
crypto/33821_d2b703f94ea0e465_82.txt | Step 4: Eq. (14) is solved. If Eq. (14) is equal to 0 or ∞, the signature will be rejected. Otherwise, the signature will be verified. Fig. 5 displays the specific flow of digital signature and signature verification algorithm for road condition messages. Fig. 6 illustrates the distributed task allocation system based ... |
crypto/96356_f467e2efefddb294_244.txt | We propose KVNAND, the first DRAM-free, IFC-based architecture that stores both model weights and KV cache entirely in compute-enabled 3D NAND flash. KVNAND addresses the fundamental performance challenges of flash under intensive KV cache access by leveraging IFC for all memory-bound operations to reduce data transfer... |
crypto/87546_ce050f1577f4b503_499.txt | @Book{Higham:2002:ASN, author = "Nicholas J. Higham", title = "Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms", publisher = pub-SIAM, address = pub-SIAM:adr, edition = "Second", pages = "xxx + 680", year = "2002", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898718027", ISBN = ... |
crypto/de36312b_20069.txt | Two curves ( f(X,Y,Z) 0 ) and ( g(X,Y,Z) 0 ) defined by the vanishing of homogeneous polynomials ( f ) and ( g ) intersect in exactly ( text deg (f) text deg (g) ) points, counting multiplicity. ( _ square ) |
crypto/61178_b990f08a44fd9d6a_2.txt | * Full Name: RSA Encryption Scheme - Optimal Asymmetric Encryption. * Purpose: Public-key encryption of small plaintexts (usually symmetric keys), using RSA with randomized, provably secure padding. * Standardized in: NIST SP 800-56Br2, PKCS#1 v2.0 and v2.2 (RFC 8017). * TLS Support: Not used or supported in TLS 1.2 or... |
crypto/44056_4eb62f0ac8d96542_24.txt | This result is statistical in nature. If I know that the queries are uniformly random, then I can model how often a given value (say, Age=34 out of a range 1-120) should be responsive to a given random query results. By counting the actual occurrences of a specific row after many such queries, I can guess which rows co... |
crypto/12393_0f68f7f321a3927f_293.txt | This paper introduces a practical and provably secure steganography scheme. Most of practical steganography methods alter the model distribution to conceal private messages, posing security risks. Prior theoretical approaches are grounded in unrealistic assumptions and are not efficiently applicable to real-world scena... |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_19.txt | (c) Every positive real number, r, has two square roots, one positive and the other p negative. The standard convention is that the expression r refers to the positive square root of r. Assuming familiar properties of multiplication of real numbers, prove that for positive real numbers r and s, p p p rs D r s: Problem ... |
crypto/44262_2b13f4e93e98b3f8_90.txt | From the preceding process, we know that the idea of GC is still encryptionevaluation-decryption. The difference with other protocols is that the GC does not rely on the cryptography tool’s homomorphism. Instead, it regards the gates as a table. Since most privacy-preserving applications can be represented as circuits ... |
crypto/6cad773c_19947.txt | as q 2 displaystyle q 2 , then E 2 1 1 3 1 a 2 displaystyle E 2 1 1 3 1-a 2 , so a 0 displaystyle a 0 . |
crypto/12393_0f68f7f321a3927f_58.txt | Recently, the WebAssembly (or Wasm) technology has been rapidly evolving, with many runtimes actively under development, providing cross-platform secure sandboxes for Wasm modules to run as portable containers. Compared with Docker, which isolates applications at the operating system level, Wasm runtimes provide more s... |
crypto/32275_2f2936e5c6a7a9bb_0.txt | 1. No, SHA512 is not secure enough for password processing. SHA512 is fast, whereas password processing needs to be slow to prevent brute force searches on passwords in the event that the database is dumped by hackers. Such events happen often! 2. You do not decrypt it later on. Instead, when you get the plaintext pass... |
crypto/89797_9ec98188cbf9a835_152.txt | not available to potential attackers. In addition, the regular FPGA structures makes embedding of hardware trojans difficult. However, that is only to a certain extent true because the attacker can also alter nonfunctional crucial components of designs such as power supply network. It is important to note that hardware... |
crypto/87003_55c4061a2a3e18d7_78.txt | Tutorial: This attack seeks to exploit a vulnerability in the TCP specification or in a TCP implementation. Normally, two hosts use a three-way exchange of packets to establish a TCP connection: (a) host 1 requests a connection by sending a SYN packet to host 2; (b) host 2 replies by sending a SYN-ACK (acknowledgement)... |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_1.txt | What is a Proof? Propositions Definition. A proposition is a statement (communication) that is either true or false. For example, both of the following statements are propositions. The first is true, and the second is false. Proposition 1.1.1. 2 + 3 = 5. Proposition 1.1.2. 1 + 1 = 3. Being true or false doesn’t sound lik... |
crypto/2a046526_1253.txt | Sungbae Yoo, Jinbum Park, Seolheui Kim, and Yeji Kim, Samsung Research; Taesoo Kim, Samsung Research and Georgia Institute of Technology This paper presents an in-kernel, hardware-based control-flow integrity (CFI) protection, called PAL, that utilizes ARM's Pointer Authentication (PA). It provides three important bene... |
crypto/11293_f891ddfa3007c7d6_14.txt | * Fixed an issue where destination file size was not properly displayed on the Job File Audit Log List page. * Fixed an issue with upgrading to 7.6.0 when the Global SMTP password used an old encryption key. * Fixed an issue on the Quick Download page that caused a 500 error due to a missing passthrough property. * Fix... |
crypto/63030_08c971e217da1304_237.txt | 1. Set credential type to "`webauthn`". 2. If the indexth token in tokens is the first entry, then skip to the step labeled *done*. 3. Decrement index by one. 4. Set the category, maximum tokens pair to the result of determining a field's category given the indexth token in tokens. 5. If category is not Normal and cate... |
crypto/96356_f467e2efefddb294_468.txt | Coarse graining (CG) is an important task for efficient modeling and simulation of complex multi-scale systems, such as the conformational dynamics of biomolecules. This work presents a projection-based coarse-graining formalism for general underdamped Langevin dynamics. Following the Zwanzig projection approach, we de... |
crypto/44056_956f10c3f822c117_14.txt | ![Fig. 5.9 Multiple keys map between one plaintext and one ciphertext - = o 5 ile there should be just one plaintext that makes sense. Let’s first look why one pair (x;,y;) might not be sufficient to identify the correct key. For illustration purposes we assume a cipher with a block width of 64 bit and a key size of... |
crypto/51914_2ed2d1df17fe28a3_175.txt | So we seem to be in a special place where we have a theory that admits both CLSH and CSHS points of view and the theory can be self-consistently developed from either point of view. My version of Q is: why is this so? Can the two churches be unified? Is there a meaningful physical principle which explains why we need t... |
crypto/1b8a2306_0438.txt | For APIs that use cookies to maintain sessions, cookie theft is a direct path to session hijacking. Attackers can steal cookies through: XSS vulnerabilities that expose cookies to JavaScript Malware that extracts browser cookies from infected devices Network sniffing on unencrypted connections Once they have the cookie... |
crypto/c7172d24_23792.txt | Eve only wins if she has a non-negligible advantage. Consider a scheme where Eve can correctly which message was sent with probability (1 2 1 2 128 ). This number is greater than (1 2 ), but Eve s advantage is (1 2 128 ), which is astronomically small. In this case, we say that Eve has negligible advantage the... |
crypto/48601_015567e91cf42a32_30.txt | Definition 2.4.2. A lower bound (respectively, upper bound) for a set, S, of real numbers is a number, b, such that b s (respectively, b s) for every s 2 S . Note that a lower or upper bound of set S is not required to be in the set. Corollary 2.4.3. Any set of integers with a lower bound is well ordered. Proof. A se... |
crypto/1ee9fdc1_1545.txt | Introduction Complementary patterns of triangulation in theology, poetry and geometry Relevance to tre giri of knot theory, topology and Borromean rings Permutations and combinations of rhyme or reason Potential correspondence of terza rima to trigrams and Bagua of Chinese philosophy Quest for coherent sustainability t... |
crypto/96356_f467e2efefddb294_722.txt | Bayesian optimisation is an adaptive sampling strategy for constructing a Gaussian process surrogate to efficiently search for the global minimum of a black-box computational model. Gaussian processes have limited applicability in engineering design problems, which usually have many design variables but typically a low... |
crypto/52906_7dc9d9c42a1d198f_101.txt | Knowledge is traditionally defined as justified belief and empirical hypothesis, with these beliefs and hypotheses being justified by data and evidence from an epistemic perspective. Kuhn’s perspective implies that there is no absolute or final knowledge; what we consider "true" or "scientific" is always relative to th... |
crypto/87546_ce050f1577f4b503_390.txt | @Book{Gillam:2003:UDP, author = "Richard Gillam", title = "{Unicode} demystified: a practical programmer's guide to the encoding standard", publisher = pub-AW, address = pub-AW:adr, pages = "xxxiii + 853", year = "2003", ISBN = "0-201-70052-2 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978... |
crypto/37012_3dc6869f980d968a_335.txt | peculiar view that the photon somehow passes through both slits simultaneously, which would then allow it to interfere with itself and create the striped pattern observed on the screen. But how can one photon pass through both slits? Superpositionists argue along the following lines. If we do not know what a particle i... |
crypto/33821_6c8b904fd136a5be_77.txt | Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) Nodes Not all nodes have the ability to store the full blockchain. Many bitcoin clients are designed to run on space- and power-constrained devices, such as smartphones, tablets, or embedded systems. For such devices, a simplified payment verification (SPV) method is used to allow ... |
crypto/63030_7db9adb1ca522dd5_96.txt | We highly recommend that you upgrade switches with at least two groups, one at a time to avoid traffic disruption. The two groups should be defined in a way that dual attached servers are connected to both a Cisco ACI leaf switch of group A and a Cisco ACI leaf switch of group B. You should finish the upgrade of group ... |
crypto/37012_c32e56043dad9a46_19.txt | The performance of the RSA and Blowfish encryption algorithms is examined and contrasted in this paper using three important metrics: the Avalanche Effect, encryption scalability, and computing performance. While encryption scalability was tested using datasets of increasing sizes to assess how well the algorithms hand... |
crypto/ab26bf9b_0527.txt | There was an error while loading. Please reload this page. |
crypto/33821_d2b703f94ea0e465_96.txt | the blockchain, with emphasis on the legitimacy of sensitive data. There is an additional layer within IoT engineering, called the IoT blockchain admin step, which is used to control the blockchain network. A proof of concept was run using Raspberry Pi and various real gimmicks. This article talks about a glimpse of th... |
MM-BRIGHT text-and-image queries retrieving reasoning-intensive technical passages in the Cryptography domain.
| Task category | Any2AnyRetrieval (image+text-to-text) |
| Domains | Academic, Web, Medical, Legal, Religious |
| Reference | {MM-BRIGHT |
Source datasets:
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightCryptoIT2TRetrieval")
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
mteb.evaluate(model, task)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@article{abdallah2026mmbright,
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
author = {Abdelrahman Abdallah and Mohamed Darwish Mounis and Mahmoud Abdalla and Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem and Mostafa Farouk Senussi and Mohamed Mahmoud and Mohammed Ali and Adam Jatowt and Hyun-Soo Kang},
eprint = {2601.09562},
primaryclass = {cs.IR},
title = {{MM-BRIGHT}: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09562},
year = {2026},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightCryptoIT2TRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"test": {
"num_samples": 24105,
"num_queries": 51,
"num_documents": 24054,
"number_of_characters": 71066262,
"documents_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 70971856,
"min_text_length": 50,
"average_text_length": 2950.521992184252,
"max_text_length": 5405430,
"unique_texts": 21390
},
"documents_image_statistics": null,
"documents_audio_statistics": null,
"documents_video_statistics": null,
"queries_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 94406,
"min_text_length": 277,
"average_text_length": 1851.0980392156862,
"max_text_length": 5142,
"unique_texts": 51
},
"queries_image_statistics": {
"min_image_width": 76,
"average_image_width": 834.6862745098039,
"max_image_width": 3195,
"min_image_height": 22,
"average_image_height": 788.5098039215686,
"max_image_height": 6226,
"unique_images": 51
},
"queries_audio_statistics": null,
"queries_video_statistics": null,
"relevant_docs_statistics": {
"num_relevant_docs": 66,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 1.2941176470588236,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 2,
"unique_relevant_docs": 66,
"num_missing_query_ids": 0,
"num_missing_corpus_ids": 0
},
"top_ranked_statistics": {
"num_top_ranked": 1224953,
"min_top_ranked_per_query": 23908,
"average_top_ranked_per_query": 24018.686274509804,
"max_top_ranked_per_query": 24054
}
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB