MM-BRIGHT: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval
Paper • 2601.09562 • Published
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economics/ab5f1f8a_17763.txt | Monetary co-operation is the mechanism in which two or more monetary policies or exchange rates are linked, and can happen at regional or international level. 15 The monetary co-operation does not necessarily need to be a voluntary arrangement between two countries, as it is also possible for a country to link its ... |
economics/9936_a76c8be31b309787_34.txt | The adenophora looks like a small bell flower with stems about LYfcft high, but I decided that it had such charm last summer that 1 have majored on it in a sunny corner. Few nurseries stock it and most books exaggerate its preference for sharia While the gillpnia is not cheap as ... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_209.txt | *Identification of available accessible seating.* In the NPRM, the Department proposed § 35.138(c), which, as modified and renumbered as paragraph (b)(3) in the final rule, requires a facility to identify available accessible seating through seating maps, brochures, or other methods if that information is made availabl... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_401.txt | **Globalization Institute No. 20** **An International Perspective on Oil Price Shocks and U.S. Economic Activity** **Nathan S. Balke, Stephen P. A. Brown and Mine K. Yücel** **Abstract:** The effect of oil price shocks on U.S. economic activity seems to have changed since the mid-1990s. A variety of explanations have b... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_1000.txt | Section 35.211(b)(3) addresses facilities or programs with multiple departments, clinics, or specialties. In any facility or program that has multiple departments, clinics, or specialties, where a service, program, or activity utilizes MDE, the accessible MDE required by paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) shall be dispersed pro... |
economics/3244_0f1c80874cce6dfe_160.txt | Globally over the last century, s of faster transport modes have generally increased with increasing passenger travel demand (Schäfer 2017; Schafer and Victor 2000). For short- to medium-distance travel, private cars have displaced public transit, particularly in OECD countries, due to a variety of factors, including f... |
economics/36127_7b19e75f40c638a9_85.txt | If you can point out where I “claim that [I] have discredited all of mainstream economics,” then I deserve your labels. As it is, I find your reaction to be a bit extreme. All I *do* say is that I was surprised that the concept of growth—which I perceive to be of fundamental importance in economics as practiced today—w... |
economics/0eb99778_15694.txt | - A comprehensive amp; flexible BESS investment tool with revenue projections to 2050, revenue distribution data (e.g. P10, P90), degradation amp; cycling data across multiple durations and all Italian zones - Zonal Italian power market price, supply amp; demand projections to 2050 - A comprehensive Italian BESS inv... |
economics/11792_1a50b678fe8c827f_300.txt | **Strategy: Another Strong Earnings Surprise on Tap for Q1.** Joe has been tracking the quarterly earnings forecast for S&P 500 companies collectively each week since the data series started in Q1-1994. Each reporting season brings a typical playbook: Industry analysts cut their estimates gradually until the final mont... |
economics/a26f2417_16147.txt | Countries should be prepared to keep debt sustainable and ensure it does not jeopardize growth and stability. Unsustainable debt can lead to debt distress where a country is unable to fulfill its financial obligations and debt restructuring is required. Defaults can cause borrowing countries to lose market access and s... |
economics/51002_366b851c5adee90f_0.txt | Russian budget revenues relative to GDP have declined substantially over the last decade. The lower oil price is one reason for this, but tax revenues outside the energy sector have fallen as well. The Russian economy has been in a period of stagnation for a number of years now, placing a burden on state coffers. T... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_417.txt | Many commenters noted that when a person has significant hearing loss, that person may be able to hear and understand information in a quiet situation with the use of hearing aids or cochlear implants; however, as background noise increases and the distance between the source of the sound and the listener grows, and es... |
economics/39251_6f1f8436e0539f75_198.txt | Given China’s growing military power, some influential U.S. analysts see increased risk of the use of nuclear weapons by either side in a conflict over Taiwan. Once a conventional military conflict started—which may be more likely as China’s capabilities have grown—the side that was losing would be tempted to use low-y... |
economics/e4b5b267_15714.txt | We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on and off our website. please review our privacy policy Reject Cookie Settings Agree Now Website Services and Recommendations (Strictry Necessary Cookies) Your basic information, online operation behaviors, transaction information, access data are necessary... |
economics/7573d9e0_16833.txt | The utility function u(c) is defined only up to positive affine transformation in other words, a constant could be added to the value of u(c) for all c, and or u(c) could be multiplied by a positive constant factor, without affecting the conclusions. |
economics/8635_c63846d0e9036a91_278.txt | Microclimate The preceding section described climate on a large scale, ranging up to global dimensions. The climate that organisms and objects on the surface are exposed to to the ground, under rocks, and surrounded by vegetation, is often quite different from the surrounding macroclimate. Such highly localized climat... |
economics/9936_5562743713696081_24.txt | o thers have recognized, colonial agrarian policies w ere not designed to pull reluctant villagers into the market economy; their purpose was to confine villagers to subsistence pursuits and protect state-backed corporations from local competition.53 Circa 1700, farmers in Java eagerly planted coffee to take adva... |
economics/49892_483c468dcb82ce13_56.txt | While I can appreciate the feedback/comments by those in office that have identified affordable housing issues, and is in support of the extreme modification to the short term rental laws in an attempt to address that problem. Taking what seems to be a draconian approach to law making feels over reaching and seems like... |
economics/19490_1525ece966560489_45.txt | Figure 6 shows the number of total full-time researchers in China relative to the number in the United States. In 2011, China’s total number of researchers exceeded 1.3 million, almost 20 percent more than the 1.1 million researchers in the United States. The dashed line represents the total number of researchers in th... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_620.txt | The Department is including in § 35.104 a definition for “archived web content.” “Archived web content” is defined as web content that was created before the date the public entity is required to comply with subpart H of this part, reproduces paper documents created before the date the public entity is required to comp... |
economics/417_33efbefebec1d1c6_287.txt | (c) Now, suppose that the economy is initially in the steady state that you calculated in part (b) and s increases to 0.6. i. What will be the capital per worker, income per capita, and consumption per capita in the new steady state? ii. Use Excel to determine the path of the change in capital per worker, income per ca... |
economics/13097_eca2238992f3a656_2.txt | High levels of economic inequality can exacerbate poverty by concentrating wealth and opportunities among a small segment of the population, leaving others with limited resources and prospects for advancement. Poverty can act as a barrier to economic mobility—understood here as the ability of individuals and communitie... |
economics/50727_bfa796a7be2ae232_27.txt | Sources: Eurostat, IMF WEO and ECB staff calculations. Notes: Countries used to define the EU aggregate shown in the left panel include Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom; invoicing is expressed as a percentage of total extra-EU imports of oil; weights defined use the s of oil imports from th... |
economics/4995_b6901d0da68d3f6e_297.txt | IN THE NEWS The Cola Wars: It’s Not All Taste American consumers gulp nearly 40 million soft drinks per day. The Coca-Cola Company produces about 40 percent of those soft drinks, while Pepsi-Cola produces about 30 percent of the market supply. With nearly 70 percent of the market between them, Pepsi and Coke wage fierc... |
economics/4733be38_18314.txt | In any case, the Federal Reserve began to pay more attention to money in the latter part of the 1930s. Central to these efforts was the Harvard economist Lauchlin Currie, whose 1934 treatise, The Supply and Control of Money in the United States, was among the first to provide a practical empirical definition of money. ... |
economics/35979dad_17241.txt | A 2020 report by the Canadian Urban Transit Research amp; Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC) found that Canada's adoption and implementation of electric and hydrogen rail is slower than most developed countries and some developing countries, such as Morocco and China. |
economics/50727_bfa796a7be2ae232_78.txt | **The US dollar and the euro have pre-eminent roles in global cross-border investment positions.**[118]In global cross-border banking positions – which cover assets and liabilities vis-à-vis banks and non-banks – the s of the US dollar and the euro stood at around 50% and 30% respectively at the end of 2017. While the ... |
economics/1632_7b19e75f40c638a9_54.txt | In 1968 Robert Kennedy said Gross National Product counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for the people who break them. It counts the destruction of the redwood and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sp... |
economics/cd64e5c5_16331.txt | - U.K. sanctions Russia as probe blames Putin for deadly 2018 poison attack !-- image -- - Bitcoin prices extend slide, falling below 85,000 !-- image -- - Central Valley recession risk rising due to tariffs, slow job growth, study shows !-- image -- - Massachusetts woman injured, horse dies after she says bicyc... |
economics/f9711125_1249.txt | DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 28 CFR Part 35 [CRT Docket No. 105; AG Order No. 3180– 2010] RIN 1190–AA46 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services AGENCY: Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule revises the regulation of the Department... |
economics/36127_266ef239fe18a818_316.txt | After considering these comments, the Department is retaining the approach proposed in the NPRM, which considers whether the work performed by the worker is an integral part of the employer's business. As discussed below, the Department believes that its proposed approach to the integral factor is more consistent with ... |
economics/42567_4450315beff59869_1.txt | At the heart of the monetary system stands the central bank. As the central bank issues money and maintains its core functions, trust in the monetary system is ultimately grounded in trust in the central bank. However, the central bank does not operate in isolation. Commercial banks and other private payment service pr... |
economics/7d635268_17222.txt | The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine have provided more evidence of how vulnerable fossil fuels are to wild price swings because of economic and political factors. Some experts say the transition to clean energy won't just mitigate climate change, it will also solve massive geopolitical problems, whi... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_367.txt | **Abstract:**In this paper, we find that expected (news) and unexpected (contemporaneous) components of productivity changes have opposite effects on the U.S. real exchange rate. Following Barsky and Sims' (2010) identification method, we decompose U.S. total factor productivity (TFP) into news and contemporaneous prod... |
economics/45358_6df1dc414cd028ee_108.txt | At the risk of getting on a MAGA-DOGE future revenge list, as a disabled veteran I have to say that this disgusted me. It was purely partisan political apologetics. The “media up here” that he dismisses is doing its job of the Fourth Estate being a watchdog on government actions, and that’s why he has to be defensive. ... |
economics/36127_8fbb5f206d9f2588_144.txt | **MS BRUCE:** Well, yes, that’s true. I mean, we know that with – under the previous dynamics that Hamas was able to loot trucks and to steal materiel and to sell it and to use it as – and to weaponize it. But the decisions made – since now GFH has been able to get food in and to distribute it, yes, it is – there have ... |
economics/45358_cf73269f0eab260d_138.txt | The Rothschilds were wary of Germany's ability to continue in the war, despite the financial chaos caused by their agents, the Warburgs, who were financing the Kaiser, and Paul Warburg's brother, Max, who, as head of the German Secret Service, authorized Lenin's train to pass through the lines and execute the Bolshevik... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_522.txt | Section 35.171 also describes agency responsibilities for the processing of employment complaints. As described in connection with §35.140, additional procedures regarding the coordination of employment complaints will be established in a coordination regulation issued by DOJ and EEOC. Agencies with jurisdiction under ... |
economics/50727_eabc0c43bba26594_34.txt | Another area of uncertainty that will influence the growth in global use of BRICS currencies—particularly the renminbi—is how Washington responds to the range of policy initiatives aimed at expanding the use of non-dollar financial channels. Some of these channels are increasingly being used to facilitate transactions ... |
economics/49892_483c468dcb82ce13_213.txt | I have lived in my neighborhood for over 20 years. I love my community and want to continue to live here, and want younger generations of my family to live here and love this place as I have. However, the rent in the city has gotten so expensive that it is out of reach for the regular or low income person and even push... |
economics/58265_54e0adf7730d5531_32.txt | An effective campaign in the metal industries, where there was a noticeable shortage of labour, reduced standard working hours, and led to substantially higher wages. A number of other industries also negotiated wage increases outside the guidelines. Under these circumstances, there was growing pressure on the centrali... |
economics/d2a30af5_1006.txt | Gini coefficients of income are calculated on a market income and a disposable income basis. The Gini coefficient on market income—sometimes referred to as a pre-tax Gini coefficient—is calculated on income before taxes and transfers. It measures inequality in income without considering the effect of taxes and social s... |
economics/15121_f03458d8a056e93d_89.txt | The U.S. government has been particularly prolific in many of these areas. After the Russian effort to interfere in the 2016 election, Washington announced a number of sanctions on Russian individuals and organizations.1 It also announced criminal charges—in 2018 against five Russian organizations and nineteen Russian ... |
economics/51230_c497036948ef63c4_2.txt | To this extent, the re-election of Trump presents Putin with both an opportunity and a risk. The opportunity derives from the possibility of turning Trump into an agent of Ukraineâs defeat by encouraging him to persuade Kyiv that there is no alternative to signing a peace agreement on Russian terms. The risk is that ... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_9.txt | To enhance accessibility strides made since the enactment of the ADA, commenters asked the Department to focus on previously unregulated areas such as ticketing in assembly areas; reservations for hotel rooms, rental cars, and boat slips; and captioning. They also asked for clarification on some issues in the 1991 regu... |
economics/36127_266ef239fe18a818_466.txt | (5) *Extent to which the work performed is an integral part of the potential employer's business.* This factor considers whether the work performed is an integral part of the potential employer's business. This factor does not depend on whether any individual worker in particular is an integral part of the business, bu... |
economics/3244_fe0ccee751f99206_22.txt | System setup: In picker-to-parts systems, pickers move toward the SKUs’ storage locations to retrieve the requested number of products defined on their (nowadays electronic) pick lists. The pickers are equipped with either a manual cart or drive on a motorised cart. The SKUs are stored in racks, typically arranged to t... |
economics/18506_761ef0b3ead91cdd_6.txt | While these studies mainly focus on technological change in the twentieth and twenty first centuries, it is suggested in many of those contributions (Acemoglu 1998. Why do new technologies complement skills? Directed technical change and wage inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 1055–1090."), 2002. Direc... |
economics/10511_f03458d8a056e93d_26.txt | Reversing the decline of local journalism is an extremely costly proposition, at least in the United States, because the scale of downsizing has been so large. A Georgetown University study found that newspapers employed 150,000 fewer people in 2022 compared to the 1980s—a decline of 63 percent. Although web publishers... |
economics/835d52b3_18407.txt | - December 2016 - November 2016 - October 2016 - September 2016 - August 2016 - July 2016 - June 2016 - May 2016 - April 2016 - March 2016 - February 2016 - January 2016 |
economics/49892_3f91a5df06034843_173.txt | So that’s an argument where basically social or supported housing is a compliment to market housing. It’s not a substitute and I think that’s one of the...one of my get out of jail cards when some of my critics come along and say, "You’re just like a shield for developers and it’s all about profit for you." I have one ... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_101.txt | **No. 2106****Nonlinear Search and Matching Explained** **Joshua Bernstein, Alexander W. Richter and Nathaniel Throckmorton** **Abstract:** Competing explanations for the sources of nonlinearity in search and matching models indicate that they are not fully understood. This paper derives an analytical solution to a tex... |
economics/9ff9f04c_17265.txt | passed one dollar a gallon in 1979, and there were long lines at gas stations and widespread fears of gas shortages. Gas prices remained high through 1980, and price increases in gasoline were passed along to the consumer. The high price of gasoline was 1.27 in 1979, which, in 2004 prices, would be 3.27. |
economics/18095_d20017cf7afe1aeb_3.txt | * Extreme poverty here is defined according to the UN’s definition of living on less than $3 a day — an extremely low threshold needed to monitor and draw attention to the living conditions of the poorest around the world. Read more in our article, The $3 a day International Poverty Line. * Global poverty data relies o... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_109.txt | **No. 2101****How the New Fed Municipal Bond Facility Capped Muni-Treasury Yield Spreads in the COVID-19 Recession** **Michael D. Bordo and John V. Duca** Published as: Bordo, Michael D. and John V. Duca (2023), "How the New Fed Municipal Bond Facility Capped Municipal-Treasury Yield Spreads in the COVID-19 Recession,"... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_924.txt | First, though the NPRM discussed excusing noncompliance that “does not prevent” equal access, § 35.205 excuses noncompliance that “would not affect” such access. The Department was concerned that the use of “does not” could have been incorrectly read to require a showing that a specific individual did not have substant... |
economics/4995_b6901d0da68d3f6e_564.txt | WTO. The 1994 GATT pact also created the World Trade Organization (WTO) to enforce free-trade rules. If a nation feels its exports are being unfairly excluded from another country’s market, it can file a complaint with the WTO. This is exactly what the United States did when the EU banned U.S. beef imports. The WTO rul... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_202.txt | Because many in the ticketing industry view season tickets and other multi-event packages differently from individual tickets, the Department bifurcated some season ticket provisions from those concerning single-event tickets in the NPRM. This structure, however, resulted in some provisions being repeated for both type... |
economics/417_135725d9b008f05b_384.txt | commitments to keep their budget deficits within certain bounds. Under the Stability and Growth Pact, which came into effect in 1999 for all EMU countries, the government deficit of an EMU member cannot exceed 3% of GDP without penalties being imposed. Thus, in the case of a transition from payas-you-go to fully funded... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_474.txt | **No. 9911****Oil Price Shocks and the U.S. Economy: Where Does the Asymmetry Originate?** **Nathan S. Balke, Stephen P. A. Brown and Mine Yucel** Published as: Balke, Nathan S., Stephen P.A. Brown and Mine K. Yucel (2002), "Oil Price Shocks and the U.S. Economy: Where Does the Asymmetry Originate?," *The Energy Journa... |
economics/417_33efbefebec1d1c6_397.txt | spending? Since the output demand curve in Figure 11.22(b) shifted to the right by the increase in government spending, the equilibrium increase in current output must be less than the increase in government spending. The total multiplier is less than one, and it will become smaller as the size of the wealth effect on ... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_941.txt | The Department has considered all of the comments it received on this issue and, based on those comments and its own independent assessment, decided not to separately excuse an entity’s isolated or temporary noncompliance with § 35.200(b) due to maintenance or repairs in subpart H of this part. Rather, as stated in § 3... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_825.txt | Commenters noted that in many cases, public educational institutions do not generate course content themselves, but instead procure such content through third-party vendors. As a result, some commenters stated, public educational institutions may be dependent on vendors to make their course content accessible, many of ... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_487.txt | The final rule includes a new §35.135, entitles "Personal devices and services," which states that the provision of personal devices and services is not required by title II. This new section, which serves as a limitation on all of the requirements of the regulation, replaces §35.160(b)(2) of the proposed rule, which a... |
economics/3244_1525ece966560489_130.txt | Once that technology enters the Chinese system, a positive cycle begins. (See figure 23.) Chinese companies (often many more companies than will end up surviving) start to produce the innovation, usually at a lower level of quality and lower price point. But because of robust levels of state support, as well as an ofte... |
economics/5557_23aa0d55f47f86f1_116.txt | **3.60** We have made several changes to the costings of **reforms to the non-domicile regime**, but overall these leave the estimated revenue from the measures in March 2024 and October 2024 broadly unchanged. Modelling improvements and the latest information on the stock of non-domiciled taxpayers have added to the y... |
economics/5557_23aa0d55f47f86f1_33.txt | **2.2** Relative to our March forecast, the economic outlook is characterised by somewhat weaker medium-term real GDP growth, higher near-term inflation, and a more fiscally favourable composition of nominal GDP growth. We have revised down our central forecast for underlying medium-term productivity growth by 0.3 perc... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_373.txt | By contrast, venue owners and operators and others commented that the action on the sports field is self-explanatory and does not require captioning and they objected to an explicit requirement to provide real-time captioning for all information broadcast on the PA system at a sporting event. Other commenters objected ... |
economics/5557_23aa0d55f47f86f1_22.txt | **1.20 Spending as a of GDP is forecast to rise from 44 per cent in 2024-25 to 45 per cent in 2025-26 and then fall back to 44 per cent of GDP by 2030-31.** This would also be 5 percentage points above its pre-pandemic level**.** The projected fall in spending over the forecast period mainly comes from slower growth i... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_1001.txt | Section 35.211(b)(3) does not require that accessible MDE be dispersed with exact mathematical proportionality, which at times would be impossible. Section 35.211(b)(3) also does not require public entities to acquire additional MDE, beyond the amount specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2), to ensure that accessible MD... |
economics/15121_4fe0806401678203_798.txt | The Department believes the balance this exception strikes thus ensures accessibility to the extent feasible without requiring public entities to take actions that may be impossible or lead to problematic outcomes as described previously. These problematic outcomes include public entities needing to characterize indepe... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_613.txt | Thus, under the ADA as amended, it is not necessary, as it was prior to the ADA Amendments Act and following the Supreme Court’s decision in *Sutton*, for an individual to demonstrate that a covered entity perceived him as substantially limited in the ability to perform a major life activity in order for the individual... |
economics/15121_964732635a2ce452_17.txt | (iii) The modification of any sealed bid or negotiated contract (whether or not *certified cost or pricing data* were initially required) or any *subcontract* covered by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this subsection. *Price* adjustment amounts *must* consider both increases and decreases (e.g., a $500,000 modification result... |
economics/53848bf6_16547.txt | Private property rights are protected in the Malagasy legal system, with the Code of Commerce as the basis of that protection. In 2000, the Malagasy Arbitration and Mediation Center (CAMM) was created to facilitate the resolution of commercial disputes. Many private contracts now include arbitration clauses.Madagascar ... |
economics/0cce7cde_1102.txt | Following a positive oil price shock (Fig. A.1), household incomes rise on impact, leading to higher consumption expenditures. As a consequence, the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and labor increases, resulting in higher wages and consequently rising marginal costs and higher prices for domestically ... |
economics/4995_b6901d0da68d3f6e_184.txt | attracted swarms of imitators. Over 250 firms entered the microcomputer industry between 1976 and 1983 in search of high profits. The entry of so many firms transformed the industry’s market structure: The industry became more competitive, even though not perfectly competitive. The increased competition pushed prices d... |
economics/00aae65d_16903.txt | and this can hold only if u ( c ) gt; 0 displaystyle u'''(c) gt;0 . Therefore, DARA implies that the utility function is positively skewed; that is, u ( c ) gt; 0 displaystyle u'''(c) gt;0 . 9 Analogously, IARA can be derived with the opposite directions of inequalities, which permits but does not requi... |
economics/49892_3f91a5df06034843_26.txt | So this is not to say that Shenzhen is a northern city, but it really testifies to the cosmopolitan nature of the city, that it is located in the southern tip. And it has a very rich southern history of China, but it is a city of migrants from all across China. And it’s really, I would say the most diverse city in Chin... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_648.txt | Section 35.104 defines “web content” as the information and sensory experience to be communicated to the user by means of a user agent, including code or markup that defines the content’s structure, presentation, and interactions. Examples of web content include text, images, sounds, videos, controls, animations, and c... |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_539.txt | Other commenters asked the Department to include arthritis, neuropathy, and other examples of physical or mental impairments that could substantially impair a major life activity. The Department declines to add any other examples because, while it notes the value in clarifying the existence of impairments such as ADHD,... |
economics/45358_cf73269f0eab260d_76.txt | It is hardly surprising that the most popular host in London would also become a very successful businessman, particularly with the House of Rothschild supporting him behind the scenes. Peabody often operated with a capital of 500,000 pounds on hand, and became very astute in his buying and selling on both sides of the... |
economics/3d734111_15830.txt | Morissette, René. Unionization in Canada, 1981 to 2022. Economic and Social Reports, no. 36 28 0001, Statistics Canada, 23 Nov. 2022. DOI:10.25318 36280001202201100001 eng. https: www150.statcan.gc.ca n1 pub 36-28-0001 2022011 article 00001-eng.htm |
economics/417_33efbefebec1d1c6_328.txt | higher current consumption as well. She can consume more currently by borrowing against her future income and repaying the loan when she starts working. In Figure 9.8 we show the effects of an increase for the consumer in future income, from y 1= to y 2= . This has an effect similar to the increase in current income on... |
economics/45358_6df1dc414cd028ee_254.txt | “Hey y’all…it’s me again” … Great, a week on the job and already a total lack of professional bearing. Please spare me the Jerry Falwell bumpkin buddy chat…you are leading a massively important agency. Don’t try to sell me on what’s great for the VA and our current political administration is better than what’s right f... |
economics/1632_e7092497f88afe56_53.txt | **Abstract:** This paper documents the effect of the oil embargo and price cap on Russian oil exports in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. We show that the embargo forced Russia to accept a $32/bbl discount on its Urals crude in March 2023 relative to January 2022, nearly half of which is di... |
economics/acfefd31_16162.txt | - Noha Elbadawy, Multimedia content - Melinda Weir, Production Manager - Rekia Ennaboulssi, Web Manager - Marta Doroszczyk, Digital Marketing - Natalia Venegas Figueroa, Digital Marketing - Kwabena Akuamoah-Boateng, Social Media Editor |
economics/19210_4fe0806401678203_740.txt | A smaller number of commenters urged the Department to adopt a longer compliance time frame in order to allow live-captioning technology to develop further. Some of these commenters supported a longer time frame for smaller entities in particular, which may have fewer resources or budgetary flexibility to comply. Other... |
economics/127ead5f_16387.txt | FRED Blog A plodding dollar: The recent decrease in the velocity of money FRED Blog M2 velocity and inflation ALFRED Vintage Series Velocity of M2 Money Stock FRASER Historical Document H.6 Money Stock Measures Velocity of M1 Money Stock See More... |
economics/39251_6f1f8436e0539f75_61.txt | In particular, defensive realists believe China and the United States alike could benefit from policies designed to enhance security (as opposed to simply maximizing power), even if competition continued in other realms. They recommend primarily defensive military postures designed to limit Beijing’s ability to project... |
economics/6306225a_1053.txt | Note: Index is a weighted average of each currency's share of globally disclosed FX reserves (25 percent weight), FX transaction volume (25 percent), foreign currency debt issuance (25 percent), foreign currency and international banking claims (12.5 percent), and foreign currency and international banking liabilities ... |
economics/47480_bf6b0e0aa0cc58ef_115.txt | Greece's 2023 fire season was reviewed at length by Xanthopoulos et al. (2024). It was the second worst on record regarding total area burned (1727âkm2), despite recent efforts to strengthen the firefighting mechanism of the country with more aerial resources and new personnel, after another challenging fire season ... |
economics/8635_c63846d0e9036a91_602.txt | Nonlethal Effects So far, toxicities have been described primarily in terms of the ultimate effect— deaths of organisms or lethality. This is obviously an irreversible consequence of exposure. In many, and perhaps most, cases, sublethal and reversible effects are of greater importance. This is obviously true of drugs, ... |
economics/45358_6df1dc414cd028ee_4.txt | Ok chief I’m a 60% DV served in the Air Force so you say there is no cuts at the VA. So all the Veterans that they laid off is made up that’s why no one believes in the government anymore its just hurry up and wait BS. if you served you know what that means. How can anyone work for a person that has dodged service and ... |
economics/50727_bfa796a7be2ae232_43.txt | Sources: BIS, ECB and ECB staff calculations. Notes: left panel: growth in US dollar lending refers to quarterly changes in cross-border loans and deposits in US dollars of BIS reporting banks; NEER stands for nominal effective exchange rate (positive changes indicate a US dollar appreciation); the sample period is Q1 ... |
economics/48185_23ff43d1a6b4bac5_61.txt | | | | --- | | **Course Number: 2310** **Credit Hours:** 3 **Title:** Introduction to Teacher Education **Course Description:** An orientation to the organization and professional components of education in the United States with emphasis on Teacher Education in Texas. | | **Course Number: 2342** **Credit Hours:*... |
economics/10511_f03458d8a056e93d_43.txt | A large body of research indicates that fact-ing can be an effective way to correct false beliefs about specific claims, especially for audiences that are not heavily invested in the partisan elements of the claims. However, influencing factual beliefs does not necessarily result in attitudinal or behavioral changes, s... |
economics/8635_c63846d0e9036a91_482.txt | 18.8. SULFUR Sulfur is an important nonmetal; its greatest single use is in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. However, the element is employed in a wide variety of other industrial and agricultural products. Current consumption of sulfur amounts to approximately 10 million metric tons per year in the United States. The... |
economics/b865d3a9_0176.txt | Regulatory Process Matters (SBREFA, Regulatory Flexibility Act, and Executive Orders) The Department must provide two types of assessments as part of its final rule: an analysis of the costs and benefits of adopting the changes contained in this rule, and a periodic review of its existing regulations to consider their ... |
economics/49892_3f91a5df06034843_17.txt | While management is foundational to any organization, engineering management in particular presents its own set of challenges—especially in high-growth environments. How and when should your engineers pay down technical debt? How do you tackle a seemingly endless stream of migrations? How do you ensure that each engine... |
economics/4995_b6901d0da68d3f6e_304.txt | In natural monopolies, marginal costs are typically low—very low. Supplying another kilowatt of electricity entails negligible marginal cost. Carrying one more passenger on a railroad or subway entails similarly negligible costs. Even if marginal costs rise as production increases (the law of diminishing returns), marg... |
MM-BRIGHT text-and-image queries retrieving reasoning-intensive technical passages in the Economics domain.
| Task category | Any2AnyRetrieval (image+text-to-text) |
| Domains | Academic, Web, Medical, Legal, Religious |
| Reference | {MM-BRIGHT |
Source datasets:
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightEconomicsIT2TRetrieval")
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
mteb.evaluate(model, task)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@article{abdallah2026mmbright,
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
author = {Abdelrahman Abdallah and Mohamed Darwish Mounis and Mahmoud Abdalla and Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem and Mostafa Farouk Senussi and Mohamed Mahmoud and Mohammed Ali and Adam Jatowt and Hyun-Soo Kang},
eprint = {2601.09562},
primaryclass = {cs.IR},
title = {{MM-BRIGHT}: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09562},
year = {2026},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightEconomicsIT2TRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"test": {
"num_samples": 18459,
"num_queries": 28,
"num_documents": 18431,
"number_of_characters": 28052907,
"documents_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 28018707,
"min_text_length": 50,
"average_text_length": 1520.1946177635505,
"max_text_length": 671210,
"unique_texts": 16244
},
"documents_image_statistics": null,
"documents_audio_statistics": null,
"documents_video_statistics": null,
"queries_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 34200,
"min_text_length": 396,
"average_text_length": 1221.4285714285713,
"max_text_length": 3499,
"unique_texts": 28
},
"queries_image_statistics": {
"min_image_width": 445,
"average_image_width": 1171.25,
"max_image_width": 2636,
"min_image_height": 110,
"average_image_height": 1074.8214285714287,
"max_image_height": 3134,
"unique_images": 28
},
"queries_audio_statistics": null,
"queries_video_statistics": null,
"relevant_docs_statistics": {
"num_relevant_docs": 58,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 2.0714285714285716,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 3,
"unique_relevant_docs": 58,
"num_missing_query_ids": 0,
"num_missing_corpus_ids": 0
},
"top_ranked_statistics": {
"num_top_ranked": 514962,
"min_top_ranked_per_query": 18304,
"average_top_ranked_per_query": 18391.5,
"max_top_ranked_per_query": 18431
}
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB