MM-BRIGHT: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval
Paper • 2601.09562 • Published
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gis/23377_a7ff75d105faecf9_9.txt | * If/else statements and for-loops should be avoided completely and replaced with filter/map/reduce. The former are sequential and will be slow. Refer to the [Function Programming Concepts](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_03) guide on how to restructure your code to utilize the parallel... |
gis/214616_edc7e8de1b023050_17.txt | After finishing my architecture undergrad degree, I stepped into design roles that were a bit unconventional, but ones that enabled me to explore critical design thinking. The Master of Design Engineering program is about applying design thinking into various fields, not necessarily just for architecture or the built e... |
gis/3336_55cce4d3d3500397_1001.txt | Similarly, those who designed the great construction projects of Poverty Point or Hopewell were clearly drawing on esoteric knowledge of some sort – astronomical, mythic, numerological – which was contiguous with the practical knowledge of maths, engineering and construction, not to mention techniques of organizing and... |
gis/214616_edc7e8de1b023050_16.txt | As far as personal development, I would say that I’m not the same right now as I was six weeks into the semester or at the beginning of this semester. Graduate studies have expanded my own conception of what architecture is, what architecture can be, and what architecture can do. And I think that that’s pretty powerful... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_813.txt | Applying the CO²CHAIN method of Lurin et al (2023) on high-resolution topography, we studied the debris-flow domain in various mountain catchments in France and the United States, where debris-flow evidence has been found. First, combining the CO²CHAIN and DrEICH methods to detect channel heads and the fluvial upstream... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_644.txt | Isotope analysis, particularly for the determination of δ13C and δ15N in archaeobotanical remains, is a recognized method within the field of archaeology. Until now, the primary focus of these analyses has been on archaeobotanical remains directly related to dietary practices. The significant impact of the Cistercian O... |
gis/25126_a553d6d8452aed71_150.txt | * &&&(geometry,gidx)") - Availability: 2.3.0 support for Block Range INdexes (BRIN) was introduced. Returns TRUE if a geometry's (cached) n-D bounding box intersects a n-D float precision bounding box (GIDX). * &&&(gidx,geometry)") - Availability: 2.3.0 support for Block Range INdexes (BRIN) was introduced. Returns TRU... |
gis/25126_a553d6d8452aed71_42.txt | * ST\_AsEncodedPolyline â Returns an Encoded Polyline from a LineString geometry. * ST\_AsFlatGeobuf â Return a FlatGeobuf representation of a set of rows. * ST\_AsGeobuf â Return a Geobuf representation of a set of rows. * ST\_AsGeoJSON â Return a geometry or feature in GeoJSON format. * ST\_AsGML â Return t... |
gis/29637_fcb42df643ac17fc_77.txt | 'Legato' is personal computer software for analyzing radiometric pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) data. The software is written in the C programming language and executes under Windows 95/98/NT operating systems. It includes all operations normally required to convert pressure-paint image intensities to normalized pressu... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_631.txt | In antiquity, the development of techniques to collect and store water was fundamental to sustain life in arid regions. One way to overcome the problem of water supply in the desert was to construct water reservoirs and cisterns which collect surface runoff during rare rain events. Indeed, open reservoirs and rock-cut ... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_845.txt | Predicting the impact of the present-day global warming on the world’s shorelines is crucial for mapping future coastal hazards. Coastal environments are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the balance in the accumulation, distribution and erosion of nearshore sediments is controlled by various climate-fo... |
gis/214616_c233ed1d83ca1d3a_2.txt | A 180 m deep ice core from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, was drilled by a team led by Nancy Bertler in 2001/2002[10]. The top 50 m of the ice core was analysed at 2.5 cm resolution using a continuous melting system. Ice core samples were analysed for stable isotope ratios, major ions and trace elements. An age model was ex... |
gis/43037_4fa5b0def7509ad0_116.txt | The user must specify the grid resolution of the output raster (`resolution`), and optionally, the name of the input LiDAR file (`input`) and output raster (`output`). Note that if an input LiDAR file (`input`) is not specified by the user, the tool will search for all valid LiDAR (\*.las, \*.laz, \*.zlidar) files cont... |
gis/27303_6bcfdb1871af3363_150.txt | * && - Availability: 1.5.0 support for geography was introduced. Returns TRUE if A's 2D bounding box intersects B's 2D bounding box. * PostGIS\_LibXML\_Version - Availability: 1.5 Returns the version number of the libxml2 library. * ST\_AddMeasure - Availability: 1.5.0 Interpolates measures along a linear geometry. * S... |
gis/27303_6bcfdb1871af3363_15.txt | * A **geodetic** SRS uses angular coordinates (longitude and latitude) which map directly to the surface of the earth. * A **projected** SRS uses a mathematical projection transformation to "flatten" the surface of the spheroidal earth onto a plane. It assigns location coordinates in a way that allows direct measuremen... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_231.txt | point of reference, Greenland has a land area of 2,166,086 km2, which is smaller than the United States at 9,158,960 km2, but on the Mercator projection, Greenland is represented as larger than the United States. In general, you can see that landmasses in the upper latitudes on the Mercator projection are considerably ... |
gis/240716_18bc285b25e14f46_56.txt | This database provides an overview of the studies being conducted by the Long Valley Observatory in eastern California from 1975 to 2001. The database includes geologic, monitoring, and topographic datasets related to Long Valley caldera. The CD-ROM contains a scan of the original geologic map of the Long Valley region... |
gis/6822_1a0bde05ad9e11aa_10.txt | 1. The blue arrow indicates the direction of true north (the North Star). 2. The central blue point represents Earth (the observer's location). 3. The black arrow represents the zenith direction for the observer (which would vary depending on the observer's latitude). 4. The two black circles represent the horizon surr... |
gis/6526_e5f63accf063bf34_784.txt | Notejoy (makes collaborative notes for team). Kahootz (brings stakeholders together to form communities of interest). Nowbridge (offers team connectivity, ability to see participants). Walkabout Workplace (is a 3D virtual office for remote teams). RealtimeBoard (is a enterprise visual collaboration). Quora (is a popula... |
gis/82807_fee15cbb169eb543_175.txt | The primary benefit of energy efficiency is energy savings for older buildings—in terms of annual consumption and peak demand savings—both for their cost savings and as an environmental strategy to mitigate climate change. *FIG 6.* But energy savings can also have ancillary positive effects. If the retrofit involves th... |
gis/25126_032391cfaa43a9d3_8.txt | | | | | --- | --- | | [Note] | | | Sandboxed build accounts that are not PostgreSQL superusers can delegate database ownership during the regression cycle by exporting `POSTGIS_REGRESS_DB_OWNER`. The harness will create the temporary regression database owned by the nominated role while continuing to connect using t... |
gis/80627bb4_0661.txt | Accuracy – 1) In archaeological predictive models, the ability to correctly predict site presence in a parcel of land (see Precision). Accuracy is a function of the percentage of known sites that are in medium and high probability areas. 2) In spatial data, the ability to represent the true locations of geographic feat... |
gis/225368_2f787f035d91ab04_294.txt | Let’s start with a simple example for which we need two cells, the first one with some heading and explaining text and the second one with some simple Python code. To add a second cell, you can simply click on the !plus symbol symbol. The new cell will be added below the first one and become the new active cell shown b... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_17.txt | Wiggin’s (1990) “density dial,” in which class break points on choropleth maps were manipulated to identify and enhance spatial patterns. The idea is that users of the density dial could discover previously unknown spatial patterns. In contrast, MacEachren argued that communication is exemplified by the “you are here” ... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_2108.txt | The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) was negotiated and adopted in 2017, entered into force 2021, and currently has been signed by 93 states, of which 69 have ratified. The Treaty was born out of concern about the devastating impact of nuclear war and growing frustration among non-nuclear-weapon stat... |
gis/25126_032391cfaa43a9d3_39.txt | * ST\_Box2dFromGeoHash â Retorna uma CAIXA2D de uma string GeoHash. * ST\_GeomFromGeoHash â Retorna uma geometria de uma string GeoHash. * ST\_GeomFromGML â Utiliza como entrada uma representação GML de geometria e como saÃda um objeto de geometria PostGIS * ST\_GeomFromGeoJSON â Utiliza como entrada uma rep... |
gis/b4542ccb_1188.txt | This tutorial is now obsolete. A new and updated version is available at Nearest Neighbor Analysis (QGIS3) |
gis/29863_89baa38c4f869ccf_189.txt | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Work Plan (Mastery) | Demonstrates conceptual understanding of GIS concepts and operations. (25pts) | Demonstrates an understanding of most GIS concepts, but appears unclear about some. (15pts) | Demonstrates a complete lack of understanding of most GIS concepts and op... |
gis/12833_97595044027efafe_239.txt | The NDVI and other vegetation indexes have been used extensively with AVHRR data to monitor natural vegetation and crop condition, identify deforestation in the tropics, and monitor areas undergoing desertification and drought. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Global Land Cover Characterization dat... |
gis/b9a47deb_0770.txt | Changed in version 2.2: This class has been removed, because the service is too unreliable. See #445. |
gis/6526_e5f63accf063bf34_807.txt | The machine evaluated each question, usually to be found in a bank of FAQs, and gener- ated an answer matched to each question. Obviously, if the question was not in the FAQ collection, the machine provided irrelevant answers. In addition, because the power of the natural language understanding was limited, some questi... |
gis/3336_55cce4d3d3500397_391.txt | All this may seem exotic. However, it echoes the way exploited people everywhere and throughout history tend to feel about their situation: their bosses, or landlords, or superiors are blood-sucking vampires, and they are treated at best as pets and at worst as cattle. It’s just that in the Americas, a handful of socie... |
gis/eb540294_20278.txt | We recommend using the PostgreSQL COPY command to load data from one or more files. COPY is optimized for bulk data loads. It s more efficient than running a large number of INSERT statements or even multi-valued INSERTS. |
gis/12833_64827df43840f570_318.txt | Organisational capacity in terms of resources and care circuits to shorten response times in new stroke cases is key to obtaining positive outcomes. This study compares therapeutic approaches and treatment outcomes between traditional care centres (with stroke teams and no stroke unit) and centres with stroke units. We... |
gis/17633_e4074ca4e3b23d1d_33.txt | 1. Take care of yourself first. (And, no, that's not a selfish No. 1.) Being a better you will make you happier, as well as your significant other, because, newsflash: taking care of you is not the sole job of your partner. Right now, it's more important than ever to "feel your feelings," writes Ms. Marin, adding that ... |
gis/3563427e_20228.txt | The standard procedure starts the same as for raster georeferencing: open QGIS and add a layer to the map canvas to use as a reference. This can be a georeferenced raster or vector layer, or a WMS layer. |
gis/29637_fcb42df643ac17fc_68.txt | I present an overview of the "openDB format" for storing, archiving, and processing VLBI data. In this scheme, most VLBI data is stored in NetCDF files. NetCDF has the advantage that there are interfaces to most common computer languages including Fortran, Fortran-90, C, C++, Perl, etc, and the most common operating sy... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1386.txt | The eroded volume is expressed as a fraction of the available dune volume in that specific transect. The maximum dune erosion under storm conditions in the period 1959 to 2022, estimated by the XBeach and the storm impact model are 7.7% and 32.9%, respectively. These numerical results suggest that the dune system is ca... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_666.txt | Recently, numerous approaches to the assessment of sites of Earth Sciences interest have been introduced and the conservation of geoheritage is already seen as highly important. Although there is still an emphasis on the protection of living nature, geoconservation continuously gets more attention and recognition and ... |
gis/e4e92039_19837.txt | At this point it was starting to look more like a pencil sketch than a true hachure map, so I ran with that and added color. There s kind of a combination of slope and shadow hachuring here, with stroke width representing slope and color representing shadowing. |
gis/225368_2f787f035d91ab04_204.txt | So, once you've done that, now we have to enter in some code to get this to convert. So, if you- if you can, you could sometimes get away with just doing py uic - x for executable, and then we can change- we can say pyqtdesigner.ui- that's what I saved it as- yeah, and then dash O for the output file, and we're just- w... |
gis/3807_4fa5b0def7509ad0_54.txt | The algorithm is based on the highly efficient distance transform of Shih and Wu (2003). It makes four passes of the image; the first pass initializes the output image; the second and third passes calculate the minimum squared Euclidean distance by examining the 3 x 3 neighbourhood surrounding each cell; the last pass ... |
gis/225368_2f787f035d91ab04_472.txt | To be able to build polylines for the bus tracks and update these whenever a new observation has been processed by the analyzer, we need to maintain dictionaries with the QGIS features and point lists for each bus vehicle track. These are created at the beginning of the constructor code in lines 6 and 7. In addition, t... |
gis/41153_2f787f035d91ab04_271.txt | | Character | Purpose | | --- | --- | | **Literal Characters** | | | a, A, 1, etc. | Matches the character itself. | | **Dot (.)** | | | . | Matches any single character except a newline. | | **Anchors** | | | ^ | Matches at the start of the string. | | $ | Matches at the end of the string. | | **Character Classes** | ... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_533.txt | We demonstrate our approach using elementary landslide runout models across varying fidelity levels, investigating the impact of data representation—specifically, comparing point data to time series data—while considering data characteristics such as velocity and distance. Additionally, we calibrated the discrepancy pa... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1680.txt | In this contribution, we will present the approach and results of the new data-driven consensus estimation of regional and global mass changes from glaciological, DEM-differencing, altimetric, and gravimetric methods. Our reconciled estimate suggests a global glacier mass loss of about 5,500 Gt from 2000 to 2022, with ... |
gis/fa30b0eb_1247.txt | The peak memory usage of this tool is approximately 10 bytes per grid cell. O'Callaghan, J. F., & Mark, D. M. (1984). The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data. Computer vision, graphics, and image processing, 28(3), 323-344. See Also: DInfPointer, FD8Pointer, BreachDepressions, FillDepressions Py... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_168.txt | Weighted averaging Calculates an average value based on the positions of existing points and neighboring points, with only the endpoints remaining the same; maintains the same number of points as the original line; algorithms can be easily adapted to different smoothing conditions by adjusting tolerance values (e.g., t... |
gis/f20a506a_19695.txt | The term centroid was coined in 1814. 3 It is used as a substitute for the older terms center of gravity and center of mass when the purely geometrical aspects of that point are to be emphasized. The term is particular to the English language; French, for instance, uses centre de gravité on most occasio... |
gis/3807_4fa5b0def7509ad0_145.txt | The measure of local topographic position used for MsLLI and MsEI is the difference from a Gaussian-weighted mean elevation (DIFFGaussian), effectively a high-pass Gaussian filter. For each tested scale in the scale range the original DEM is differenced from a smoothed DEM resulting from Gaussian filtering with a kerne... |
gis/6526_e5f63accf063bf34_615.txt | An alternative representation of the decision table is a decision tree. A decision tree shows the relationships of the problem graphically and can handle complex situations in a compact form. However, a decision tree can be cumbersome if there are many al- ternatives or states of nature. TreeAge Pro (TreeAge Software I... |
gis/3188_19f890bf16096759_3.txt | *Scientists agree that a pathogen is likely to cause a global pandemic in the near future. But which one? And how? Over the past fifty years, more than three hundred infectious diseases have either newly emerged or reemerged, appearing in territories where they've never been seen before. Ninety percent of epidemiologis... |
gis/6526_f5654afa4374c414_77.txt | without the quantifying adverb *often* is unambiguously atemporal, ascribing enduring skittishness to purebred racehorses *in general*. (Thus *in general* appears to be the implicit default adverbial.) But when the quantifying adverb is present, the sentence admits both an atemporal reading according to which many pure... |
gis/23377_6b2a2e7d40671247_0.txt | [Ambient Point 1](/organizations/ambient-point/) [Athenæum of Philadelphia 2](/organizations/athen%C3%A6um-of-philadelphia/) [Azavea 1](/organizations/azavea/) [Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia 1](/organizations/bicycle-coalition-of-greater-philadelphia/) [City of Philadelphia 297](/organizations/city-of-phila... |
gis/a2cd61d9_1978.txt | Diagram showing parts of the Earth system. Image Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Explore the energy and matter cycles found within the Earth System. |
gis/225368_2f787f035d91ab04_4.txt | * Scientific Computing: Designed with data science and scientific computing in mind. * Integrated with Anaconda: Comes as part of the Anaconda distribution, which is popular among data scientists. * Interactive Console: Allows for interactive testing and debugging. * Variable Explorer: Provides a graphical interface to... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_173.txt | The original spatial data, taken from the U.S. Bureau of the Census TIGER files, is in light gray, whereas the generalized feature is in black. Note that many of the original points have been eliminated, thus simplifying the features. Unfortunately, the effects of this approach—as with most generalization processes—are... |
gis/240716_18bc285b25e14f46_243.txt | This paper presents three new maps of global seismicity compiled from NOAA digital data, covering the interval 1963-1998, with three different magnitude ranges (mb): greater than 3.5, less than 3.5, and all detectable magnitudes. A commercially available geographic information system (GIS) was used as the database mana... |
gis/3188_6ea71c07f0d0e0fb_47.txt | Health planners are confronted with the problem of selecting the optimum location for a health facility in relation to the spatial distribution of the catchment population and infrastructural facilities already in place. Although this is not an easy exercise, the application of GIS may aid in decision-making. A study t... |
gis/82807_2f787f035d91ab04_125.txt | By using the *json()* method of the response object in line 9, we get a Python data structure that will represent the JSON response and store it in variable *jsonCode*. In this case, it is a dictionary that under the key “items” contains a Python list with dictionaries for the individual book items returned. In line 11... |
gis/25126_2775639262152e76_100.txt | 1. `[rast1]` - Pixel value of the pixel of interest from `rast1` 2. `[rast1.val]` - Pixel value of the pixel of interest from `rast1` 3. `[rast1.x]` - 1-based pixel column of the pixel of interest from `rast1` 4. `[rast1.y]` - 1-based pixel row of the pixel of interest from `rast1` 5. `[rast2]` - Pixel value of the pix... |
gis/8a0c2301_1674.txt | What? A method for producing electricity using generators powered by turbines that convert the potential energy of falling or rapidly flowing water into mechanical energy. How? These tools help simulate and model waves, their interactions, and hydrodynamic forces; forecast energy production; facilitate data collection ... |
gis/82807_2f787f035d91ab04_83.txt | 1. Save your script as **debugger\_walkthrough.py**. You can optionally run the script, but you won't get a result. 2. Click **View** > **Toolbars** and ensure **Debug** is ed. You should see a toolbar like this: !PyScripter Debugging Toolbar Many IDEs have debugging toolbars like this, and the tools they contain are p... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_406.txt | The sensitivity analysis conducted in the index construction outlined in this study, recommends that the development of indexes proceed cautiously, accompanied by expert guidance. This approach ensures that the portrayal of social vulnerability remains both reasonable and consistent. Furthermore, the existence of other... |
gis/276794_dcf2da13873a118d_94.txt | In fact, there is a specialized function for reclassification in the raster package called reclassify. The function accepts a raster (which we would like to reclassify) and a numeric vector or matrix (specifying the rules of reclassification). For example, if we supply a numeric vector, it should be composed of triplet... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1723.txt | River-floodplains are coupled systems in which the conveyance and cycling of sediment over centuries to millennia set the morphological and sedimentological boundary conditions that control fluvial processes over shorter time periods (e.g., years to decades). Although this is well known, understanding how such processe... |
gis/3336_63658eadd5e40a5e_108.txt | Accepting the spherical shape of the world and the assumed size of the *oikoumene* upon it, some theorists wondered whether there were other *oikoumenai* or even uninhabited dry lands on the globe. The Ocean excited curiosity among the ancients, because it was immeasurable and thus unlimited. This lack of solid knowled... |
gis/9520614d_19991.txt | You can change the font of the legend title, group, subgroup and item (feature) in the legend item using the font selector widget, providing all the capabilities of text formatting (font spacing control, mixed HTML formatting, coloring, blending, background, text buffer, shadow, â ) |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1614.txt | We present an ensemble of transient numerical simulations of the PIS that were carried out through the MIS 3 and MIS 2, aiming to determine the range of climate conditions that match the field-derived ice sheet geometries and climate history of the Patagonian ice sheet prior the global LGM, which corresponds to the tim... |
gis/3336_001725a74bca11bc_0.txt | * What is the meaning of this Spanish road sign symbols? * What insect lays these relatively large flat tan eggs? * determining regular expression for language defined recursively in terms of itself * What do the terms postponement, slip and scrub mean in the context of the space shuttle program? * PSE Advent Calendar ... |
gis/25528_8bd824e2d7063c5f_170.txt | New coastal flood risk studies conducted since AR4 at global, continental and city scale, reinforce AR5 findings that if coastal societies do not adapt, flood risks will increase by 2–3 orders of magnitude reaching catastrophic levels by the end of the century, even under the lower end SLR expected under RCP2.6 (high c... |
gis/41153_2f787f035d91ab04_444.txt | The Bus objects at the top that contain the GPS data read from the input file will not change anymore and we are not showing here that these are actually maintained in a dictionary. The list of BusTracker objects (one for each Bus object) will also not change anymore but the properties of the individual BusTracker obje... |
gis/e6aaf4da_20217.txt | !-- image -- 8. To override attribute values or change tool settings, click the Active Template button and click the corresponding tab described in the following table: Tab Description Attributes Attribute values assigned to the features. Regular Polygon Optional tool settings. Forward |
gis/12833_64827df43840f570_28.txt | A first assessment of the TanDEM-X DEMs over Brazilian territory is presented through a comparison with SRTM, ASTER GDEM and ALOS AW3D30 DEMs in seven study areas with distinct geomorphological contexts, vegetation coverage and land use. Visual analysis and elevation histograms point to a finer effective spatial resolu... |
gis/22739_06dcbed0fd5fa366_13.txt | processor in the domain would be responsible for the computations inside one or more blocks. In the case in which there are more processors than blocks available, the blocks can be adequately partitioned during a pre-processing step in order to at least have as many blocks as processors. This approach has the advantage... |
gis/50584_ad9d1f37401e92d0_7.txt | .")]. Geostatistical techniques have the advantage that they include the parameter of randomness (stochastic) in the model. Kriging is called BLUE which means: best (estimate minimum error variation), Linear (linear weighted arithmetic variance), Unbiased (weight sum to unity and mean error equal to 0) and Estimator [5... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_2021.txt | This work presents the results of the implementation of role play in the subject of Hydrology in the Civil Engineering program at the University of Cordoba during the last 5 academic years. The role-play fronts students into a real water conflict scenario: A generalized drought and 10 months without rainfall make it im... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1931.txt | Meteors and meteorites have always fascinated people, but a particular aspect of these space rocks remains enigmatic to the general public: their magnetic records. This comic book aims at communicating complex scientific concepts and laboratory protocols through illustrations infused with a touch of humor. Intended for... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1070.txt | Climatic disaster is continuously triggering environmental degradation and thermal diversification over the earth's surface. Global warming and anthropogenic activities are the triggering factors for thermal variation and ecological diversification. Saudi Arabia has also recorded precipitation, temperature, and vegetat... |
gis/22739_06dcbed0fd5fa366_146.txt | Using multiple probes in the wind tunnel flow, Ha and Simpson (1993) found that the coherency of larger-scaled structures appear to be reduced by the effects of three-dimensionality. This length scale reduction occurs with the growth of 3-D turbulence effects near the wall that are unrelated to the outer region flow th... |
gis/3826b1c9_19739.txt | A 1 2 i 0 n 1 ( x i y i 1 x i 1 y i ) . displaystyle A frac 1 2 sum _ i 0 n-1 (x _ i y _ i 1 -x _ i 1 y _ i ). |
gis/6526_e5f63accf063bf34_229.txt | Firms often effectively use their data mining systems to perform market segmenta- tion with cluster analysis. Cluster analysis is a means of identifying classes of items so that items in a cluster have more in common with each other than with items in other clusters. Cluster analysis can be used in segmenting customers... |
gis/82807_fee15cbb169eb543_32.txt | In this new era of survey work, Los Angeles was the first city in the nation to complete a citywide survey using digital technology. From its inception, the project followed best practices in historic preservation, including standards and guidelines developed by the California Office of Historic Preservation and the NP... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_558.txt | the density of plankton is relatively low (we see mostly blues and greens). At this time, ocean currents are relatively weak in the north central Pacific and along the south coast of Alaska (low bars are found at these spots), and most of the ocean is relatively cold (pexels are relatively widely spaced), although a wa... |
gis/3188_5eb89558b6bcb56c_20.txt | Another point to note is that not all deaths may have been caused through direct consumption of contaminated water. Some cases may have resulted from a secondary infection; i.e. food or contact with someone already infected. This second wave would have emerged after an incubation period where the first wave contractin... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_768.txt | Roots can add significant amounts of carbon (C) to the subsoil, which enhances soil fertility and can mitigate climate change. About 5% of agricultural soils in Germany have been deep-ploughed (ploughing depth 30-120 cm) at least once. This technique can provide better root access to the subsoil and may help to increas... |
gis/76571a13_1797.txt | Required, but never shown By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy. Start asking to get answers Find the answer to your question by asking. Explore related questions See similar questions with these tags. |
gis/3807_4fa5b0def7509ad0_187.txt | This tool calculates the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) or root-mean-square-difference (RMSD) from two input rasters. If the two input rasters possess the same number of rows and columns, the RMSE is calucated on a cell-by-cell basis, otherwise bilinear resampling is used. In addition to RMSE, the tool also reports othe... |
gis/12833_64827df43840f570_221.txt | The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) sounding rocket makes directimaging and spectral observation of the Sun in hard X-rays (HXRs) using highlysensitive focusing HXR optics. The second flight of FOXSI was launchedsuccessfully on 11 December 2014 and observed significant HXR emissions duringmicroflares. Some o... |
gis/23377_934eb6a75a029e47_9.txt | | Table Option | Description | | --- | --- | | name | The name of the table (without schema). | | ids | A Lua table defining how this table should handle ids (see the Id Handling section for details). Note that you can define tables without Ids, but they can not be updated by osm2pgsql. | | columns | An array of column... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1509.txt | Based on the morpho–bathymetric data coming from the MaGIC project (Marine Geohazards along the Italian Coast) and the high-resolution seismic reflection profiles acquired in 2010 by OGS-Explora, we depict the complex geomorphology of the Gulf of Cagliari and the evolution of the most striking morphosedimentary feature... |
gis/5068_4ea500678d997a44_267.txt | preserve angles. However, equidistant projections restrict the way in which distances are preserved (e.g., all distances are correct from the center of the map to any other point). Thus, as in the previous example, there is no single suitable map projection for this particular mapping situation. A conformal or equidist... |
gis/6c39dbec_1464.txt | The PostGIS Project Steering Committee (PSC) coordinates the general direction, release cycles, documentation, and outreach efforts for the PostGIS project. In addition the PSC provides general user support, accepts and approves patches from the general PostGIS community and votes on miscellaneous issues involving Post... |
gis/25126_a553d6d8452aed71_142.txt | * ST\_AsEWKT - Enhanced: 3.1.0 support for optional precision parameter. Ritorna la rappresentazione Well-Known Text (WKT) della geometria con incluso lo SRID. * ST\_ClusterKMeans - Enhanced: 3.1.0 Support for 3D geometries and weights Window function that returns a cluster id for each input geometry using the K-means ... |
gis/3617_b85e9d976f0b5b70_1926.txt | Initially, the author utilized Google Earth Engine's Python API to access well-known Earth observational data sets such as ERA5, MODIS, and ArcticDEM. Imagining polar stereographic coordinates as two vinyl records, the author sampled physical quantities from latitude 60° followed to higher latitudes as if a record need... |
gis/158295_057550c33aff2c1e_7.txt | * **Hardware:** Running stand-alone systems requires advanced hardware in terms of servers and reliable power supply to be installed, usually at district level, all over the country. This requires appropriate funding for procurement and plan for long-term maintenance. * **Software platform:** Local installs implies a s... |
gis/6526_e5f63accf063bf34_457.txt | • Enable developers to build enterprise-specific search applications. Search is not just about a text box on an enterprise portal. Enterprises build search applica- tions that embed search in customer 360 applications, pharma research tools, and many other business process applications. Virtual digital assistants such ... |
gis/12833_97595044027efafe_510.txt | Electronic Processes: The most common electronic process revealed in the spectral reflectance curves of minerals is due to unfilled electron shells of transition elements such as Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, etc. (Clark, 1999). This is called a crystal field effect. Absorption bands can also be caused by charge transfer absorptions... |
gis/3188_6ea71c07f0d0e0fb_80.txt | One of the main functions of GIS is the selection of areas according to some specified characteristics, in a search for regularities. These characteristics may be both or either spatial or nonspatial data from a map or database within the GIS. Data may be selected according to geographic criteria or content. Most GIS i... |
gis/15834_fae8ba80358dc61c_24.txt | Signing in to ArcGIS Pro is an important, new development for running code in Pro as compared to Desktop. As you may be aware, Pro operates with a different licensing structure, such that it will regularly "phone home" to Esri's license servers to that you have a valid license. With Desktop, once you had installed it ... |
MM-BRIGHT text-and-image queries retrieving reasoning-intensive technical passages in the GIS domain.
| Task category | Any2AnyRetrieval (image+text-to-text) |
| Domains | Academic, Web, Medical, Legal, Religious |
| Reference | {MM-BRIGHT |
Source datasets:
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightGISIT2TRetrieval")
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
mteb.evaluate(model, task)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@article{abdallah2026mmbright,
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
author = {Abdelrahman Abdallah and Mohamed Darwish Mounis and Mahmoud Abdalla and Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem and Mostafa Farouk Senussi and Mohamed Mahmoud and Mohammed Ali and Adam Jatowt and Hyun-Soo Kang},
eprint = {2601.09562},
primaryclass = {cs.IR},
title = {{MM-BRIGHT}: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09562},
year = {2026},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightGISIT2TRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"test": {
"num_samples": 20739,
"num_queries": 34,
"num_documents": 20705,
"number_of_characters": 48361297,
"documents_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 48325757,
"min_text_length": 50,
"average_text_length": 2334.0138613861386,
"max_text_length": 1785885,
"unique_texts": 17158
},
"documents_image_statistics": null,
"documents_audio_statistics": null,
"documents_video_statistics": null,
"queries_text_statistics": {
"total_text_length": 35540,
"min_text_length": 270,
"average_text_length": 1045.2941176470588,
"max_text_length": 3279,
"unique_texts": 34
},
"queries_image_statistics": {
"min_image_width": 320,
"average_image_width": 1048.3235294117646,
"max_image_width": 2400,
"min_image_height": 221,
"average_image_height": 1443.4411764705883,
"max_image_height": 6173,
"unique_images": 34
},
"queries_audio_statistics": null,
"queries_video_statistics": null,
"relevant_docs_statistics": {
"num_relevant_docs": 46,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 1.3529411764705883,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 3,
"unique_relevant_docs": 46,
"num_missing_query_ids": 0,
"num_missing_corpus_ids": 0
},
"top_ranked_statistics": {
"num_top_ranked": 702328,
"min_top_ranked_per_query": 20559,
"average_top_ranked_per_query": 20656.70588235294,
"max_top_ranked_per_query": 20705
}
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB