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quantumcomputing/780f5330_5185.txt | Learning to Learn: Optimization algorithms designed to adjust learning rules or architectures dynamically. Federated Learning Federated Optimization: Aggregation of model updates, typically using weighted averaging based on the FedAvg algorithm. |
quantumcomputing/9904_889bcb3d28cecf3a_242.txt | The Desktop Computing Integration Project for the Human Resources Management Division (HRMD) of LaRC was designed to help division personnel use personal computing resources to perform job tasks. The three goals of the project were to involve HRMD personnel in desktop computing, link mainframe data to desktop capabilit... |
quantumcomputing/20712_5e5e2b00d7458daa_67.txt | | | | | --- | --- | | **24 Hours of Lemons** | An endurance race for terrible cars "Lemon (automobile)"), with a $500 spending limit, infractions determined by a random wheel, and the grand prize going to the worst car that managed to finish the thing. Holds the world record for most participants in a single race. | ... |
quantumcomputing/14816_889bcb3d28cecf3a_99.txt | Quantum computers hold the promise of massive performance enhancements across a range of applications, from cryptography and databases to revolutionary scientific simulation tools. Such computers would make use of the same quantum mechanical phenomena that pose limitations on the continued shrinking of conventional inf... |
quantumcomputing/14994_cba8c028ccf9b6c3_245.txt | 11.5 Application to Mathematics: The Riemann Hypothesis The Riemann hypothesis (RH) – a guess made by Riemann in 1859 – is considered to be the greatest unresolved problem in mathematics. The precise prediction of RH (see below) has been calculated out to billions of instances and they all conform perfectly to RH, yet ... |
quantumcomputing/8652_85faab3e53b9cd93_13.txt | Quantum computers are a revolutionary class of computational platforms that are capable of solving computationally hard problems. However, todayâs quantum hardware is subject to noise and decoherence issues that together limit the scale and complexity of the quantum circuits that can be implemented. Recently, practit... |
quantumcomputing/22087_723fd0fbfe5d7a11_589.txt | ``` @inproceedings{kissinger2015quantomatic, author = {Kissinger, Aleks and Zamdzhiev, Vladimir}, title = {{Quantomatic: A proof assistant for diagrammatic reasoning}}, year = {2015}, booktitle = {International Conference on Automated Deduction}, pages = {326--336}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-2... |
quantumcomputing/10115_f987ec9455323c9d_165.txt | > ### *If an Apple Account is only used for making purchases, those purchases can be migrated to a primary Apple Account to consolidate them.* > > ### Migrate purchases from one Apple Account to another Apple Account > > 1. On your iPhone or iPad, open the Settings app. > 2. Tap your name, then tap Media & Purchases. >... |
quantumcomputing/175_40094682244c3a83_145.txt | Reinforcement learning (RL) requires access to a reward function that incentivizes the right behavior, but these are notoriously hard to specify for complex tasks. Preference-based RL provides an alternative: learning policies using a teacher's preferences without pre-defined rewards, thus overcoming concerns associate... |
quantumcomputing/175_40094682244c3a83_530.txt | Invariance to a broad array of image corruptions, such as warping, noise, or color shifts, is an important aspect of building robust models in computer vision. Recently, several new data augmentations have been proposed that significantly improve performance on ImageNet-C, a benchmark of such corruptions. However, ther... |
quantumcomputing/32894_1a8f0330de3b41ea_473.txt | Machine learning techniques have gained considerable attention in the field of empirical asset pricing. Conditioning on a broad set of firm characteristics, one of the most popular no-arbitrage workhorses is a nonlinear conditional asset pricing model that consists of two modules within a neural network structure, i.e.... |
quantumcomputing/2276_16a55bc42dde3474_36.txt | This makes me wonder how long it will be before an AI model writes a breakthrough paper in math, all or mostly on its own, including the important conceptual leaps. You could require that it formally verifies every conclusion in some language like Coq or Mizar. Once an AI is able to make even a little non-trivial progr... |
quantumcomputing/e5d73f0f_116124.txt | Developing it for our example 3 qubit system we need to prepare the CNOT gate building it from the sum of the two matrices. In the first component for we place the outer product: ( ket 0 bra 0 ) for the control qubit, and the Identity for the other qubits. In the second component, we place ( ket 1 bra 1 ) for... |
quantumcomputing/24212_3fc4c296cc68989d_203.txt | The organic synthesis of GNRs seems to be a powerful tool.320 However, as reported in section 4.9, a reliable approach for on-demand bandgap engineered GNRs needs to be developed. Band-gap opening in graphene on SiC sparked a lot of interest because of the viability of the growth process. Recently, STS measurements tak... |
quantumcomputing/32894_fc39bbe803b856a5_774.txt | Organisations dis their sustainability performance in corporate sustainability reports (CSRs). CSRs vary widely in structure and depth depending on the reporting framework. Such disparity, together with report complexity and volume, poses significant challenges to transparency, comparability and standardisation. To add... |
quantumcomputing/34793_e272bdff51b1eb10_210.txt | To accelerate biochemical research, e.g., drug and protein discovery, molecular representation learning (MRL) has attracted much attention. However, most existing methods follow the d-set assumption that training and testing data identical distribution, which limits their generalization abilities in out-of-distributio... |
quantumcomputing/17418_5a10099f90339dde_158.txt | where \e) is the initially uncorrelated state of the environment and ko), • •k3) are possible final environmental states. The environmen¬ tal final states are not necessarily orthogonal or normalized, and are constrained only by the requirement that the two states on the right side of (5.7) should be orthogonal, since ... |
quantumcomputing/22087_69ca229ec5299de3_1685.txt | Let K be a non-trivially valued non-Archimedean field, R its valuation subring. A formal Gubler model is a formal R-scheme that comes from a polyhedral decomposition of a tropical variety. In this talk, I will present joint work with Sam Payne in which we show that any formal model of any compact analytic domain V insi... |
quantumcomputing/3960_f86f793cf9e31867_16.txt | On top of the finite values of *τ*, experimental platforms suffer from other non-idealities, particularly finite-temperature effects and limited qubit connectivity. In practice, an arbitrary QUBO (or Ising) problemFootnote 1 is defined by a *problem graph* \(\mathcal{G} = (V,E)\) where *V* is a set of vertices correspo... |
quantumcomputing/6436_184d3f0af3fe5585_352.txt | Where Will Quantum Computing Be the Most Disruptive? Technology is most disruptive when multiple developments layer on top of each other, creating a new reality that was almost unimaginable just a few years earlier. An electric car that can serve as a driverless taxi, called using apps like Uber or Lyft, is a good exam... |
quantumcomputing/38735_ff7da9bf12314062_277.txt | Note that ZC and XC are contractible operators in the sense that they don’t loop around the torus in either of the directions. If in case, the loop encircles the torus horizontally, then it is equivalent to the noncontractible operator ξ1. Similarly, if the loop encircles the torus vertically, it is equivalent to the n... |
quantumcomputing/20750_ad4744a1e1e1b7e8_131.txt | The states 0000 and 0010 keep their probabilities because the CNOT-gate does not do anything if the control qubit (here qubit 0) is 0. By contrast, the states 0001 and 0011 switch their probabilities–just like we said. If the control qubit is 1 the CNOT-gate acts like an X-gate on the target qubit (here qubit 1). Essen... |
quantumcomputing/2565_a8a638dc956ff973_118.txt | 3. A recent report327 using the same feature-space encoding scheme as in ref. 324 above establishes that quantum enhanced kernels perform better for complex data classification tasks like geometric data patterns distributed according to Mersenne Twister distribution.328 Classical methods cannot achieve similar accuracy... |
quantumcomputing/608ab6fb_120706.txt | Algorithmic cooling Amplitude amplification Bernstein Vazirani BHT Boson sampling Deutsch Jozsa Grover's HHL Hidden subgroup Magic state distillation Quantum annealing Quantum counting Quantum Fourier transform Quantum optimization Quantum phase estimation Shor's Simon's VQE |
quantumcomputing/32894_fc39bbe803b856a5_62.txt | Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to identify both known and unknown categories from unlabeled data using limited labeled samples from known classes. The key challenges lie in the scarcity of supervision signals for unknown categories and the difficulty of modeling relationships among samples. Existing methods ... |
quantumcomputing/c56ad2d8_122997.txt | Yulong Dong, Lin Lin, Hongkang Ni, and Jiasu Wang, Robust Iterative Method for Symmetric Quantum Signal Processing in All Parameter Regimes , SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 46 5, A2951 (2024). |
quantumcomputing/14994_bb89c4acbf2bb616_11.txt | discrete-time dynamical system, the state changes as fixed intervals, perhaps controlled by a clock, but another possibility is sequential dynamics, in which the sequence of states is defined, but not the state transition times.22 Conventional digital computer programs exhibit sequential dynamics, for the sequence of ope... |
quantumcomputing/1226_889bcb3d28cecf3a_230.txt | One way to study the physical plausibility of d timelike curves (CTCs) is to examine their computational power. This has been done for Deutschian CTCs (D-CTCs) and postselection CTCs (P-CTCs), with the result that they allow for the efficient solution of problems in PSPACE and PP, respectively. Since these are extremel... |
quantumcomputing/32894_979fc1e5faab2aa1_555.txt | We propose a new approach based on ranking to learn to guide Greedy Best-First Search (GBFS). As previous ranking approaches, ours is based on the observation that directly learning a heuristic function is overly restrictive, and that GBFS is capable of efficiently finding good plans for a much more flexible class of t... |
quantumcomputing/3815_67376b44df69bab4_58.txt | * `qml.transforms.single_qubit_fusion` and `qml.transforms.merge_rotations` now respect global phases. (#6031) * A new transform called `qml.transforms.diagonalize_measurements` has been added. This transform converts measurements to the computational basis by applying the relevant diagonalizing gates. It can be set to... |
quantumcomputing/1629_3abeac199875c936_484.txt | Pauli Gates Important gates are represented by the one-qubit Pauli spin matrices (1.324). I recall that the matrix σˆ x is called in quantum computation the NOT gate for a single qubit and can be denoted by Uˆ NOT . In Sect. 3.3.6, I have already mentioned that it is also called the Pauli-X gate (or X gate for short). ... |
quantumcomputing/22087_69ca229ec5299de3_1373.txt | John Etnyre: "Embeddings of contact manifolds" Abstract: I will discuss recent results concerning embeddings and isotopies of one contact manifold into another. Such embeddings should be thought of as generalizations of transverse knots in 3-dimensional contact manifolds (where they have been instrumental in the develo... |
quantumcomputing/1baa3909_3026.txt | Agile Earth Observation Satellites (AEOSs) are operated to acquire images from targeted Earth regions while obeying several maneuvering and operational constraints. They are commonly employed for monitoring disasters, tracking environmental changes, and exploring resources. Usually, satellites are equipped with fixed o... |
quantumcomputing/43ce2955_0469.txt | Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons lice... |
quantumcomputing/9769_2ed2d1df17fe28a3_182.txt | (B) Or, worse, the universe is not fundamentally mathematical at all – and so obviously cannot be QM. It is something … beyond mathematics – whatever that would even be. Maybe mathematics is just an … emergent property … or an evolved part of cognition. Yes, it works WITHIN the universe … but it doesn’t capture the “de... |
quantumcomputing/68e3af85_124053.txt | While this would directly imply the implementation of a SWAP gate in constant depth with three rounds of mid-circuit measurements, we can implement it with just two rounds of mid-circuit measurements by essentially teleporting one qubit to an ancilla next to the other one as described in Appendix A.4 , performing a loc... |
quantumcomputing/6436_723fd0fbfe5d7a11_625.txt | ``` @article{horsman2011quantum, author = {Horsman, Clare}, title = {Quantum picturalism for topological cluster-state computing}, year = {2011}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {13}, number = {9}, pages = {095011}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/13/9/095011}, urldate = {2011-01-25}... |
quantumcomputing/18150_747474a2b9a780fd_14.txt | Native QPU Instructions QCEngine is one of several tools allowing us to run and inspect QPU code, but what does QPU code actually look like? Conventional high-level languages are commonly used to control lower-level QPU instructions (as we’ve already seen with the JavaScript-based QCEngine). In this book we’ll regularl... |
quantumcomputing/25808_d15b917791bf267d_196.txt | Spike-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are empowered with on-chip learning in their convolution layers, enabling the layer to learn to detect features by combining those extracted in the previous layer. We propose ECHELON, a generalized design template for a tile-based neuromorphic hardware with on-chip learn... |
quantumcomputing/21985_b745cf4a986576b6_187.txt | The High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment (HELIX) is a balloon-borne payload designed to measure the isotopic abundances of light cosmic ray nuclei. Precise measurements of the 10Be isotope from 0.2 GeV/n to beyond 10 GeV/n will allow the refining of cosmic ray propagation models, critical for interpreting excesses and ... |
quantumcomputing/14994_cba8c028ccf9b6c3_171.txt | kinesin and MAP2 have been implicated in learning and memory [139, 54, 140]. Dendritic MTs are implicated in particular, and it is highly probable that precisely coordinated transport of critical proteins and mRNAs to the postsynaptic density via kinesin along MT tracks in dendrites is necessary for learning, as well a... |
quantumcomputing/098cf45d_119575.txt | In summary, for quantum cryptography: whenever we create entangled bits for secure key exchange or other protocols, the CNOT gate is at play. Its ability to entangle is the bedrock of the security in quantum security systems. For cybersecurity experts, this is a fascinating flip side: the same mechanism (entanglement v... |
quantumcomputing/13334_db9c0f2f4b6f960d_2562.txt | The generation of matter-antimatter asymmetry remains still poorly understood. Same is true about the generation of matter. In TGD framework the generation of matter can be explained in terms of cosmic strings carrying dark energy identified as K\ähler magnetic energy. Their decay to ordinary and dark matter would be t... |
quantumcomputing/33692_723fd0fbfe5d7a11_74.txt | ``` @article{lima2025clifford, author = {Lima, Fernando and Casta{\~n}eda Medina, Arcesio}, title = {{Clifford and Non-Clifford Splitting in Quantum Circuits: Applications and ZX-Calculus Detection Procedure}}, year = {2025}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.16004}, urldate = {2025-04-22}, link = {http://arxiv.org/... |
quantumcomputing/1629_62d962bdf1d2852a_185.txt | the precision with which one observable is known, the lower it must be for the other. A transformation applies to states (Schrödinger picture) or observables (Heisenberg picture). It is either unitary or antiunitary. A unitary transformation can be connected smoothly to the identity, whereas an antiunitary transformati... |
quantumcomputing/9769_2ed2d1df17fe28a3_355.txt | But to the point of this thread there seems to be some complexity/computability loophole that we need to maybe think about a little bit. I could be wrong about that, of course, and would love to hear how. I would like to think that even if we did have some form of this model of computation for our brain’s operating sys... |
quantumcomputing/20712_5e5e2b00d7458daa_14.txt | | | | | --- | --- | | **Assassination of Shinzo Abe** | A prime minister who fell victim to gun violence... in a country where guns are illegal. The assassin's motive was a personal grudge against a notorious anti-communist cult. | | **Cottage cheese boycott** | A protest against rising staple food prices in Israel. ... |
quantumcomputing/3f9195b2_0617.txt | As pointed out in the Introduction, we provide the first concrete resource estimation for QLSA in contrast to the previous analyses [3, 5] which estimated the run-time of QLSA only in terms of its asymptotic behavior using the “big-O” characterization. As the latter is supposed to give some hints on how the size of the... |
quantumcomputing/38735_4268de2ba98204ef_416.txt | On the basis of the previously formulated mathematical model of a statistical system with a scalar interaction of fermions and the theory of gravitational-scalar instability of a cosmological model based on a two-component statistical system of scalarly charged degenerate fermions, a numerical model of the cosmological... |
quantumcomputing/34011_a5801def072ec91c_892.txt | It is an arbitrary convention that we design clocks to count up to higher numbers rather than down to lower numbers. It is also a convention that we re-set our clock by one hour as we move across a time-zone on the Earth’s surface in order that the sun be nearly overhead at noons in those zones. In order to prevent noo... |
quantumcomputing/4628_98bc330e6ca89479_286.txt | Different architectures may change the effects of noise. For example, if the effect of noise is ignored, then changing to a computer architecture in which many operations are performed in parallel may not change the number of operations which need to be done. However, a parallel system may be substantially more resista... |
quantumcomputing/34011_a5801def072ec91c_1307.txt | Firms owned by their workers and competing on a market may of course fail in this competition. In a capitalist system, this would entail that workers lose their jobs as their firm is trying to cover its losses. In a system of economic democracy, however, there will be a general organization of firms that intervenes to ... |
quantumcomputing/13334_747474a2b9a780fd_62.txt | Step 2: Prepare the Payload Having established an entanglement link, Alice can prepare the payload to be sent. How she prepares it depends, of course, on the nature of the (quantum) information that she wants to send to Bob. She might write a value to the payload qubit, entangle it with some other QPU data, or even rec... |
quantumcomputing/9339_2ed2d1df17fe28a3_100.txt | If this is the sort of thing you have in mind, then I think one needs to think through this case more clearly. From the point of view of GR 1) there generically are no global inertial frames, or even exact local ones and 2) there is no such objective physical quantity as the “speed” of anything, including light. Theref... |
quantumcomputing/9073_a8a638dc956ff973_38.txt | 3.2.3.1 Quantum enhanced variants. The very first instance of performing principal component analysis on a quantum computer was put forward by Lloyd et al.149 The algorithm starts with a matrix say P which is positive-semi-definite. Even the usual linear variant of the PCA using the covariance matrices of the mean-cent... |
quantumcomputing/26329_e6eb321e4e9c903b_21.txt | 4.2 Categorical Data Many data in the Humanities are categorical data, i.e. data with a finite set of values, often strings, that cannot be used for calculations. For example, computing the maximum of a set of textures or the average of jobs is meaningless. But most machine learning algorithms presume numerical data or... |
quantumcomputing/3e5e5ab2_123594.txt | 2 Preliminaries 2.1 V-basis In this paper, the V-basis for an nn-qubit system is composed of the following gates: 𝕀 2 i P𝒙5 𝒙 0,1,2,3 n (0,0, ,0) ,P𝒙 Px0 Px1 Pxn 1 , left frac mathbb I pm 2iP_ bm x sqrt 5 ; middle ; bm x in 0,1,2,3 n setminus (0,0, cdots,0) ,P_ bm x P_ x_ 0 otimes P_ x... |
quantumcomputing/8652_3fee023099e4cc95_26.txt | Once back in Europe, Klein reengaged with the mainstream trends in the rapidly developing quantum theory and in 1926 developed a relativistic quantum theory of the electron Klein, 1926b]. Around the same time Walter Gordon also proposed this equation, which is now called the “Klein-Gordon Equation”. The equation was ... |
quantumcomputing/38735_4268de2ba98204ef_336.txt | In this paper, we first introduce a multi-field setup of Cuscuton gravity in a curved field space manifold. Then, we show that this model allows for a regular bouncing cosmology and it does not lead to ghosts or other instabilities at the level of perturbations. More precisely, by decomposing the scalar fields perturba... |
quantumcomputing/10115_80ceca0747858829_188.txt | Children use their hands to explore and learn about the world. This can be a challenge for children with spastic cerebral palsy who develop hand contractures, a muscular deformation resulting in stiff muscles and reduced range of motion (ROM). Current treatments include orthotics and electrical stimulation, but the ort... |
quantumcomputing/34793_74dcaa7adf2cb6cc_34.txt | The research program of logical positivism of the Wiener Kreis in the first half of the twentieth century revitalized the older project of empiricism. Its ambition was to reconstruct scientific knowledge on the basis of direct observations and logical relation between statements about those observations. The old critic... |
quantumcomputing/6186_ae4f8f91e13777ec_63.txt | We are going to gain a correlation coefficient from the measurement pairs. For this purpose, we introduce a quantity s( x) for the of the measurement results. s( x) has the value +1 when the polarization x is registered by the analyzer with the orientation x and −1 when the polarization y is recorded. The same holds fo... |
quantumcomputing/27927_67376b44df69bab4_12.txt | @qml.set_shots(1000) @qml.qnode(dev) def circuit(x): qml.RX(x, wires=0) return qml.expval(qml.Z(0)) ``` * Support for using TensorFlow with PennyLane has been deprecated and will be dropped in Pennylane v0.44. Future versions of PennyLane are not guaranteed to work with TensorFlow. Instead, we recommend using the JAX o... |
quantumcomputing/32894_fc39bbe803b856a5_802.txt | As generative artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prevalent in creative industries, intellectual property issues have come to the forefront, especially regarding AI-generated content that ly resembles human-created works. Recent high-profile incidents involving AI-generated outputs reproducing copyrighted... |
quantumcomputing/42549af3_14187.txt | Add this session to my calendar Date: Thursday, 17 March 2022Time: 11:30 CET - 12:15 CET Interactive Presentations (IPs) run simultaneously during a 45-minute slot. Authors of IPs are available to present their work and answer to questions throughout the session. |
quantumcomputing/3960_f86f793cf9e31867_81.txt | The variational quantum classifier performs *binary* classification between any two specific classes by minimizing the mean square error between true labels \(y=\pm 1\) and predicted labels. The latter are obtained by computing the expectation value of the total magnetization \(\sum \_{j} \hat{\sigma }^{z}\_{j}\) on th... |
quantumcomputing/32894_e26caa74eb27f4da_67.txt | The massive and large-scale design of foundational semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) is crucial to sustaining the advancement of many emerging and future technologies, such as generative AI, 5G/6G, and quantum computing.Excitingly, recent studies have shown the great capabilities of foundational models in expedit... |
quantumcomputing/14472_a8a638dc956ff973_197.txt | The classical-quantum hybrid algorithms described above focus their attention on only computing the ground states of molecules and materials. In the work by Sajjan et al.,347 the authors use the idea of constrained optimization to obtain any arbitrary energy eigenstates of molecules and materials through a user-defined... |
quantumcomputing/24212_3af59b9eb5b88ef2_11.txt | To quantify deviations from the ideal case, we introduce two operational error metrics: the operational assignment error 𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖺subscript𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖺{\sf{err}\_{a}}sansserif\_err start\_POSTSUBSCRIPT sansserif\_a end\_POSTSUBSCRIPT 666We emphasize the distinction between the usual definition of assignment error, which is ... |
quantumcomputing/a39bb4be_117506.txt | The action of the gate on a specific quantum state is found by multiplying the vector ψ 1 displaystyle psi _ 1 rangle , which represents the state by the matrix U displaystyle U representing the gate. The result is a new quantum state ψ 2 displaystyle psi _ 2 rangle : |
quantumcomputing/4628_98bc330e6ca89479_144.txt | Usually we just write A\v) to denote /l(|'t;)). When we say that a linear operator A is defined on a vector space, V, we mean that A is a linear operator from V to V. An important linear operator on any vector space V is the identity operator, ly, defined by the equation Iy\v) = v) for all vectors \ v). Where no chance... |
quantumcomputing/43564369_3445.txt | Unlike classical systems where outputs are deterministic, quantum algorithms—Grover’s included—produce probabilistic results. Even in a perfectly designed system, Grover’s algorithm doesn’t guarantee the correct result 100% of the time. Instead, it increases the probability of measuring the correct state after a certai... |
quantumcomputing/27984_a6019ccf7080d97d_350.txt | We present a model of contextual color processing in a population code with non-uniform distribution of preferred hues. Color-selective neurons in the model had Gaussian tuning curves with hue preferences distributed non-uniformly to mimic the distribution of hue preferences in primary visual cortex. Each model neuron ... |
quantumcomputing/22087_69ca229ec5299de3_1594.txt | IBM research runs a mathematical challenge site. Every month a new challenge is posted; as well as a solution for the previous month's riddle. Prof. Oded Margalit is the puzzlemaster, for the last decade. In the talk, he will survey some of the riddles over the years, and tell some anecdotes about the challenges and th... |
quantumcomputing/1629_3abeac199875c936_182.txt | 2.2.2 It is a Double Problem for Quantum Mechanics Measurement and Detection Like for CM, all time evolutions in QM (the time evolution of both states and observables) are reversible. We express this by means of a unitary operator. As mentioned, most of the transformations in QM are unitary. However, there is a particu... |
quantumcomputing/32894_649ed5de679e7c0d_1.txt | What Is Business Analytics? . . . . . . . . What Is Machine Learning? . . . . . . . . Machine Learning, AI, and Related Terms . Statistical Modeling vs. Machine Learning . Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Why Are There So Many Different Methods? Terminology and Not... |
quantumcomputing/10115_16a55bc42dde3474_25.txt | Comment 94 Many years ago, well before there were online resources, I was working at home and needed a value for zeta(4). I knew there was a clever trick in finding it, (it’s pi^4/90), so I spent a fruitless hour trying and failing to work it out. Then an aha moment. I had an Apple II+. I wrote a one line BASIC program... |
quantumcomputing/17894_a8a638dc956ff973_244.txt | where p(e) is the probability distribution over the environment and p(h) is the probability distribution over the hidden layer. The choice of maximization is motivated from the fact that the coarse grained effective Hamiltonian be compact and short ranged (see ESI in ref. 719). We construct p(h) by marginalizing the jo... |
quantumcomputing/22087_36863c6de17fbf2f_6.txt | In 2009, the notion of nonuniformly sectional hyperbolic set was introduced, joint with A. Arbieto, as an extension to singular ows of the notion of nonuniform hyperbolicity for dieomorphisms. We proved a C1-generic relation between nonuniformly sectional hyperbolicity and sectional hyperbolicity. In 2019, I introduced... |
quantumcomputing/9769_889bcb3d28cecf3a_337.txt | Computational Quantum Chemistry has developed into a powerful, efficient, reliable and increasingly routine tool for exploring the structure and properties of small to medium sized molecules. Many thousands of calculations are performed every day, some offering results which approach experimental accuracy. However, in ... |
quantumcomputing/14816_8f631342375c1193_45.txt | Close-packed nanoparticles separated by short spacer molecules form a new class of solids with unique behavior that arises from the interplay of nanoscale confinement and tunable coupling. I will discuss experiments performed by our group on the ultrathin limit of such solids, a single layer of -packed metal nanopartic... |
quantumcomputing/6245_808db5389f8f8e1e_233.txt | of cosine and sine functions with appropriate amplitudes. So, we can view Eq. (13.13) as expressing the signal f (t) as a superposition of “basis states” UF (j, k). In fact, though we won’t go through the details, those basis states are orthogonal and normalized in the sense that the product of two of them, summed over... |
quantumcomputing/20712_f21f706356b21da2_113.txt | We consider the problem of online fair division of indivisible goods to players when there are a finite number of types of goods and player values are drawn from distributions with unknown means. Our goal is to maximize social welfare subject to allocating the goods fairly in expectation. When a player's value for an i... |
quantumcomputing/ddb7aab8_117479.txt | And this means that when we measure qubit one to be, say, 0 then qubit two is also 0. When we measure qubit one to be 1 then the second qubit is also 1, no matter what - they are maximally correlated. Even though a sequence of measurements may produce a random list of 0's and 1's, both lists from each qubit will be in ... |
quantumcomputing/25e93b57_126119.txt | Heuristic Mapping The heuristic mapper implemented in QMAP uses A -search to efficiently traverse the immense search space of the mapping problem. It effectively trades optimality for runtime. This allows to reliably determine suitable mappings for circuits with up to hundreds of qubits. Using the heuristic mapper wor... |
quantumcomputing/15280_ca3752daa9705eee_159.txt | sympathize with the observant reader who notices that the p value of the norm in the definition is noted with a subscript. However, when writing Lp , we use a superscript. 3 Note that this component-wise product is known as the Hadamard product. While this product is named after Jacques Hadamard, it has no relation to ... |
quantumcomputing/35883_a8a638dc956ff973_88.txt | 3.3.5 Variational encoders. Unlike autoencoders that try and provide useful latent space representation, variational autoencoders (VAEs) are used to learn the distribution that models the latent space. The decoder thus generated can be used to sample the input space, working similar to generative adversarial networks (... |
quantumcomputing/13334_db9c0f2f4b6f960d_318.txt | Physicists usually believe that physics cannot (and should not) derive the values of c and ћ but should derive the value of the cosmological constant Λ. This problem is considered fundamental after the phenomenon of cosmological acceleration (PCA) was discovered in 1998. This phenomenon is usually considered in the fra... |
quantumcomputing/14816_6b5eb0c4e42e043c_158.txt | The basic idea is to treat probability mass flowing through the multiverse just like oil flowing through pipes! We're going to imagine that initially we have lad 2 units of "oil" at each basis state |i), while by the end we want | /8, | 2 units of oil at each basis state |i) . Here a, and Pi are the initial and final a... |
quantumcomputing/9073_a8a638dc956ff973_36.txt | The cost function above is minimized with respect to  on a classical computer and the parameter vector is fed into the trainable unitary V for the next iteration until the desired convergen... |
quantumcomputing/29980_80bfbc5717d9c1cb_14.txt | Measurement: While the superposition state of a qubit is essential for quantum computation, extracting a definitive classical result requires a measurement operation [4]. The act of measurement projects the qubit from its superposition into a specific classical state, either |0⟩\ket{0} or |1⟩\ket{1}. This outcome is fu... |
quantumcomputing/6186_ae4f8f91e13777ec_180.txt | that can work independently for a longer time with just as little servicing by the user as possible. A short time ago huge optical tables in air-conditioned labs were necessary for good noise behavior of quantum cryptography, but today systems of the size of a television are available, which can be carried anywhere. Th... |
quantumcomputing/22087_4268de2ba98204ef_318.txt | We use the latest Type Ia supernovae sample Pantheon+ to explore new physics on cosmic scales. Specifically, in light of this new sample, we constrain the interacting dark energy and Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity models and employ the model-independent Gaussian processes to investigate whether there is an evidence of dark ... |
quantumcomputing/2565_1902f72523e6b3c3_343.txt | [Bal 98] Ballentine, L. E.: Quantum mechanics – a modern development, World Scientific, Singapore, 1998. [Bar 95] Barenco, A.: A universal two-bit gate for quantum computation, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A449, 679-683 (1995). [Bar 96] Barenco, A.: Quantum physics and computers, Contemp. Phys. 37, 375–389 (1996). [Bar 98] Bare... |
quantumcomputing/22108_db9c0f2f4b6f960d_1747.txt | The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) gives us very simple formula for charge density distribution $(\rho\_e)$ within ionic solutions. PBE is widely solved by specifying values to electrostatic potential ($\psi$) at different boundaries; this type of boundary condition (BC) is known as Dirichlet condition (DC). Here we ... |
quantumcomputing/4628_c2c01ebb412339b8_204.txt | • Focus on the measurable aspect of a quantum state to write the quantum state using three parameters. • Constrain the probabilities of the qubit collapsing to sum to 1, forcing the qubit to lie on a sphere. • This leads to a transformed space where the quantum state is expressed with two real parameters. While working... |
quantumcomputing/175_40094682244c3a83_740.txt | If causal relationships are linear and acyclic and noise terms are independent and Gaussian, causal orientation is not identified from observational data --- even if faithfulness is satisfied (Spirtes et al., 2002). Shimizu et al. (2006) showed that acyclic, linear, {\bf non}-Gaussian (LiNGAM) causal models {\em are} i... |
quantumcomputing/34011_a5801def072ec91c_2161.txt | Skeptical theists argue that it is not reasonable for us to believe that *Limitation* is false; rather, we should be skeptical of its truth or falsity. One might argue that it is reasonable for us to believe that *Limitation* is false because it is hard for us to identify the relevant morally significant goods. But ske... |
quantumcomputing/17736_e6d8ec88910b204d_13.txt | PennyLane and Classiq provide templates for predefined subroutines (e.g., search algorithms, chemical processes) and conceptual representations (e.g., adding numbers, atom representations), reducing the gap between high-level program logic and low-level quantum circuits in part. Yet, developers need to manually change ... |
quantumcomputing/20712_f21f706356b21da2_164.txt | Given an unconditional diffusion model and a predictor for a target property of interest (e.g., a classifier), the goal of training-free guidance is to generate samples with desirable target properties without additional training. Existing methods, though effective in various individual applications, often lack theoret... |
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