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Is that your bike ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:0
A1
A1
She had a beautiful necklace around her neck .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:1
A1
A1
I forgot to bring my umbrella .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:2
A1
A1
The baby kept crying .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:3
A1
A1
Do you know what you 're doing this weekend ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:4
A1
A1
No one had money .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:5
A1
A1
Ben must like his new car a lot .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:6
A1
A2
Harrison got very excited when his parents gave him a car .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:7
A2
A2
I like dogs more than cats .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:8
A1
A2
Now I am being called by Softbank , too !
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:9
A2
A2
Larry has a shark 's tooth .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:10
A2
A2
He 's already gone to bed .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:11
A1
A2
He 's very good at taking care of children .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:12
A2
A2
Sushi is raw fish .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:13
A2
A2
Children love to play outdoors .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:14
A2
A2
I want to eat something sweet .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:15
A1
A2
I will do it as soon as I return .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:16
A2
A2
Can you draw the British flag ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:17
A1
A2
She 's so quiet that we forget she 's here .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:18
A2
A2
Where are my khaki shorts ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:19
A1
A2
These are the friends whose names you know .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:20
A2
A2
David sent his friend a wedding gift .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:21
A1
A2
I wish I had some cool water to drink .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:22
A1
A2
Do n't wear khakis to the business meeting .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:23
A2
A2
Mother was too shy to wear a bikini .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:24
A2
A2
Shall I teach you to dance ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:25
A1
A2
This huge store only has three cashiers !
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:26
A2
A2
These were the men who ran the red light .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:27
A2
A2
His wife is Vietnamese .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:28
A1
A2
They were cycling in the mountains .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:29
A2
A2
They 've just asked her to stay another year .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:30
A1
A2
I have lunch after third period .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:31
A2
A2
This iPad is as fast as a desktop computer .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:32
A2
A2
It was past twelve when we arrived home .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:33
A1
A2
I find it easy to sleep .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:34
A1
A2
He planned to kill the president .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:35
A2
A2
I wish I could have stayed there forever on that beach .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:36
A2
A2
I could n't do it even if I tried .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:37
A2
A2
Keep your knees up when you jump .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:38
A2
A2
You may drive my car .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:39
A1
A2
Driving is something I enjoy doing .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:40
A1
A2
Do your work , or you wo n't get paid .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:41
A2
A2
I wish it could be different .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:42
A1
A2
It 's hard to tell if these are my socks or his .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:43
A2
A2
I always wanted to be an athlete .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:44
A2
A2
She 's changed her major from math to chemistry .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:45
A1
A2
Were there any dresses you wanted to buy ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:46
A2
A2
Carley went shopping for a dress today .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:47
A2
A2
He has a talking dog .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:48
A1
A2
What 's the date today ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:49
A1
A2
I thought I had to talk to him .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:50
A2
A2
I thought I saw him .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:51
A1
A2
There is very little traffic on Sundays here .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:52
A2
A2
He ran to the bus stop .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:53
A1
A2
Sugar was bad for Henry .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:54
A1
A2
We always see red fruit in the autumn .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:55
A2
A2
You can find the contractor in his office .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:56
A2
A2
I 'm looking for a carpenter .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:57
A2
A2
Let 's go for a bike ride .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:58
A1
A2
The divers were protected by a metal cage .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:59
A2
A2
He has done more than anyone else .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:60
A2
A2
I was called twice about it .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:61
A1
A2
Those musicians ' guitars were stolen .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:62
A2
A2
We should ask Amanda how to start a volunteer project .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:63
A2
A2
We went to look for food .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:64
A1
A2
Do you know what to say if you are stopped by the police ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:65
A2
A2
Megan started playing soccer during the summer break .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:66
A1
A2
I do n't often wear ball gowns .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:67
A2
A2
John did n't know why Amanda was so angry at him .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:68
A2
A2
John knew they were bad people .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:69
A1
A2
The driver did n't know where to turn .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:70
A2
A2
I ca n't read all of these books .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:71
A1
A2
It is easy to understand people who speak clearly .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:72
A2
A2
You are as beautiful as ever to me .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:73
A2
A2
She was as helpless as a baby .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:74
A2
A2
It is difficult to talk to her peacefully .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:75
A2
A2
We watch the Olympics on TV .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:76
A1
A2
That clock is five minutes fast .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:77
A1
A2
I slept while he was gone .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:78
A1
A2
He was as old as my father .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:79
A1
A2
Many Russians died in WWII .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:80
A1
A2
Could you get my waiter , please ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:81
A2
A2
Fortunately , salad was Gina 's favorite food .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:82
A2
A2
There is a photographer 's studio over there .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:83
A2
A2
I buy my bread from a local baker .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:84
A2
A2
They must be exhausted after their three month journey in Africa .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:85
A2
A2
She is jealous of your dog .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:86
A1
A2
I think that one is his .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:87
A1
A2
Do n't go swimming over there .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:88
A2
A2
If you wanted to talk to someone , who would you call ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:89
A2
A2
You must feel very sick .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:90
A1
A2
My mother calls every weekend .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:91
A1
A2
Is there any of the vegetable spaghetti left from last night 's dinner ?
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:92
A2
A2
Spotlight is a movie about some Boston reporters .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:93
A2
A2
I made dinner while you were napping .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:94
A2
A2
I will come with you to make sure you are okay .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:95
A2
A2
The temperature dropped as low as minus 20 .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:96
A2
A2
I did n't tell her to go .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:97
A1
A2
We have to change planes in New York .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:98
A2
A2
They were all required to wear suits .
0
-1
cefr-sp:score:train:99
A1
A2
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

MUSE Style and Complexity Datasets

CEFR-SP

cefr_sp contains the publicly redistributable SCoRE and Wiki-Auto portions of the CEFR-based Sentence Profile corpus. The gated Newsela-Auto portion is not included. The source's train and test splits are retained, and dev is exposed as validation.

The source sentences were rated independently by two English-education professionals. Both ratings are retained as rating_1 and rating_2. For MUSE, the six CEFR levels are mapped to four ordered bands:

primary_id_int CEFR band
0 A1-A2
1 B1
2 B2
3 C1-C2

The primary label is the lower of the two mapped ratings. Thus A2/B1 maps to A1-A2, B1/B2 maps to B1, and B2/C1 maps to B2. This consistently treats an annotator disagreement as evidence for the lower complexity band.

Columns

  • text: source sentence, unchanged except for removal of the file line ending
  • primary_id_int: four-band complexity label
  • secondary_category_int: always -1 (shared-content group unknown)
  • source_record_id: source corpus, original split, and zero-based source row
  • rating_1: first annotator's CEFR rating
  • rating_2: second annotator's CEFR rating

One repeated Wiki-Auto training sentence with the same two ratings was removed, keeping its first source occurrence. No balancing or synthetic adjudication was applied.

Split Rows A1-A2 B1 B2 C1-C2
train 7,177 2,058 2,712 1,980 427
validation 1,366 516 457 274 119
test 1,460 525 534 280 121
Total 10,003 3,099 3,703 2,534 667

Source and licensing

CEFR-SP is distributed by Yuki Arase, Satoru Uchida, and Tomoyuki Kajiwara in the CEFR-SP repository. This release is pinned to commit 2ba4a5005fbff68ab0f863891cf977c50fdcda29.

There is no single content license for this combined configuration:

  • Wiki-Auto rows retain the source's CC BY-SA 3.0 terms.
  • SCoRE rows retain the source's CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 terms.

The source component is encoded in every source_record_id. Users are responsible for complying with the applicable source-specific license, including attribution, share-alike, and non-commercial restrictions.

Please cite:

@inproceedings{arase-etal-2022-cefr,
  title = {{CEFR}-Based Sentence Difficulty Annotation and Assessment},
  author = {Arase, Yuki and Uchida, Satoru and Kajiwara, Tomoyuki},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of EMNLP 2022},
  year = {2022},
  pages = {6206--6219},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.416}
}

CLMET 3.1

The Corpus of Late Modern English Texts 3.1 contains 333 complete works by British and Irish authors, covering 1710-1920. It supplies explicit genre and historical-period metadata. The two configurations use the same works and split assignment but expose different supervised labels.

One source work is one row. The metadata header, paragraph tags, and page markers are removed. The remaining CLMET plain text is preserved, including its historical spelling, punctuation, whitespace tokenization, and line breaks. secondary_category_int is -1 because a work occurs only once within each configuration.

The source has no official train/test division. These configurations use a frozen, approximately 90/10 train-validation split. All works with the same raw author value stay together, and the identical assignment is used in both configurations. This prevents author leakage while retaining at least two validation works in every supervised class.

clmet_genre

This configuration uses the five major genres named by the corpus creators. The 37 unclassified Other works are excluded rather than being treated as a coherent sixth genre. The source's finer subgenre remains metadata only: it contains sparse and hybrid values that are not suitable as a standalone MUSE task.

primary_id_int Major genre Train Validation
0 Narrative fiction 114 13
1 Narrative non-fiction 24 3
2 Drama 67 7
3 Letters (raw value LET) 11 2
4 Treatise 50 5
Total 266 30

The work counts are uneven, particularly for letters. A class-aware sampler is recommended for contrastive training; the release does not duplicate or downsample works.

clmet_period

This configuration includes all 333 works and uses the official three 70-year periods.

primary_id_int Historical period Train Validation
0 1710-1780 79 9
1 1780-1850 89 10
2 1850-1920 132 14
Total 300 33

The 37 Other-genre works are retained here because their historical-period labels are fully defined: 34 are in train and 3 in validation.

CLMET columns

  • text: complete work after removal of CLMET structural markup
  • primary_id_int: major genre or historical period, depending on configuration
  • secondary_category_int: always -1
  • source_record_id: clmet3.1:<source id>
  • author, title, year: source bibliographic metadata
  • period, quarter_cent, decade: source historical metadata
  • genre, subgenre: raw source genre metadata

CLMET source and licensing

CLMET 3.1 was created by Hendrik De Smet, Susanne Flach, Hans-Jรผrgen Diller, and Jukka Tyrkkรถ. Data come from the canonical CLMET 3.1 release. The archive is pinned by its published MD5 and SHA-1 checksums and an additional SHA-256 recorded by the builder.

CLMET 3.1 is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Its attribution, non-commercial, and share-alike requirements apply to both CLMET configurations.

Please cite the corpus creators and:

Diller, Hans-Jรผrgen, Hendrik De Smet, and Jukka Tyrkkรถ. 2011. A European database of descriptors of English electronic texts. The European English Messenger 19: 21-35.

SynthSTEL-Luna

Forty feature-specific synthstel_luna__* configurations expose 4,000 fresh English contrast pairs as 8,000 individual sentence rows. Each config contains 180 training sentences (90 aligned pairs) and 20 validation sentences (10 pairs). The source's train/test assignments are unchanged; only the uploaded split name test becomes validation. Original pair exports and sidecars are retained in supporting/synthstel_luna/exports/ and are not extra training configurations.

primary_id_int=0 means the supplied negative side and 1 the supplied positive side of that particular contrast. These are feature-side classes, not universal sentiment or quality labels, and the numbers alone do not define ordinal loss. The readable primary_label records the original condition. The two members of each pair share secondary_category_int, numbered 0โ€“99 by sorted original pair ID within that config. IDs are scoped to the configuration across both splits. No pair or content family crosses splits. All 40 raw contrasts are retained. The inventory's cleaned labels merge some perspective contrasts; the final pair exports instead retain raw names for four perspective contrasts. The published feature_clean preserves each actual exported value, and mappings retain inventory_feature_clean separately. Neither replaces the raw feature as the identity of a training config.

For contrastive training, sample within a feature config: same-side sentences from different pairs provide same-feature examples across topics; the opposite side of an aligned pair provides a content-controlled contrast. Do not pool primary IDs across configs. Preserve the more/less member roles when constructing STEB-style order-alignment trials; these rows are a training representation, not new official STEB evaluation data. style_group identifies the eight register contrasts and 32 linguistic-feature contrasts used in STEB's grouping.

Rows retain pair/content-family IDs, member role, raw and cleaned feature names, original split, and complete generation/review provenance. The source package records generation by five reused gpt-5.6-luna workers at Medium reasoning and rotated agent review. Fast/priority was unexposed. No human validation is claimed. Actual provenance includes fresh in-run topics; C4 topic extraction is not independently established by those records. This is a methodological adaptation of StyleDistance, not an exact replication or a claim of human-rated correctness.

The retained validation report describes character 4โ€“6-gram cosine screening at 0.97 against pinned original SynthSTEL exports; this heuristic is not exhaustive semantic duplicate detection. This publication independently rechecks casefolded, whitespace-collapsed exact matches against those originals. It does not establish comprehensive clearance against every STEB dataset. Full reports, reference pins, generation settings and review limitations accompany the supporting artifacts.

The new text is generated data; this release does not assert a blanket license for all configurations. Existing source-dependent licenses remain applicable. Original SynthSTEL is an evaluation/reference source and is not redistributed here. Cite Patel et al., StyleDistance: Stronger Content-Independent Style Embeddings with Synthetic Parallel Examples, NAACL 2025: https://aclanthology.org/2025.naacl-long.436/

Config Feature ID 0 ID 1 Group
synthstel_luna__complex_sentence_structure Complex Sentence Structure Simple Complex register
synthstel_luna__fluency_in_sentence_construction Fluency in Sentence Construction Disfluent sentence Fluent sentence feature
synthstel_luna__frequent_usage_of_common_verbs Frequent Usage of Common Verbs Less frequent common verbs With common verbs feature
synthstel_luna__frequent_usage_of_determiners Frequent Usage of Determiners Less frequent determiners With determiners feature
synthstel_luna__frequent_usage_of_function_words Frequent Usage of Function Words Less frequent function words With function words feature
synthstel_luna__frequent_usage_of_punctuation Frequent Usage of Punctuation Less frequent punctuation With frequent punctuation feature
synthstel_luna__incorporation_of_humor Incorporation of Humor Without humor With humor register
synthstel_luna__positive_sentiment_expression Positive Sentiment Expression Negative Positive register
synthstel_luna__presence_of_misspelled_words Presence of Misspelled Words Normal sentence Sentence with a few misspelled words feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_active_voice Usage of Active Voice Passive Active feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_articles Usage of Articles Less frequent articles With articles feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_certain_tone Usage of Certain Tone Uncertain Certain register
synthstel_luna__usage_of_conjunctions Usage of Conjunctions Less frequent conjunctions With conjunctions feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_contractions Usage of Contractions Without contractions With contractions feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_emojis Usage of Emojis No emojis With emojis feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_formal_tone Usage of Formal Tone Informal Formal register
synthstel_luna__usage_of_long_words Usage of Long Words Short average word length Long average word length feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_metaphors Usage of Metaphors Without metaphor With metaphor feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_nominalizations Usage of Nominalizations Without nominalizations With nominalizations feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_numerical_digits Usage of Numerical Digits Less frequent digits With digits feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_numerical_substitution Usage of Numerical Substitution Without number substitution With number substitution feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_offensive_language Usage of Offensive Language Non-offensive Offensive register
synthstel_luna__usage_of_only_lowercase_letters Usage of Only Lowercase Letters Proper capitalization All lower case feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_only_uppercase_letters Usage of Only Uppercase Letters Proper capitalization All upper case feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_personal_pronouns Usage of Personal Pronouns Less frequent pronouns With personal pronouns feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_polite_tone Usage of Polite Tone Impolite Polite register
synthstel_luna__usage_of_prepositions Usage of Prepositions Less frequent prepositions With prepositions feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_present_focused_vs_future_focused Usage of Present-focused vs. Future-focused Future-focused Present-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_present_focused_vs_past_focused Usage of Present-focused vs. Past-focused Past-focused Present-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_pronouns Usage of Pronouns Less frequent pronouns With pronouns feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_sarcasm Usage of Sarcasm Without sarcasm With sarcasm register
synthstel_luna__usage_of_self_focused_language_vs_audience_focused Usage of Self-Focused Language vs. Audience-focused Audience-focused Self-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_self_focused_language_vs_inclusive_focused Usage of Self-Focused Language vs. Inclusive-focused Inclusive-focused Self-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_self_focused_language_vs_you_focused Usage of Self-Focused Language vs. You-Focused You-focused Self-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_self_focused_perspective_vs_third_person_singular Usage of Self-Focused Perspective vs. Third-person Singular Third-person singular Self-focused feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_text_emojis Usage of Text Emojis No emojis Text emojis feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_uppercase_letters Usage of Uppercase Letters Without uppercase letters With uppercase letters feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_words_indicating_affective_vs_cognitive_processes Usage of Words Indicating Affective vs. Cognitive Processes Cognitive processes Affective processes feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_words_indicating_affective_vs_perceptual_processes Usage of Words Indicating Affective vs. Perceptual Processes Perceptual processes Affective processes feature
synthstel_luna__usage_of_words_indicating_cognitive_vs_perceptual_processes Usage of Words Indicating Cognitive vs. Perceptual Processes Perceptual processes Cognitive processes feature

Loading and reproduction

Every config has text, primary_id_int, secondary_category_int, and source_record_id; extra fields preserve source-specific metadata. Unknown shared content uses -1, which must never count as one shared group. CEFR-SP remains the default config. CLMET's genre/period views overlap in their source works, so summing their rows does not count unique works. Sample spans from CLMET's complete long works rather than repeatedly truncating their openings.

from datasets import load_dataset
repo = "peterkirby/mymirmdatasets2"
genre = load_dataset(repo, "clmet_genre")
period = load_dataset(repo, "clmet_period")
contrast = load_dataset(repo, "synthstel_luna__usage_of_formal_tone")

The release has 43 configs and 18,632 configuration rows: 10,003 CEFR-SP, 629 across the two overlapping CLMET views, and 8,000 SynthSTEL-Luna sentences. Use reproduction/README.md for publisher commands and source-package layout. release.json and validation.json record source pins, checksums and local acceptance. The publication receipt returned by the publisher records the exact Hub revision and remote verification. No model training is performed.

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