| --- |
| license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 |
| language: |
| - am |
| - ar |
| - bn |
| - de |
| - es |
| - fa |
| - fr |
| - hi |
| - id |
| - ja |
| - km |
| - ml |
| - mr |
| - ne |
| - ru |
| - si |
| - sw |
| - ta |
| - th |
| - uk |
| - ur |
| - vi |
| - yo |
| - zh |
| tags: |
| - ai-text-detection |
| - idea-provenance |
| - multilingual |
| pretty_name: IdeaShift-X |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: source |
| path: data/source.parquet |
| - split: level_0 |
| path: data/level_0.parquet |
| - split: level_5 |
| path: data/level_5.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # IdeaShift-X |
|
|
| IdeaShift-X tests idea-provenance detection outside English. It holds about 10,000 human-written web pages in 24 |
| languages from [FineWeb2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2). Each page has two AI versions in |
| the same language, written by Gemini 3.7 Flash: |
|
|
| - **Level 0:** written from a brief naming only the document type, so the ideas are the AI's. |
| - **Level 5:** written from the page's full role-labelled outline with an instruction to add nothing, so the ideas |
| are the page's and the prose is the AI's. |
|
|
| A detector should not flag the human pages. It should flag level 0 for AI ideas. An idea detector should not flag |
| level 5; a prose detector should. |
|
|
| ## Construction |
|
|
| The dataset merges two builds. |
|
|
| - **9-language build:** Arabic, Chinese, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, Tamil, Urdu. About 610-740 |
| pages per language. |
| - **24-language build:** adds 15 languages at about 250 pages each. |
|
|
| Pages were format-classified with WebOrganizer's annotation prompt on an LLM. Only pages in the eight long-form |
| formats IdeaLens was trained on were kept, some of them force-fitted to the closest format. Outlines are always |
| extracted in English, whatever the page's language. |
|
|
| ## Splits |
|
|
| | Split | Rows | What it holds | |
| |---|---:|---| |
| | `source` | 10,160 | the human-written FineWeb2 pages | |
| | `level_0` | 10,152 | the AI version written from a brief naming only the document type (AI ideas) | |
| | `level_5` | 10,116 | the AI version written from the page's full outline (human ideas, AI prose) | |
|
|
| Rows in different splits share `seed_id`; a few pages lack one of their AI versions. `language` selects a language, |
| e.g. `load_dataset("rishanthrajendhran/IdeaShift-X", split="level_5").filter(lambda r: r["language"] == "fra_Latn")`. |
|
|
| ## Fields |
|
|
| | Field | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `id` | `<language>#<FineWeb2 id>` for human pages; `…\|level0` / `…\|level5` for AI versions | |
| | `seed_id` | the human page the row belongs to | |
| | `language`, `language_name` | FineWeb2 language code and name | |
| | `build` | `9-language` or `24-language` | |
| | `level` | null for the human page; 0 or 5 for AI versions | |
| | `kind`, `prose_author`, `idea_author` | what the row is and who wrote its prose and ideas | |
| | `generator` | `gemini-3.7-flash` for AI versions | |
| | `format` | the page's format (WebOrganizer taxonomy, one of the eight long-form formats) | |
| | `words`, `text` | the document | |
| | `seed_crawl_dump`, `seed_crawl_date` | Common Crawl snapshot and crawl date of the human page | |
| | `system_prompt`, `prompt` | the exact generation request of a level-0 document (`system_prompt` is always "You are a skilled writer."); empty for the human pages and for level 5 | |
| | `outline` | the English, role-labelled outline of this document as IdeaLens scored it (JSON string: `document_description`, `global_themes`, `items` of `role` and `content`) | |
| | `idealens_p_ai`, `proselens_p_ai`, `pangram4_p_ai` | detector P(AI) as reported in the paper (IdeaLens on the outline, ProseLens and Pangram 4 on the document) | |
|
|
| ## Caveats |
|
|
| - URLs are not included. The FineWeb2 id identifies each page in the source dataset. |
| - Outlines are the untreated outlines each document was scored on, not the paraphrased outlines used for training. The |
| level-5 prompt is assembled from a template for each document and was not stored, so `system_prompt` and `prompt` are |
| empty there. |
| - Scores are stored at full precision. Rounding them ties the very small P(AI) values and moves the AUC. `pangram4_p_ai` |
| is empty for a few documents Pangram returned nothing for. |
| - Flag a document at the 1% global cut, as in the paper: IdeaLens when `idealens_p_ai` is above 0.86288, Pangram 4 when |
| `pangram4_p_ai` is at least 0.5, ProseLens when `proselens_p_ai` is above 0.39461. |
| - Outlines and page text can contain web addresses or e-mail addresses that were on the original page. |
|
|
| ## Scoring |
|
|
| The [idealens](https://github.com/RishanthRajendhran/IdeaLens) package ([PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/idealens/)) runs IdeaLens, ProseLens and the other released detectors on these documents: `pip install idealens`, then `idealens run` on a JSONL file with a `text` field. |
|
|
| All IdeaLens models and datasets are in the [IdeaLens collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/rishanthrajendhran/idealens-6abee785ce6196fc0be9200f). |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| The dataset is released under [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/): free to share and adapt for non-commercial purposes, with attribution and under |
| the same license. The human pages come from FineWeb2 (ODC-By 1.0) and remain subject to the terms of their original |
| sources and of Common Crawl. The AI versions were produced with Google Gemini models. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @article{idealens2026, |
| title = {IdeaLens: Detecting AI Ideas in Long-form Writing}, |
| author = {Rajendhran, Rishanth and Choi, Minjoon and Russell, Jenna and Namuduri, Ramya and B{\"o}l{\"o}ni-Turgut, Deniz and Karpinska, Marzena and Wieting, John and Iyyer, Mohit}, |
| journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2610.06778}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| eprint = {2610.06778}, |
| archivePrefix = {arXiv}, |
| primaryClass = {cs.CL}, |
| url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06778} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
