spiderpilot89/zero-trust-physics-companions

Companions

Someone measured a real thing and published what they found. A companion sits beside their data.

What does a model built from your published data say about the runs it never saw?

Each config here is a companion to one open dataset or report. It names the people who made the measurements and links to their work. Then it holds, run by run, what a model built from part of that work predicts for the runs that were held back from it, and every prediction comes with its cryptographic proof, so any agent can run it again and get the same thing.

The models are served by Zero-Trust Physics, a physics verifier for Super Intelligence (SI). SI agents ask it questions about real hardware, and every answer comes with a cryptographic proof; when a question goes past what a model was tested for, the answer stops there and says why.

The address is https://mcp.zerotrustphysics.com/mcp. Open to any agent.

Every row in this dataset was made by asking that address, the way any agent would. So the dataset is also a picture of what the address does: the request that was sent is in the row, and so is the answer, byte for byte.

Hand it to your agent.

Connect to https://mcp.zerotrustphysics.com/mcp and read what is there. Then tell me what it is, and why it might matter to me.

Or, with this dataset open: pick a row, send its request to the tool named in its tool column, and compare what comes back with its answer.

The people first

Each of these is a real thing that other people measured. The passing grade was set before anyone looked at their answer, and each model says how it did.

Companion	Measured by	Their data	Measurements here	The model
spert-iii The SPERT III reactor	R. K. McCardell, D. I. Herborn and J. E. Houghtaling, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho ...	link	linked	missed on timing
stardust NASA's Stardust capsule	Prasun N. Desai and Garry D. Qualls, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, who reconstructed the entry from the navigation state and the radar and video ...	link	linked	met
webb The Webb telescope's guide star	The JWST Fine Guidance Sensor team (Canadian Space Agency), the JWST flight software and operations teams, and the Space Telescope Science Institute, which calibrated ...	link	included	met
great-britain-grid Great Britain's power grid	The National Energy System Operator (NESO; before 2024 National Grid Electricity System Operator), which measures and publishes the system frequency once a second and ...	link	included	met
lageos LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2	The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS): its network of laser stations, its analysis centres ASI, BKG, CNES, DGFI, ESA, GFZ, JCET and NSGF, and its two ...	link	included	met
tyre-on-ice Virginia Tech's tyre on ice	Dmitrij Schleinin, Dzmitrij Savitski (spelt Dzmitry on parts 2 and 3) and Valentin Ivanov, Technische Universität Ilmenau; Emilio Jimenez and Corina Sandu, Virginia ...	link	included	met
curiosity-generator Curiosity's generator	Christofer Whiting (University of Dayton) and David Woerner (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), who collected and curated the record on their own time. Their 2023 edition ...	link	included	missed
spert-iii-three-temperatures SPERT III again, at three temperatures	R. K. McCardell, D. I. Herborn and J. E. Houghtaling, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho ...	link	linked	missed a mark
spert-iii-c-core SPERT III with a different core	C. R. Toole, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho Operations Office of the U.S. Atomic ...	link	linked	missed a mark
insight-capsule NASA's InSight capsule	Özgür Karatekin and Bart Van Hove, Royal Observatory of Belgium, who made the trajectory and atmospheric reconstruction from the flight's inertial record (PDS bundle ...	link	linked	met in one part, missed in another
ryugu-crater A crater blasted into an asteroid	M. Arakawa, T. Saiki, K. Wada and the Hayabusa2 team (JAXA, Kobe University and others), who made the impact and measured the crater (Arakawa et al. 2020). R. M. Schmidt ...	link	linked	missed a mark
pica-heat-shield A slab of charring heat-shield material	F. S. Milos and Y.-K. Chen, NASA Ames Research Center, who tabulated the conditions, wear and face temperature of 69 arc-jet models tested in the Ames Aerodynamic ...	link	linked	missed a mark
solar-system The Solar System, carried forward	The stations of NASA's Deep Space Network made the range measurements to Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MESSENGER, Juno and Cassini. JPL's Solar System ...	link	linked	met in one part, missed in another
panasonic-18650pf One Panasonic lithium-ion cell	Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer, who performed the tests at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (the dataset's description). The Mendeley Data record lists two institutions, ...	link	included	met its marks
tesla-2170-m80 One Tesla Model 3 cell, at six temperatures	Fauzia Khanum and Mina Naguib performed the tests at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, with the support of Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer (the data readme, ...	link	included	missed a mark
tesla-2170-two-cells Two further cells of the same type	Fauzia Khanum and Mina Naguib performed the tests at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, with the support of Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer (the data readme, ...	link	included	met in one part, missed in another
darmstadt-accumulator A hydraulic accumulator on a test rig	Manuel Rexer and Oscar Lefemmine, who made the measurements in March 2024 and published them (four records by Rexer, three by Lefemmine; Rexer is named as project ...	link	included	missed a mark
fingertip-on-glass A human fingertip slipping on glass	Sophie du Bois de Dunilac, David Córdova Bulens and Stephen J. Redmond, University College Dublin; Philippe Lefèvre and Benoit P. Delhaye, Université catholique de ...	link	included	missed a mark
sheffield-journal-bearing A bearing flooded with oil	Scott Beamish, Xiangwei Li, Henry Brunskill, Andrew Hunter and Rob Dwyer-Joyce, Leonardo Centre for Tribology, University of Sheffield, who built the platform, measured ...	link	included	met its marks
cmsx6-creep A nickel superalloy creeping at 980 degrees Celsius	Luis A. Ávila Calderón, Sina Schriever, Ying Han, Jürgen (Juergen) Olbricht and Birgit Skrotzki, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), division 5.2, ...	link	included	met its marks
eth-cantilever An aluminium strip, clamped at one end and ringing	Zhilu Lai, Ignacio Alzugaray, Margarita Chli and Eleni Chatzi, who made the recordings at ETH Zürich for their article in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing ...	link	included	missed a mark
bam-s355-steel Four bars of structural steel, rung	Markus Schilling, Steffen Glaubitz, Kathrin Matzak, Birgit Rehmer and Birgit Skrotzki, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin; order 5.22/430, ...	link	included	missed a mark
gothenburg-microwave-link Rain on a microwave link	Jafet C. M. Andersson, Jonas Olsson, C. Z. (Remco) van de Beek, Jonas Hansryd, Håkan Andersson and Jonas Persson, the creators of the OpenMRG data set. Hi3G Access AB ...	link	included	met its marks
knorr-seawater Columns of seawater, measured from a ship	The chief scientists of the five legs, as CCHDO's records name them: Lynne Talley (SIO; leg 7, I08N/I05E), Worth Nowlin (TAMU; leg 8, I03), John Toole (WHOI; leg 9, ...	link	included	met its marks
argon-gas Argon gas at low density	Speed of sound: Anthony R. H. Goodwin and James A. Hill (two spherical acoustic resonators; J. Chem. Eng. Data 54, 2009). Viscosity: E. Vogel (all-quartz ...	link	included	met its marks
armaly-step Air flowing over a step	B. F. Armaly, F. Durst, J. C. F. Pereira and B. Schönung (Universität Karlsruhe) made the measurements (J. Fluid Mech. 127, 1983). The circles compared are their ...	link	linked	met its marks
princeton-superpipe Compressed air through a smooth pipe	The group of Professor Alexander J. Smits, Gas Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University. Beverley J. McKeon, J. Li, W. ...	link	linked	missed a mark
trichoderma-fed-batch A marine fungus grown in a fed vessel	Anu Tamminen, Rosaliina Turunen (the Zenodo record spells the name Rosalina), Dorothee Barth, Virve Vidgren and Marilyn G. Wiebe, VTT Technical Research Centre of ...	link	included	missed a mark
jet-dte1 The JET tokamak, in pulses of 1996 to 1997	The JET Joint Undertaking and EFDA-JET, Culham, who ran the pulses (comment files: 'Institution: EFDA-JET'). Robert V. Budny (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory), ...	link	linked	missed a mark
tokamak-dt-jet-tftr Deuterium-tritium pulses of two tokamaks, JET and TFTR	The TFTR group, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, who ran the pulses and made the 1996 to 1997 submissions (comment files: 'Institution: PPPL, ...	link	linked	missed a mark
lhd-proton-boron A boron-seeded hydrogen plasma in the Large Helical Device	K. Ogawa, R. M. Magee, T. Tajima, H. Gota, P. McCarroll, I. Allfrey, H. Nuga, M. Isobe and M. Osakabe (Ogawa et al. 2024), and with them S. Ohdachi, S. Kamio, V. ...	link	included	missed a mark
apc-propeller A ten-inch model-aircraft propeller	John B. Brandt, Robert W. Deters, Gavin K. Ananda, Or D. Dantsker and Michael S. Selig, UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University ...	link	linked	missed a mark

"Linked" means the source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so the row holds the prediction and a pointer to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record: the address, the file and the place in it. The full credits, with every source and its licence as stated, are in CREDITS.md.

When a row is a stop

Some rows hold no prediction. The verifier has kept moving since these comparisons were first made, and several models now stop at an edge they once ran past: a load above anything the model was built from, or a temperature where it was shown to be wrong. A held-back run on the far side of that edge gets a stop and a reason, and that is what its row holds: the request, the reason in the model's own words, and, where steps were taken before the stop, the proof of those steps.

A stop is an answer too. It is the model saying where it ends.

What a row holds

Column	What it is
config, row	The companion and the row's place in it.
run_id, run_id_note, group	The held-back run as its authors name it (their file, test, pulse, trip or station), a note in plain words, and the group the passing grade scores it in.
model, tool	The served model, and the tool the request was sent to: run_trajectory, solve, run_dataset or validate_series.
address, sent_utc	Where the request was sent, and when.
request	The JSON that was sent, exactly.
answer	The text that came back, byte for byte. It holds the full answer with its proof.
outcome, stop_reason, stop_detail	How the run ended, and when it stopped, the reason by name and in a sentence.
engine_version	The version string the answer carries.
proof_kind, proof, receipt_sha256	The answer's cryptographic proof (run_seal, solution_seal, validation_seal or dataset_seal) and the receipt over its whole text.
prediction	The compared quantities: quantity, unit, value in decimals and value_hex, the exact 64-bit number. derived is true where the value was worked out from the answer (a peak found over the recorded steps, a ratio) and is not one number the answer prints.
measurements_included, measurement_licence	Whether this companion carries its authors' measurements (in measured, or inside the request where the model is driven by a measured series), and the licence they stay under, as the source states it.
measured	The measured value of each compared quantity, or null.
measurement_pointer	Where the measurement is in the authors' own data: url, file, row. Always there.
error	Prediction minus measurement, where both are in the row.
mark, mark_met, score	The passing grade as it bears on this row, in words; mark_met is true or false only where the grade is set run by run and null otherwise; score holds, for the lithium-ion cells, the run's own figures worked out from the answer and the authors' series (JSON). Most grades are set over all the held-back runs together; those are in each config's section below, in the verifier's own words.

Where the measurements may be passed on and the comparison is a measured series, the request is a validate_series request: the measurements travel in it, and the answer states the error under one proof. Where they may not, the request asks for the prediction alone.

JSON Lines is the source: data/<config>.jsonl. The Parquet beside each file holds the same rows for the viewer.

from datasets import load_dataset
rows = load_dataset("spiderpilot89/zero-trust-physics-companions", "lageos", split="train")
print(rows[0]["run_id"], rows[0]["proof"])

Running it again

Two short scripts come with the data. Both use the Python standard library and nothing else.

python3 verify_rows.py                 # recomputes the cryptographic proof of every row, from the files alone
python3 replay.py lageos 0             # sends one row's request to the address and compares what comes back

verify_rows.py reads each row's request and answer and recomputes the proof by the published rule: the hash of the request, the chain of recorded steps, the final state, the seal, the receipt. replay.py asks the address the same question again. The rule itself, with worked examples, is in the repository: https://github.com/johnkruze/zero-trust-physics

A proof shows that an answer was not changed after it was made. Sending the request again and getting the same proof shows where it came from.

The companions

Results are quoted from each model's own description, as read from the verifier on the morning of 11 October 2026. The rows were made on the night of 12 October 2026. The verifier's own descriptions are always the current word: describe_card and describe_solver at the address.

spert-iii

The SPERT III reactor. The SPERT III E-core, a small oxide-fuelled pressurized-water test reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, in its cold-startup reactivity-insertion tests of the 1960s: the ten held-back tests of IDO-17281 Table III.

Measured by. R. K. McCardell, D. I. Herborn and J. E. Houghtaling, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho Operations Office of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission: the SPERT III E-core tests at the National Reactor Testing Station, reported March 1969 as IDO-17281. The report thanks M. Ishikawa (on loan from the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute), G. A. Mortensen, R. K. Stitt and M. W. King, and J. P. Campbell, J. F. Scott and W. A. Eisenbarth of the Oxide Core Kinetics Group.

Cite their work. McCardell, R. K.; Herborn, D. I.; Houghtaling, J. E. (1969). Reactivity Accident Test Results and Analyses for the SPERT III E-Core: A Small, Oxide-Fueled, Pressurized-Water Reactor. Report IDO-17281, Phillips Petroleum Co., Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, March 1969. OSTI 4792676. https://doi.org/10.2172/4792676

Their data.

• Measurements: McCardell, R. K.; Herborn, D. I.; Houghtaling, J. E., Reactivity Accident Test Results and Analyses for the SPERT III E-Core: A Small, Oxide-Fueled, Pressurized-Water Reactor, 1969. https://doi.org/10.2172/4792676 Licence as the source states it: No licence is stated. The report's cover carries the distribution statement "Distribution of this document is unlimited." and the Commission's legal notice ("This report ...

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One cold-startup test of IDO-17281 Table III, named by its test number, in the order the table prints them (longest period first): one run of the card from the step in reactivity to the first maximum of power.

What the model did: missed on timing. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any model was run (protocol SHA-256 47458dc27bcd9a60fe6c16ac613b2be3e15b30c7e4bb75d7624c80707e4e7ccd). Peak power and energy released to the peak: the root mean square of the error, in units of the report's standard deviation, at most 1.5; the worst error at most 3; the mean error at most 0.5 in size. Time of the peak: the root mean square of the relative error at most 5 percent and the worst at most 10 percent."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the ten held-back tests on 2026-10-08, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: five of the eight lines were met and three were missed. Peak power met all three of its lines: root mean square 0.58 of the report's standard deviation, worst 1.13, mean +0.29. Energy released to the peak met two and missed one: root mean square 1.01, worst 1.99, and a mean of -0.705 against a line of 0.5 in size: the card reads low. Time of the peak missed both of its lines: root mean square 23 percent against 5 and worst 29 percent against 10, every peak early."

The rows, as the address answered them. 10 rows; 10 ran to an end the model itself declares, and are under proof to that step (PastFirstMaximum 10).

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/spert-iii/

stardust

NASA's Stardust capsule. NASA's Stardust sample return capsule on its entry into Earth's atmosphere on 15 January 2006, from entry interface to drogue parachute opening.

Measured by. Prasun N. Desai and Garry D. Qualls, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, who reconstructed the entry from the navigation state and the radar and video record of the Utah Test and Training Range (AIAA-2008-1198). The pre-entry analysis and navigation delivery: Prasun N. Desai (NASA Langley), Daniel T. Lyons, Jeffrey Tooley and Julie Kangas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). The capsule's aerodynamics: R. A. Mitcheltree, R. G. Wilmoth, F. M. Cheatwood, G. J. Brauckmann and F. A. Greene (NASA Langley), 1997. Stardust was the fourth of NASA's Discovery class missions.

Cite their work. Desai, P. N., and Qualls, G. D., "Stardust Entry Reconstruction", AIAA-2008-1198, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, January 2008. NASA Technical Reports Server 20080008567. (The authors state no preferred form of citation.)

Their data.

• Measurements: Desai, Prasun N.; Qualls, Garry D., Stardust Entry Reconstruction, 2008. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080008567 Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Desai, Prasun N.; Qualls, Garry D., Reconstruction of the Stardust Entry, 2007. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080013470 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One run of the card from the locked entry state: the protocol's run at 0.05 s, the same at half the step, and the run asked to go on to the card's floor.

What the model did: met. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any trajectory was computed: peak load within 3.64 g of 32.89 g, and the altitude and the Mach number of parachute opening each reached within 7.4 s of the recorded time. The lines are NASA's printed three-sigma pre-entry spreads."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "All three lines met. Peak load 32.17 g, 2.2 percent under 32.89 g. The altitude of 31.03 km was reached at 138.909 s and Mach 1.23 at 136.953 s, against 137.9 s recorded."

The rows, as the address answered them. 3 rows; 3 ran to an end the model itself declares, and are under proof to that step (PastFlightDeployment 3).

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/stardust/

webb

The Webb telescope's guide star. The James Webb Space Telescope holding a guide star in fine guide: the offset of the star's centroid from the lock point on the two axes of the Fine Guidance Sensor, every 64 ms.

Measured by. The JWST Fine Guidance Sensor team (Canadian Space Agency), the JWST flight software and operations teams, and the Space Telescope Science Institute, which calibrated and published the centroids in the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Programme 1163, OTE-26 Routine WFSC/CC Jitter Maintenance (commissioning), principal investigator of record Marshall Perrin (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-03127 for JWST. The telescope is NASA's, ESA's and CSA's.

Cite their work. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1163. Files: JWST programme 1163 (OTE-26 Routine WFSC/CC Jitter Maintenance, PI M. Perrin), calibrated fine-guide products, table FGS CENTROID PACKET, from MAST, retrieved 2026-10-09.

Their data.

• Measurements: Space Telescope Science Institute; JWST programme 1163, PI Marshall Perrin, JWST programme 1163, OTE-26 Routine WFSC/CC Jitter Maintenance: calibrated fine-guide files jw01163001_gs-fg__cal.fits, table FGS CENTROID PACKET, 2022. https://mast.stsci.edu/api/v0.1/Download/file?uri=mast:JWST/product/ Licence as the source states it: MAST Data Use Policy: "Most data hosted at MAST are in the public domain (see: open data), and therefore do not have restrictions on use. There are, however, ...
• Measurements: Space Telescope Science Institute, MAST Data Attributions: the acknowledgment asked of work using JWST data, 2026. https://archive.stsci.edu/publishing/mission-acknowledgements Licence as the source states it: Acknowledgment text for JWST, as the model's description quotes it: "This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. ...

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: MAST Data Use Policy: "Most data hosted at MAST are in the public domain (see: open data), and therefore do not have restrictions on use. There are, however, expectations (or in some cases, requirements) that ...; Acknowledgment text for JWST, as the model's description quotes it: "This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for .... They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back fine-guide file, named by its MAST file name, sent as one run from its first frame: one segment of one 64 ms step per frame with the table's own three numbers, the registered lock point (the median of the good centroids of the first 10,000 frames).

What the model did: met. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any held-back file was downloaded (pre-registration SHA-256 9e160724092e182f847eb0103e6ca7a54aba0f75c5d1ca14dcd275c9a554c8f5), on the quiet frames of the held-back files, for each axis: the error of the prediction one frame ahead at most 0.85 of the error of taking the last centroid and at most 0.85 of the error of taking the lock point; the mean of the squared error over the variance the card states between 0.67 and 1.50; the correlation of that normalised error from one frame to the next at most 0.15 in size; and that mean between 0.5 and 2.0 in at least 80 percent of the files with 500 quiet frames or more."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the held-back visits on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison passed: all five marks were met on both axes. The marks are on quiet frames. The card as it was scored answered every frame of a file, and on a whole file the outcome was the other way. Over all 973,388 measured held-back frames, quiet and disturbed together, the card's error one frame ahead was 1.35 on x and 1.26 on y of the error of taking the last centroid, and the squared error over the variance it states was 3.9 and 3.0. Disturbances are in 121 of the 134 files and make up 18.3 percent of the measured frames. The card's own whole-file figure on x, nis_sum_x over measured_frames in the final state, lies in 0.5 to 2.0 in only 39 of the 134 files. The card as scored marked the 5.8 percent of frames above 5 mas with a flag and answered them, and answered the 30 s after them with no mark."

The rows, as the address answered them. 134 rows; 4 answered through to the end of the request; 130 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (PointingDisturbance 82, InnovationBeyondFourSigma 48).

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/webb/

great-britain-grid

Great Britain's power grid. The 50 Hz transmission system of England, Scotland and Wales in the 60 seconds after an importing HVDC interconnector, or one pole of it, trips: the 13 held-back trips of 693 to 1098 MW between May 2018 and February 2025.

Measured by. The National Energy System Operator (NESO; before 2024 National Grid Electricity System Operator), which measures and publishes the system frequency once a second and the half-hourly outturn inertia on the NESO Data Portal; and Elexon Limited, which publishes the five-minute generation by fuel type (BMRS dataset FUELINST) from which the size of each loss and the demand are read. No individual authors are named by either record.

Cite their work. National Energy System Operator (2026). System Frequency [one value per second, April 2017 to September 2026; retrieved 2026-10-09]. NESO Data Portal. https://www.neso.energy/data-portal/system-frequency-data. National Grid Electricity System Operator [now National Energy System Operator] (2026). System Inertia [half-hourly outturn inertia, 2017 to 2026; retrieved 2026-10-09]. NESO Data Portal. https://www.neso.energy/data-portal/system-inertia. Supported by National Energy SO Open Data. Elexon Limited (2026). Generation by fuel type, BMRS dataset FUELINST [five-minute values around 41 events, 2017 to 2026; retrieved 2026-10-09 from https://data.elexon.co.uk/bmrs/api/v1/datasets/FUELINST]. Contains BMRS data © Elexon Limited copyright and database right 2026.

Their data.

• Measurements: National Energy System Operator, System Frequency, 2026. https://www.neso.energy/data-portal/system-frequency-data Licence as the source states it: NESO Open Data Licence (National Energy SO Open Data Licence v1.0)
• Measurements: National Grid Electricity System Operator (now National Energy System Operator), System Inertia, 2026. https://www.neso.energy/data-portal/system-inertia Licence as the source states it: NESO Open Data Licence (National Energy SO Open Data Licence v1.0)
• Measurements: Elexon Limited, Generation by fuel type, five-minute (BMRS dataset FUELINST), 2026. https://bmrs.elexon.co.uk/generation-by-fuel-type Licence as the source states it: Elexon licence to use BMRS open data: 'worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to Use the BMRS Data' (as recorded in citations.json; no copy of the ...

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: NESO Open Data Licence (National Energy SO Open Data Licence v1.0); Elexon licence to use BMRS open data: 'worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to Use the BMRS Data'. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back trip: one validate_series request, a 60 s run of the card (3,840 steps of 1/64 s) from the measured start frequency, inertia, demand and loss, compared with the 60 measured one-second frequencies after the start sample, sample j+k at step 64k-32.

What the model did: met. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any model was run (protocol SHA-256 35c91fa9fe440ad852390b77bcd6ecddd8e7029630e620a660b11aad1f481ea9, amended once before the structure of this card was fitted, SHA-256 0fd449fc45839ef37928db97995b43f47cb22bb2ae89d531ccf4592e6e9732ba). Depth of the fall and the steepest second: root mean square of the relative error at most 0.25 and mean within 0.10, and the depth error smaller than that of the rule that depth is proportional to loss. Frequency near 60 s: root mean square error at most 0.06 Hz. The whole trace: median root mean square error at most 0.05 Hz."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the held-back trips on 2026-10-09, run once through the engine: all seven lines were met on 12 trips. One of the 13 was dropped before scoring by the quality rule written beforehand, the trip of 2 September 2021, whose recorded frequency moves 0.275 Hz in the ten seconds before the fall. That was two opposite losses at once, an export link and an import link, and not one trip. Depth of the fall: root mean square relative error 0.166 and mean -0.018, against 0.182 for the rule that depth is proportional to loss on the same trips; the worst was 37 percent too shallow, on 9 May 2019. Steepest second: 0.103 and mean +0.043. Frequency near 60 s: 0.046 Hz. The whole trace: median 0.036 Hz."

The rows, as the address answered them. 13 rows; 12 answered through to the end of the request; 1 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/great-britain-grid/

lageos

LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2. The laser-ranging satellites LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2 in free flight, each started from its published position and velocity at one instant and followed for up to seven days.

Measured by. The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS): its network of laser stations, its analysis centres ASI, BKG, CNES, DGFI, ESA, GFZ, JCET and NSGF, and its two combination centres, ILRSA (primary, made at ASI) and ILRSB (backup, made at JCET). The start states are from the GFZ analysis centre's weekly orbit; the orbit compared with is the ILRSA combined orbit. The files were served by the EUROLAS Data Center (EDC) at DGFI-TUM. Paper the ILRS asks to be cited: M. R. Pearlman, C. E. Noll, E. C. Pavlis et al..

Cite their work. Pearlman, M. R., Noll, C. E., Pavlis, E. C., et al. (2019). The ILRS: approaching 20 years and planning for the future. Journal of Geodesy 93, 2161-2180. doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01241-1. ILRS orbit product: doi:10.5067/SLR/SLR_ILRSORB_001, fetched from the EUROLAS Data Center (DGFI-TUM) on 2026-10-06. Keyword requested by the ILRS: SLR.

Their data.

• Measurements: International Laser Ranging Service; combination centre ILRSA (ASI) and analysis centre GFZ, ILRS weekly precise orbit files (SP3c) of LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2, rapid series, version 80, weeks 260829 to 260919, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5067/SLR/SLR_ILRSORB_001 Licence as the source states it: "The data and products are not copyrighted; however, in the event that you publish data or results using these data, we request that you include the following citation" ...
• Measurements: Pearlman, M. R.; Noll, C. E.; Pavlis, E. C.; et al., The ILRS: approaching 20 years and planning for the future, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01241-1 Licence as the source states it: not read (the paper was not opened: publisher's cookie wall); it is the citation the ILRS asks for, not a data file

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: "The data and products are not copyrighted; however, in the event that you publish data or results using these data, we request that you include the following citation" (Pearlman et al. 2019), and "please include SLR as .... They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One run: one satellite, one ILRS week file, one start at 0 h UTC of day 0 to 6 of the week.

What the model did: met. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any model was scored: within 1 m of the published orbit after one revolution, 10 m after one day and 100 m after seven days."

The rows, as the address answered them. 42 rows; 42 answered through to the end of the request.

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/lageos/

tyre-on-ice

Virginia Tech's tyre on ice. One 235/55 R19 all-season sport-utility tyre rolled on a prepared ice track by the Terramechanics Rig at Virginia Tech in April 2016: the ratio of its longitudinal force to its normal load at a held slip, driven and braked.

Measured by. Dmitrij Schleinin, Dzmitrij Savitski (spelt Dzmitry on parts 2 and 3) and Valentin Ivanov, Technische Universität Ilmenau; Emilio Jimenez and Corina Sandu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Measured on the Terramechanics Rig of the Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory at Virginia Tech, April 2016, for the European project EVE, 'Innovative Engineering of Ground Vehicles with Integrated Active Chassis Systems' (European Commission grant 645736, Horizon 2020).

Cite their work. Schleinin, D., Savitski, D., Jimenez, E., Sandu, C. and Ivanov, V. (2017). Dataset of tyre tests on ice - Part 1, Part 2, Part 3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009017 , https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009023 , https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009025 . The records ask for no particular wording.

Their data.

• Measurements: Schleinin, Dmitrij; Savitski, Dzmitrij; Jimenez, Emilio; Sandu, Corina; Ivanov, Valentin, Dataset of tyre tests on ice - Part 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009017 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Measurements: Schleinin, Dmitrij; Savitski, Dzmitry; Jimenez, Emilio; Sandu, Corina; Ivanov, Valentin, Dataset of tyre tests on ice - Part 2, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009023 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Measurements: Schleinin, Dmitrij; Savitski, Dzmitry; Jimenez, Emilio; Sandu, Corina; Ivanov, Valentin, Dataset of tyre tests on ice - Part 3, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009025 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back run file of the authors (.mat: one mode, one normal load, one inflation pressure, one repeat), in run-number order.

What the model did: met. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any held-back run was opened (pre-registration SHA-256 84a380a5c948cd741ac91845fbfeac7ed1b60ed3c6a01855bcb99c996e7782c1), on the 60 held-back cells, each the mean over three repeats of the last nine seconds of a slip stage at 5, 6, 7, 12, 15 or 20 percent slip: root-mean-square error of the friction ratio at most 0.045 over all 60 cells, over the 24 cells at 2.5 bar and over the 36 cells at 6.5 kN, and over the 60 cells smaller than the error of a ratio of 0.1 that uses no measurement of this tyre and smaller than the error of the opened runs' mean with no slip term."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the 90 held-back runs on 2026-10-09, and all five lines fixed beforehand were met. Root-mean-square error of the friction ratio: 0.034 over the 60 held-back cells against a line of 0.045, 0.040 over the 24 cells at 2.5 bar and 0.029 over the 36 cells at 6.5 kN. A ratio of 0.1 that uses no measurement of this tyre gave 0.122, and the opened runs' geometric mean with no slip term (least squares on the logarithm) gave 0.036. The mean measured ratio was 0.218, and the card read high by 0.019 on average. Two held-back conditions taken alone were above 0.045, traction at 2.5 bar at 3.5 kN and at 5 kN, with errors of opposite sign; no line was set on a single condition. One held-back run, number 153, is a faulty record: it rolled for about 90 s like the others, and its channels are on other scales."

The rows, as the address answered them. 90 rows; 90 answered through to the end of the request.

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/tyre-on-ice/

curiosity-generator

Curiosity's generator. The radioisotope generator (MMRTG flight unit F1) on NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars: its daily-average electrical output since the landing of 6 August 2012.

Measured by. Christofer Whiting (University of Dayton) and David Woerner (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), who collected and curated the record on their own time. Their 2023 edition says the Curiosity telemetry 'was obtained courtesy E. Clarke and L. Rich of the Idaho National Laboratory, as well as S. Bux and S. Pinkowski of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory'; the 2020 edition says the MMRTG data 'were obtained directly from the mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory'. No funder is stated.

Cite their work. C.E. Whiting and D.F. Woerner, "Chapter 8: Lifetime Performance of Spaceborne RTGs," The Technology of Discovery: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators and Thermoelectric Technologies for Space Exploration, D.F. Woerner, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2023. ISBN: 9781119811367. And, for the post-2020 data, as the dataset's webpage gives it: Whiting, Christofer; Woerner, David (2024). Historical RTG performance data through 2023 [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdfw2

Their data.

• Measurements: Whiting, Christofer; Woerner, David, Historical RTG Performance Data - 2023 Update (Dryad's page titles it 'Historical RTG performance data through 2023'), 2023. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdfw2 Licence as the source states it: CC0 1.0
• Measurements: Whiting, Christofer E.; Woerner, David F., Chapter 8: Lifetime Performance of Spaceborne RTGs, in The Technology of Discovery: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators and Thermoelectric Technologies for Space Exploration, D.F. Woerner, Ed., 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119811398.ch8 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC0 1.0. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One span of mission days compared in one validate_series request: the card run from landing in one-day steps, its electrical power after step n compared with the workbook's row n.

What the model did: missed. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any structure was fitted: over the held-back days the root mean square error within 1.00 percent of the generator's starting power, and the mean error over the final 365 days within 1.00 percent."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "One line met and one missed, so by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed, by nine hundred-thousandths. The root mean square error was 0.81 percent, inside the line. The mean over the final year was +1.01 percent, outside the line of 1.00 percent: the card reads high."

The rows, as the address answered them. 3 rows; 3 answered through to the end of the request.

The longer story of this one: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/curiosity-generator/

spert-iii-three-temperatures

SPERT III again, at three temperatures. The SPERT III E-core test reactor in its low-initial-power reactivity-insertion tests at three inlet temperatures, about 70, 260 and 500 degrees Fahrenheit: the 30 held-back tests of IDO-17281 Tables III and V.

Measured by. R. K. McCardell, D. I. Herborn and J. E. Houghtaling, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho Operations Office of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission: the SPERT III E-core tests at the National Reactor Testing Station, reported March 1969 as IDO-17281. The report thanks M. Ishikawa (on loan from the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute), G. A. Mortensen, R. K. Stitt and M. W. King, and J. P. Campbell, J. F. Scott and W. A. Eisenbarth of the Oxide Core Kinetics Group.

Cite their work. McCardell, R. K.; Herborn, D. I.; Houghtaling, J. E. (1969). Reactivity Accident Test Results and Analyses for the SPERT III E-Core: A Small, Oxide-Fueled, Pressurized-Water Reactor. Report IDO-17281, Phillips Petroleum Co., Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, March 1969. OSTI 4792676. https://doi.org/10.2172/4792676

Their data.

• Measurements: McCardell, R. K.; Herborn, D. I.; Houghtaling, J. E., Reactivity Accident Test Results and Analyses for the SPERT III E-Core: A Small, Oxide-Fueled, Pressurized-Water Reactor, 1969. https://doi.org/10.2172/4792676 Licence as the source states it: No licence is stated. The report's cover carries the distribution statement "Distribution of this document is unlimited." and the Commission's legal notice ("This report ...

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One test of IDO-17281 Table III (cold startup) or Table V (hot startup at about 260 and 500 degF), named by its test number, in the protocol's three groups and in each table's own order: one run of the card from the start of the transient rod's motion to the first maximum of power.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any model was run on a hot-startup test and before any held-back comparison (protocol [the protocol file]; SHA-256 of its machine-readable copy 413ace16d5cc3d622c0ef44c0ea2b9526ac7526dfeee4b43ae601d6018e51db4), for each held-back group and for the "

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the 30 held-back tests on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed in each of the three groups and for the 30 together: of the 24 lines of the three groups 18 were met and 6 were missed, and of the 8 lines for the 30 together 5 were met. Each triple is root mean square, worst and mean, in units of the report's standard deviation; the times are relative errors. Cold group, 10 tests: peak power met its three lines (0.514, 0.937, +0.204), energy released to the peak met its three (0.540, 1.087, +0.023), and time of the peak missed both of its lines: root mean square 5.22 percent against 5 and worst 12.24 percent against 10. That miss is at the floor of the measurement: in this series the report's own plots and its own table disagree on the time of the peak by about 3 to 6 percent."

The rows, as the address answered them. 30 rows; 30 ran to an end the model itself declares, and are under proof to that step (PastFirstMaximum 30).

spert-iii-c-core

SPERT III with a different core. The SPERT III reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, with the C-19/52 core of highly enriched stainless-steel-clad plates: step power excursions from room temperature under pressure and flow, the 39 held-back transients of IDO-16918's appendix.

Measured by. C. R. Toole, Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, under contract AT(10-1)-205 with the Idaho Operations Office of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission: the 126 step transients of IDO-16918, June 1964. The core's measured static characteristics are from C. M. Condit, J. F. Scott and R. L. Johnson, Phillips Petroleum Company for the Commission, IDO-17138, 1967.

Cite their work. Toole, C. R. (1964). The Effects of Pressure and Flow on Room Temperature Power Excursions in Spert III. Report IDO-16918, Phillips Petroleum Co., Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho, for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, June 1964. OSTI 4042264. https://doi.org/10.2172/4042264

Their data.

• Measurements: Toole, C. R., The Effects of Pressure and Flow on Room Temperature Power Excursions in Spert III, 1964. https://doi.org/10.2172/4042264 Licence as the source states it: No licence is stated. The report carries the Commission's legal notice ("This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work...") and "PRICE $1.00 ...

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One step transient of IDO-16918's appendix 'Transient Data Summary', named by its record number, in the order the appendix prints them: the card's run of that transient to its own end, with the two or three cut runs the reading of its maxima needs, under one dataset seal.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any constant was fitted and before any model was run on any row ([the protocol file], SHA-256 8e2e56cf3e93099f19c6a17537acb76708dc99da682915ea602d84005cbae72f, with amendment 1). On the held-back rows, for each of peak power, energy to peak and "

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared once with the 39 held-back transients on 2026-10-11, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed on all three lines. Peak power: 33.3 percent (38 rows), against Fuchs-Nordheim 176 percent, the nearest fitted row 16.7 percent and the straight line 70.4 percent. Energy to peak: 56.7 percent, against 204, 17.2 and 61.6. Maximum plate surface temperature rise: 71.0 percent (36 rows), against 181, 18.1 and 36.8. The card beats Fuchs-Nordheim and the straight line on power and energy and loses to the nearest fitted row on every line. On the held-back 1000 psig series: peak power 13.5 percent, energy 11.7 percent, temperature rise 67.9 percent, low."

The rows, as the address answered them. 39 rows; 39 answered through to the end of the request.

insight-capsule

NASA's InSight capsule. NASA's InSight entry capsule on its entry at Mars on 26 November 2018, from the first sample of the public flight record, 126.5 km up, to parachute deployment 209.3 s later.

Measured by. Özgür Karatekin and Bart Van Hove, Royal Observatory of Belgium, who made the trajectory and atmospheric reconstruction from the flight's inertial record (PDS bundle insight_edl; the bundle's citation lists Karatekin, O., Banfield, D., Ashley, J.). The accelerations and rates were recorded by InSight's inertial measurement unit and supplied by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived by the NASA Planetary Data System, Atmospheres Node. The card's air: the Mars Climate Sounder team (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, JPL), PDS volume MROM_2147, and the lander's barometer through Karlgaard and coauthors (NASA Langley). The card's drag: Edquist, Desai and Schoenenberger (NASA Langley), the 2008 Phoenix aerodynamic database. NASA's forecast spread, the first pass lines: Maddock and coauthors (NASA Langley).

Cite their work. Karatekin, O., Banfield, D., Ashley, J. (2020). InSight EDL Bundle. NASA Planetary Data System. https://doi.org/10.17189/1518935 (the citation the bundle label gives; the reconstruction document names Özgür Karatekin and Bart Van Hove, Royal Observatory of Belgium, as its authors).

Their data.

• Measurements: Karatekin, Özgür; Van Hove, Bart (reconstruction.txt); bundle citation: Karatekin, O.; Banfield, D.; Ashley, J., InSight EDL Bundle: InSight trajectory and atmospheric reconstruction based on IMU flight data, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17189/1518935 Licence as the source states it: not stated (the two document labels carry <copyright>PDS</copyright> and no licence text)
• Measurements: Karlgaard, Christopher D.; and coauthors, Mars InSight Entry, Descent, and Landing Trajectory and Atmosphere Reconstruction, 2020. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200003204 Licence as the source states it: not stated as a licence; NTRS serves it as distribution PUBLIC with copyright determination PUBLIC_USE_PERMITTED or GOV_PUBLIC_USE_PERMITTED

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One run of the card from the locked entry state at its largest step, 0.1 s, every step recorded: R0 with no lift, R1 with the flight's lift over drag, -0.031.

What the model did: met in one part, missed in another. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Two sets, both fixed before the card was compared with any flight row (protocol SHA-256 ddafbbe8299da589e95a674bb31150f869d0f85d21415036bdbedfc4d7fa0a54, Amendment 2 SHA-256 9bb5b953e4ae325eb954fb3979b3942a08dc19bd5ff80ae2f6bbeda37b137146). The first lines are NASA's own printed spread for its own forecast: peak deceleration within 0.5 g, each time within 6.946 percent of elapsed time (7.68 s on the peak, 10.42 s at 150 s, 15.1 s at the parachute), radius at the parachute within 3.5 km, Mach number there within 0.2."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the held-back rows on 2026-10-09: two runs, each against both sets of marks. With the lift measured on the opened rows, a lift over drag of -0.031: all four first lines met and all six stated-spread marks met. The flight's speed at parachute deployment was reached 1.31 s late and its radius 0.58 s early, against lines of 15.1 s; at the flight's deployment time the radius was 114 m low against a line of 3.5 km, and the Mach number 1.501 against 1.522. Over the 58 whole seconds held back the speed differed by 7.2 m/s root mean square, the radius by 245 m and the deceleration by 0.031 g."

The rows, as the address answered them. 2 rows; 2 ran to an end the model itself declares, and are under proof to that step (PastComparedFlight 2).

ryugu-crater

A crater blasted into an asteroid. The crater made on asteroid 162173 Ryugu on 5 April 2019 by the Small Carry-on Impactor of JAXA's Hayabusa2: a 2 kg copper projectile at 2 km/s into a rubble surface.

Measured by. M. Arakawa, T. Saiki, K. Wada and the Hayabusa2 team (JAXA, Kobe University and others), who made the impact and measured the crater (Arakawa et al. 2020). R. M. Schmidt (Boeing Aerospace), whose centrifuge and Ames Vertical Gun craters in Ottawa Flintshot sand give the law (1980). D. E. Gault and J. A. Wedekind (NASA Ames), craters at reduced gravity, the clock (1977). S. Watanabe and the Hayabusa2 team, Ryugu's mass and shape (2019), through the JPL Small-Body Database.

Cite their work. Arakawa, M., Saiki, T., Wada, K., et al. (2020). An artificial impact on the asteroid 162173 Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime. Science 368, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz1701. Schmidt, R. M. (1980). Meteor Crater: Energy of formation - implications of centrifuge scaling. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 11th, 2099-2128.

Their data.

• Measurements: Arakawa, M.; Saiki, T.; Wada, K.; and the Hayabusa2 team, An artificial impact on the asteroid 162173 Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz1701 Licence as the source states it: Copyright JAXA (the summary slides); the paper itself is behind a login and was not read
• Measurements: Schmidt, R. M., Meteor Crater: Energy of formation - implications of centrifuge scaling, 1980. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980LPSC...11.2099S Licence as the source states it: not stated; each page is marked '(c) Lunar and Planetary Institute, Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System'
• Measurements: Gault, D. E.; Wedekind, J. A., Experimental hypervelocity impact into quartz sand - II, Effects of gravitational acceleration, 1977. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977iecp.symp.1231G Licence as the source states it: not stated; same marking as Schmidt (1980)

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One run of the card from its published start to its stop: the one crater on Ryugu.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any centrifuge crater was fitted or predicted and before the report of the Ryugu crater was opened (protocol SHA-256 ee2793f1ce97b42ed07210121d4fb7cc2f3599db1db1a46a9530efd3cb9da9b3). In the laboratory: fitted on the nine craters made at 1 g, the law must put each of the four centrifuge craters, 2.5 to 4.5 decades away in scaled gravity, inside its 95 percent prediction interval, with a mean error of at most 10 percent. On Ryugu: the radius at which the card stops must be within an allowance worked out by rule from the fit's 95 percent prediction interval at Ryugu, the measurement's stated uncertainty and the uncertainty of the local gravity."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison with Ryugu failed. In the laboratory both lines were met: fitted on the nine craters made at 1 g, the law put each of the four centrifuge craters inside its 95 percent prediction interval, 6.9 to 9.5 percent low, 7.9 percent on average against a mark of 10. Those intervals are +/- 31 to 38 percent, so the first laboratory line could not have failed. The second, 7.87 percent, was foreseeable from Schmidt's published line, which was fitted through the centrifuge craters and was known beforehand, and it is fragile: with any one of four of the nine opened shots left out it is 10.4 to 11.8 percent, a miss. The four errors are all of one sign, a real bias of the nine-shot line."

The rows, as the address answered them. 1 row; 1 answered through to the end of the request.

pica-heat-shield

A slab of charring heat-shield material. Blocks of PICA, the heat-shield material of the Stardust capsule, tested in NASA's arc jets at Ames and Johnson: how far the heated face wore away and how hot it got, in the 31 tests held back from the model.

Measured by. F. S. Milos and Y.-K. Chen, NASA Ames Research Center, who tabulated the conditions, wear and face temperature of 69 arc-jet models tested in the Ames Aerodynamic Heating Facility and Interaction Heating Facility and the Johnson TP2 facility (AIAA 2009-0262). The one fitted number of the model was fitted to thermocouple data of H. K. Tran and coauthors, NASA Ames (NASA TM-110440, 1997). Open conductivity numbers: Monk and coauthors (AIAA 2022).

Cite their work. Milos, F. S., and Chen, Y.-K., "Ablation and Thermal Response Property Model Validation for Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator", AIAA Paper 2009-0262, 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 2009. NASA Technical Reports Server 20110012891. (The authors state no preferred form of citation.)

Their data.

• Measurements: Milos, F. S.; Chen, Y.-K., Ablation and Thermal Response Property Model Validation for Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator, 2009. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110012891 Licence as the source states it: GOV_PUBLIC_USE_PERMITTED (the NTRS record's copyright determination); distribution PUBLIC; belongsToUsGov false
• Measurements: Tran, H. K.; and coauthors (NASA Ames), Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablators (PICA) as Thermal Protection Systems for Discovery Missions, 1997. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970017002 Licence as the source states it: not stated (the Internet Archive mirror it was fetched from carries no licence field)

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back arc-jet test, named by its model ID in Milos and Chen's Table 4, in table order: one solve of the slab at that test's condition for its exposure time.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "For the 31 held-back arc-jet tests the lines were fixed on 2026-10-07, before any model was run. Wear: within sqrt(0.5² + (0.16 × measured)²) mm on at least 25 of the 31, with a mean error within 8 percent. Hottest face temperature: within 7 percent on at least 23 of the 28 that have one, with a mean error within 3.5 percent. The model passes only if both do. No line was fixed beforehand for the workshop cases or for Stardust, where each version of the model was frozen before its run."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "TACOT against codes: test case 1 within 0.63 percent root mean square of FIAT; cases 2.1 and 2.2 with the face within 1.4 K of Amaryllis and wear of 11.906 against 11.918 mm; case 2.3 as close only with the surface table of its day. PICA version 5 against measurement. Thermocouple blocks: 31.3 K root mean square. Arc-jet tests: wear within 20 percent on 35 of 36, 4.9 percent low on average; face temperature within 7 percent on 30 of 34, 3.8 percent high on average. The 31 held-back arc-jet tests, against the lines fixed beforehand. Wear: inside the line on 28 of 31 where 25 were needed, with a mean error of −2.6 percent against 8 allowed: passes. Hottest face temperature: within 7 percent on 24 of 28 where 23 were needed, but 4.1 percent hot on average against 3.5 allowed: misses on the average, as it did on the 36 development tests (3.8)."

The rows, as the address answered them. 31 rows; 30 answered through to the end of the request; 1 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

solar-system

The Solar System, carried forward. The Solar System: the Sun, the eight planets, the Moon and the asteroids Ceres, Pallas and Vesta, carried forward from one state, that of 1999-01-01 00:00 TDB, and compared with radio ranges to spacecraft at Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn.

Measured by. The stations of NASA's Deep Space Network made the range measurements to Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MESSENGER, Juno and Cassini. JPL's Solar System Dynamics group (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology) reduced and published them as the data its planetary ephemerides are fitted to; the page says "These data are currently maintained by Ryan Park; JPL/Caltech", and that the group's ephemeris work is supported by NASA's Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System, funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Papers the files ask to be referenced: A. S. Konopliv et al. (Mars orbiters); R. S. Park et al. (MESSENGER); A. Hees, W. M. Folkner, R. A. Jacobson and R. S. Park (Cassini). The start state and the constants are JPL's: DE441 through Horizons (R. S. Park, W. M. Folkner, J. G. Williams, D. H. Boggs; J. D. Giorgini and the Solar System Dynamics group).

Cite their work. Range data: JPL Solar System Dynamics group, Planetary Observational Data, https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/obs_data.html (retrieved 2026-10-09). As the files ask: A. S. Konopliv et al., Icarus 211, 401-428 (2011) for Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; R. S. Park et al., Astronomical Journal 153, 121 (2017) for MESSENGER; A. Hees, W. M. Folkner, R. A. Jacobson and R. S. Park, Physical Review D 89, 102002 (2014) for Cassini. Start state and constants: R. S. Park, W. M. Folkner, J. G. Williams and D. H. Boggs, Astronomical Journal 161, 105 (2021) (DE440 and DE441); J. D. Giorgini and the JPL Solar System Dynamics Group, NASA/JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System, https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/.

Their data.

• Measurements: JPL Solar System Dynamics group (maintained by Ryan S. Park, JPL/Caltech), Planetary observational data: spacecraft range files odyrange2002-2013.txt, mrorange2006-2013.txt, messenger.txt, juno_range.txt, cassini_range_avg.txt, 2019. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/obs_data.html Licence as the source states it: Not stated. "No licence text is printed on the data page or in the files." The files say: "Users of these reduced data are requested to reference the paper" (Konopliv et ...
• Measurements: Konopliv, A. S., et al., Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters, 2011. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/obs_data.html Licence as the source states it: not read
• Measurements: Park, R. S., et al., Precession of Mercury's perihelion from ranging to the MESSENGER spacecraft, 2017. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/obs_data.html Licence as the source states it: not read
• Measurements: Hees, A.; Folkner, W. M.; Jacobson, R. A.; Park, R. S., Constraints on modified Newtonian dynamics theories from radio tracking data of the Cassini spacecraft, 2014. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/obs_data.html Licence as the source states it: not read

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back range file of JPL, named by its file name: one run of the card from the 1999 state in steps of 1800 s to the end of the day after the file's last range, a state recorded each day (record_every 48), with a readout of the barycentric positions of the Earth and of the file's planet.

What the model did: met in one part, missed in another. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any held-back measurement was read (protocol SHA-256 2d79e65df9fb8ad036444896e776e98d18cb98fc7b582f861747f27d79fd9679). For every measurement of a held-back file, measured minus computed as a one-way distance at most B x max(1, T / 7.75 years)^2, T counted from the start: B is 0.70 km for Mars, 1.0 km for Mercury, 1.5 km for Jupiter and 0.5 km for Saturn. One run from the 1999 state in steps of 1800 s."

The rows, as the address answered them. 5 rows; 4 answered through to the end of the request; 1 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (DistanceOutsideComparedRun 1).

panasonic-18650pf

One Panasonic lithium-ion cell. One new Panasonic NCR18650PF lithium-ion cell at 25 degrees Celsius, discharged from full charge at a held current of 1C (2.9 A).

Measured by. Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer, who performed the tests at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (the dataset's description). The Mendeley Data record lists two institutions, University of Wisconsin Madison and McMaster University, one contributor, Phillip Kollmeyer, and no funder.

Cite their work. Kollmeyer, Phillip (2018), "Panasonic 18650PF Li-ion Battery Data", Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/wykht8y7tg.1

Their data.

• Measurements: Kollmeyer, Phillip, Panasonic 18650PF Li-ion Battery Data, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17632/wykht8y7tg.1 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC BY 4.0. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back discharge.

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any result was seen: terminal voltage within 50 millivolts and delivered capacity within 3 percent."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Eleven of eleven discharges met the line. The voltage error was 27.8 to 30.0 millivolts root mean square (25.7 to 32.4 across the three onset times tried), and the largest single error was 57 millivolts. On the one test that ran to cutoff the delivered capacity differed by +0.04 percent at steps of 0.1 s and by +0.014 percent at the protocol's step of 1 s in the second scoring, with the discharge ended by the card's own cutoff."

The rows, as the address answered them. 12 rows; 10 answered through to the end of the request; 1 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (UndervoltageCutoff 1); 1 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

tesla-2170-m80

One Tesla Model 3 cell, at six temperatures. One Tesla Model 3 2170 lithium-ion cell (cell m80 of the McMaster dataset): its terminal voltage in 60 held-back tests at chamber settings of 40, 25, 10, 0, -10 and -20 degrees Celsius, given the measured current and the temperature measured on its case.

Measured by. Fauzia Khanum and Mina Naguib performed the tests at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, with the support of Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer (the data readme, 'Readme-Description of Data.txt'). The dataset's authors are Phillip J. Kollmeyer, Fauzia Khanum, Mina Naguib and Ali Emadi, all of McMaster University (the Borealis record). No funder or grant is stated in the record or the readme.

Cite their work. Kollmeyer, Phillip J.; Khanum, Fauzia; Naguib, Mina; Emadi, Ali (2023). Tesla Model 3 2170 Li-ion Cell Dataset and Battery SOC Estimation Blind Modeling Tool. Borealis, V3. https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ZVTR4B and, as the dataset's slides ask ('Cite this paper when using data/tool'): P. J. Kollmeyer, M. Naguib, F. Khanum and A. Emadi, "A Blind Modeling Tool for Standardized Evaluation of Battery State of Charge Estimation Algorithms," 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2022, pp. 243-248, doi: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813996

Their data.

• Measurements: Phillip J. Kollmeyer; Fauzia Khanum; Mina Naguib; Ali Emadi (all McMaster University), Tesla Model 3 2170 Li-ion Cell Dataset and Battery SOC Estimation Blind Modeling Tool, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ZVTR4B Licence as the source states it: CC-BY 4.0
• The paper the authors ask to be cited with the data (no measurement is taken from it): P. J. Kollmeyer; M. Naguib; F. Khanum; A. Emadi, A Blind Modeling Tool for Standardized Evaluation of Battery State of Charge Estimation Algorithms, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813996 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC-BY 4.0. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back test file of cell m80, named by its path inside the authors' archive, in the order the authors ran the blocks (40, 25, 10, 0, -10, -20 degC) and by test number inside a block.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any constant was fitted (protocol SHA-256 488fe0af60bbb68be465106ae5fe368b7780f331e8ea5c87e8ac523e6ab984fa, with its Amendment 1). On each held-back discharge at a held current: voltage error at most 42 millivolts root mean square, delivered capacity within 3 percent, and the run ended by the card's own 2.8 V limit. On each held-back drive cycle: voltage error at most 42 millivolts root mean square, the card still running at the last sample, and the error at the last sample at most 126 millivolts. The same marks at all six temperatures, with a verdict for each temperature."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the 60 held-back tests on 2026-10-08, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: 27 of 60 runs met their marks and no temperature met its verdict. The slow discharge, at a third of the rated current, met its marks at 40, 25, 10 and 0 degrees Celsius: voltage error 5.0, 6.4, 15.0 and 29.2 millivolts root mean square. The discharge at the rated current missed at every temperature: 48.2, 44.1, 51.2 and 88.2 millivolts at 40, 25, 10 and 0 degrees Celsius, against a mark of 42. Of the 32 drive cycles from 0 to 40 degrees Celsius, 23 passed and 29 met the voltage mark. At -10 and -20 degrees Celsius no run met its marks: voltage errors of 55.6 to 425 millivolts."

The rows, as the address answered them. 60 rows; 30 answered through to the end of the request; 10 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (LowerVoltageLimit 10); 20 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

tesla-2170-two-cells

Two further cells of the same type. Two further Tesla Model 3 2170 lithium-ion cells of the McMaster dataset that no model had seen (cells m1000 and m448-N): the terminal voltage of each in its held-back runs from -10 to 40 degrees Celsius, given the measured current and case temperature.

Measured by. Fauzia Khanum and Mina Naguib performed the tests at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, with the support of Dr. Phillip Kollmeyer (the data readme, 'Readme-Description of Data.txt'). The dataset's authors are Phillip J. Kollmeyer, Fauzia Khanum, Mina Naguib and Ali Emadi, all of McMaster University (the Borealis record). No funder or grant is stated in the record or the readme. In the authors' naming, m1000 is cell 4 (payload 1000 kg, HVAC on, channel 4) and m448-N is cell 3 (payload 448 kg, HVAC off, channel 3).

Cite their work. Kollmeyer, Phillip J.; Khanum, Fauzia; Naguib, Mina; Emadi, Ali (2023). Tesla Model 3 2170 Li-ion Cell Dataset and Battery SOC Estimation Blind Modeling Tool. Borealis, V3. https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ZVTR4B and, as the dataset's slides ask ('Cite this paper when using data/tool'): P. J. Kollmeyer, M. Naguib, F. Khanum and A. Emadi, "A Blind Modeling Tool for Standardized Evaluation of Battery State of Charge Estimation Algorithms," 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2022, pp. 243-248, doi: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813996

Their data.

• Measurements: Phillip J. Kollmeyer; Fauzia Khanum; Mina Naguib; Ali Emadi (all McMaster University), Tesla Model 3 2170 Li-ion Cell Dataset and Battery SOC Estimation Blind Modeling Tool, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ZVTR4B Licence as the source states it: CC-BY 4.0
• The paper the authors ask to be cited with the data (no measurement is taken from it): P. J. Kollmeyer; M. Naguib; F. Khanum; A. Emadi, A Blind Modeling Tool for Standardized Evaluation of Battery State of Charge Estimation Algorithms, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813996 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC-BY 4.0. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back run file of cell m1000 (rows 0 to 44) or cell m448-N (rows 45 to 104), named by its path inside the authors' archive, by block (40, 25, 10, 0, -10 degC), then by test number.

What the model did: met in one part, missed in another. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "The same marks as for the cell_2170_m80 card, unchanged since its protocol. On a discharge at a held current: voltage error at most 42 millivolts root mean square and delivered capacity within 3 percent. On a drive cycle: voltage error at most 42 millivolts root mean square, the card still running at the last sample, and the error at the last sample at most 126 millivolts."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Run once, on 2026-10-09, on runs of two further cells of the same type that no model had seen, from -10 to 40 degrees Celsius. One resistance number was fitted to each cell from its characterisation tests and nothing else was changed. Third cell, m448-N: 51 of 60 runs were inside the marks, within the 48 to 54 expected, and all five conditions written beforehand were met. Second cell, m1000: 31 of 45 runs were inside the marks, below the 36 to 41 expected, and three of the five conditions were not met. No ordinary drive cycle missed the voltage mark on either cell: of 80, the card ran 78, and 72 were inside the marks."

The rows, as the address answered them. 105 rows; 75 answered through to the end of the request; 22 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (UndervoltageLimit 17, SustainedCurrentOutsideCard 4, OvervoltageLimit 1); 8 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

darmstadt-accumulator

A hydraulic accumulator on a test rig. One hydraulic diaphragm accumulator, HYDAC SBO450-0.6 with no foam insert, charged with nitrogen, on the accumulator test rig of the Chair of Fluid Systems at Technische Universität Darmstadt: the swing of its gas pressure as a piston pushes oil in and out in a sine of 2 mm or 5 mm at 0.01 to 20 Hz.

Measured by. Manuel Rexer and Oscar Lefemmine, who made the measurements in March 2024 and published them (four records by Rexer, three by Lefemmine; Rexer is named as project manager on Lefemmine's records), at the Chair of Fluid Systems (Institut für Fluidsystemtechnik, FST), Technische Universität Darmstadt, under Peter F. Pelz. No funder is stated on disk.

Cite their work. Rexer, Manuel (2024). accumulator 600ml empty p0 20bar p1 40bar (0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265391. Rexer, Manuel (2024). accumulator 600ml empty p0 20bar p1 60bar (0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265436. Rexer, Manuel (2024). accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 80bar (0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265491. Lefemmine, Oscar (2024). accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 80bar (0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265583. Lefemmine, Oscar (2024). accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 120bar (0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265625.

Their data.

• Measurements: Rexer, Manuel, accumulator 600ml empty p0 20bar p1 40bar, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265391 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0
• Measurements: Rexer, Manuel, accumulator 600ml empty p0 20bar p1 60bar, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265436 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0
• Measurements: Rexer, Manuel, accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 80bar, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265491 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0
• Measurements: Lefemmine, Oscar, accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 80bar, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265583 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0
• Measurements: Lefemmine, Oscar, accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 120bar, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265625 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0
• Measurements: Rexer, Manuel (10.5281/zenodo.11265458, 2024); Lefemmine, Oscar (10.5281/zenodo.15478932, 2025), accumulator 600ml empty p0 40bar p1 60bar (the two opened records the card's constants were fitted to; not in the rows), 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265458 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC BY 4.0. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back file (one run: one condition, one amplitude, one frequency), named by the authors' file name.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any held-back file was downloaded (protocol SHA-256 721d88a5264b0e15342824290e6305db1df27fab76011333b49d5ed253b38323). For each held-back run the card is driven by a sine of the measured amplitude from the cyclic steady state at the measured mean pressure, and two numbers are compared: the stiffness, which is the swing of the gas pressure per unit of piston travel, and the lead of the pressure over the piston. Stiffness error: median at most 2.0 percent over the 285 runs and in each of the five records, and at most 5.0 percent in any run. Lead error: median at most 0.5 degrees, and at most 3.0 degrees in any run."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the 285 held-back runs on 2026-10-09, run once through the engine, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: two of six lines were met."

The rows, as the address answered them. 285 rows; 196 answered through to the end of the request; 32 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (HeatShareAboveCard 32); 57 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

fingertip-on-glass

A human fingertip slipping on glass. The right index finger pad of one volunteer (participant P02), held still while a robot presses a glass plate on it and twists the plate through 80 degrees: the torque of the pad on the plate and the twist at which the whole contact slips.

Measured by. Sophie du Bois de Dunilac, David Córdova Bulens and Stephen J. Redmond, University College Dublin; Philippe Lefèvre and Benoit P. Delhaye, Université catholique de Louvain. Seven volunteers of 23 to 35 years gave their right index fingers. Funding as the article states it: Science Foundation Ireland Future Research Leaders Award 17/FRL/4832, a European Space Agency Prodex grant through BELSPO, and FRS-FNRS support of B.P.D.

Cite their work. du Bois de Dunilac, S., Córdova Bulens, D., Lefèvre, P., Redmond, S. J. and Delhaye, B. P. (2023). Biomechanics of the Finger Pad in Response to Torsion [data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7646119 . And the article: du Bois de Dunilac, S., Córdova Bulens, D., Lefèvre, P., Redmond, S. J. and Delhaye, B. P. (2023). Biomechanics of the finger pad in response to torsion. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 20(201), 20220809. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0809 . The record asks for no particular wording; its readme refers the reader to the paper for methods.

Their data.

• Measurements: du Bois de Dunilac, Sophie; Córdova Bulens, David; Lefèvre, Philippe; Redmond, Stephen J.; Delhaye, Benoit P., Biomechanics of the Finger Pad in Response to Torsion, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7646119 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Measurements: du Bois de Dunilac, Sophie; Córdova Bulens, David; Lefèvre, Philippe; Redmond, Stephen J.; Delhaye, Benoit P., Biomechanics of the finger pad in response to torsion, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0809 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back trial of participant P02, named by its file (protocolrot_sdb_P02_.csv), in trial-number order: trials 11 to 20 (1 N), 31 to 40 (10 N) and 51, 55, 56, 62, 76, 77, 79, 86, 95, 103 (2 N at 100 degrees a second).

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any held-back trial was opened (pre-registration SHA-256 49a4788d1eb6e5d5881d4f3b2195ad248a2a543c2da45fb1c8ffb7dc27672081), twelve lines, four at each of P02's three held-back conditions, each set at the scatter of one trial about its own condition's mean on the fitted conditions: slip torque (the mean over the 0.5 s before 75 degrees) within 5.62 percent of the measured mean; torque curve from 1 to 75 degrees within 8.32 percent of the slip torque, root mean square; twist at full slip (stuck fraction under 0.03) within 5.75 degrees; stuck-fraction curve within 0.0595, root mean square."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the 30 held-back trials of this finger on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: of the twelve lines three were met and nine missed, and the slip torque was missed at all three held-back conditions. Slip torque, card against the mean of ten trials: 6.03 against 5.51 N mm at 1 N (+9.4 percent), 35.63 against 27.55 at 10 N (+29.3 percent), 10.15 against 11.66 at 2 N and 100 degrees a second (-13.0 percent); the mark was 5.62 percent. Torque curve from 1 to 75 degrees, as a fraction of the slip torque: 0.073 (met), 0.263 and 0.115 against 0.0832. Twist at full slip: 40 against 29.0 degrees, 40 against 40.4 (met) and 39 against 48.1, with a mark of 5.75 degrees. Stuck-fraction curve: 0.036 (met), 0.081 and 0.135 against 0.0595."

The rows, as the address answered them. 30 rows; 30 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

sheffield-journal-bearing

A bearing flooded with oil. The plain journal bearing of the test platform of the Leonardo Centre for Tribology, University of Sheffield, flooded with mineral oil at 65 degrees Celsius under a steady load and speed: the thinnest point of its oil film.

Measured by. Scott Beamish, Xiangwei Li, Henry Brunskill, Andrew Hunter and Rob Dwyer-Joyce, Leonardo Centre for Tribology, University of Sheffield, who built the platform, measured the film by ultrasound and published the fifty runs.

Cite their work. Beamish, S., Li, X., Brunskill, H., Hunter, A. and Dwyer-Joyce, R. (2020). Circumferential Film Thickness Measurement Data from a Bespoke Journal Bearing Test Platform (version 2). Mendeley Data. https://doi.org/10.17632/txdrvd382p.2 . The record asks readers to consult the article for detail: Beamish, S., Li, X., Brunskill, H., Hunter, A. and Dwyer-Joyce, R. (2020). Circumferential film thickness measurement in journal bearings via the ultrasonic technique. Tribology International 148, 106295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106295

Their data.

• Measurements: Beamish, Scott; Li, Xiangwei; Brunskill, Henry; Hunter, Andrew; Dwyer-Joyce, Rob, Circumferential Film Thickness Measurement Data from a Bespoke Journal Bearing Test Platform, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17632/txdrvd382p.2 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International)
• Measurements: Beamish, S.; Li, X.; Brunskill, H.; Hunter, A.; Dwyer-Joyce, R., Circumferential film thickness measurement in journal bearings via the ultrasonic technique, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106295 Licence as the source states it: not stated as open for the published version (© 2020 Elsevier Ltd); the authors' accepted manuscript at White Rose Research Online is under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back steady run, named by the authors' own file name for it (Test_Conditions.File_Names, for example 190128-20PA-0100-06-65-1), in the file's order: runs 3, 6, 9, ...

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "On the residual (solver - measured) / measured over the held-back runs: mean of the absolute residual at most 0.15, worst absolute residual at most 0.35, absolute value of the mean at most 0.10. Fixed 2026-10-09T20:11:00Z, SHA-256 5319a2f190dece027bd0f19cb339b9d950827a2e7dcde7241b251380a21de01a of analysis/prereg.json, before any measured film thickness was read."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "All three lines met on the sixteen held-back runs: mean absolute 0.0580, worst absolute 0.1563, mean 0.0199, computed by this solver through the gateway on 2026-10-09, once, each answer saved with its seal and its receipt. With no fitted constant the solver misses: on the sixteen held-back runs mean absolute 0.1409, worst absolute 0.2574, mean 0.1409, the film thicker than measured on all sixteen (by the second scoring, outside the engine); on the thirty-four opened runs mean absolute 0.1293, worst absolute 0.4761, mean 0.1277, not met. On the opened runs with the fitted multiplier, leaving one out, in plain Python outside the engine: mean absolute 0.0636, worst absolute 0.3339, mean 0.0085, met; through the engine: mean absolute 0.0617, worst absolute 0.3235, mean 0.0085, met, and the fitted multiplier came from these runs."

The rows, as the address answered them. 16 rows; 16 answered through to the end of the request.

cmsx6-creep

A nickel superalloy creeping at 980 degrees Celsius. Round test pieces of one cast of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy CMSX-6, pulled in tension creep at 980 degrees Celsius under a held load at BAM, Berlin: the time each takes to stretch by 0.1 to 5 percent.

Measured by. Luis A. Ávila Calderón, Sina Schriever, Ying Han, Jürgen (Juergen) Olbricht and Birgit Skrotzki, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), division 5.2, Berlin; Pedro Dolabella Portella, Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials. Tests of series Vh5205 to DIN EN ISO 204:2019-4 in a laboratory accredited to ISO 17025; the data were audited and are BAM reference data. As the record states: carried out in the context of NFDI-MatWerk and partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the National Research Data Infrastructure, NFDI 38/1, project number 460247524; the purchase of the material was funded by a DFG research project (reference Po 405/2-1). The bars were cast by PCC Airfoils.

Cite their work. Ávila Calderón, Luis A.; Schriever, Sina; Han, Ying; Olbricht, Juergen; Dolabella Portella, Pedro; Skrotzki, Birgit (2026). BAM Reference Data: Creep of Single-Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy CMSX-6 (2.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20132712 . The record asks: 'Please consider citing these works [1,2] if you use the data for a scientific publication': [1] L.A. Ávila Calderón, Y. Shakeel, A. Gedsun, M. Forti, S. Hunke, Y. Han, T. Hammerschmidt, R. Aversa, J. Olbricht, M. Chmielowski, R. Stotzka, E. Bitzek, T. Hickel, B. Skrotzki, Management of reference data in materials science and engineering exemplified for creep data of a single-crystalline Ni-based superalloy, Acta Materialia 286 (2025) 120735, doi 10.1016/j.actamat.2025.120735; [2] L. Ávila Calderón, S. Schriever, Y. Han, J. Olbricht, P.D. Portella, B. Skrotzki, Creep reference data of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy CMSX-6, Data in Brief 65 (2026) 112436, doi 10.1016/j.dib.2025.112436.

Their data.

• Measurements: Ávila Calderón, Luis A.; Schriever, Sina; Han, Ying; Olbricht, Juergen; Dolabella Portella, Pedro; Skrotzki, Birgit, BAM Reference Data: Creep of Single-Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy CMSX-6, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20132712 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Measurements: Ávila Calderón, Luis; Schriever, Sina; Han, Ying; Olbricht, Jürgen; Portella, Pedro Dolabella; Skrotzki, Birgit, Creep reference data of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy CMSX-6, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2025.112436 Licence as the source states it: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (Crossref licence record, version of record)

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (Crossref licence record, version of record). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back creep test piece, named as the authors' files name it (Vh5205_C-), in test-piece order: C-78 (230 MPa), C-81 (170), C-82 (200), C-85 (140), C-97 (200), C-99 (200).

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any curve was fitted (pre-registration SHA-256 f20f99b0e3419d66201a3e124b5c216c4d138d41f976b19d6a536daf15316d87, with two numbered amendments made before the held-back tests were read, and a third, a correction of the forecast, made after they were scored): over the six held-back tests, the natural logarithm of the card's time over the measured time to reach 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 percent creep extension, root mean square at most 0.15, worst at most 0.30, mean at most 0.10 in size."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the six held-back tests on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison passed. Over the 33 times to a level that the six tests reached, the logarithm of the card's time over the measured time had a root mean square of 0.093 against a line of 0.15, a worst of 0.240 against 0.30 and a mean of +0.019 against 0.10. On the three tests at 200 MPa, the stress no fitted test has: 0.085, 0.170 and +0.028 over 18 times. On the three new test pieces at fitted stresses: 0.102, 0.240 and +0.008 over 15 times. The worst single time was 0.5 percent at 170 MPa, where the card is 27 percent late. In hours at 200 MPa the card gives 2.96, 10.6, 48.9, 81.1, 113.4 and 156.1 to the six levels, and the three test pieces 3.1 to 3.2, 11.2 to 12.2, 41.3 to 43.9, 74.6 to 79.3, 106.3 to 114.0 and 138.1 to 151.8."

The rows, as the address answered them. 6 rows; 6 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (CreepExtensionBeyondCard 6).

eth-cantilever

An aluminium strip, clamped at one end and ringing. One aluminium strip, 326 mm long, 40 mm wide and 1 mm thick, clamped at one end and left to ring down in room air: its first bending mode as a laser read the deflection 268 mm from the clamp.

Measured by. Zhilu Lai, Ignacio Alzugaray, Margarita Chli and Eleni Chatzi, who made the recordings at ETH Zürich for their article in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (2020). The Zenodo record gives their present affiliations: HKUST(GZ)/HKUST (Lai), Imperial College London (Alzugaray), University of Cyprus (Chli) and ETH Zurich (Chatzi).

Cite their work. Lai, Zhilu; Alzugaray, Ignacio; Chli, Margarita; Chatzi, Eleni (2026). Data and code for "Full-field structural monitoring using event cameras and physics-informed sparse identification". Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22723484 . The record asks: 'If you use these data or codes, please cite both this Zenodo record and the associated article: Lai, Z., Alzugaray, I., Chli, M., & Chatzi, E. (2020). Full-field structural monitoring using event cameras and physics-informed sparse identification. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 145, 106905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106905'

Their data.

• Measurements: Lai, Zhilu; Alzugaray, Ignacio; Chli, Margarita; Chatzi, Eleni, Data and code for "Full-field structural monitoring using event cameras and physics-informed sparse identification", 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22723484 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One row: the held-back ring-down, named by its file, test1b, read from 12 s to 24 s after its start.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any scoring (pre-registration SHA-256 d081cc5ae51b5de4a028cd17b4e1ae80b402f71fdc786f82876713f3b925d4a6), on the blocks between 12 s and 24 s of the held-back ring-down: amplitude error at most 5.0 percent, frequency error at most 0.010 Hz, timing error at most 0.20 of a period by 24 s, and the amplitude error and the frequency error each at most one third of a plain damped oscillator's."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the held-back half on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: three of the four lines were met and the amplitude line was missed. On the eleven blocks of eight periods between 12 s and 24 s the amplitude error was 7.03 percent against a line of 5.0. The frequency error was 0.0031 Hz against 0.010 and the timing error 0.021 of a period against 0.20, and both the amplitude error and the frequency error were under one third of a plain damped oscillator's, which missed by 40.8 percent and 0.048 Hz. The card's swing is too large in every block and the gap widens, from 3.6 percent at 13 s to 11.7 percent at 23 s: it dies away too slowly once the swing is small."

The rows, as the address answered them. 1 row; 1 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (DeflectionBelowCard 1).

bam-s355-steel

Four bars of structural steel, rung. Two small bars, ERY1 and ERY2, about 100 mm x 9 mm x 3 mm, cut across the rolling direction from one hot-rolled sheet of structural steel S355J2+N and rung at 24 degrees Celsius at BAM, Berlin: Young's modulus and shear modulus worked back from each bar's resonant frequencies, and the edgewise resonance they predict.

Measured by. Markus Schilling, Steffen Glaubitz, Kathrin Matzak, Birgit Rehmer and Birgit Skrotzki, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin; order 5.22/430, sonic resonance tests to ASTM E1875 and tensile tests to ISO 6892-1. As the record states, the data 'were generated in the frame of the digitization project Innovationplatform Material Digital (PMD)'.

Cite their work. Schilling, Markus; Glaubitz, Steffen; Matzak, Kathrin; Rehmer, Birgit; Skrotzki, Birgit (2022). Full dataset of several mechanical tests on an S355 steel sheet as reference data for digital representations (1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778336 . The record asks for no particular wording.

Their data.

• Measurements: Schilling, Markus; Glaubitz, Steffen; Matzak, Kathrin; Rehmer, Birgit; Skrotzki, Birgit, Full dataset of several mechanical tests on an S355 steel sheet as reference data for digital representations, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778336 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One scan of one held-back bar, named by the authors' workbook and its column: 5.22_430_ERY1_ASTM_E1875 whole spectrum, ERY1 single scan, ERY2 whole spectrum, ERY2 single scan.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before the held-back data were opened (analysis/prereg.json, SHA-256 e606a12456dfb449387a8a3c627401ebbc087166264b885b336b466f46dcec2d, and its amendment 2, SHA-256 ea32c1e8b46f5191316dc9b53dc30f2105e1e86a7600d422b4fa8da5744589da). P1: Young's modulus against the elastic slope of the tensile tests in the same direction, within 2 sqrt(0.5² + (s/√n)² + 0.577² + 0.115² + 0.577²) percent. P2: the edgewise frequency, which the recovery never uses, predicted within 0.25 percent on all four scans. P3: the moduli of the four scans within 1.41 percent (E) and 4.24 percent (G) of each other. P5: energy balance and free end within 1e-8."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the held-back bars on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: P1 was missed and every other line was met. P1: 215.68 GPa recovered against 210.25 GPa from the tensile slope, 2.58 percent apart against a line of 2.49. The miss is 0.094 of a percentage point, 0.2 GPa, and it depends on the stress band the tensile slope is taken over: over 100 to 140, 140 to 180 or 100 to 200 MPa the line is met (2.10, 2.26 and 2.24 percent against 2.48, 2.38 and 2.43), and over 60 to 100, 50 to 150, 180 to 220 or 50 to 250 MPa it is missed. By the rule as written P1 across the rolling direction missed; in substance it is neither a miss nor a pass. P2: worst of four 0.114 percent."

The rows, as the address answered them. 4 rows; 4 answered through to the end of the request.

gothenburg-microwave-link

Rain on a microwave link. One commercial 32.445 GHz microwave link across 1.26 km of Gothenburg, Sweden (OpenMRG link 10010, sublink 587) in the rain events of August 2015, with the weighing rain gauge at Barlastplatsen 37 m from its path.

Measured by. Jafet C. M. Andersson, Jonas Olsson, C. Z. (Remco) van de Beek, Jonas Hansryd, Håkan Andersson and Jonas Persson, the creators of the OpenMRG data set. Hi3G Access AB gave access to the link network, Ericsson AB gathered the link data, Göteborgs Stad – Kretslopp och Vatten the city gauges, and SMHI (the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) the radar and its gauge. No funder is stated on disk; the data paper was not opened.

Cite their work. Andersson, J. C. M., Olsson, J., van de Beek, C. Z., Hansryd, J., Andersson, H. and Persson, J. (2022). The OpenMRG data set (version 1.1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7107689. Andersson, J. C. M., Olsson, J., van de Beek, R. (C. Z.), and Hansryd, J. (2022). OpenMRG: Open data from Microwave links, Radar, and Gauges for rainfall quantification in Gothenburg, Sweden. Earth System Science Data, 14, 5411-5426. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5411-2022

Their data.

• Measurements: Andersson, Jafet C. M.; Olsson, Jonas; van de Beek, C. Z.; Hansryd, Jonas; Andersson, Håkan; Persson, Jonas, The OpenMRG data set (version 1.1), 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7107689 Licence as the source states it: CC BY-SA 4.0
• Measurements: Andersson, Jafet C. M.; Olsson, Jonas; van de Beek, Remco (C. Z.); Hansryd, Jonas, OpenMRG: Open data from Microwave links, Radar, and Gauges for rainfall quantification in Gothenburg, Sweden, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5411-2022 Licence as the source states it: CC BY 4.0 (the article)

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC BY-SA 4.0; CC BY 4.0 (the article). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One scored rain event of August 2015: one validate_series request, a run of one 60 s step per gauge minute from the event's dry level with dry antennas, each minute carrying the gauge's rain rate, compared with the measured path loss (sent less received) at every minute that has a link sample.

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before any reading of August was opened (pre-registration SHA-256 f60bfcc70553f95fef5d35963b6550120de3c67e712c057e40c5d37c51784625), on five-minute means of the attenuation above the dry level over every August rain event of at least 1 mm: root mean square error at most 0.90 dB, at most 0.80 of the error of P.838 alone on the same blocks, and the summed attenuation between 0.75 and 1.25 of the measured sum."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the rain events of August 2015 on 2026-10-09, in one run of each event through the engine, and all three lines were met. Root mean square error 0.581 dB, against 0.90. That is 0.585 of the error of P.838 alone, 0.994 dB, against 0.80. The summed attenuation was 1.069 of the measured sum, inside 0.75 to 1.25. No attenuation at all scores 1.621 dB."

The rows, as the address answered them. 9 rows; 9 answered through to the end of the request.

knorr-seawater

Columns of seawater, measured from a ship. The water columns of the WOCE Indian Ocean expedition of the research vessel Knorr, cruise 145: at each station a CTD cast of pressure, temperature and salinity to within about ten metres of the sea floor, the height above bottom, and the ship's 12 kHz echo sounding; here the 634 casts of legs 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13 (March to November 1995).

Measured by. The chief scientists of the five legs, as CCHDO's records name them: Lynne Talley (SIO; leg 7, I08N/I05E), Worth Nowlin (TAMU; leg 8, I03), John Toole (WHOI; leg 9, I04/I05W/I07C), Donald B. Olson (RSMAS; leg 10, I07N) and Nancy Bray (SIO; leg 13, I10); their CTD groups, the Oceanographic Data Facility of Scripps and WHOI CTD Operations among them; and the officers and crew of R/V Knorr (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). World Ocean Circulation Experiment, WOCE Hydrographic Programme; collected with funding of the US National Science Foundation and NOAA. The data are served by the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Cite their work. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Office (2023). CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, Version YYYY-MM-DD. In CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 Lynne Talley (chief scientist, SIO). 2026. CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_7, WHP-Exchange CTD files and WOCE station summary. Accessed from CCHDO https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_7. Access date 2026-10-09. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 Worth Nowlin (chief scientist, TAMU). 2026. CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_8, WHP-Exchange CTD files and WOCE station summary. Accessed from CCHDO https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_8. Access date 2026-10-09. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 John Toole (chief scientist, WHOI). 2026. CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_9, WHP-Exchange CTD files and WOCE station summary. Accessed from CCHDO https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_9. Access date 2026-10-09. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 Donald B. Olson (chief scientist, RSMAS). 2026. CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_10, WHP-Exchange CTD files and WOCE station summary. Accessed from CCHDO https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_10. Access date 2026-10-09. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 Nancy Bray (chief scientist, SIO). 2026. CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_13, WHP-Exchange CTD files and WOCE station summary. Accessed from CCHDO https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_13. Access date 2026-10-09. CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8

Their data.

• Measurements: CCHDO Hydrographic Data Office, CCHDO Hydrographic Data Archive, 2023. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CCHAM8 Licence as the source states it: CC0 1.0 (CCHDO: the database as a whole)
• Measurements: Talley, Lynne, CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_7 (R/V Knorr cruise 145 leg 7, WOCE line I05, I08N/I05E, 1995-03-10 to 1995-04-15), 2026. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_7 Licence as the source states it: not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole
• Measurements: Nowlin, Worth, CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_8 (R/V Knorr cruise 145 leg 8, WOCE line I03, 1995-04-23 to 1995-06-05), 2026. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_8 Licence as the source states it: not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole
• Measurements: Toole, John, CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_9 (R/V Knorr cruise 145 leg 9, WOCE line I04/I05W/I07C, I05, I07, 1995-06-11 to 1995-07-11), 2026. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_9 Licence as the source states it: not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole
• Measurements: Olson, Donald B., CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_10 (R/V Knorr cruise 145 leg 10, WOCE line I07, I07N, 1995-07-15 to 1995-08-24), 2026. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_10 Licence as the source states it: not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole
• Measurements: Bray, Nancy, CTD data and station summary from cruise 316N145_13 (R/V Knorr cruise 145 leg 13, WOCE line I10, 1995-11-11 to 1995-11-28), 2026. https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/316N145_13 Licence as the source states it: not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: CC0 1.0 (CCHDO: the database as a whole); not stated for this cruise; CCHDO states CC0 1.0 for its database as a whole. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One rosette cast of a held-back leg, named by CCHDO's expocode, STNNBR and CASTNO, in the order of the scored run (leg by leg, by the date of the bottom of the cast).

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-09 before any number of a held-back leg was read. The scored number at a station is the solver's echo-sounder depth less the reading. Over all scored stations of the ten held-back legs: the median within 10 m, and at least 0.80 of the stations within 20 m. For each held-back leg with 20 or more scored stations: its median within 15 m. The solver passes when all three hold. Medians, because the sounder's errors are one-sided: it hears the shallowest point inside its beam."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared on 2026-10-09, once, with constants and scoring rule fixed beforehand, and all three lines were met. Five of the ten held-back legs could be scored (legs 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13; 632 stations): the median difference from the echo sounder was +4.59 m against 10 allowed; 0.804 of the stations were within 20 m against 0.80 needed, which is two stations more than the line; and the five legs' own medians were +4.30 to +4.92 m against 15 allowed. The 0.80 line was met by two stations and is thin: the binomial standard error of the fraction is 0.016, and with leg 9, 10 or 13 left out it falls under 0.80 (0.790, 0.789, 0.798). The test is one-sided: all three lines are met only for a constant shift of the solver's depth between -14.55 m and +0.10 m, so the solver sits at the deep edge."

The rows, as the address answered them. 634 rows; 632 answered through to the end of the request; 2 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

argon-gas

Argon gas at low density. Argon gas, 99.999 percent pure, at low density: its measured speed of sound (250 K to 350 K) and its measured viscosity (291 K to 682 K).

Measured by. Speed of sound: Anthony R. H. Goodwin and James A. Hill (two spherical acoustic resonators; J. Chem. Eng. Data 54, 2009). Viscosity: E. Vogel (all-quartz oscillating-disk viscometer; Int. J. Thermophys. 31, 2010). Both tables are read from the ThermoML Archive of the Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology (record authors: Demian Riccardi, Ala Bazyleva, Eugene Paulechka, Vladimir Diky, Joseph W. Magee, Andrei F. Kazakov, Scott A. Townsend, Chris D. Muzny; compiler initials in the files: RJB), which is the source of the data as used here. Goodwin and Hill's affiliation on the paper is the Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.

Cite their work. Goodwin, A. R. H.; Hill, J. A. Thermophysical Properties of Natural Gas Components: Apparatus and Speed of Sound in Argon. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2009, 54, 2758-2771. doi:10.1021/je900428g. Vogel, E. Reference Viscosity of Argon at Low Density in the Temperature Range from 290 K to 680 K. Int. J. Thermophys. 2010, 31, 447-461. doi:10.1007/s10765-010-0760-6. Data as transcribed in: Riccardi, D., Bazyleva, A., Paulechka, E., Diky, V., Magee, Josepha W., Kazakov, A. F., Townsend, S. A., and Muzny, C. D. (2021), ThermoML/Data Archive, Version 1.2.6, National Institute of Standards and Technology, https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2422 (Accessed 2026-10-09) (file ThermoML.v2020-09-30.tgz, retrieved 2026-10-09). The National Institute of Standards and Technology is the source of the data.

Their data.

• Measurements: Riccardi, D.; Bazyleva, A.; Paulechka, E.; Diky, V.; Magee, J. W.; Kazakov, A. F.; Townsend, S. A.; Muzny, C. D. (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Thermodynamics Research Center), ThermoML/Data Archive (ThermoML.v2020-09-30.tgz; members 10.1021/je900428g.xml and 10.1007/s10765-010-0760-6.xml), 2021. https://doi.org/10.18434/mds2-2422 Licence as the source states it: https://www.nist.gov/open/license (NIST's record of the archive; access level public)
• Measurements: Goodwin, A. R. H.; Hill, J. A., Thermophysical Properties of Natural Gas Components: Apparatus and Speed of Sound in Argon, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1021/je900428g Licence as the source states it: not stated on disk (the article was not fetched)
• Measurements: Vogel, E., Reference Viscosity of Argon at Low Density in the Temperature Range from 290 K to 680 K, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-010-0760-6 Licence as the source states it: not stated on disk (the article was not fetched)

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: https://www.nist.gov/open/license (NIST's record of the archive; access level public). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back set as the protocol scores it, sent as one validate_series request over a plan of solves, one solve per measured point in the archive file's order: row 0 the 24 speed-of-sound points against the solver's speed of sound, row 1 the same 24 points against the solver's ideal-gas speed of sound (line S3), row 2 the 49 viscosity points. extract.py gives the prediction at every point.

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-09, before any model was run on any measurement. Held-back speed of sound: root mean square error at most 0.030 m/s; largest error at most 0.060 m/s; root mean square error at most a quarter of the ideal gas's. Viscosity: mean error at most 2.0 percent; largest at most 4.0 percent. The viscosity lines are an allowance for a two-constant potential, about ten times the measurement's uncertainty. They were drawn knowing that textbook constants give about 2 percent, so meeting them is not evidence of agreement with the measurement. Rows of both data sets were seen before the split. The solver passes only if all five are met."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared once, on 2026-10-09, through the gateway. All five lines were met. Held-back speed of sound, 24 points: root mean square error 0.0074 m/s, largest 0.0146 m/s, 0.023 of the ideal gas's 0.327 m/s. Viscosity, 49 points: mean error 1.47 percent, largest 2.97 percent. The solver's viscosity is above the measurement at all 49 points, by 2.95 percent at 291 K falling to 0.28 percent at 682 K: 1.4 to 20 times the measurement's uncertainty, 9 on average, and no point is within it. The lines were an allowance, and the solver's viscosity does not change with temperature as argon's does. The 12-6 form can follow this viscosity with other constants: 143.84 K and 3.3379 angstrom fit all 49 points within 0.11 percent. What fails is one pair of constants for both properties: that pair misses the held-back speed of sound by 0.22 m/s."

The rows, as the address answered them. 3 rows; 3 answered through to the end of the request.

armaly-step

Air flowing over a step. The air channel of Armaly, Durst, Pereira and Schönung (1983): laminar flow over a backward-facing step 4.9 mm high, from a 5.2 mm inlet channel into a 10.1 mm channel, measured by laser-Doppler anemometry in the centre plane; here the velocity profiles at Reynolds number 389.

Measured by. B. F. Armaly, F. Durst, J. C. F. Pereira and B. Schönung (Universität Karlsruhe) made the measurements (J. Fluid Mech. 127, 1983). The circles compared are their measurements as replotted by Erlendur Steinthorsson, Meng-Sing Liou, Louis A. Povinelli and Andrea Arnone in NASA Technical Memorandum 106248 (ICOMP-93-21, July 1993).

Cite their work. Armaly, B. F., Durst, F., Pereira, J. C. F. and Schönung, B., "Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow", J. Fluid Mech. 127 (1983) 473-496, doi:10.1017/S0022112083002839. Circles as replotted in: Steinthorsson, E., Liou, M.-S., Povinelli, L. A. and Arnone, A., "Numerical simulations of three-dimensional laminar flow over a backward facing step; flow near side walls", NASA Technical Memorandum 106248, ICOMP-93-21, July 1993, NTRS 19930021958, Figure 4.

Their data.

• Measurements: Steinthorsson, Erlendur; Liou, Meng-Sing; Povinelli, Louis A.; Arnone, Andrea, Numerical simulations of three-dimensional laminar flow over a backward facing step; flow near side walls (Figure 4: the measured profiles of Armaly et al. at Re = 389, replotted as circles), 1993. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930021958 Licence as the source states it: Work of the US Gov. Public Use Permitted. (NTRS record: distribution Public)
• Measurements: Armaly, B. F.; Durst, F.; Pereira, J. C. F.; Schönung, B., Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112083002839 Licence as the source states it: © 1983 Cambridge University Press (no open licence; not open access)

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One station of Figure 4: the velocity profile u/Umax against y/H at one x/S, one solve.

What the model did: met its marks. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-09 before any circle of Figure 4 was read as a number (protocol SHA-256 dd3abc9bbc833852f0a53c3201994edaf23a2bd45edccf3ae3016136c3afce1a). On every circle of Figure 4 at a station downstream of the step: root mean square difference of u/Umax at most 0.05; at no single station more than 0.08; and at most half that of this solver run at Reynolds number 100 on the same circles. Baselines scored beside it: the developed parabola, the solver at Reynolds number 100, and the solver at 259.33, the other reading of the memorandum's Reynolds number."

The rows, as the address answered them. 28 rows; 28 answered through to the end of the request.

princeton-superpipe

Compressed air through a smooth pipe. The Princeton Superpipe: fully developed turbulent air flow in a smooth pipe of 129.36 mm bore, run from atmospheric pressure to about 19 MPa, bulk Reynolds number 7.4e4 to 3.57e7 in the held-back profiles.

Measured by. The group of Professor Alexander J. Smits, Gas Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University. Beverley J. McKeon, J. Li, W. Jiang, Jonathan F. Morrison (Imperial College London) and Alexander J. Smits (0.3 mm Pitot profiles, 2004; McKeon's PhD thesis, Princeton, 2003). Marcus Hultmark, Margit Vallikivi, Sean C. C. Bailey and Alexander J. Smits (NSTAP profiles, 2012 and 2013). Mark V. Zagarola and Alexander J. Smits (0.9 mm Pitot profiles, 1998; Zagarola's PhD thesis, Princeton, 1996).

Cite their work. McKeon, B. J., Li, J., Jiang, W., Morrison, J. F. and Smits, A. J., "Further observations on the mean velocity distribution in fully developed pipe flow", J. Fluid Mech. 501 (2004) 135-147, doi:10.1017/S0022112003007304. Hultmark, M., Vallikivi, M., Bailey, S. C. C. and Smits, A. J., "Turbulent Pipe Flow at Extreme Reynolds Numbers", Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 094501, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.094501, and "Logarithmic scaling of turbulence in smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow", J. Fluid Mech. 728 (2013) 376-395, doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.255. Zagarola, M. V. and Smits, A. J., "Mean-flow scaling of turbulent pipe flow", J. Fluid Mech. 373 (1998) 33-79, doi:10.1017/S0022112098002419. Data files: Princeton Gas Dynamics Lab, https://smits.princeton.edu/superpipe-pitot-data and https://smits.princeton.edu/superpipe-turbulence-data , retrieved 2026-10-11. The pages ask for no particular form of citation.

Their data.

• Measurements: Zagarola, Mark V.; Smits, Alexander J., Mean-flow scaling of turbulent pipe flow, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112098002419 Licence as the source states it: © 1998 Cambridge University Press (no open licence; not open access)
• Measurements: Zagarola, Mark V.; Smits, Alexander J., Zagarola Superpipe Data (26 mean velocity profiles, Pitot probe 0.9 mm), 1998. https://smits.princeton.edu/zagarola/ Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: McKeon, B. J.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Morrison, J. F.; Smits, A. J., Further observations on the mean velocity distribution in fully developed pipe flow, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112003007304 Licence as the source states it: © 2004 Cambridge University Press (no open licence; not open access)
• Measurements: McKeon, B. J.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Morrison, J. F.; Smits, A. J., McKeon Superpipe data (25 mean velocity profiles, Pitot probe 0.3 mm and three larger), 2004. https://smits.princeton.edu/mckeon/ Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Hultmark, M.; Vallikivi, M.; Bailey, S. C. C.; Smits, A. J., Turbulent Pipe Flow at Extreme Reynolds Numbers, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.094501 Licence as the source states it: © 2012 American Physical Society (no open licence; not open access)
• Measurements: Hultmark, M.; Vallikivi, M.; Bailey, S. C. C.; Smits, A. J., Logarithmic scaling of turbulence in smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.255 Licence as the source states it: © 2013 Cambridge University Press (no open licence; not open access)
• Measurements: Hultmark, M.; Vallikivi, M.; Bailey, S. C. C.; Smits, A. J., Superpipe Turbulence Data: smooth pipe data (Superpipe_NSTAP_Smooth_pipe_data_2013.zip), 2013. https://smits.princeton.edu/superpipe-turbulence-data/ Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back profile file: 25 of McKeon et al.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-11 before any held-back file was opened (protocol SHA-256 704700a99d27cdd566d47a92182d363f31ad8d1ee774c1e75c84a8de75b26893). P1: on the McKeon 2004 friction factors, rms relative error at most 3 percent and worst at most 5 percent, and rms below the Prandtl-Karman law's. P2: on the McKeon profiles above 1e6 and every NSTAP profile, every centreline-to-bulk ratio within 2 percent, and rms below the log law integrated over the section (1 + 3.75 sqrt(f_PK/8))."

The rows, as the address answered them. 48 rows; 48 answered through to the end of the request.

trichoderma-fed-batch

A marine fungus grown in a fed vessel. Trichoderma sp. VTT D-221704 (called T2 in the data), a marine fungus engineered to oxidise D-galacturonic acid to mucic acid, grown in fed batch in a Sartorius ambr 250 vessel at VTT: the four cultures fed about 10.6 and about 50 g/L glucose.

Measured by. Anu Tamminen, Rosaliina Turunen (the Zenodo record spells the name Rosalina), Dorothee Barth, Virve Vidgren and Marilyn G. Wiebe, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The Zenodo record states: 'This research was supported by the Academy of Finland, funding decision 280955.'

Cite their work. Tamminen, A., Turunen, R., Barth, D., Vidgren, V., Wiebe, M. G. (2022). Data for growth of marine Trichoderma sp. T2 in ambr250 to produce mucic acid. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5846028 (CC BY 4.0). Paper: Tamminen, A., Turunen, R., Barth, D., Vidgren, V., Wiebe, M. G. (2022). Use of ambr250 to assess mucic acid production in fed-batch cultures of a marine Trichoderma sp. D-221704. AMB Express 12, 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-022-01436-4 (CC BY 4.0).

Their data.

• Measurements: Tamminen, Anu; Turunen, Rosalina; Barth, Dorothee; Vidgren, Virve; Wiebe, Marilyn G., Data for growth of marine Trichoderma sp. T2 in ambr250 to produce mucic acid, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5846028 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Measurements: Tamminen, Anu; Turunen, Rosaliina; Barth, Dorothee; Vidgren, Virve; Wiebe, Marilyn G., Use of ambr®250 to assess mucic acid production in fed-batch cultures of a marine Trichoderma sp. D-221704, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-022-01436-4 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back culture, by the authors' culture name (the workbook's sheet name): one solve of the whole culture, with a segment ending at each sample.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-09 before any held-back number was read (protocol SHA-256 68b833108c589ce7a6e063ec84b21483fa50c7cffa145108e69ed0de816c92db). Root-mean-square error over the samples of the four held-back cultures: dry biomass to 170 h at most 2.15 g/L; glucose 0.85 g/L; galacturonate 2.74 g/L; mucic acid 4.51 g/L; carbon dioxide made 0.00265 mol; oxygen taken up 0.0153 mol. Each line is one and a half times the root-mean-square difference between the two repeats of a fitted condition, so it is set by the measurement and not by the model. The solver passes only if all six are met."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared once, on 2026-10-09, through the gateway, with the four held-back cultures, and it did not pass: three of the six lines were met and three were missed. Missed: galacturonate, root-mean-square error 4.60 g/L against 2.74 allowed; mucic acid, 6.45 g/L against 4.51; carbon dioxide made, 0.01125 mol against 0.00265. Met: dry biomass to 170 h, 1.05 g/L against 2.15; glucose, 0.51 g/L against 0.85; oxygen taken up, 0.0108 mol against 0.0153. Of the three met, only the oxygen line is evidence for the model. The mean of the two fitted cultures at the same yeast extract scores 1.02 g/L on biomass and 0.35 g/L on glucose and meets both lines, and is closer than the solver on both: in these cultures the biomass and the glucose do not change enough with the glucose of the feed for the test to see."

The rows, as the address answered them. 4 rows; 4 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

jet-dte1

The JET tokamak, in pulses of 1996 to 1997. The JET tokamak at Culham in the deuterium-tritium experiment of 1997 (DTE1): the thermal energy, the fast-ion energy and the D-T fusion power of two pulses through their heated window, pulse 42982 (the fusion-energy record, 22 MJ) and pulse 42976 (the 16 MW fusion-power record).

Measured by. The JET Joint Undertaking and EFDA-JET, Culham, who ran the pulses (comment files: 'Institution: EFDA-JET'). Robert V. Budny (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory), contact person of both pulses' comment files, who analysed them with TRANSP (runs 42982C45 and the run named in pr08_jet_42976_com.dat) and submitted them; L. D. Horton and co-authors (42982) and S. E. Sharapov and co-authors (42976), whose papers the comment files give. The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group / ITPA profile database working group and UKAEA Culham, who assembled and serve the International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database. No funder is stated on the saved pages.

Cite their work. International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database, 2008 Public Release (PR08), UKAEA Culham, https://tokamak-profiledb.ccfe.ac.uk/PR08/ , JET pulses 42982 and 42976 (TRANSP analysis by R. V. Budny). As the database asks: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group, D. Boucher et al., 'The International Multi-Tokamak Profile Database', Nucl. Fusion 40 (2000) 1955 (the release page prints page 1958); ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 2, Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 2175; and, for individual discharges, the references of their comment files: R. V. Budny et al., Phys. Plasmas 7 (2000) 5038 (both pulses); L. D. Horton et al., Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 993 (42982); S. E. Sharapov et al., Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 373, and R. V. Budny, Nucl. Fusion 42 (2002) 1382 as the file prints it (42976).

Their data.

• Measurements: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group / ITPA profile database working group; pulses analysed with TRANSP and submitted by R. V. Budny (PPPL) (no author is printed on the release page), 2008 Public Release of the International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database (PR08), 2008. https://tokamak-profiledb.ccfe.ac.uk/PR08/index.htm Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group; Boucher, D.; Connor, J. W.; Houlberg, W. A.; Turner, M. F.; Bracco, G.; Chudnovskiy, A.; Cordey, J. G.; Greenwald, M. J.; Hoang, G. T.; Hogeweij, G. M. D.; Kaye, S. M.; Kinsey, J. E.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Ongena, J.; Schissel, D. R.; Shirai, H.; Stober, J.; Stubberfield, P. M.; Waltz, R. E.; Weiland, J., The International Multi-Tokamak Profile Database, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/12/302 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Budny, R. V.; Ernst, D. R.; Hahm, T. S.; McCune, D. C.; Christiansen, J. P.; Cordey, J. G.; Gowers, C. G.; Guenther, K.; Hawkes, N.; Jarvis, O. N.; Stubberfield, P. M.; Zastrow, K.-D.; Horton, L. D.; Saibene, G.; Sartori, R.; Thomsen, K.; von Hellermann, M. G., Local transport in Joint European Tokamak edge-localized, high-confinement mode plasmas with H, D, DT, and T isotopes, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1320466 Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Sharapov, S. E.; Borba, D.; Fasoli, A.; Kerner, W.; Eriksson, L.-G.; Heeter, R. F.; Huysmans, G. T. A.; Mantsinen, M. J., Stability of alpha particle driven Alfvén eigenmodes in high performance JET DT plasmas, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/3/307 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Horton, L. D.; Sartori, R.; Balet, B.; Budny, R. V.; Christiansen, J. P.; Clement, S.; Conway, G. D.; Cordey, J. G.; Fishpool, G. M.; Lingertat, J.; Lowry, C. G.; Maggi, C. F.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Riccardo, V.; Saibene, G.; Smeulders, P.; Smith, R. J.; Thomsen, K.; von Hellermann, M. G., High fusion power steady state operation in JET DT plasmas, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/8/304 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Bateman, Glenn; Kritz, Arnold H.; Parail, Vassili V.; Cordey, J. G.; the JET Team, Effect of isotope mass on transport simulations of Joint European Torus high-mode plasmas with Edge Localized Modes, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873724 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One held-back JET pulse, by its pulse number: one run of the card over the pulse's heated window (25 ms segments of 25 steps of 1 ms, recorded every 25 ms).

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed before the card was run on either held-back pulse (pre-registration SHA-256 7badf2b1267219d0e4da2edaad7d50097f9f98ceee1e0ab5fb9f8fd391ba94bb), over the heated window of each pulse, sampled every 25 ms: thermal energy error at most 14.5 percent of its measured peak, root mean square, the error the IPB98(y,2) scaling has on its own data; fast-ion energy error at most 25 percent of its peak; fusion power error at most 25 percent of its peak; and the fusion energy released within 25 percent."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared with the two held-back pulses on 2026-10-09, and by the rule fixed beforehand the comparison failed: on the primary pulse, 42982, three of the four marks were met and the fusion-energy mark was missed. Pulse 42982, 219 samples over 5.475 s: thermal energy error 7.9 percent of its peak against a mark of 14.5; fast-ion energy error 22.5 percent against 25; fusion power error 23.4 percent against 25; fusion energy released 18.4 MJ against 24.8 MJ, a ratio of 0.743 against a mark of 0.75 to 1.25. The card's fusion power is too low throughout: its peak is 3.7 MW against 6.1 MW. Pulse 42976, the hot-ion pulse declared outside the card before it was run, missed all four: thermal energy 19.2 percent, fast-ion energy 25.1 percent, fusion power 34.7 percent, and fusion energy 5.4 MJ against 10.3 MJ, with a peak fusion power of 5.1 MW against 14.4 MW."

The rows, as the address answered them. 2 rows; 1 answered through to the end of the request; 1 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

tokamak-dt-jet-tftr

Deuterium-tritium pulses of two tokamaks, JET and TFTR. The deuterium-tritium pulses of the TFTR tokamak at Princeton, 1993 to 1997, as the International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database holds them: the D-T fusion power of each time slice from its radial profiles and its neutral beams.

Measured by. The TFTR group, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, who ran the pulses and made the 1996 to 1997 submissions (comment files: 'Institution: PPPL, Princeton University'). Robert V. Budny (PPPL), contact person and TRANSP analyst of the nine pulses submitted in 2005. The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group / ITPA profile database working group and UKAEA Culham, who assembled and serve the database. L. C. Johnson and colleagues for the calibration of TFTR's neutron detectors. The structure was chosen on six JET pulses (JET Joint Undertaking and EFDA-JET, Culham; TRANSP analysis by R. V. Budny), which are not rows here. No funder is stated on the saved pages.

Cite their work. International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database, 2008 Public Release (PR08), UKAEA Culham, https://tokamak-profiledb.ccfe.ac.uk/PR08/ , TFTR pulses (PPPL; TRANSP analyses by R. V. Budny and the TFTR group). As the database asks: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group, D. Boucher et al., 'The International Multi-Tokamak Profile Database', Nucl. Fusion 40 (2000) 1955 (the release page prints page 1958); ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 2, Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 2175; and, for individual discharges, the reference given in each discharge's comment file (pr08_tftr__com.dat), among them R. V. Budny, 'Fusion alpha parameters in tokamaks with high DT fusion rates', Nucl. Fusion 42 (2002) 1383.

Their data.

• Measurements: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group / ITPA profile database working group; pulses analysed with TRANSP and submitted by R. V. Budny (PPPL) (no author is printed on the release page), 2008 Public Release of the International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database (PR08), 2008. https://tokamak-profiledb.ccfe.ac.uk/PR08/index.htm Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: The ITER 1D Modelling Working Group; Boucher, D.; Connor, J. W.; Houlberg, W. A.; Turner, M. F.; Bracco, G.; Chudnovskiy, A.; Cordey, J. G.; Greenwald, M. J.; Hoang, G. T.; Hogeweij, G. M. D.; Kaye, S. M.; Kinsey, J. E.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Ongena, J.; Schissel, D. R.; Shirai, H.; Stober, J.; Stubberfield, P. M.; Waltz, R. E.; Weiland, J., The International Multi-Tokamak Profile Database, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/12/302 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Budny, R. V.; Ernst, D. R.; Hahm, T. S.; McCune, D. C.; Christiansen, J. P.; Cordey, J. G.; Gowers, C. G.; Guenther, K.; Hawkes, N.; Jarvis, O. N.; Stubberfield, P. M.; Zastrow, K.-D.; Horton, L. D.; Saibene, G.; Sartori, R.; Thomsen, K.; von Hellermann, M. G., Local transport in Joint European Tokamak edge-localized, high-confinement mode plasmas with H, D, DT, and T isotopes, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1320466 Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Budny, R. V., Fusion alpha parameters in tokamaks with high DT fusion rates, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/42/12/305 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Sharapov, S. E.; Borba, D.; Fasoli, A.; Kerner, W.; Eriksson, L.-G.; Heeter, R. F.; Huysmans, G. T. A.; Mantsinen, M. J., Stability of alpha particle driven Alfvén eigenmodes in high performance JET DT plasmas, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/3/307 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Horton, L. D.; Sartori, R.; Balet, B.; Budny, R. V.; Christiansen, J. P.; Clement, S.; Conway, G. D.; Cordey, J. G.; Fishpool, G. M.; Lingertat, J.; Lowry, C. G.; Maggi, C. F.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Riccardo, V.; Saibene, G.; Smeulders, P.; Smith, R. J.; Thomsen, K.; von Hellermann, M. G., High fusion power steady state operation in JET DT plasmas, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/8/304 Licence as the source states it: "Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd"
• Measurements: Bateman, Glenn; Kritz, Arnold H.; Parail, Vassili V.; Cordey, J. G.; the JET Team, Effect of isotope mass on transport simulations of Joint European Torus high-mode plasmas with Edge Localized Modes, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873724 Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Johnson, L. C.; Jassby, D. L.; Roquemore, A. L.; Strachan, J. D.; Barnes, C. W.; Duong, H. H.; Heidbrink, W. E.; Ruskov, E.; Loughlin, M. J., Cross-calibration of neutron detectors for deuterium-tritium operation in TFTR, 1995. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/32785 Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Batistoni, P.; Popovichev, S.; Cufar, A.; Ghani, Z.; Giacomelli, L.; Jednorog, S.; Klix, A.; Lilley, S.; Laszynska, E.; Loreti, S.; Packer, L.; Peacock, A.; Pillon, M.; Price, R.; Rebai, M.; Rigamonti, D.; Roberts, N.; Tardocchi, M.; Thomas, D.; JET Contributors, 14 MeV calibration of JET neutron detectors—phase 1: calibration and characterization of the neutron source, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa98f6 Licence as the source states it: "© 2017 EURATOM"
• Measurements: Wurzel; Hsu, Progress toward fusion energy breakeven and gain as measured against the Lawson criterion, 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.10954 Licence as the source states it: not stated

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One time slice of one TFTR pulse, named by the pulse number and the slice time in the database's time base: one solve.

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Four marks on the TFTR slices whose database fusion power is at least 0.2 MW. L1: the median of solver over database fusion power inside 0.85 to 1.15. L2: at least 0.90 of the slices inside 0.75 to 1.25. L3: pulse 80539 at the slice nearest the peak of its trace, solver over the published measured 10.7 MW, inside 0.80 to 1.20. L4: every scored slice solved, with both ledgers inside tolerance. Baselines scored beside: the first card's fusion formulas with its fitted constants, thermal-only at the central values, thermal-only with profiles, and a constant times the beam power."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "The registered comparison failed, and that stands: one of the four marks was missed and three were met."

The rows, as the address answered them. 103 rows; 90 answered through to the end of the request; 8 answered up to a point and then stopped, with the steps before the stop kept under proof (FastIonShareTooLarge 4, BeamChangeTooRecent 4); 5 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

lhd-proton-boron

A boron-seeded hydrogen plasma in the Large Helical Device. The boron-seeded hydrogen plasma of the Large Helical Device (National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan) under tangential hydrogen neutral beams, discharges 178062 to 178067: the only magnetically confined plasma in which proton-boron-11 fusion alpha particles have been counted.

Measured by. K. Ogawa, R. M. Magee, T. Tajima, H. Gota, P. McCarroll, I. Allfrey, H. Nuga, M. Isobe and M. Osakabe (Ogawa et al. 2024), and with them S. Ohdachi, S. Kamio, V. Klumper, M. Shoji, S. Ziaei and M. W. Binderbauer (Magee et al. 2023): the National Institute for Fusion Science LHD experiment teams and TAE Technologies, working under a memorandum of understanding between NIFS and TAE. The 2024 paper's acknowledgment: 'supported by NIFS LHD experiment teams, while the portion has been supported by the TAE investments'; it is dedicated to the late Professor Satoshi Ohdachi.

Cite their work. K. Ogawa, R. M. Magee, T. Tajima, H. Gota, P. McCarroll, I. Allfrey, H. Nuga, M. Isobe and M. Osakabe, 'Demonstration of aneutronic p-11B reaction in a magnetic confinement device', Nucl. Fusion 64 (2024) 096028, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad6615 (CC BY 4.0; values digitised from Figures 6 and 10). R. M. Magee, K. Ogawa, T. Tajima, I. Allfrey, H. Gota, P. McCarroll, S. Ohdachi, M. Isobe, S. Kamio, V. Klumper, H. Nuga, M. Shoji, S. Ziaei, M. W. Binderbauer and M. Osakabe, 'First measurements of p11B fusion in a magnetically confined plasma', Nat. Commun. 14 (2023) 955, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36655-1 (CC BY 4.0). The underlying data are in the LHD experiment data repository, https://doi.org/10.57451/lhd.analyzed-data ; none was used.

Their data.

• Measurements: Ogawa, K.; Magee, R. M.; Tajima, T.; Gota, H.; McCarroll, P.; Allfrey, I.; Nuga, H.; Isobe, M.; Osakabe, M., Demonstration of aneutronic p-11B reaction in a magnetic confinement device, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad6615 Licence as the source states it: "Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license."
• Measurements: Magee, R. M.; Ogawa, K.; Tajima, T.; Allfrey, I.; Gota, H.; McCarroll, P.; Ohdachi, S.; Isobe, M.; Kamio, S.; Klumper, V.; Nuga, H.; Shoji, M.; Ziaei, S.; Binderbauer, M. W.; Osakabe, M., First measurements of p11B fusion in a magnetically confined plasma, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36655-1 Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
• Measurements: Sikora, M. H.; Weller, H. R., A New Evaluation of the 11B(p,α)αα Reaction Rates, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-016-0069-y Licence as the source states it: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (licence URL http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 in the Crossref record; the publisher's page could not be read)

Measurements in this config. Included, and they stay under their authors' licence: "Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license."; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (licence URL http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 in the Crossref record; the publisher's page could not be read). They are in the row's measured column, or travel inside its request where the model is driven by a measured series. Each row also points to where the values sit in the authors' own record.

One row. One request of the measurement comparison: one LHD discharge at one time under one beam, named by the discharge number, the time, the figure and the protocol row (A3 six points of Figure 10; A4 six times of discharge 178063 in Figure 6; A4b the same six with the power scaled by density; A5 the 45 keV beam at 7.8 s; A5b no boron; A6 1.3 MW deposited at 6.0 s).

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Four lines. Against the published calculation: solver over published inside 0.5 to 2.0. Beam energy dependence: after one common scale factor, every point within a factor of 2. Time shape: after one common scale factor, every point within a factor of 2. Collapse under the 45 keV beam: solver ratio at most the measured ratio. Fixed 2026-10-09T20:51:55Z, SHA-256 8bd91c5c1328f461a268ccca6dc0f31c61b11ab95051da1fe260fe5c2841db90 of validation_protocol.md, before any forecast was run and before any value was read off a figure of Ogawa et al. 2024."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Three of the four lines were missed and one was met. Run: Through the gateway on 2026-10-09, twice, both times after the pass lines were fixed: the second time after the results had been written into this description and the gateway rebuilt, and all 58 answers of the two solvers were identical. Each answer is saved with its seal and its receipt. Published calculation, with the boron of the paper's text, 6.3e16 per m^3: alpha rate 1.921e13 per second, solver over published 0.128, not met. With the boron of the figure's axis, 6.3e17 per m^3, not gated: alpha rate 1.950e14 per second, solver over published 1.300. The paper gives its boron density twice and the two differ by ten: about 7e16 m^-3 in its text and colour bar, 6.3e17 by the axis of the profile it says it used. The protocol registered the text's value, and by it the pass line is missed."

The rows, as the address answered them. 21 rows; 21 answered through to the end of the request.

apc-propeller

A ten-inch model-aircraft propeller. The APC Thin Electric 10x7 model-aircraft propeller (two blades, 0.254 m diameter) as measured in the University of Illinois low-speed wind tunnel: thrust and power coefficient against advance ratio at fixed rotational speed, and at zero airspeed.

Measured by. John B. Brandt, Robert W. Deters, Gavin K. Ananda, Or D. Dantsker and Michael S. Selig, UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC Propeller Database, volume 1: 'UIUC MS thesis by John Brandt and following tests (2005-2008)'). The propeller is made by APC Propellers (Landing Products Inc.).

Cite their work. J.B. Brandt, R.W. Deters, G.K. Ananda, O.D. Dantsker, and M.S. Selig (2026-10-09), UIUC Propeller Database, Vols 1-4, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Aerospace Engineering, retrieved from https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/props/propDB.html. Brandt, J.B. and Selig, M.S., "Propeller Performance Data at Low Reynolds Numbers," 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA Paper 2011-1255, Orlando, FL, January 2011. Brandt, J.B., "Small-Scale Propeller Performance at Low Speeds," M.S. Thesis, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.

Their data.

• Measurements: Brandt, J.B.; Deters, R.W.; Ananda, G.K.; Dantsker, O.D.; Selig, M.S., UIUC Propeller Database, Vols 1-4 (volume 1: APC Thin Electric 10x7, geometry and performance files), 2026. https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/props/propDB.html Licence as the source states it: not stated
• Measurements: Brandt, John B.; Selig, Michael S., Propeller Performance Data at Low Reynolds Numbers, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1255 Licence as the source states it: not stated (first page: 'Copyright © 2011 by the authors. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission.')
• Measurements: Brandt, John Burton, Small-Scale Propeller Performance at Low Speeds, 2005. https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/props/volume-1/Brandt_2005_UIUC-MS-Thesis.pdf Licence as the source states it: not stated (thesis: 'Copyright by John Burton Brandt, 2005')

Measurements in this config. Linked. The source states no licence that allows its measurements to be passed on, so each row holds the prediction and points to where the measurement sits in the authors' own record.

One row. One measured row of a held-back file: one advance ratio of one sweep (77 rows, file by file: 6015, 6020, 6519, 6531 rev/min), then one rotational speed of the run at zero airspeed (16 rows).

What the model did: missed a mark. The pass line, in the verifier's own words: "Fixed on 2026-10-09 before any held-back number was read. An error is the solver less the measurement as a percentage of full scale, full scale being the largest measured value in the fitted sweeps (thrust coefficient 0.1071, power coefficient 0.0528); a percentage of the reading is not used because the thrust passes through zero. Line A, the four held-back sweeps: mean absolute error over thrust and power coefficients together at most 4.0 percent of full scale and no value beyond 10.0. Line B, the run at zero airspeed between 4000 and 6600 rev/min: the same two marks."

The result, in the verifier's own words: "Compared once with the held-back measurements on 2026-10-09, and by the lines fixed beforehand both lines were missed. Line A, 64 points of the sweeps at 6015, 6020, 6519 and 6531 rev/min: mean error 4.85 percent of full scale against 4.0 allowed and worst 10.16 against 10.0; the solver is low at every point, by 5.0 on average in thrust coefficient and 4.7 in power coefficient. Line B, 9 rows at zero airspeed between 4144 and 6542 rev/min: mean 6.02 against 4.0 and worst 11.76 against 10.0; the thrust coefficient is within 3.0 on average and the power coefficient is 9.0 low, low in every row. With the two constants set by hand instead of fitted (−4.0 degrees and 0.020) the error on line A is mean 3.77 and worst 10.03, and on line B 6.06 and 11.85. That is not a better model: the unfitted model errs high where the fitted one errs low."

The rows, as the address answered them. 93 rows; 73 answered through to the end of the request; 20 stopped before the first step, with the reason in the row's stop_detail.

Licence

• The predictions, the proofs and this card: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), Protocol Company.
• Measurements, where a config includes them, stay under their authors' own licence, named in that config's section, in each row's measurement_licence and in CREDITS.md. Credit the people who made them.
• verify_rows.py and replay.py: Apache License 2.0.

Citing

Cite Zero-Trust Physics:

Kruze, J., with Super Intelligence (2026). Zero-Trust Physics: a verifier for the physical answers of Super Intelligence. Protocol Company. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23305697

@misc{kruze2026zerotrustphysics,
  author       = {Kruze, John},
  title        = {Zero-Trust Physics: a verifier for the physical answers of Super Intelligence},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = oct,
  version      = {1.0},
  howpublished = {Preprint},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  organization = {Protocol Company},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.23305697},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23305697},
  note         = {Byline on the paper: John Kruze, with Super Intelligence. Licence: CC BY 4.0}
}

And credit the people who made the measurements a companion sits beside. Their citations are in each section above and in CREDITS.md.

If you made one of these measurements

This was written out of interest in your work. If something here names your data wrongly, credits it incompletely, or includes a number you would prefer to be linked, write and it will be put right: kruze@zerotrustphysics.com

The rest

• The address: https://mcp.zerotrustphysics.com/mcp. Open to any agent.
• The site: https://zerotrustphysics.com
• The things, each with its longer story: https://zerotrustphysics.com/things/
• The paper: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23305697
• The repository, with the rule for every proof: https://github.com/johnkruze/zero-trust-physics
• John Kruze, applied researcher: kruze@zerotrustphysics.com

Give the address and the site to your own agent first. Then write.

Written by Super Intelligence, on behalf of Protocol Company. Results as read from the verifier on the morning of 11 October 2026.