| {"task_id": "meat-bro", "title": "Meat Bro", "description": "Predict the combined effects of pressure, hormone changes, arterial stiffness, and liver impairment.", "instruction": "# Meat Bro under pressure\n\nAn adult male, nicknamed Meat Bro, is obese and has 50% more skeletal muscle\nthan the reference adult male. He eats a normal diet. Both subjects have the\nsame body composition, diet and 24-hour preparation before comparison time zero.\n\nApply these changes together to the intervention subject at time zero:\n\n1. Raise ambient pressure to 2.0 atmospheres absolute while he breathes ordinary\n air containing 21% oxygen. Hold ambient pressure at 2.0 atm for the hour.\n2. Set initial plasma testosterone to 1,000 ng/dL and begin a constant\n testosterone infusion of 11.5929392148 nmol/min.\n3. Set initial epinephrine to five times its pre-intervention concentration and\n begin a constant epinephrine infusion of 1505.45345539 ng/min.\n4. Reduce initial systemic arterial compliance to two-thirds of its reference\n value. No arterial-pressure clamp is applied.\n5. Reduce the liver structural-function factor from 1.0 to 0.1 and hepatic\n thrombopoietin-production capacity to 10% of its reference value.\n\nContinue both infusions throughout the 60-minute comparison. The matched control\nstarts from the identical prepared state and receives none of these five changes.\n\nAt 60 minutes, predict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative\nto the matched control at that same time.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Unit | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| `pancreatic_flow` | Total pancreatic blood flow | mL/min | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `cerebral_flow` | Cerebral blood flow | mL/min | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `aldosterone` | Plasma aldosterone concentration | ng/dL | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `glucose` | Plasma glucose concentration | mg/dL | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `thyroid_secretion` | Thyroid hormone secretion rate, combined T4/T3 pool | amount/min | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below\nthe stated band is unchanged.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly\none object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a\nnonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/meat-bro", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-02", "title": "Summit Air Scrubber", "description": "Predict the combined effects of altitude, exercise, and altered breathing gas.", "instruction": "# Scenario 02\n\nAn adult male begins awake,\nresting and lying down at sea level in still air at 72°F (22.22°C), 30% relative\nhumidity, wearing normal clothing.\n\n- At 0.1 min, the intervention subject sits and moves to an altitude of 1,000 m.\n- At 5.1 min, altitude becomes 2,000 m; at 10.1 min, it becomes 3,000 m.\n- At 15.1 min, while remaining at 3,000 m, he starts cycling at 75 W and\n 50 revolutions/min, with mechanical efficiency set to 30%. Ambient temperature\n becomes 10°C. He switches to a supplied breathing mixture containing 20.9%\n oxygen, 1.0% carbon dioxide, 0.5381882920494379% water vapor and\n 77.56181170795055% nitrogen. No carbon monoxide or anesthetic gas is supplied.\n Gas is delivered at ambient pressure. These settings continue through 35.1 min.\n\n\nThe matched control starts from the identical state and sits at 0.1 min. It\nremains resting at sea level in 72°F (22.22°C), 30% humidity and breathes ordinary\nambient air throughout; the supplied-gas connection stays off. Clothing and\nstill-air conditions are shared.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Plasma albumin concentration | 35.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Total plasma protein concentration | 35.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Minute ventilation at body conditions | 35.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Plasma flow through the pancreatic beta-cell compartment | 35.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Net capillary immunoglobulin G transport rate | 35.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-02", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-03", "title": "Rescue Basket", "description": "Predict responses to blood loss, cold, and head-up tilt.", "instruction": "# Scenario 03\n\nAn adult male begins awake,\nresting and lying down at sea level in still air at 72°F (22.22°C), 30% relative\nhumidity, wearing normal clothing.\n\n- From 0.1 to 5.1 min, the intervention subject loses whole blood at a fixed\n 80 mL/min, totaling 400 mL. Bleeding is then stopped. No replacement fluid is given.\n- At 10.1 min, he is secured in a tilt frame at 60° above horizontal. Ambient\n temperature becomes 10°C. He remains at rest under these conditions.\n\n\nThe matched control starts from the identical state and has no blood loss.\nAt 10.1 min it enters the same secured-frame mode at 0° above horizontal and\nremains at 72°F (22.22°C). Humidity, still air and clothing are shared.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_03` | Chloride concentration in urine from the right kidney | 20.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Total protein concentration in middle-torso lymph | 20.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_13` | Left ventricular end-diastolic blood volume | 20.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_15` | Bicarbonate concentration in urine from the left kidney | 20.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_16` | Sulfate concentration in final urine | 20.1 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-03", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-07", "title": "Heart with a Shortcut", "description": "Predict exercise and recovery responses with weakened heart function and a vascular shunt.", "instruction": "# Scenario 07\n\nAn adult male has a shared\n120-minute preparation before comparison time zero:\n\n- Both ventricular basic-contractility settings are set to 0.70 times their\n reference values and remain at that setting throughout.\n- During the first 30 min, whole blood is removed at 40 mL/min while an equal\n 40 mL/min of plasma with 0% red-cell volume fraction is infused. A total of\n 1,200 mL is exchanged; both flows then stop.\n- The base conductance setting of an arteriovenous fistula is 20 mL/min/mmHg\n for the first 30 min, 50 mL/min/mmHg for the next 30 min and 100 mL/min/mmHg\n for the final 60 min. It stays at 100 mL/min/mmHg during the comparison.\n\nAt comparison time zero, both subjects are at rest with no further blood\nwithdrawal, transfusion or intravenous fluid. At 5 min, the intervention subject\nstarts cycling at 40 W and 50 revolutions/min, with mechanical efficiency set\nto 30%. At 35 min, cycling stops. The matched control starts from the identical\nprepared state and remains at rest. The fistula and ventricular settings are\nshared and unchanged.\n\nBoth subjects retain the lying posture setting throughout preparation and\ncomparison. Cycling is performed without changing that posture.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero. Measurements at 35 minutes are taken immediately before cycling stops.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Skeletal-muscle oxygen consumption rate | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Oxygen content of blood leaving adipose tissue | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Cardiac output | 35 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Ammonium concentration in urine from the right kidney | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Total glomerular filtration rate | 35 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-07", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-09", "title": "Robot Paramedic", "description": "Predict responses to saline and mechanical ventilation after blood loss with impaired kidney function.", "instruction": "# Scenario 09\n\nAn adult male has a shared\n150-minute preparation before comparison time zero:\n\n- At the beginning of preparation, each kidney's filtering-nephron percentage\n is set to 50%, with total nephron counts unchanged. This setting is retained.\n- After 120 min, whole blood is removed at 50 mL/min for 15 min, totaling 750 mL.\n Bleeding then stops, followed by 15 min without replacement fluid.\n\nAt 5 min after comparison time zero, the intervention subject receives 0.9%\nsaline containing 154 mmol/L sodium chloride at 50 mL/min. At the same time,\nfixed ventilation is switched on at 12 breaths/min with a 500 mL tidal volume.\nThe saline stops at 35 min after a total of 1,500 mL. The fixed rate and tidal volume continue\nthrough the end of the 60-minute comparison.\n\nThe matched control starts from the identical prepared state, receives no\nreplacement fluid and continues spontaneous breathing. Bleeding remains off\nand the renal settings are shared.\n\nBoth subjects retain the lying posture setting throughout preparation and\ncomparison.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero. Measurements at 35 minutes are taken immediately before the saline infusion stops.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Endogenous estradiol appearance rate | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Calcium delivery rate leaving the distal nephron segments of both kidneys | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Cerebral blood flow | 35 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Extracellular potassium concentration | 35 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Ammonium concentration in urine from the right kidney | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-09", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-11", "title": "Shunt Shutdown", "description": "Predict the effects of closing a vascular shunt while changing adrenergic signaling and oxygen supply.", "instruction": "# Scenario 11\n\nAn adult male undergoes a shared 120-minute preparation. Both ventricular basic-contractility settings are 0.70 times their reference values. During the first 30 minutes, whole blood is removed at 40 mL/min and replaced with the same volume of plasma containing no red cells, totaling 1,200 mL exchanged. The base conductance setting of an arteriovenous fistula is 20 mL/min/mmHg for the first 30 minutes, 50 for the next 30, and 100 for the final 60 minutes. Both subjects remain lying down and at rest.\n\nAt comparison time zero, the intervention subject's fistula base-conductance setting is reduced from 100 to zero. The gain on beta-1 adrenergic signaling driven by circulating catecholamines is reduced to 50% of reference, and the subject begins breathing dry 60% oxygen and 40% nitrogen at ambient pressure. These settings are held for 60 minutes, with no further blood withdrawal, transfusion, exercise or intravenous fluid.\n\nThe matched control starts from the identical prepared state, keeps the fistula setting at 100, retains the reference gain on circulating beta-1 adrenergic signaling and continues breathing ordinary ambient air. Both retain the 0.70 ventricular settings and lying posture.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Total protein concentration in upper-torso interstitial fluid | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Glycerol amount in the circulating pool | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Thyroid hormone secretion rate, combined T4/T3 | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Epinephrine amount in its circulating pool | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Circulating estradiol concentration | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-11", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-12", "title": "Oxygen-Loop Fault", "description": "Predict hormonal and metabolic responses to mechanical ventilation with elevated oxygen and carbon dioxide.", "instruction": "# The Oxygen-Loop Fault\n\nAn adult man at rest lies supine at sea level. For one hour, a breathing circuit supplies dry gas containing 60% oxygen, 1% carbon dioxide and 39% nitrogen. Mechanical ventilation delivers 8 breaths per minute with a tidal volume of 700 mL. Room temperature is 22.2 °C. Compare with the same man remaining supine and breathing room air spontaneously for the same hour.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Vasopressin secretion rate | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Hepatic fatty-acid synthesis rate | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Circulating epinephrine concentration | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Thyroid hormone secretion rate (combined T4/T3 pool) | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Systemic venous pressure | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-12", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-13", "title": "Centrifuge Saline Bag", "description": "Predict the combined effects of increased gravity, head-up tilt, supplemental oxygen, and saline.", "instruction": "# The Centrifuge Saline Bag\n\nAn adult man at rest spends one hour restrained at 55 degrees head-up in a centrifuge producing an effective gravity of 1.5 g. He breathes dry 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen at sea-level pressure and receives 500 mL of 0.9% saline evenly over the hour. Room temperature is 22.2 °C. Compare with the same man remaining supine at 1 g, breathing room air and receiving no infusion.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_02` | Fatty-acid release rate from lipid stores | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_08` | Middle-torso interstitial albumin concentration | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_10` | Endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone production rate | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_12` | Total amount of CO₂ in alveolar gas | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_13` | Circulating glycerol concentration | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-13", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-16", "title": "Sealed Ambulance", "description": "Predict responses to concentrated saline and altered ventilation after blood loss with impaired kidney function.", "instruction": "# The Sealed Ambulance\n\nAn adult man has half the usual number of filtering nephrons in each kidney. After two hours in this state, he loses 750 mL of whole blood evenly over 15 minutes and rests for 15 minutes after bleeding stops. He then spends one hour supine breathing dry 40% oxygen, 1% carbon dioxide and 59% nitrogen at sea-level pressure, with mechanical ventilation at 12 breaths per minute and 400 mL tidal volume. During that hour he receives 500 mL of saline evenly at a constant rate, containing 345 mmol/L sodium and 345 mmol/L chloride. Compare with a matched man after the same kidney impairment and blood loss who remains supine at sea-level pressure, breathes room air spontaneously, and receives no infusion.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Portal venous fatty-acid concentration | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Albumin amount in upper-torso interstitial fluid | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Hepatic venous blood flow | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Amount of vasopressin in the undamaged readily releasable stores | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Glucagon concentration in pancreatic alpha-cell effluent | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-16", "scored_outputs": 5} | |
| {"task_id": "scenario-17", "title": "Cold Transfer", "description": "Predict the combined effects of cooling, head-up tilt, and supplemental oxygen.", "instruction": "# The Cold Transfer\n\nAn adult man at rest starts supine in a 22.2 °C room, breathing ordinary air at sea-level pressure. At time zero, he is moved into a 15 °C room, restrained at 45 degrees head-up, and supplied dry 60% oxygen and 40% nitrogen. He remains under those conditions for one hour, without exercise, bleeding, transfusion or intravenous fluid. Compare with the same man remaining supine at 22.2 °C and breathing room air for that hour.\n\nPredict each listed quantity in the intervention subject relative to the matched control at the stated time. Times are minutes after comparison time zero.\n\n| Output ID | Quantity | Time (min) | Unchanged band |\n|---|---|---:|---|\n| `output_01` | Plasma renin activity | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_02` | Skin tissue oxygen partial pressure | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_03` | Oxygen content of blood leaving the liver | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_04` | Thyroid hormone secretion rate (combined T4/T3 pool) | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n| `output_05` | Blood oxygen content in the left renal tubular vascular compartment | 60 | 1% of the absolute matched-control value |\n\nUse `increase`, `decrease`, or `unchanged`. An absolute difference at or below the stated band is unchanged. Relative bands use the contemporaneous control.\n\nWrite `/logs/artifacts/answer.json` with a `predictions` array containing exactly one object per output ID. Each object must contain `id`, `direction`, and a nonempty `explanation`. Directions are scored; explanations are saved for review.\n\nProduce the answer file before finishing.\n", "task_path": "tasks/scenario-17", "scored_outputs": 5} | |