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However, the mechanisms of this effect are controversial (1, 2, 46, 53, 57). | background | DISCUSSION | ef1535a64b39c591db87e3d82fb7128a8f39480b | c923028caac7d0f58db911a22a89a003e10453bb |
, PP-DGgranule cell layer synapses), if the tetanus is delivered to a positive peak of y in urethane-anesthetized rats (27, 28). | method | 318ff0c00e6899a66ee4a4d969e0d72500e16a3e | 41129a35ce2f54686e6a9c697a4ab9d6b0312150 | |
Furthermore, GFP-ATG16L1△(1–320) precipitated mCherryTMEM74 and endogenous TMEM74 (Figure 2e), conversely, GFP-ATG16(1-320) failed to bindmCherry-TMEM74 (Figure 2f), suggesting that the WD repeats domain of ATG16L1 was required for the interaction with TMEM74. | background | Results | 02b0039ff52bcbe9dcf68233850307edadb58a50 | 661d7549abc58fb8daafe25552e5693fc5a6d3be |
…the three different components of episodic memory: registration (by ensuring that all items have been truly registered), storage (by providing the semantic cues for facilitating the access to stored information), and retrieval (by the spontaneous recall of items after delay) (Sarazin et al., 2010). | background | Discussion | 9462acef826a6b495fe8fb281660ee4418bb840e | 21aaceb3fc27e8cc831e25191d967daa0d8962bf |
The one-tap NLMS algorithm can be employed for an effective phase estimation and carrier recovery [34-36], and the tap weight WNLMS in the one-tap NLMS CPR algorithm can be expressed as: | method | 4. Carrier phase recovery | 784d01a6e7287ef37176a92e821da2aa4862220a | c3da96fe04f7cee3beee9ae2ce93fecb25f878c3 |
Kinocilial links are, like tip links, BAPTA-sensitive/ subtilisin-resistant structures (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003). | background | Results | b38a9735318cf86573a8c3bbdd58747527e6d3b1 | f05330eb7b43478aca0790b843a4d6ffb3043a94 |
…lesions shortly following birth demonstrates a difficulty for early-cortical lesioned male, but not female, rodents to discriminate rapidly presented tones ( 350 ms), while both sexes could reliably discriminate tones presented at longer interstimulus intervals (ISIs) (Herman et al., 1997). | background | 4.2. Cortical sex differences in the auditory system | ffe9fbf5e1db48cdeb03b2790249a3ee0ecc960a | b4f3597485b8e161af04ce27f3d23ad2cbe90ccc |
As Jaeger et al. (1999) noted, several of the dental and mandibular characteristics cited as anthropoid synapomorphies or phenetic resemblances to anthropoids in their original description of the species are found among adapids as well (see Rosenberger et al. 1985; Gebo 2002), in combination. | background | CONCLUSIONS | 9242171373f7b6fda7bb414c78bffabb73a31ac0 | 7625e01b6737feac8b8602fc2f8e685ae4c178dd |
EMG currents were recorded using modified models of a previously described monopolar current amplifier [11]. | method | Methods | ec6c61a06407c64b6ad3ec7f096566f361acf038 | 7a4127d4a914a9f4cdcb3f45407d3a8a98f29447 |
In our model, we did this by varying the linear response (gsac) of this current in a series of simulations from 0 to 250 (S/Fs), which corresponds up to two times the published values for these types of currents (15, 45), to account for other possible similar current sources and establish potential trends. | method | METHODS | 57f6902e1eae638c963edcb135e382fa7ddcd3b3 | 09c6efd15b4f6d4fa82f6bfbccc70ac58f930890 |
Although these occipital components are modulated by spatially-focused attention (Hillyard and Anllo-Vento, 1998), it was not predicted that these components would be sensitive to emotive modulations. | background | 2. Method | a7ffdf9e9f137a0219f1c560ffa0192fe692571d | ea9377ed501631091fcadb975faa2815abd464de |
All the included patients, except for those who died, were followed up for ≥3 years [17]. | background | 1c902e1ac72dba327a0be636d0bdeaef497cec4e | a45b8c6326c324fa47dc5d999051d9dc55b48ba2 | |
In addition, decay in spike rate during the phase 1 burst, when triggered by afferent potentials, is more rapid than that generated by intracellular current injection (Krans and Chapple 2005). | background | Results | 5227ec6b6b9e6630d3eec53e8784b1d43b97febf | 61ba484c3fd142d5ddf606eae1a549fe29594208 |
(3)
It worth noting that the optimal conductance parameter can be estimated by iterative methods (Tsiotsios and Petrou, 2013), however, we have a fixed κ based on the previous optimization in MRI and DTI studies (Moraschi et al., 2010; Senra et al., 2015). | background | Subjects | 9efebeada238948c156bb066fab1b2bc174f2f29 | 0230905979a5e3fdb60e74bd505e79ac0746ec56 |
membrane, a result that fully agrees with the observations by Zhang and Barritt in LNCaP cells [9]. | result | Discussion | 6eda63fc4ce5842eb549a59de1c98555b1749756 | 4fd2489e666fdb618adf4e264ddb89ac5d453e61 |
We use McPAT [Li et al. 2009] and CACTI [Muralimanohar et al. 2007] to measure energy benefits while considering all the overheads associated with RFVP. | method | 7.1. Methodology | 109eda1666ed4ce3ac46e272e3f4152826897b97 | db07800430a02b722f6fb0a56b011bacd0cb1a20 |
This prediction has been supported in comparative studies on primates (Short 1979; Harcourt et al. 1981; Harvey and Harcourt 1984; Kappeler 1997a) and many other taxa (review, e.g., in Møller and Briskie 1995). | result | Introduction | 6c0d40cfabb567805bef3f50b7af4549e66019fd | 98cc989e358d6ff824272048e1030fda47e6e544 |
Four items measured anthropomorphism, defined as attributing humanlike mental capacities of agency and experience to it (Epley et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007; Waytz et al., 2010). | background | 8d10472bd23eca8ad959e30075c19794b1d946c8 | 8c575ce43c31cce069d67eb00a31ea8dc71d6ef6 | |
Additionally, the studies in general point out that the type of transportation seems to be more related to social and environmental factors than to the students’ freedom of choice, as observed in the studies carried out by Davison et al. (2008); Dollman & Lewis (2007); Robertson-Wilson et al. (2008); and Timperio et al... | background | DISCUSSION | 76fc8262a4b85a40e57f425403d23a39ea488873 | 9daeced0925b74cec0cb589d2682c6c9060e669b |
One programming model that favors tractability is Chapel[8], which provides a small set of primitive domain maps such as blocked, cyclic, or replicated distributions. | background | 1. Introduction | 210e3d0418b1cc4f6ecf8fcfcf0f754cb65c1305 | 4721ad0db596f3f78ddb31b4305ddbde35f8f181 |
Desaturation/elongation of EFAs occur mainly in liver microsomes, but active EFA metabolism has been also found in other tissues, such as kidney [3] and testis [4], and we demonstrated that even heart microsomes have the ability to desaturate LA and to synthesize arachidonic acid (AA) to satisfy partially tissue needs ... | background | ae687953796a3fb7d60ead4cbabc3ac5bb26998a | d1296fc12e4cc4dbb864ab572680e87c70f8e053 | |
Indole-3-carbinol is used as standard reference compound as its chemopreventive potential by modulating the activities of phase I and phase II enzymes has been well established in the literature [20–24]. | method | Experimental design | d76c74332c25fd87a7889d5c5c0408e811ccebc3 | 0d04332b6a01c1f4ce5563a4daed6e673f828595 |
Furthermore, risk-factor awareness among patients with lower-limb ischemia is suboptimal, and one benefit of a NLC is the opportunity to educate patients.(24,25) Indeed, our results show significant benefits of a protocol-based NLC for claudicants with a 25% relative risk reduction of predicted 10-year coronary events ... | background | LIPID PROFILE AND CORONARY RISK SCORES | 91d97e360130bab82db769d9c3f23bb248739725 | 7d4385e9028a49d4dda315bc1978a8d2e853d149 |
…out in PBS containing 50 mg DEAE-dextran ml21 and 2 % FCS. Inoculations with a low dose (m.o.i. ¡ 0.05) of MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV (strain HKU-39849; Zeng et al., 2003) were carried out directly in EMEM containing 2 % FCS. Virus titrations by plaque assay were performed as described previously… | method | METHODS | 300778fc251628966c3c027308a7d3fe5a02f84c | 099104619b7f39953360a1dd24e92d9b8bd000f0 |
Then, to transfer knowledge, one can either share the S(k) = {U ,V } (Pan et al., 2010) or S(k) = B (Gao et al., 2013b;a; Li et al., 2009; Long et al., 2012) across all domains. | background | 1. Introduction | 94cd3445ba69b80253de533a76c4de8ed7bc19c3 | be6342fa3a4a7ffedf2cbab1b7ea4f75ed80f8f0 |
Thus, the authors focus on the tf ⋅ idf value (term frequency times inverse document frequency) [20, 21] used as a feature selection value when representing documents as multidimensional vectors, then use this as a word weight and apply it to Profit Sharing. | method | 1. Introduction | acfa8d826bd95158c39f4575a6dbefca45e7b677 | e50a316f97c9a405aa000d883a633bd5707f1a34 |
…primate conservation and further support the proposal to restore the Mngeta conservation corridor between US and Iyondo forest, a lowland to montane forest that is contiguous with MT (Rovero et al. 2012; St. John 2008) and is currently under gazettement as forest reserve (N. Burgess, pers. comm.). | background | Discussion | 1e07b16fb589780721887f60271a8b1c2868fb8b | 40c5741dc18ca03e625306b5bbf6622d097176a3 |
Here, magnesium is reabsorbed passively via the paracellular route together with calcium through specialized tight junctions driven by a favorable transepithelial potential [2]. | background | Discussion | 785d26e6592278f48c9eb68eb1e3388788c76b32 | 35c27b0c0db73af7303c0a95efa90479afb04fed |
Similar results were previously reported in the ischemic striatum and fronto-parietal cortex, the core and the penumbra of the ischemia induced by MCAo, of rats with a similar survival and neurological impairment (Vannucchi et al., 2005, 2007). | result | Discussion | 8b3073fa49bf5f939e8ed380420711a0e12baecd | 2d7293944d88bfbbe2533fb8845d97c0f82f41de |
Several studies support our results showing that IFN-c plays an important role in recovery from influenza viral infection by helping to clear the virus [27,28,29]. | result | Discussion | adbcc12a04e608f88b1dcb12568207fe5398f520 | 2326f0b32885b151ed126731f810ec71dc421676 |
In his article [9], Oporowski established the existence of an infinite graph which is not isomorphic to a proper minor of itself. | background | 1. INTRODUCTION | 2ca1fa77808f194694e684fedbd789478e285fd5 | 67b2e44987dcd1e38349c7889116ae4a5a2706d4 |
This study used the three-form (25% missing) and SQSD (50% missing) designs, although others are available (Graham et al., 2006). | method | IMPLEMENTATION | c328f8ba08d22b835c9ff2fcd112053b36c17942 | cd381d94835eb2ab464dcc843ff8e29e55beeb34 |
In order to determine the severity of ASAD, Adulthood Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Manicavasagar et al., 2003) and Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Silove et al., 1993) were used. | method | 2. Methods | 26420ec3d87ab5cce2f6439c368e6cfab4dbd4e0 | ed36122184056b9dbc518e3b59444e0f1b913acc |
To train our CNN for classification, we set initial learning rate to 0.01 and optimize cross-entropy loss with Adagrad [26]. | method | 3.1. Setup | 3771f56ae039cda53e3e6ec8863b98cb78282d6c | 05aba481e8a221df5d8775a3bb749001e7f2525e |
Since, muscle fatigue has an effect on the ability of the spine to maintain stability, it would be of significant interest to determine whether a fatigued trunk system responds differently to the pre- and added loads that were described by Krajcarski et al (1999). | background | Introduction | 551c30c8c3ffd11bb00ffef7d89fa3bec52a1102 | f25f4beb189c66b5d0e805ab5a667765137f1787 |
assessment, underestimation is considered according to the study designs; conversely for outcome and confounding assessment, overestimation is considered (Porta et al. 2009; WHO 2007; Franchini et al. 2004; Giusti 2009). | background | Methods | a0cedf03204eff9e56a98fd28a4ceb4bba824893 | 8136368261536e4d6b468bc737147ad51872b97f |
…results in the light of the current debate concerning the probable agents responsible for the high level of biodiversity and its geographical distribution across the different biogeographical regions in this continent (Hoorn et al. 2010; Antonelli & Sanmartin 2011; Rull 2011; S ersic et al. 2011). | background | Introduction | 2b80f65e936e58979de232164026543edb2a79e8 | 8f01119d68d6a980ec1608e905be6e4f58cb328a |
Adequately understanding and managing product data is seen to have clear business benefits (Otto, 2012a). | background | 1 Introduction | 34d919880d3958aa73039d78d9aba6c74e5e5558 | 2f356b52714f0f6a8824aea8996d13cc2140a1dc |
al also indicated that women who were 18 years or older at marriage were more likely to discuss family size with their husbands and were also more likely to find out about a method of contraceptive than their younger counterparts (31). | background | Background Characteristics Spacing Limiting Total RRR P-value RRR P-value OR P-Value Age | b8ad040357eaae50c8efbe3cc8ae9d93b800db2d | e18666bf07e60f7414838aed88c0d35510bce67c |
This section also reports on performances of friendship estimation (Kanda et al., 2004 c) among children through these two experiments. | background | 3 Field experiments | 922f2fb5ebc5d7d8e08b087bdd4df2855bdd4b48 | 73f8d428fa37bc677d6e08e270336e066432c8c9 |
Laboratory parameters considered in this study were those already found significantly different between early PMF and WHO-ET: Hb (g/dL), WBC (3109/L), PLT (3109/L), and LDH (mU/mL). | method | Methods | 6a316f8bedc56100c71351fd5518c76370dd4777 | a012d50cf4124cd463f6cec831b8e1dd072999d2 |
Third, PLCb1 is accumulated at the perisynaptic site of excitatory synapses, and thereby exhibits extensive overlap with mGluR1, mGluR5 and M1 receptors (Fukaya et al., 2008). | background | 80160aee8cdcbc26e6b65dd28fd07246c349140c | 9b191008e5ce88ef5fb79694fa7fb8d7ab10170b | |
…transcription depends on the level of activin receptor signaling in pituitary gonadotrophs, which in turn is modulated by the balance of locally produced activin and circulating levels of inhibin, an activin antagonist secreted from the gonads (Gregory and Kaiser, 2004; Bilezikjian et al., 2006). | background | Discussion | fc51b6c016d624145c2bf033a016507dd9f2220e | de290c66d4b877d6db640da102fa30f3bec7e4e8 |
Two studies assessed testicular volume as a predictor of successful sperm retrieval (Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011). | background | RESULTS | 471ff2f6fff41e64350168b059ac3f13696c1c09 | b69aa2af017d1a5332e34ee0cc8e7890abb504c1 |
4 is important for optimization of pharmacokinetic behavior (Deng et al., 2010; Datta-Mannan et al., 2012; Deng et al., 2012). | background | DISCUSSION | af794c74a2bfd33336bca2a410ed42a978d98a89 | 691576326d898a7e56628c7775eb1acd93316a58 |
Sequencing reactions with Big Dye Taq premix were performed using forward primers of Cladosporium and Fusarium on an ABI 3130xl automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems) as described previously in Shipunov et al. (2008). | method | Nested-PCRs | 5ddd341c20f323d736e9b3899ad20561c9bdbeea | 8f2cfced117e54b3e1ba97b0e43f34e0ec747952 |
The first three exons of nhr-64 encode a predicted DNA binding domain (DBD) and the remaining 5 exons encode a predicted ligand binding domain (LBD) [26,27]. | background | Results | ca7bb30153732a7a464b1ea245de816526480fd5 | e4b356c8b6ea3e0ea05a9243093e67f23737f63c |
Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy may be of great help for an in vivo morphological demonstration of fibro-fatty myocardial replacement [10], but recent studies have shown a high degree of interobserver variability in assessing fatty deposition, which may be observed even in normal hearts [1]. | background | Discussion | 7b7733a5f094e53d332cb064ec2684a18d788764 | 26758802a458830ad1d7e5f492ba742ba21782c0 |
In contrast, in other studies, DFI media has been reported to have lower specificity due to occurrence of non-Cronobacter strains with α-glycosidase activity (Cawthorn et al. 2008; Iversen et al. 2004). | result | CHROMOGENIC MEDIA | 049b42404789093f7f9250dc8d01f8506ead8084 | 8ef70d9f439ba4acdddb480b6b6a4f3165dae7d0 |
Primary cardiomyocyte cultures from 1-day-old Wistar rats were prepared according to the procedure described previously (21). | method | METHODS | d346d94bfd5987eb5189b61626eac7761635c50e | d053d07779fe765c8ac914c3dc98bda84a58e733 |
Most studies [24,25,27,28,29,30,33,34] were of a small sample size (less than 100). | background | 3.2 Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Maternal Health | 5ba35b32fbd5fadaa10df97b87df75eaa2203923 | fd4e86ba764f50dcefd4d57bb489a7f2c169e137 |
, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER)] (11, 12, 39) and thus induce cell death. | background | 0c160181c3fa74d18e5b3a15cb351edd259efed4 | 42a0035bcddd0d0d1f8e19800e396ac4e1bc03a5 | |
Lots of studies revealed that the variants of UMOD were associated with different risk of CKD, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, T allele of rs12917707 was associated with lower risk of CKD and ESRD [9, 10, 18, 19, 23, 24]. | result | Discussion | 49abe8312557893b0b21dd278f705143422e46ac | 37971b42d771d3cfd0efcbf81172464f8fd07ec3 |
Following [2], [3], we measure the specificness of the constituent entities of a semantic association x using the technique reviewed in Section 3. | method | 3.2 Implementation | cec58d31bf7b4242bbd4f084e0aaa16e63dede72 | 21df322e67d5ab8cad78875669c10a0826dde9c4 |
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the negative regulation of the synthesis of flavonoids in grapevine, a search was conducted in the NCBI/GenBank Database using the sequence of Fragaria × ananasa FaMYB1, a repressor of the flavonoid biosynthesis (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011). | method | Results | 1299de4f6f7b52a81ab2612c75fd09982c21a2e7 | 34e5513017c555463409013e0f16af946348f7bf |
Reduced CREB activity has been shown to reduce excitability of nucleus accumbens neurons (Dong et al., 2006), whereas loss of c-Fos leads to increased neuronal excitability (Zhang et al., 2002). | background | Discussion | a724a891e95af6c7691f7d87256a95dd1802a02d | cc0df6c7065ea488f97ccb0cacd22f2617ba666e |
Samples previously analyzed by de Stephanis et al. (2008b) were analyzed at the isotopic mass relationship spectrometry laboratory of the Autonomous University of Madrid (LIM-UAM, Spain) using a Micromass Cf-Isochrom of magnetic sector that analyzes the isotopic relationship through the continuous… | method | Methods | 138a86a5e6e312393e122102f9fd7738051025dc | cdc2c11e83ec283cbc45480a9c8a62326666012d |
In multiple publications [9, 23, 11], our preferred definition of provenance stated that it is an “explicit representation of the processes that led to that data item”. | background | 7.3. Reproducibility | 2cb4877a529f8cfe68115ff628677d12d90e9561 | 01f8ef1a7e7e9c2786578a1687e6cf03df99d7c2 |
IP, receptors are not detected in the adjacent olfactory bulb, contrasting with the high density of PKC in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb reported previously (Worley et al., 1986a). | background | are most | 4b06a64aa5c7cbdd411e55c1d9c5f24e979a7268 | a3083f8d0f51221d2e191ea515535025698e09e0 |
Our results are supported by the findings of another group of investigators who utilised FISH [5]. | result | Discussion | 3be446d3a24e2b207be75896b999c384802578cc | cd42df5fec4f169dde3d3b587101c3f4c209c87b |
In (Rüdiger et al., 2007b) a reduction of the dependability tree was proposed for the application of autonomous mobile systems. | background | 1 INTRODUCTION | f9df603da0731b2c220eb3a6256dbc44bab5f234 | 7fbeb25f303857182172283ada0fdb67669c2458 |
This is conWrmed by the superior results of functional conservative or postsurgical treatment procedures in comparison to non-weight bearing plaster cast immobilisation [14, 31]. | result | Discussion | 271adbb419c95de9b4634a630082299b1a40ecc9 | 979f71be62cb9612690e46494dd65a6ce8db05e2 |
Jaeger et al. (1999) described Bahinia pondaungensis from three associated specimens—a moderately large left and right maxilla and a lower jaw—recovered from the middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar. | background | INTRODUCTION | 9242171373f7b6fda7bb414c78bffabb73a31ac0 | 7625e01b6737feac8b8602fc2f8e685ae4c178dd |
The function generating the judgment criterion y included two multiplicative combinations of the cues x1,..., x4:
y = 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 + 2x1x2x3 + x2x3x4
8.5 (1)
We used the same items in the judgment task as in previous studies (Hoffmann et al., 2014, 2016). | method | Method | f9fe13905c5ac93723c8ac041bdb6ce560343899 | 536420458ac98229a602054db9e9b5320c60c29d |
Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks have been reported to be associated with the transmission of SFTSV (Sun et al. 2014; Jiang et al. 2012; Yu et al. 2011). | background | Introduction | c68079dc32c215493a5cfccbe992423967c071b4 | c9325781a4474bd3cc8b2af8d4c3c1618b5dcc57 |
2008), if managed correctly it is likely the most biodiversity-friendly form of land use (Muchai 2002; Little et al. 2013). | background | Introduction | d388588cbc8aef4f1eba7b56f1571191370f6e75 | 7348e48de2ad238df345015c6b9c42830bee728b |
…(1994), Abramov and Zima (1996), Bronstein (2000), Schneider (2001, 2005c), simplifying the solutions by our advanced telescoping algorithms (Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) and taking the first 4 initial values of S(n) produces
S(n)= (−1)n n∑
i=1
(−3)i i
− (−1)n n∑
i=1
(−1)i i
+ 3n… | background | 7. Application 2: symbolic summation and the transcendence of sequences | 21c44db71f8965dd970ffa23bcda403fdb306aba | 7fa4f05dd489b6dd03065069f660c89328337e18 |
2010) or acting as a competitive inhibitor of MYB activators by sequestering bHLH proteins and therefore operating within the MBW complex (Aharoni et al. 2001; Paolocci et al. 2011; Matsui et al. 2008; Dubos et al. 2008; Albert et al. 2011), required to be investigated. | background | Discussion | 1299de4f6f7b52a81ab2612c75fd09982c21a2e7 | 34e5513017c555463409013e0f16af946348f7bf |
For each chemical dose and SAC ratio trial, the difference between the number escaping from treated and control test chambers; and the difference between KD or dead in mosquitoes that escaped and those that did not escape were analyzed using the Wilcoxon 2-sample test as previously described [26,28,39]. | method | Methods | 5c36667d88f08e1076e98a996cc0f01f8cd24055 | 6fc6d1958400cc4eefe77e0e073df57b7e9a1e20 |
We described that CD45 CD34þ progenitors from human WAT may promote breast cancer growth and metastases in preclinical models (5). | background | Introduction | 33faf9c0b0ea2292ec82800186ca82e54b087ecf | 3c5f1e4b17a53cc4636cb9994b1c12fa0a409a47 |
, Rockford, TN) (Geyer et al. 2005; Kastner et al. 2006) can also be deployed to investigate the in situ microbial community. | background | Methodology | 78115fa70942bfdc2a7aef0a32ba8977c023a8c1 | eed650a85abfbb941549598916dc871f793c6bd9 |
conserved extreme C-terminus that encodes a non-classic nuclear localization signal (NLS) recognized by transportin [14]. | background | Introduction | e2010a4da5383bf702241481447e9c2dd1c57bb5 | cf6401ae06ab9f566ef5b7f8c5be97ddef7f4f4a |
After the avian and mammalian lineages diverged, there were further tandem duplications of the π/ζ and αA lineages to produce more complex marsupial and eutherian ('placental') mammalian α-globin clusters, 5'-ζ-ψζ'-αD-ψα3-α2-α1-θ-3' (see [12,15-18]). | background | 50b2b14bdff972bdeca0d0db75d0f2cba5b2f99a | 997ec6defbf30d8dd41f32785fc8d0468ad2c15d | |
This could be explained by the requirement for specific spacers that match the invader DNA (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), and also by the existence in E. coli of alternative defence mechanisms that mask the action of CRISPR. | background | Targets of CRISPR/CAS systems | 0751ca9d7eb15f21e90374b6fcdc299948d2111e | 6520584cb0d400b610e60c6195c0abb66cf7de11 |
In previous studies, we reported that dilatation of pial arterioles in response to agonists that stimulate the synthesis/release of nitric oxide is profoundly impaired during acute exposure to high concentrations of alcohol and during chronic (2–3 mo) alcohol consumption (22, 23). | background | 45b494f982aa56b15771b334ec617d684008665d | f76b021b2e67dc2482230be64f5a8869835a2b78 | |
…be widely distributed in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, Portugal, Thailand and Venezuela (Crous et al. 2006, 2007b; Hunter et al. 2006; Whyte et al. 2005) and it is also considered a primary pathogen that can affect as much as 70% of the foliage of susceptible trees (Whyte et al.… | background | 4 Discussion | e630311c0ca0d19549bd0959fedd924d929fba85 | 2cb9f88cf6425013c7c976fbb8b65bcbbff0d7e9 |
We also suggest that our MP framework is a more accurate depiction of epidemiological findings supporting the core group hypothesis (Rothenberg 1983; Potterat et al. 1985; Zenilman et al. 1999; Bernstein et al. 2004), and resolves some of the prior ambiguity about what constitutes the core group for STI transmission (T... | result | 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION | 48793a345eacc733e0e3dd51cb0cafd56baf101f | 990f0494d4f46e43bdb76415e8524ce591902792 |
However, the social systems of their sister group, the Eupleridae, remain poorly studied (Brooke et al. 2014; Schneider and Kappeler 2014). | background | Introduction | da2a80ac34255bd566db0fcb01f9a4d0877cc43d | 1fd9bb3fda0dae1ee2d5495072456b6c64f3fdc2 |
Pain catastrophising was measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [26], a 13-item scale that measures the participant’s expression of worry and excessive focus on negative aspects of the painful situation, expectations of negative outcomes and the inability to cope effectively with pain [27]. | method | METHODOLOGY | f6a2fb175a1aed890e99d5f15a58f3f8c5c4f623 | 103bcb09e95d25d1aab0e94cb455f925568728a7 |
The number of core eukaryotic genes present in the assembly was assessed using CEGMA (Parra et al. 2007) through the iPLANT Discovery Environment interface (https://de.iplantcollaborative.org/de/) and gene predictions were obtained using AUGUSTUS v. 3.0.2 with Coprinopsis cinerea gene models (Stanke et al. 2008). | method | METHODs | 15262f45fcad8500d22e5bb5e0277e873d18f4a4 | 734af93e3ab11ab491b087eb2dedabd2eb02e370 |
In 1966, Lotter et al. described the prevalence of ASD in England as 4/10 000 for children aged 8–10 years (Lotter 1966). | background | Introduction | d22e781fc708567ae85781190c26cdd2a89ca5fd | 55ff17eba1d9e452dfc60f0a6792ed24d2dcac1a |
This paper examines these problems by evolving the PCL (Pictorial Computing Laboratory) model presented in [8, 9] for WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers) environments [17]. | method | 1 Introduction | c5cd91167a110b0d6483b9dc5b951a5bb7d1b496 | b1e812f54dc615cf1d757f542c3a100356b64653 |
Hence, pulmonary function in patients with severe scoliosis was seriously diminished, which can increase the risk of corrective surgery and affect the patient’s daily activities, growth and development and appearance [33]. | background | Discussion | 5061335d4b529a0222676443450c215cf2ec17e5 | 1e68bc018157a323cba632c8900a0a2abc2559d4 |
Evidence from animal studies point in this direction, demonstrating that vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin secretion [32,33]. | result | Discussion | 89191d39d6143c0cb31b0538a157db4852f02cca | 8db70b7399d683c9a28d9bc9e797c917f2c8b8a2 |
After the slow phase of cellularization, the network shifts into a fast phase of rapid furrow ingression and membrane addition is targeted to an apicolateral location (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000). | background | INTRODUCTION | cf43ab7995bb90d374fddcf917685ae5c757c13f | c0e9eaec2955cf840c040baae65c4a25f1f6f126 |
In contrast to earlier studies (Harcourt et al. 1981; Kappeler 1997a), most data included here stem from wild populations. | result | Results | 6c0d40cfabb567805bef3f50b7af4549e66019fd | 98cc989e358d6ff824272048e1030fda47e6e544 |
On the other hand, clique-perfect graphs are not necessarily perfect, answering a question formulated in [11]. | background | 1. Introduction | b8bffa786710b52c95201796bade07fc2ad3f38d | 0049b630e0bf4b14e76e36615c33aed0c39c3dd9 |
Several lines of evidence suggest that REIC down-regulation in cancers is caused by promoter methylation (Ding et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2009; Veeck et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2010). | method | Wei Wang1,5, Wan Zhu1, Xiao-yan Xu1, Xiao-cui Nie1, Xue Yang1, | a3cba5d29df80efd4f170bcd0aa54e39da55f7cd | bbd008307470cbf651e37f03fc803c789fc3c35f |
Laboratory analysis and main outcome measures Antibodies to the vaccine strain A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) and to the seasonal influenza vaccine strains A/NewCaledonia/ 20/1999 and A/Brisbane/59/2007 were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay, according to standard methods [8]. | method | Methods | 86222b120e2272aa96b7131816934920144c28c2 | ce314bb61cca2bd29c2fe07a5cbea0f8349b681b |
Consistent with previous reports (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014), we found that overexpressing INF2 A149 resulted in significant shortening of mitochondria (Figure 6C,E; A149 alone). | result | Results | 929a7548464ce1d9d785abbe35da34842c0133e6 | 21096eb950bdff77308ad3924d69b681589bdc91 |
A fifth link type, the kinocilial link, connects the kinocilium, when present, to the adjacent stereocilia (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003). | background | Introduction | b38a9735318cf86573a8c3bbdd58747527e6d3b1 | f05330eb7b43478aca0790b843a4d6ffb3043a94 |
During the same recording session, the children participated in an EEG recording with three to four stimulus sequences with background noise [48]. | method | EEG recording | dcf8d84ec8fb8af5fc41063941184ff61bf91ed0 | 862d91f67019d341097b248d3aada94bf1588162 |
Joint based generators use a two-step pipeline [4,14]; or applying a joint model for both tasks [19,22]. | method | 1 Introduction | 823a49c10ce0e05613afbe8bbda7b7219e43d2c5 | 4448616a83a88c54e1ffddf0390716630f9a4b70 |
Interpersonal problems are a crucial feature of borderline personality disorder and underlie other straining characteristics of the disease, such as self-harming behavior, affective dysregulation, and impaired social functioning in the longterm course (BPD; Stiglmayr et al., 2005; Gunderson, 2007; Zanarini et al., 2007... | background | INTRODUCTION | 885ad63d83d02f267459f6b393c86dfb93949f85 | 31c52271ea827ad7c67d35cd4742302fd3026af7 |
…building on the basic elements the Fisher-Ford test have been proposed by Templeton (1974), Schaffer et al. (1977), Gibson et al. (1979), Wilson (1980), Watterson (1982), Waples (1989b), De Koeyer et al. (2001), Goldringer and Bataillon (2004), Wisser et al. (2008), and Sandoval-Castellanos (2010). | background | Allele-frequency Change Over a Times Series: The Fisher-Ford Test | 40ccf7059262c999d1b8c3f8ca468316001ff1b1 | 3d416fbb0b0a48367c9b499c095f9058f2f26efd |
C33-I (Auersperg, 1964), HeLa (Puck et al., 1958), CaSki (Patillo, 1977) and SiHa (Friedl et al., 1979) cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium supplemented with 10~ foetal calf serum. | method | METHODS | bbdbf9acde4eb6c3aafa5479addf9c4d8e650d7f | 9c5a16e5413a7de8ea665f46250eb669534477ca |
…or species’means and treated analytically as measurement error (Careau et al. 2008), but researchers have since demonstrated that individual differences in baseline metabolic rate can persist over the lifetime of individuals (Nespolo and Franco 2007; Burton et al. 2011; White et al. 2013). | background | Introduction | dd6f9597ac01d02d6447febeb50e4ea3ff425661 | 99bb77767322f5b90e426a2af4c5d9cf0cda1ac1 |
1% SDS and 1% Triton X-100 and processed for Western blot analysis as described previously (21). | background | MATERIALS AND METHODS | 937444dc1ba977382b4c92eb9eab8518401fe154 | 156fb7b12ac3780dc3135685202f9ca520b99d21 |
This approach was used to minimize the contribution of each individual patient sample to the set of significantly altered genes [51]. | method | Microarray data analyses | 547a3adcfbae8c153a73abfbfde283e8af063b6a | b5532d24d8fd7c985be793c4654152b14df85dbf |
, 1995) and in vitro (Fellous and Sejnowski, 2000), and their spike timing reliably shifts forward along the u-cycle phase during spatial behavior of the animals (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993). | background | RESULTS | 39b24149276ea5eb525fc2566edf48aa1b9801f3 | 1d802bf1dbad5e2eeba97982a53a3504b41d9e71 |
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