tbg-kit: synthetic ownership network of Thai-style business groups

Synthetic data. Every company, person, ticker and number here is fictional, generated by tbg-kit (python -m tbg synth, seed 42). It mimics the structure of Thai public disclosures so the pipeline can be tested and taught; it says nothing about real Thai firms or people. Any resemblance of a generated name to a real person or company is coincidental.

Companion dataset to the software tbg-kit and the working paper Mapping Thailand's Business Groups: Ownership, Control, and the Finance-Business Nexus (Thanatchon Chongmankhong). It contains one complete run of the pipeline on the synthetic world: the raw inputs as extraction leaves them, the resolved ownership network, and the analysis (ultimate owners, business groups, pyramids, bank–group links). Explore the same network online: https://thanatchon36.github.io/tbg-kit/explorer.html.

Summary

• 12,063 entities: 527 listed firms, 7,244 companies, 3,485 persons in 2,783 families, 782 foreign companies
• 13,267 ownership edges and 3,019 board seats
• 421 multi-firm business groups, 46 with several listed firms
• At the 20% threshold, 63% of listed firms are family-controlled, 17% widely held, 4% state, 12% unresolved

Files

Path	Rows	Content
data/raw/universe/listed_companies.csv	527	Listed companies (SET + mai style universe)
data/raw/shareholders/top10.csv	5,158	Top-10 shareholder registers
data/raw/subsidiaries/extracted.csv	9,419	Subsidiary tables as extracted from One Reports
data/raw/directors/directors.csv	3,026	Board members
data/raw/dbd/boj5.csv	171	BOJ.5 shareholder lists of private holding companies
data/raw/fi/fi_licenses.csv	58	Financial-institution licences
data/raw/gleif/th_entities.csv	58	GLEIF legal entities
data/raw/gleif/relationships.csv	42	GLEIF parent relationships
data/manual/seeds.yaml		Group labels (labels only)
data/processed/entities.csv	12,063	Resolved entities: companies, persons, families, funds
data/processed/holdings.csv	13,267	Ownership edges after entity resolution
data/processed/board_seats.csv	3,019	Person–company board seats
data/processed/parent_links.csv	42	Financial-group and GLEIF parent links
data/processed/person_family.csv	3,485	Person → family assignment
results/ultimate_owners.csv	25,548	Ultimate owner, control and cash-flow rights per firm and threshold
results/control_pairs.csv	40,204	All owner–firm pairs with control and cash-flow rights
results/groups.csv	544	Business groups with size, depth, wedge, market value
results/group_members.csv	8,852	Group membership of every entity
results/group_ties.csv	3,603	Shared directors and cross-ownership between groups
results/fi_nexus.csv	766	Bank group ↔ business group links
results/cycles.csv	3	Cross-holding cycles
results/robustness.csv	27	Results under alternative thresholds and settings
results/summary.json		Headline numbers used in the paper

Load

from datasets import load_dataset
uo = load_dataset("thanatchon36/tbg-kit", "ultimate_owners", split="train")
holdings = load_dataset("thanatchon36/tbg-kit", "holdings", split="train")

Key definitions

• holdings.pct: direct ownership of owner in owned, in percent. Edges come from SET top-10 registers, One Report subsidiary tables, DBD BOJ.5 lists, Pillar 3 reports and manual input (source).
• ultimate_owners: per firm and control threshold (10%, 20%, 50%), the ultimate owner uo_id, control rights cr (block-wise weakest link), cash-flow rights cf (M(I−M)⁻¹), wedge = cr − cf, chain depth and pyramid flags.
• groups / group_members: business groups around each ultimate owner at the 20% threshold.
• fi_nexus: links between bank groups and business groups through ownership, shared directors and fund holdings.

Reproduce

git clone https://github.com/thanatchon36/tbg-kit && cd tbg-kit
make setup && make hf        # writes this folder to dist/hf/

SHA256SUMS lists the checksum of every file.

License and citation

Data: CC BY 4.0. Software: MIT. Cite the software with its CITATION.cff (DOI on Zenodo).