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tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d04.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,15.16],[15.28,22.8],[22.92,30.52],[30.64,34.8]],"texts":["One polity controlled by these people was defeated at the Battle of Dongola, who had earlier taken the land from the Funj Sultanate.","Before a battle in which these people lost, the opposing general apocryphally said, \"forty centuries look down upon you\" to rally his troops and defeat the forces of Murad and Ibrahim Bey.","An Albanian mercenary seized power by tricking the leaders of this people into trap during the Massacre of the Citadel; that ruler was Muhammad Ali.","Another leader of these people, Qutuz, won the Battle of Ain Jalut against the Mongols, but was overthrown by another leader of these people called Baibars.","For 10 points, name these former rules of Egypt who were descended from Turkish slaves."]}

tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e04.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.24],[12.36,25.4],[25.52,28.24],[28.36,31.84],[31.96,36.96]],"texts":["This structure houses the protein alpha-L-iduronidase, whose mutation causes intellectual and growth delays in Hurler syndrome.","The protein PCSK9 binds to LDL receptors, forcing them to ultimately go to these structures.","An autosomal recessive disease due to buildup of GM2 ganglioside is caused by a mutation in this structure's enzyme hexosaminidase A. Precursors to enzymes destined for this organelle undergo N-linked glycosylation with mannose-6-phosphate.","This organelle fuses with late endosomes.","This organelle's \"storage disorders\" include Tay-Sachs disease.","For 10 points, name this organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules."]}

tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f04.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.24],[12.36,16.44],[16.56,21.08],[21.2,25.84],[25.96,32.76],[32.88,37.24]],"texts":["In this modern-day country, numerous clay tablets and the palace of king Zimri-Lim were found at the ancient site of Mari.","This country's Kurkh Monolith, recounting the Battle of Qarqar, attests to the existence of a historical King Ahab.","An ancient Greek name for this region called it \"hollow,\" or \"Coele\".","The Roman province with this name was merged with one to the south after the Bar Kokhba revolt.","Queen Zenobia founded a breakaway state of the Roman Empire in this country's city of Palmyra.","This country's present-day capital was famous for producing intricately-patterned steel, and was the seat of power of the Umayyad caliphs.","For 10 points, name this modern-day country home to Aleppo and Damascus."]}

tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5804.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.76],[3.88,11.52],[11.64,19.4],[19.52,26.12],[26.24,29.36],[29.48,32.64]],"texts":["One leader of this country initiated \"Operation Drive out the Filth\".","That leader urged conciliation toward his country's minorities in a speech in English, then added \"we will crush the snakes\" in his native language.","This country was the site of guerrilla campaigns called chimurengas, and one of the less violent leaders of this country's independence movement was Archbishop Abel Muzorewa.","This country awarded the farms of its white community to \"war veterans\", then saw its agricultural productivity precipitously drop.","Another independence leader in this country was Joshua Nkomo.","For Ten Points, name this country currently led by Robert Mugabe."]}

tossups/04/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8804.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,14.28],[14.4,23.32],[23.44,30.12],[30.24,36.8],[36.92,41.8]],"texts":["In Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, the narrator remembers secretly eating this food in class behind the cover of a large World Geography book.","The narrator later compares his love for this food to Bledsoe's \"shameless\" love for chitterlings and purchases another two of them, though one turns out to be frostbitten.","In Omeros, Philoctete grows a garden of this food and later destroys his entire harvest of it to show his ancestors what \"it's like without roots in the world.\" In a short story,","a lowly red-nosed samurai sees his craving for a soup of this food disappear after he accompanies Toshihito on a trip to his mansion.","Nwoye is chastised by Okonkwo because he is unable to properly grow this food, which titles an Akutagawa short story.","For 10 points, name this most important crop grown in Umuofia, a sweet-potato like vegetable."]}

tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae504.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,11.76],[11.88,18.64],[18.76,24.76],[24.88,30.64],[30.76,37.76],[37.88,43.08]],"texts":["This composer's Piano Concerto Number 1 quotes Maria! hilf doch mir, a church song from Tyrol.","Pearl Jam typically opens concerts by playing a solo piano piece by this composer titled \"Metamorphosis Two\".","The second movement of this composer's Piano Concerto Number 2 begins with a duet between the soloist and a Native American flute.","Orange Mountain Music has produced many works by this composer of the album Solo Piano, including his Concerto Project.","Works by Lucinda Childs and Christopher Knowles feature in an opera by this composer whose three sections,","titled \"Train,\" \"Trial,\" and \"Spaceship,\" are demarcated by intermezzi in which solfege syllables are chanted, called \"knee plays\".","For 10 points, name this minimalist composer whose Portrait Trilogy includes Einstein on the Beach."]}

tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae604.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,13.28],[13.4,20.4],[20.52,23.72],[23.84,30.32],[30.44,35.0],[35.12,42.12]],"texts":["A professor of this academic field wanders Berlin in an ongoing solo play by Jack Fry.","In another play, a professor of this academic field states \"Christian reaches for the life-buoy\" as his wife Margarethe recalls her son drowning.","In a third play, two men in this field staying at a place called \"The Cherry Tree\" argue about the Kreutzer Sonata before revealing they are spies,","but are trapped by the scheming psychiatrist Mathilde von Zahnd.","In the play Arcadia, a question about \"carnal embrace\" prompts Thomasina to argue that sex contradicts this field's laws.","Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen dramatizes a meeting of two men in this field about nuclear power.","For 10 points, name this title scientific field of a Friedrich Durrenmatt play whose characters include \"Newton\" and \"Einstein\"."]}

tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae704.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,10.72],[10.84,17.0],[17.12,27.12],[27.24,34.72],[34.84,39.56]],"texts":["A character created by this author attempts to sell tapestries given to her husband's family by Louis XV.","In another novel by this author, a character sends his wife lilies-of-the-valley and another woman yellow roses.","This author created a character who divorces the aristocrat Raymond de Chelles to remarry the newly rich Elmer Moffatt.","A novel by this author opens at an opera that Missus Manson Mingott is too obese to attend, and ends 25 years later when its protagonist sits on a bench instead of visiting his former love interest.","This author targeted Manhattan society in a novel in which May announces her pregnancy, ending the romance between Ellen Olenska and Newland Archer.","For 10 points, name this author of The Custom of the County and The Age of Innocence."]}

tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae904.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,9.72],[9.84,14.24],[14.36,20.92],[21.04,27.6],[27.72,33.28],[33.4,40.24]],"texts":["This quantity is cubed in the denominator of the dimensionless Bejan number for fluid pressure loss.","A term for this quantity appears to the two-thirds power in the Manning formula for open channel flows.","The inverse fourth power of this quantity appears in the equation for Hagen-Poiseuille flow.","Relative pipe roughness is divided by 3.7 times this quantity in the Colebrook-White equation for finding the Darcy friction factor.","The product of this quantity and mean fluid velocity is divided by kinematic viscosity to calculate the Reynolds number.","Volumetric flow rate is proportional to the product of fluid velocity, pi, and the square of this quantity.","For 10 points, name this one-dimensional quantity whose constriction results in increased fluid speeds, such as in a hose nozzle."]}

tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed04.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,12.52],[12.64,21.0],[21.12,29.68],[29.8,35.68]],"texts":["The Hasegawa-Mima equation assumes length scales are large in the direction of this vector quantity.","The pitch angle between particle velocity and this quantity is used to define a loss cone, and R and L waves propagate parallel to it.","Guiding center drift velocity is proportional to force cross this quantity, and plasmas frequently have different temperatures parallel to this quantity and perpendicular to it.","Cyclotron frequency is equal to the charge to mass ratio times this quantity's magnitude, and Ampere's law gives its curl in terms of the current density and displacement current.","The Lorentz force is equal to charge times velocity crossed with, for 10 points, what vector quantity measured in teslas?"]}

tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738904.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,10.12],[10.24,13.84],[13.96,21.6],[21.72,27.92],[28.04,33.76],[33.88,39.2],[39.32,42.76],[42.88,49.96],[50.08,55.12]],"texts":["During a siege, this city was reportedly defended by a trained war lion, felled in one blow by Hashim at Bahrseer.","Shortly after being captured, this city was given back by the first Peace of Nisibis.","Ammianus Marcellinus claims that its \"founder\" was Vardanes.","In a battle named for this city, the usurper Procopius failed to execute a pincer attack, forcing his cousin to retreat and be killed by a flying spear.","The last remaining monument of this city, its White Palace, contains the largest vault in the world, a massive brick arch.","This city was known by Arabs as \"al- Mada'in\" or \"the cities\" due to its many suburbs,","one of which was sarcastically dubbed \"better than Antioch,\" while another was home to the patriarch of the Nestorian church.","Before dying in Samarra, Julian the Apostate tried to conquer this city.","This city, located across from Seleucia on the Tigris, was the capital of Shapur II and his Sassanid Empire.","For 10 points, name this ancient city that, along with Susa, was also a capital of Parthia."]}

tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,14.96],[15.08,22.32],[22.44,26.08],[26.2,33.8],[33.92,41.28]],"texts":["This character trips on a sidewalk crack while contemplating dandelions after buying three cents' worth of Mary Jane candies from Mister Yacobowski's store.","The sight of this character scratching the back of her calf with her toe while washing dishes reminds another character of how his wife did the same thing when they met.","This character has a cat thrown at her face by Louis Junior and is tricked into feeding poisoned meat to a dog with pus in its eyes by the \"spiritual advisor\" Soaphead Church.","This character is driven insane after being raped by her father Cholly.","Early in the novel, this character drinks several quarts of milk in order to see Shirley Temple's face at the bottom of a cup after being sent to live with the MacTeers.","For 10 points, name this character whose desire to be white leads her to fantasize about having the titular symbol of beauty in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye."]}

tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,9.92],[10.04,15.68],[15.8,25.4],[25.52,30.56],[30.68,37.32],[37.44,43.88]],"texts":["During warfare, local tribes on this island hid their women on a certain hill, but after they returned one day to get them and found only red plants symbolizing blood,","that area was dubbed the Forbidden Plateau.","The natives of this island surrendered their land by the Douglas Treaties, named for the governor who set up a base here at Esquimalt.","This island, once named in honor of Juan Bodega y Quadra, is home to the Upper Triassic Karmutsen Formation, which creates the Insular Mountain range and its highest peak, the Golden Hinde.","The construction of Fort Camosun on this island occurred after three conventions here resolved the Nootka Crisis.","This island, home to Royal Roads University, sits to the west of the Discovery Islands, and is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Georgia.","For 10 points, name this island north of the Juan de Fuca Strait, which shares its name with the largest city in British Columbia."]}

tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408104.json

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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.24],[9.36,14.04],[14.16,22.76],[22.88,31.88],[32.0,41.08],[41.2,42.56]],"texts":["A character in this novel compares life to the wheel at Luna Park, dividing people into static and dynamic types, and also claims the purpose of architecture is to remove all humanity from a building.","King's Thursday is rebuilt as a modernist monstrosity by that man, Otto Silenus.","Another character in this novel, identified as Arnold Bennett when seen in a Rolls Royce, claims to be a ship magnate who shot a Portuguese count, or a retired gentleman thief.","The conman Sir Solomon Philbrick appears in this work, which sees the protagonist arrested for unknowingly trafficking prostitutes to South America on the day of his wedding to Margot Beste-Chetwynde.","For 10 points, identify this novel about a man sent down for indecent behavior at Scone College, who then ends up at Llanabba Castle as a schoolmaster and is named Paul Pennyfeather,","a work by Evelyn Waugh."]}

tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408204.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.48],[10.6,20.08],[20.2,25.28],[25.4,33.24],[33.36,40.08]],"texts":["Antenna pigments like deazaflavin or MTHF enhance the rate of F-A-D-H-minus-mediated reversal of this process by photolyases, and XerCD reverses this process in chromosomes in E. coli.","Attempting to conduct a bimolecular elimination of hydrogen bromide from 3-bromocyclopentene will cause this to happen via the Diels-Alder reaction as 1,3-butadiene is formed.","DNA-binding enzymes that display this characteristic typically have palindromic binding sites.","In substituted ethylenes, the formation of these involves diradical intermediates, and the simplest carboxylic acids exist in this form in solution.","For 10 points, name this phenomenon exhibited by two identical molecules binding to each other to produce the smallest type of polymer."]}

tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76904.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.08],[4.2,10.68],[10.8,15.4],[15.52,21.6],[21.72,29.04],[29.16,34.8]],"texts":["An essay collection with this title, which includes takedowns of Mad Men and Spider-Man:","Turn Off the Dark among other \"essays from the classics to pop culture,\" was written by noted UVA classics alum Daniel Mendelsohn.","The protagonist of a novel with this title repeatedly dreams of a faceless girl building a snow castle.","In that novel of this title, the protagonist passes out giving oil rubs to a naked, scarred girl he keeps in his house.","The line \"They were, those people, a kind of solution\" concludes a poem of this title shared by a novel pitting the Magistrate against Colonel Joll.","For 10 points, give this title of a Constantin Cavafy poem later used for a novel by J. M. Coetzee."]}

tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,10.08],[10.2,16.12],[16.24,23.64],[23.76,28.16],[28.28,35.48],[35.6,41.08]],"texts":["Fibrosis or infiltration of this tissue causes the appearance of dacrocytes, or teardrop cells.","Azathioprine and parvovirus B19 can cause a dangerous suppression of this tissue.","One gigantic type of cell found in this tissue undergoes repeated endoreplication to become 32-ploid before fragmenting.","Mesenchymal stem cells are found in this tissue, and it is commonly collected via aspiration at the iliac crest, though that doesn't preserve its architecture.","In mice, this tissue is commonly ablated using ionizing radiation.","Transplantation of this tissue can sometimes cause a beneficial \"graft-versus-tumor\" phenomenon, and this tissue comes in red and yellow types.","For 10 points, name this tissue located in the epiphysis, which is the source of lymphocytes and red blood cells."]}

tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d104.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,10.76],[10.88,15.2],[15.32,20.2],[20.32,26.24],[26.36,31.08],[31.2,35.6]],"texts":["The propylthio version of this compound is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.","A derivative of this compound is administered with leucovorin in a common chemotherapy drug; that derivative is the 5-fluoro version.","This compound is synthesized via the decarboxylation of orotic acid.","Nirenberg showed that polymers composed exclusively of it code for peptides containing only phenylalanine.","The deamination of cytosine leads to this compound, a pseudo-version of which is present in tRNA.","Originally discovered in hydrolyzed herring sperm, this pyrimidine has two ketone groups.","For 10 points, name this base pair which replaces thymine in RNA and pairs with adenine."]}

tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d204.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,11.72],[11.84,21.56],[21.68,30.16],[30.28,36.48]],"texts":["One section of this work argues technology has turned man into a \"prosthetic god\" unhappy with life.","Another section describes memory with a metaphor of the different archeological layers of modern Rome while discussing a term coined by Romaine Rolland.","This work concludes by arguing that the history of mankind will be defined by the eternal struggle between \"Eros\" and \"Thanatos,\" building on the author's earlier book The Future of an Illusion.","This work argues \"the oceanic feeling\" of being in harmony with eternity is the source of religion and cites laws restricting rape as an example of society's repression.","For 10 points, name this book arguing man is unhappy because society represses the instincts of the individual, by Sigmund Freud."]}

tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75704.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,13.56],[13.68,20.24],[20.36,27.48],[27.6,32.16],[32.28,38.04]],"texts":["In 1979, this nation saw violent demonstrations after it attempted to raise the price of rice.","Those riots led to the downfall of this country's Tolbert administration in a coup orchestrated by a man who would later be tortured to death on television, Samuel Doe.","One military figure in this nation was Joshua Blahyri, better known as General \"Buck Naked,\" who believed he was invulnerable to bullets.","This country's regime attempted to assassinate Kimmie Weeks, who exposed the usage of child soldiers during its devastating civil war.","This country has recently issued war crimes indictments against former president Charles Taylor.","For 10 points, name this African nation with capital at Monrovia that was founded by freed American slaves."]}

tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75904.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.88],[10.0,15.08],[15.2,21.4],[21.52,30.32],[30.44,35.96]],"texts":["In one novel by this author, the protagonist engages in a night of drunken debauchery, which includes watching Love's Crucifixion at a cinema and meeting the call girl Olga Sologrub at the Miki Bar.","In addition to writing a novel about Eugene Hilliot's promotion to the engine room of the steamer Oedipus Tyrannus,","this author wrote a novel which climaxes with the protagonist's wife being run over by a horse with the number seven branded on its rump.","That novel begins with Jacques Laruelle remembering the protagonist, an alcoholic consul whose wife Yvonne runs away with his half-brother Hugh on the Day of the Dead in Mexico.","For 10 points, name this British author of Ultramarine who wrote about the death of Geoffrey Firmin in Under the Volcano."]}

tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75a04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,14.92],[15.04,22.72],[22.84,30.04],[30.16,36.64],[36.76,42.08]],"texts":["In his final years, this composer completed his Opus 73,","a set of seven \"moods\" for piano that includes the pieces \"Homage to Chopin\" and \"Night Ride.\" This composer adapted the melody of the halling for many of the twenty-five folksongs and dances that make up his Opus 17.","Simon Barere died while performing this composer's only piano concerto, which imitates the beginning of Schumann's piano concerto and is in A minor.","This composer included his works \"Arietta,\" \"March of the Dwarfs,\" and \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, in his collection of sixty-six short Lyric pieces.","This composer depicted the rising of the sun over the Sahara desert in \"Morning Mood,\" part of his incidental music to Peer Gynt.","For 10 points, name this composer of \"In the Hall of the Mountain King,\" a Romantic composer from Norway."]}

tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37804.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.92],[5.04,19.16],[19.28,23.72],[23.84,31.2],[31.32,38.0]],"texts":["There are two Senate elections on this state's 2012 ballot, with the same candidates running in each.","That Senate race features a rematch of a 2010 election in which the Republican candidate argued that the country needed to put \"a thousand lasers\" in the sky and issued a casting call for Philadelphia actors that \"look hicky.\" In this state's Democratic presidential primary,","Keith Judd won 42% of the vote despite living in a Texarkana, Texas jail.","This state's dissatisfaction with Barack Obama has led Democratic Governor Earl Ray Tomblin and Senator Joe Manchin to distance themselves from the President.","For 10 points, name this state whose 2012 Senate election oddity is a result of a 2010 Special Election following the death of Robert Byrd."]}

tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,15.16],[15.28,24.2],[24.32,30.4]],"texts":["One work by this man begins with the speaker bidding farewell to \"dungeons dark and strong.\" That work's chorus says that the title character \"played a spring and danced it round,","below the gallows-tree.\" The speaker of another poem by this man says that he will come again, \"tho' 'twere ten thousand mile,\" and says his love is \"like a red,","red rose.\" In another work by this author of \"McPherson's Farewell,\" the title character rides home on his grey mare Meg, who loses her tail after that character shouts \"Weel done,","Cutty Sark!\" For 10 points, \"Tam o' Shanter\" is a work of which Scottish poet who also wrote \"Auld Lang Syne\"?"]}

tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a33f04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,8.6],[8.72,12.56],[12.68,19.0],[19.12,22.88],[23.0,29.52],[29.64,33.96]],"texts":["This group's female members were encouraged by Emmeline Wells' magazine, the Woman's Exponent.","It was the target of the Poland Act and a non-land-grant-related Morrill Act.","The Senate threatened to expel Reed Smoot because of his membership in this group.","Members of this group slaughtered most of the Baker-Fancher wagon train from Arkansas in a September 11, 1857 attack.","It carried out the Mountain Meadows Massacre and proposed to create the State of Deseret.","This group moved west after having a headquarters at Nauvoo, Illinois, although its founder was killed by a mob before reaching Utah.","For 10 points, name this religious group led by Joseph Smith and Brigham Young."]}

tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a34004.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,10.4],[10.52,18.44],[18.56,23.32],[23.44,31.28],[31.4,35.72]],"texts":["Five grotesque objects of this kind appear in Magritte's painting The Black Flag.","Three cherubs gaze out of a framed window at the front of one of these objects in another artist's painting The Swan is Very Peaceful.","In an even creepier painting by that artist, two soldiers huddle together near a wounded comrade as one of these objects with human arms takes up a majority of the space.","Max Ernst painted the \"murdering\" variety of these objects, one of which explodes in Blam.","The text \"I pressed the fire control... and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky\" appears in a painting depicting combat between two of these vehicles.","For 10 points, name these vehicles which dogfight in Roy Lichtenstein's painting Whaam!"]}

tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,15.56],[15.68,17.96],[18.08,30.08],[30.2,37.52],[37.64,46.52],[46.64,51.76],[51.88,56.0]],"texts":["A philosophical article by Fred Feldman distinguished between the \"propositional\" and the \"sensory\" forms of this con-cept, and was titled \"Two Questions about\" this phenomenon.","In section 84 of A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that this concept cannot constitute the single rational end that is intended to guide deliberations.","In his Theory of Moral Senti-ments,","Adam Smith argued that nothing generates this phenomenon quite like observing in others \"a fellowfeeling with all the emotions of our own breast.\" Henry Sidgwick argued that the only thing that the various instances of this phenomenon had in common was that they were all desirable,","and thus proposed to defne a measure of this phenomenon in terms of in-dividual preferences in his The Methods of Ethics.","Robert Nozick's argument against utilitarianism relied on our purported hesitation to plug ourselves into an \"experience machine\" that produced this phenomenon in unlimited amounts.","Increasing the prevalence of this phenomenon was the basic idea behind Bentham's felicifc calculus.","For 10 points, identify this human emotion promoted by hedonistic philosophies."]}

tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96104.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,12.6],[12.72,20.16],[20.28,26.6],[26.72,30.28],[30.4,36.4],[36.52,38.92]],"texts":["A recently opened urban park in this city contains objects like a Thai boxing ring and a sign for Pennsylvania's Deangelis donuts.","That park in this city is divided into a red square, a black market, and a green park, and is named Superkilen.","After WWII, this city's metropolitan area was expanded via the \"Finger Plan,\" which spread its \"S-Train\" system and developed the Medicon Valley.","This city is home to a rococo building called the \"Marble Church\" as well as the Tivoli Gardens and the historic district of Indre By.","This city in the Oresund Region forms a metropolitan area with Malmo.","Located mainly on the island of Zealand, this city's harbor houses Edvard Eriksen's bronze statue of the Little Mermaid.","For 10 points, name this capital of Denmark."]}

tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96204.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,13.0],[13.12,18.24],[18.36,26.68],[26.8,33.32]],"texts":["A depiction of one of these animals was bizarrely found by John L. Stevens on a pillar at Copan in Mexico, although some have suggested it is in fact a macaw.","A chapter of the Qur'an named for one of these animals details how it prevented Abraham from invading Mecca,","whilst the skulls of small versions of these animals in Crete are believed to have been mistaken for those of Cyclopes.","It's not a reptile, but in Vedic mythology one of these animals was called maha-naga, or great snake, a sign in part of a shared association with India.","For 10 points, name this large animal, a white version of which, often with many heads, represents the sun in Buddhist Thailand."]}

tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.16],[7.28,12.6],[12.72,19.36],[19.48,23.36],[23.48,31.04],[31.16,36.16],[36.28,41.2]],"texts":["Pausanias claims that one member of this profession, an Euboean son of Crius,is the source of an alternative tradition for the name of Pythos.","In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Demeter pretends to be Dosos, a person wronged by people in this profession.","According to Apollodorus, a mistaken belief that Catreus was one of these people led his son Althaemenes to unknowingly slay him.","Its not swineherding, but Eumaeus was in Sidon when these people took him to Ithaca.","One person demanded the right to sing one last song from some of these people and ended up being rescued from them by the dolphins that he attracted; that man was Arion.","Dionysus turned some Tyrrhenian people in this profession into dolphins after using vines to fill up their boat.","For 10 points, name these people who often appear in children's stories making their captives walk the plank."]}

tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,8.92],[9.04,16.0],[16.12,19.52],[19.64,25.16],[25.28,32.0],[32.12,36.96],[37.08,41.96]],"texts":["This work inspired a series of multicolored copies by Jim Dine.","The placement and lighting on this work was criticized by Robert Ingersoll Aitkin in a controversial article,","while Pierre-Auguste Renoir called it \"A big gendarme.\" A depiction of this work with pompom-attached drawers was created by Salvador Dali,","who also put 28 copies of it into the Hallucinogenic Toreador.","The artist originally wrote a long inscription on the now-lost plinth of this work, which was discovered by a farmer.","This statue was theorized to originally contain a shield resting against the subject's thigh, which may explain its S-curve shape.","It is currently attributed to Alexandros of Antioch but was originally attributed to Praxiteles.","For 10 points, name this Greek statue currently housed in the Louvre of a woman with no arms."]}

tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,12.88],[13.0,19.12],[19.24,23.96],[24.08,31.6],[31.72,35.32],[35.44,40.44]],"texts":["This political policy was created largely as a reaction to one nation replacing its \"renten\" currency with another, in an effort by Ludwig Erhard to avoid hyperinflation.","To counteract this policy, Gail Halvorsen distributed chocolate and candy bars.","A response to this policy was created shortly after the end of the London Six-Power Conference and orchestrated by Lucius D. Clay.","By this policy, Tempelhof, Tegel, and Gatow were each allowed just one air corridor.","The city targeted by this policy had recently been divided into four quarters, the western three of which were controlled by France, the UK, and the US,","who responded to this policy with a huge airlift to its target city.","For 10 points, identify this policy in which the Soviet Union denied shipments to a German city."]}

tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,14.72],[14.84,16.6],[16.72,23.16],[23.28,29.84],[29.96,36.2]],"texts":["A \"great\" book of hours produced in this empire prescribes ending the day with a typica when liturgy is not performed.","A set of religious rules named for this empire require that incense be distributed at the beginning of all-night vigils; those rules require forgoing dairy and eggs, as well as meat,","during the four great fasts.","In an incident in this empire, a scholar named Barlaam accused others of heresy for defending the mystical practice of hesychasm.","The Christian \"rite\" named for this empire includes the feast of the Dormition and is used in the churches of Antioch, Georgia, Serbia, and Russia.","For 10 points, name this empire whose rulers lost the ability to appoint patriarchs in 1453 when Constantinople fell."]}

tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5806.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.84],[6.96,14.72],[14.84,18.44],[18.56,27.72],[27.84,33.08]],"texts":["One unit whose \"Nazdar\" regiment had fought in France fought to takecontrol of this structure and established the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly.","The original name of one of this structure's endpoints was Haishenwei, and the head of state responsible for building an offshoot of this structure said it would be built \"cleanly\",","which many interpreted as a signal that prisoner labor would not be used.","\"Green Ukraine\" declared its independence near the terminus of this structure, and during fighting along this structure, the Czech Legion captured a reserve of gold held by a government based in Omsk.","For ten points, name this structure, the largest of its type, which runs from Moscow to Vladivostok."]}

tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae506.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,11.16],[11.28,17.0],[17.12,26.56],[26.68,32.88],[33.0,39.44]],"texts":["Fifty years before the Salem witch trials, Mary Parsons and her husband were accused of witchcraft in this city.","Land for this city was purchased from the Agawam tribe by William Pynchon, ancestor of author Thomas Pynchon.","In a later event, Luke Day's message that his forces would be late in arriving to this city was intercepted by William Shepard.","This city's Watershops Pond was dammed in 1777 on the order of Henry Knox to make way for its best-known facility, which names the most popular Union Army rifle from the Civil War.","After marching from Northampton, disgruntled indebted farmers attempted to capture that facility in this city during Shays' Rebellion.","For 10 points, name this Massachusetts city home to a revolutionary-era armory, which shares its name with Illinois' capital."]}

tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae606.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,12.04],[12.16,17.96],[18.08,23.92],[24.04,31.76],[31.88,36.88],[37.0,41.56]],"texts":["This man posed in combat gear for a blue propaganda poster with the caption \"We're going to do our part...and we'll win because we're on God's side\".","During a visit to the White House, Franklin Roosevelt told this man \"we're going to need muscles like yours\".","He received an exemption to PGA rules to compete in the San Diego Open in 1952 at the encouragement of Jackie Robinson.","Jimmy Cannon quipped that this man was a \"credit...to the human race\" after an event held at Yankee Stadium.","During a period called the \"Bum of the Month Club,\" this man easily defended his title 13 times against such opponents as Arturo Godoy.","He was portrayed as America's champion against Nazi Germany during his two bouts with Max Schmeling.","For 10 points, name this African-American boxer known as the \"Brown Bomber\"."]}

tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae706.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,15.6],[15.72,21.28],[21.4,34.0],[34.12,37.76]],"texts":["A woman at one of these events has white cheeks \"mingled\" with \"streaks of red\" and has a chin that was stung by a bee.","Alfred, Lord Tennyson recounts one of these events in the epilogue to his poem \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" Each stanza in a poem about one of these events ends by saying \"Sweet Thames, run softly,","till I end my song.\" A character named for one of these events became a \"sadder and wiser man\" at the poem's end.","Edmund Spenser wrote about these events in poems titled \"Prothalamion\" and \"Epithalamion.\" A \"guest\" at one of these events listens to the title character's story about a sailor in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner.\" For 10 points,","name these events where love poems are often recited before making vows."]}

tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae906.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.28],[2.4,12.04],[12.16,21.52],[21.64,27.64],[27.76,33.64],[33.76,38.36]],"texts":["When Mount Ebih fails to bow to this deity,","this deity destroys the mountain with battering rams and an \"evil raging wind.\" This deity turns the earth's water into blood after being violated by Shukaletuda while resting under a poplar.","This goddess rejects the \"good milk\" and \"garments of new wool\" another figure offers in an account in which she initially \"prefers the farmer\" Enkimdu to her eventual husband.","This goddess later allows that husband, Dumuzid, to be taken to the underworld by Galla demons instead of her.","This goddess is stripped naked and afflicted with 60 diseases after descending to the underworld to see her sister Ereshkigal.","For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian fertility goddess whose worship was centered in Uruk."]}

tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,16.04],[16.16,20.08],[20.2,25.52],[25.64,35.52]],"texts":["People with this occupation intimidated bank agents in order to buy each other's foreclosed homes and give them back to their original owners in \"penny auctions.\" A shooting outside of a meeting of a \"Progressive\" union of people with this occupation was the first assignment for NAACP Field Secretary Walter White;","that meeting resulted in a white mob's massacre of African Americans in Elaine, Arkansas.","The Wabash case overturned a major policy victory for people with this occupation that had been achieved earlier via Munn v.","Illinois, which upheld the regulation of grain warehouses as a \"public good.\" For 10 points, give this occupation of people who organized under the Grange to agitate for agricultural reform."]}

tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738806.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,11.6],[11.72,22.4],[22.52,27.64],[27.76,35.44],[35.56,39.6],[39.72,44.4],[44.52,50.48]],"texts":["One conflict between these two countries intensified when a group of Welsh settlers migrated into the Lower Chubut Valley to start a colony called \"Y Wladfa.\" As a result,","these two countries signed the \"Pacts of May\" in 1902,","after their leaders had a publicized diplomatic meeting called the \"Embrace of the Straits.\" Agents for these countries took turns destroying lighthouses owned by the other side in a squabble called the Snipe Incident,","during which these two powers fought over a deserted territory between the islands of Picton and Navarino.","In order to prevent expansion of the other country, one of these nations launched a campaign called the \"Conquest of the Desert\" under General Julio Roca,","which the other side tried to thwart by providing arms to native Mapuche tribes.","One of these countries planned to invade the other in Operation Soberania, which was part of the Beagle Conflict.","For 10 points, name these nations ruled by Salvador Allende and Jorge Videla, which often fought over the Patagonia."]}

tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738906.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,15.12],[15.24,21.68],[21.8,30.44],[30.56,34.88],[35.0,42.12],[42.24,48.64]],"texts":["Michael Carr analyzed 98 phrases involving this concept in a certain language, and classified them on whether they had a positive or negative context.","Power distance is an aspect of the \"orientation\" of this concept, one of five core taxonomies of Stella Ting-Toomey's theory of negotiations named for this concept.","Stephen Levinson's politeness theory posits positive and negative forms of this concept, threats to which are warded off by politeness.","Erving Goffman discussed avoidant and corrective processes in an article on this concept, subtitled \"An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction.\" In The Gift,","Mauss discussed the word q'elsem, which is analogous to this in Kwakiutl culture.","Honor, dignity, and this concept can be used to classify cultures, and this concept and shame are emphasized in collectivist cultures.","For 10 points, name this concept prevalent in Chinese culture, which can be thought of as one's sense of worth due to their status."]}

tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,15.0],[15.12,22.36],[22.48,27.08],[27.2,33.4],[33.52,39.76],[39.88,44.48]],"texts":["After being threatened with execution, Adam Sedbar agreed to support this movement, and as a result the site of Jervaulx was later demolished.","The Oath of the Honorable Man was taken by members of this movement, including John Bulmer and his wife Margaret Cheyney, who became known as Pretty Peg.","After this movement forced the surrender of Pontefract Castle, its leaders drew up the \"Commons Petition,\" also known as its 24 Articles.","This movement successfully recruited Thomas Darcy, who funded the design of its flag,","a red banner called the \"Five Wounds of Christ.\" The leaders of this movement were nearly granted amnesty until the revolt of Francis Bigod.","This revolt, led by the one-eyed Robert Aske, was an organized response to the dissolution of the monasteries under Thomas Cromwell.","For 10 points, name this Yorkshire-based rebellion in 1536 against Henry VIII."]}

tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,13.6],[13.72,18.24],[18.36,24.6],[24.72,30.32],[30.44,34.76],[34.88,41.92]],"texts":["In a letter, Rainer Maria Rilke wrote that these works are \"pre-occupied with themselves\" because of their use of white.","An early one of these works was rejected by the Salon for using a black background and was painted in the \"ballsy\" or \"couillarde\" manner characteristic of its artist.","An unusual one of these works includes a medallion made by the artist's friend Philippe Solari.","The Courtauld Institute in London contains one of these paintings depicting a statue of cupid with no arms that is made out of plaster.","In the last years of the artist's life, several of these paintings were created depicting three or more skulls stacked on top of each other.","These works include Bread and Eggs, Pyramid of Skulls, and The Basket of Apples.","For 10 points, name these paintings of commonplace subjects created by a French Post-Impressionist also known for his depictions of Mount Saint-Victoire."]}

tossups/06/62df3ddba2602b93e0408206.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.72],[7.84,11.92],[12.04,21.32],[21.44,27.12],[27.24,31.56],[31.68,37.44]],"texts":["His Florentine agent, Naldo Nadi, prepared a catalogue of the works in his library, which would be bolstered by his marriage to Beatrice of Aragon, who had her own collection.","His uncle was sawed in half and the plague took his intended first wife as well as his father.","Nevertheless he consolidated power by raising a large army, the fekete sereg, and proceeded on a series of conquests, including the capture of the capital of his western neighbor Frederick III.","After concluding a peace with his father-in-law George Podebrad, he would eventually be defeated by the Moldavian Stephen III.","He had already become king of Bohemia and his own country by his 1490 death.","For 10 points, identify this son of John Hunyadi, a king of Hungary named for the raven on his coat-of-arms."]}

tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76906.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.16],[4.28,8.88],[9.0,15.2],[15.32,21.8],[21.92,25.44],[25.56,33.24],[33.36,40.0]],"texts":["An attack on Chinese workers by this group prompted a firefight in Waza National Park.","Another action by this group sparked a ban on the use of motorcycles in the town of Maiduguri.","A splinter group that opposes this organization carried out a prison break at the Special Anti-Robbery Squad headquarters and is called the Vanguard.","This group was responsible for a shooting at the Deeper Life Center and recently detonated two car bombs bombs in Jos.","A leader of this group, who uses an alias referring to the oneness of God,","appeared in a video stating that \"slavery is allowed in my religion\" after an event that inspired the #BringBackOurGirls hashtag campaign.","For 10 points, name this group which kidnapped several hundred schoolgirls in April 2014, and is a militant Islamic group in Nigeria."]}

tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,11.64],[11.76,20.36],[20.48,26.8],[26.92,32.64]],"texts":["This character is laughed at after trying to express \"mankind's essential illness\" by asking, \"What's the dirtiest thing there is?\" After helping some children pick fruit,","this character admires the butterflies and flowers in a secluded clearing.","This character faints after imagining that he is \"in the mouth\" of a figure who calls him a \"poor, misguided boy.\" This character is killed amid shouts of \"Cut his throat!","Spill his blood!\" after bringing news about a dead parachutist, and his body is surrounded by glowing fish as it floats out of the lagoon.","For 10 points, name this Christ-like boy who is murdered by Jack's followers in William Golding's Lord of the Flies."]}

tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d106.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.72],[2.84,6.92],[7.04,13.48],[13.6,19.24],[19.36,25.52],[25.64,29.56],[29.68,35.8]],"texts":["The Karlsruhe experiment tested this using sodium.","Glatzmaier and Roberts developed the first self-consistent model for studying this theory.","A similar theory in astronomy was shown to be possible by Eugene N. Parker by overcoming issues raised by Cowling's anti-theory of this.","It gives rise to alpha and omega effects One issue in modeling this is heat flow across the CMB.","Proposed mechanisms for the required energy include the freezing of deposited materials and decay of radioactive isotopes.","The velocity needed for this to work is dependent on the magnetic Reynold's number.","For 10 points, name this theory that Earth's magnetic field is caused by moving, electrical conductive fluid in the outer core."]}