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The light emitted from the moon reflects off the snow instead of being absorbed by less reflective colors. Snow has some of the highest albedo (reflection coefficient) of all materials. A higher albedo means more light is reflected than absorbed. Worn asphalt averages around .12; fresh snow hits .8 to .9. Under a blank... |
Back in the day--maybe pre-1990s?--year-round fresh (not frozen, not concentrate) OJ was not as common and was more expensive. Then, some great new process was devised and it became more common and cheaper. With the new process, it's squeezed, then stored in vats for months at a time. This process caused it to lose fla... |
The green is the colour of the solder mask, which is a layer on top of the yellowish fiberglass base and the copper traces. Green is a nice contrasting colour with the traditional white of the silkscreen, which makes text easy to read. Solder mask without many or any pigments added will look a little greenish because o... |
Government debt is complicated, but I'll try my best to ELY5. When the US government spends more than it takes in, it issues treasury bonds to help cover the cost. Anybody can buy these bonds. Citizens, banks, foreign governments, even the US government (more on this later)! The bond basically says "I promise to pay 30... |
There is a tube that connects your throat to your middle ear called a eustachian tube. This tube is squeezed together the majority of the time but when you chew, yawn, swallow, etc. it opens in order to equalize the pressure in your ear with the surrounding air pressure. This is why chewing gum on an airplane helps to ... |
Additionally, bread doesn't have a lot of mass compared to its size. It is more like a sponge when you look at its structure. So when you compare its size and weight to "non-hollow" food, you need little energy to heat it up. |
The simple answer is that AM/FM is an analog signal, which you can "kind of" pick up. Think of analog as a scale of 100-0 with the quality increasing or decreasing as you move from the transmitter. Satellite radio is a digital signal. Think 1 or 0. It's either there, or it's not. The same holds true for satellite TV, w... |
They are often a monopoly and have really bad customer support. So their prices are too high for what you get and when there is a problem with their equipment it's hard to get them to fix it. Basically have to take a whole day off work. They also lobby to keep competitors out, are against net neutrality and enforce dat... |
Doctor here, prepare for disappointment (that's how I start all clinic visits, btw). The disappointing thing is that this isn't well understood. That said, there are still some interesting things to think about so let's begin. There are two very different broad categories that could explain what is happening: 1) Emotio... |
Oh i know why Greenland is called Greenland! Erik the Red was exiled there from Iceland. He wanted to develop the Island more with communities and people and such. But it was a rather barren icy place, so he called it Greenland in order to attract more people there. Greenland is huge compared to Iceland, it's also exte... |
It's a response to danger. The different parts of your brain can be very bad at communicating with each other, so the bit of your brain that responds to danger (which evolved very early and is close to the brain-stem, and therefore very powerful) doesn't know that the danger is only imagined or on tv or in a book so it... |
Alcohol is a depressant which your body is trying to fight. As the depressant wears off your body is still pushing the opposite way with adrenaline. The result is like trying to push back against someone who suddenly stops resisting: you fly forward. Your body suddenly experiences the positive effects of that adrenalin... |
The savings booklet was just your personal record. The bank's record was the final say in the matter. Keeping track of deposits and withdrawals before electronics was easier because there was a paper trail and things happened more slowly. Electronic banking enabled a host of new scams and problems because transactions ... |
They will generally use high-resolution, regional weather models. These are essentially computer programs that solve a set of equations that aim to represent the physics of the atmosphere and ocean. These equations are extremely complicated so these models are also very complicated, which is why meterological agencies ... |
Beer is a sugary alcohol. It is also grain based. Sugars are processed in the liver, and when it is over saturated the sugar stores in fat cells near the liver. This type of *adipose* fat is specifically located in the belly and lower back, as well as around the liver itself. Eventually excessive consumption of alcohol... |
Good question. When a nerve encounters a stimulus (such as pressure) proteins on the nerve cell's membrane called transport channels open, basically letting in *some* positively charged sodium ions. Once it reaches -55 millivolts, the membrane begins to depolarise at a much faster rate. Now, things called voltage gated... |
Pi is an irrational number. By definition of irrationals this means that is can't be represented as the result of a division between two integers, i.e. there are no whole numbers x & y such that pi = x/y. One property of the irrational numbers is that if you try to write them as decimal fractions, you end up with an *i... |
The proper definition of integers relies on the natural numbers. The natural numbers are defined using the following basic definitions: * 0 is a natural number. * Every natural number x has a single successor S(x). * 0 isn't the successor of any natural number. This automatically defines the set of natural numbers - 0,... |
Because when you sit on your hand you loose blood flow and when you touch something cold blood rushes to that area to keep you warm. |
A lock-on is an act of focusing the sensor system on a single target so that the target can be automatically tracked. With the sensors in our case being the missile's seeker. Now, in case with an infrared missile such as an AIM-9 Sidewinder, FIM-92 Stinger or R-73, there will be no lock-on warning because the seeker is... |
This varies a lot. The props department is often tasked with finding phones for the actors. Buying new phones is expensive, especially since the phones is going to get abuse on set and might not survive. They also need to disguise the phones so you can not determine the brand of the phone as that could get them in trou... |
Many older neighborhoods started out with much larger lots for each house. As time went on the lots were divided up and newer houses built on the new, smaller lots. Most neighborhoods built after the 1950s, ie subdivisions in the suburbs, are built all at once. Meaning they will all be built within a year of each other... |
It has to be very cold, for a long time. Most people know moving water can't freeze, but in real life scenarios, there's always a spot where water comes in contact with a solid surface (The rock or ice) that momentarily brings the fluid to a stop, in that short amount of time it has to be cold enough to freeze the wate... |
Obama care refers to the Affordable care act, which changed a few things about American healthcare. The whole act was extremely long, and covered many aspects, which is why it took a long time to draft and pass and take effect, and is beyond the scope for a single Eli5 thread. Of significance (from my perspective), som... |
I am an EMT and it is a combination of things: * Training time. An EMT is 6 months of training. A Medic is usually another 2 years after that. So in a little over the time it takes most to get an associates degree you can be a paramedic. * Supply and Demand. While your medic isn't as prevalent as say an EMT and those a... |
They don't make any claims to know how the universe was created and definitely not that it created itself. They've laid out the scientific theory that at one point in time, our universe was concentrated into a high density, high temperature state after which it started to expand, which is what we can measure currently.... |
Pencils grind a layer of graphite onto the surface of the paper. Erasers work by rubbing off that layer of graphite. But since the surface of paper isn't even, it has little pockets, the eraser may not be able to get all the graphite out. if you stop pressing so hard while writing so that your pencil doesn't leave dent... |
Emotional pain is interpreted the same as physical pain in the brain. Body releases adrenaline in a fight or flight reaction, just like with physical pain. In that state of mind, your body's focus switches over from digestion and relaxation to escape or fight. Muscles tense, digestion slows down, heart rate increases, ... |
Have you considered that perhaps you are getting a cold? What exactly was the deep fried stuff? Fatty foods often leave an oily feeling in people's throats, which is probably somewhat lubricating. There's a good chance you were eating SALTY fried stuff, which will dry out your mucous membranes (such as the back of your... |
The beep is a sonar ping. Sonar = SOund Navigation And Ranging Yes, in the movies submarines ping all the time. This is not how they work in reality. Submariners call their work "the silent service", as they spend all their time sneaking around stealthily. They use passive sonar, listening for the sounds that other thi... |
Despite what you might think there aren't as many common medications available. Also, pharmacies only need to keep enough of any given medication in stock as long as they get frequent shipments every few days. They determine which medications are the most highly used by local physicians and stock those up enough to las... |
Everyone is different, so some may never have to clean out their ears and some have to regularly. I get large buildups in my ears of I do not clean them regularly. I used to think it was normal until I met my former SO. She never had to clean out her ears ever and her 'wax' looked different from mine. The oils my body ... |
It's the vibrations of the flyback transformer that is responsible for the horizontal deflection of the electron beam that creates the picture. You can figure out the approximate frequency by thinking like this: There are 525 lines drawn on a television and the display refreshes at a frequency of (roughly) 60Hz (it's a... |
Because parents have made peanut allergies more prevalent by not giving peanuts to their kids because they're scared they have a peanut allergy. It **is** a bit random. Basically, the immune system is always on the hunt for invaders. Antibodies, which bind to stuff to flag it as bad, are made in a mutation-heavy proces... |
The swimsuit is made of special fabric that absorbs as little water as possible. There is water between the fibers, but none inside them. Some clothes will dry quickly, but the nice soft snugly clothes have cotton or wool in them. Those fabrics absorb water into the fibers, taking much longer to dry. |
Brown sugar is actually white sugar, however they add in about 2% unrefined molasses for colour and flavour. 'Organic' sugar does not receive milk of lime in the refining process (the step before the product is turned into white sugar), which leaves in brown in colour too, making it slightly more healthy (according to ... |
The FTC has a clause on their small business [FAQ]( URL_0 ) which describes the requirements around disclosures. An interesting snippet reads: "Although **there is no hard-and-fast rule about the size of type in a print ad or the length of time a disclosure must appear on TV**, the FTC often has taken action when a dis... |
I am no expert but, people tend to want to satisfy their curiosity and that includes delving into the taboo. Porn companies are like any other form of media, they copy what seems to be doing well. A few years ago it was all about parodies along the lines of "Not Star Wars XXX". Add in the naughty/taboo aspects of human... |
If I remember correctly if they recognize it as a genocide, they have to compensate the recognized group. As well as the fact that they may not like them. Turkey is an important country that sits at a highly strategic spot and buys lots of goods from other countries. They have power and play it off between the US and R... |
> If almost all countries are indebted and they can't repay their debts Your premise is wrong. While most countries do have some level of debt, they can pay it off. There's nothing "bad" about debt, unless you can't afford to pay it back. > why not just start from scratch with 0 debts for everyone ? They do. It's calle... |
There is a natural small release of "good feeling" chemicals in the brain when you scratch anything. This came about through evolution. If you have a mite or dangerous parasite your itching will kill it or at least it is worth a shot is what your brain tells you. This is my understanding as a five year old not very com... |
If the Universe has positive curvature then it will be finite. Having positive curvature basically means that giant triangles will have the three angles summing to more than 180 degrees. (Negative curvature means the three angles of giant triangles will sum to less than 180 degrees, and a flat universe has zero curvatu... |
What does absolute zero really mean? --- The belief that 0K impies that all motion stopps is a popular misconception. Quantum mechanics tells us that bound particles cannot have an arbitrary amount of energy. Instead, they can only hop between energy levels. And the lowest of these energy levels is still not 0J. Thus, ... |
They weren't confident of WMD in Iraq. The administration goons pushing for war were knowingly lying. First of all, the intelligence analysts looking at American cyber-security and those looking at international weapons capabilities are students of different specialties. Secondly, the Bush Administration pushed the int... |
It's not "made up" anything in particular. It's just a concept. A byte is a string of eight bits, and a bit is just a binary digit. A number. And it doesn't make much sense to ask "what is a number made of, and how big is it?" In computers, bits are stored in lots of different ways, depending on the device. HDDs store ... |
It's all connected together. Kind of like the internet. When your phone is turned on and connected, the tower is constantly checking in. It'll "ping" your phone like "whaddup, 999-555-5555, you still there?" And your phone is all "sup tower, yah I'm still here". When you make a call, your phone contacts the tower like ... |
They influence factors like metabolism, appetite, subconscious activity (neat) and decrease water retention |
Using cameras to capture the light and film to record the images. You do know that cameras existed for quite a while prior to the 90s, right? The technology for cameras may have improved but they still work by pointing them at what you want a picture of and pressing a button. I'm not really sure what you mean. Ultrasou... |
Draw a line from each rod and cone in your eye, through your lens and out into the world. Your field of view is composed of anything that intercepts those lines. These lines expand outward in a cone shape (because your eye's lens is convex), so objects that are closer are "hit" by more of these view-lines than they wou... |
From what I remember learning, it's very similar to a hangover. You become dehydrated from dispelling so much fluid out of your eyes. You tense up while crying, so the blood vessels in your head become strained. So if you don't drink water after a crying spell you essentially get a hangover. |
the core of Buddhism is that you are a human being who is driven by need. the need for money. the need for material things. the need for happiness. the need for fulfillment. your entire life, you are a slave of need. if you don't get what you need, you're in suffering. therefore the state of life is suffering from need... |
Regardless of their status, every child in America has a legal right to a K-12 education. There was a supreme court case that makes it illegal for schools to require anything only a legal citizen could obtain (social security number) or inquire about anything that may out their parents as illegal immigrants. Housing di... |
Honestly its not a "huge" issue but it does need to be addressed. Most people accuse Illegals of taking jobs and utilizing social programs without paying into them, which is mostly bs. For the most part the jobs they take are low wage laborer jobs that no one else will take. They also are not eligible for social progra... |
From my understanding, this is due to REM sleep cycles. When you sleep, your body goes through 90 minute Rapid Eye Movement cycles. Near the middle of these cycles, you go into deep sleep, where most of your dreams are. So when waking up after a full night, you have already done 5 or 6 otr 7 of these cycles and dont se... |
Because that's how the laws of physics works. In order to make your arms move, for example, you need energy. There's no way of making something move without using energy. And energy is not infinite. When we use up too much energy, we feel tired, because that's the way our brain tells us that we need to stop what we're ... |
In a word: Tradition. Horse-related occupations (racing, breeding, etc) tend to be very traditionalist and old-fashioned, so they still use the old-fashioned measurements. |
model naming is completely marketing. there's no rule you're required to follow. most owners of your existing model would like to buy one with a number that's bigger than the one they own. |
Several recent studies have shown that 90+% of folks with reported history of penicillin allergy are not allergic when tested. This probably happens for three reasons: 1. Common side effects of medication and infections may be misinterpreted as signs of allergy, e.g. developed a rash while on medication. 2. Not all "hy... |
Certain things are not in fact sweet, but are highly associated with "sweet" in our culture - and thus when we smell them, we smell "sweet." Vanilla, cocoa, cinnamon are great examples: not one of these is sweet. Put them on your tongue and they're all bitter. Put them under your nose: do you smell sugar? But a huge sw... |
You are mildly mistaken. Unlike US, most European bailouts needs an underlying security. So Germany has to pawn assets in order to give the money to Greece. The European Central Bank can only buy assets and thus the quantitative easing (buying bonds). The balance sheets of the rescued banks just appear worst because of... |
supply and demand. There are not many people who will pay to watch a math mathematician work. There are many people who enjoy sporting events enough to pay to watch either via broadcast or even more to watch in person, and even more to be closer to the ball. This sets up a basic sports economy where the more popular yo... |
You refrigerate it so bacteria don't grow in it (or at least, are very slow to do so). Bacteria cannot grow in dry sugar powder because they require moisture to live and reproduce. But a lot of water with some sugar is an excellent environment for bacterial growth. The container the beverage is stored in is not free of... |
Your blood contains a clotting factor that causes the blood to clot and close the hole. The hole is really very very small os this can be done quickly and easily. Plus after the hole is made, the phlebotomist typically tells you to apply pressure, which closes the hole and speeds clotting. In contrast, occasionally, th... |
Generally because you are sleeping with your mouth open which dries out the mucous membrane. If you don't believe me, try keeping your mouth wide open and breath in and out for an hour and tell me how your throat feels. |
It actually takes quite a bit of brain power to have a concept of "self," and an even greater amount to recognize that this animal you see in front of you is actually not an animal but a visual representation of yourself projected on front of your eyes. This is not something that would have ever been helpful in nature,... |
cosmetic, privacy, and it also keeps the car cooler, and prevents sun damage to the interior of the car. Texas checking in. Without tint on your car windows you will in all probability catch on fire. Keeps UV rays from damaging the interior. If you live in an area that gets super hot, it really does make a difference. |
It sounds like you are talking about a temporal artery thermometer. When you take your temperature, do you swipe it across your forehead from around center to around your eye level? If so, that's it, and it is intended to be for your forehead only. It is measuring the temperature of a particular artery that runs throug... |
When you “crack” your knuckles, or any other joint, it expands the space between your bones, creating negative pressure that draws synovial fluid into the new gap. This influx of synovial fluid is what causes the popping sound and feeling when you crack a knuckle |
It's called 'gustatory rhinorrhea' - in some cases a reaction to spicy foods which are an irritant; in other cases, like if your nose runs no matter what you're eating, its a mistaken stimulation of the nerves running to your nose that create mucous - the nerves that control saliva flow upon thinking about eating, or e... |
The earth orbits the sun in an ellipse which means it moves faster when it's closer to the sun. This makes the sun appear to move fastest across the sky in January and slowest in July. If you stick with pure sundial time (noon is when the sun is highest in the sky) then the length of the day varies a little and you don... |
Most anti-viruses do it very similarly. Here's what Symantec/Norton anti-virus does: 1. Load the malicious file into memory. 2. Encrypt it with a simple algorithm. (Something similar to subtracting 10 from every byte. So if the virus's code looked like KLM, the encrypted version would become ABC.) 3. Move the encrypted... |
Alcohol has many effects on the mind and body. The most famous is obviously that it reduces *inhibition*. Inhibition is your self-control, the voice that tells you "don't do what you're thinking about doing, it's probably not a good idea." So some get drunk, and maybe they're the kind of person that often has to talk t... |
Supershooter here, I was the first United States National Pinball Chsmpion. The loud noise is a mechanism located at the top inside of the back glass part of the machine. This makes a loud noise to let everyone know a game has been won. In old game rooms, it was loud to let others know you won a game. I have a few mach... |
Possible side effects aren't guaranteed side effects. You may get one side effect, or maybe another, or probably none at all. Drug makers are required to advertise all possible side effects that occurred in their clinical trials. Those trials comprise probably thousands of people; conceivably if one person got a runny ... |
Description on amazon for the first brand of 'splash-less' bleach I searched for says 'thicker formula' which would make it flow slower out of the bottle, and less likely to splash. |
Because of your culture. In comparison, here in germany it's the other way around. We're more lax on the sex and nudity, but violence, gore and the like get the boot. Video games are largely a USA centered industry, with Japan being the 2nd place, grandfathered in. The USA is a country which is totally fine with murder... |
Because copper is far less fragile than fiber, and is adequate for almost all applications. I mean, sure, you could have a fiber connection to a portable hard drive, but it won't be any faster than USB3 because the line speed is already greater than the disk speed. If I see how my relatives do treat the cables of their... |
I took a few theoretical math courses as an undergrad and grad student, and my general idea is that you need to explicitly state your intuition and any relevant theorems and their relevance. Avoid using words like "clearly." Even if you're thinking that word, there's probably some intuition you need to write down. Thin... |
It doesn't "know". The electrons don't move because there is not pathway. When you hook up a battery or some other voltage source, not only are electrons pushed one way, but positively charged areas that can accept electrons are created going the other way. For short we call them "holes". Also electrons actually flow t... |
Trump proposed that if companies leave the US he will create a strong border tax. If companies start investing in the US it means they will not have to pay this Tax or maybe they will be exempt from it. Hence why ford just backed out of Mexico and a 1.something billion dollar plant. Border tax and how it would work as ... |
A lot of learning in school is more to teach general problem solving skills and giving a wide breadth of knowledge even if it isn't particularly deep in any particular topic. For example, after a certain point, you *won't* use a lot of particular math concepts in your day-to-day life (work *or* home) but in learning ho... |
If you are in interstellar space like halfway between here and alpha Centauri, it would look pretty much like a normal clear moonless (and planet-less) night sky. Without the atmosphere getting in the way the sky view would be a lot clearer, but looking only with your eyes you might not notice that too much. The closes... |
The use of a 24 hour clock relates back to the Ancient Egyptians (and relates to why there are 60 minutes in an hour). Thanks to documented evidence of the Egyptians' use of sundials, most historians credit them with being the first civilization to divide the day into smaller parts. The first sundials were simply stake... |
Well, generally speaking people associate a face with a voice over time. I can recognize my friends voices without even seeing them. It's a learned thing. Just like with the electronic stuff. It's learned. The speaker picks up on your voice by asking you to say a sentence or 5, with the knowledge of what the preset sen... |
It is not bad. Cakes and such are made to look delcious as well taste like it. When it's smooth it may look more delicious to some people. |
I don't know for sure, yet it seems rather obvious to me. Normally, when you are not on vacation, you wake up in the same bed, in the same house, and that is the place that you spend most of your time in. When you've been on vacation for a while, your brains have adjusted to living in a different environment, and they ... |
Alright, going down the list of the ones that you have probably seen, there are a few more. The most common type you see is USB type A. The thin rectangular one most likely in the side of your computer. This was the original design of USB, however it should be noted that USB was designed with what is known as a master-... |
> What causes some adults to be attracted to children? We haven't figured that out yet. > Is paedophilia normal or a psychological disorder and why? *Long semi-tangential stuff* To answer that we really need to lay down what exactly these mean. What exactly does it mean for something to be normal? Usually it means that... |
This is very complicated and not all economists even agree on the basic facts. Moreover it's very difficult to seperate the effect of NAFTA from the effect of other macro-economic things happening at the same time, like automation. That said, economists agree on a few general principles: 1. Lower tariffs in general is ... |
The pound sign, £, is a stylized capital letter "L". It stands for "Libra", which is Latin for "pound", in the sense of weight. The British pound [in sense of currency] used to be defined as a pound [in the sense of weight] of sterling silver. Hence why the British currency is often referred to as Sterling. URL_1 > Ins... |
I had to create an account just so I could explain and discredit the "faster than light" reply. Nothing that we know of travels FTL. Anyway. Consider the average classical computer. Every bit has two states, 1 or 0. Just like a light switch. It's either on or off and nothing in between. With some clever manipulation, a... |
Correct me if I'm wrong but I believe viruses are too small to reflect visible spectrum light. So, in essence they are colourless. However, whether it be for aesthetic detail or visibility they are pseudocoloured to what ever is appealing or appropriate. Bacteria on the other hand, do express colour. Due to their large... |
But behaviorally animals can be more or less likely to domesticate. Wolves, for example are social animals and so integrating into a mutually beneficial situation with another species is more likely. Cats can be, too, but I don't know if that was true of the domesticated cat's ancestors. Cats are very opportunistic, so... |
Body temperature doesn't increase because you're nauseous or vomiting. It rises so it can kill the intruder, like bacteria. Vomiting happens so the body can get rid of the bacteria. I assume the main reason for vomiting is that the body tries to get rid of the material that has the intruder in it. Like spoiled food. It... |
My degree is in microbiology, not optometry, however I can see the reason they would recommend this. Not all bacteria are easily killed by means of boiling. In fact, for nearly every means of disinfecting bacteria we have, there are some bacteria to which it does not affect. More importantly, solid surfaces such as the... |
Hoarding *is* an obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD basically makes your brain do a lot of very incorrect If-Then statements. "If I leave the house without doing my ritual, something bad will happen!" and that type of stuff. Hoarding is pretty much the same. "I'm going to need this empty soda bottle someday so if I thr... |
[This]( URL_0 ) is a pretty good description for why they don't freeze. In a nutshell, bird's feet are little more than skin, bone and sinew, and their blood flows so fast that it doesn't have time to freeze in the first place. Their circulatory system is also set up to reduce heat loss through their feet, which could ... |
If you are thinking about Polyphasic Sleeping, then it depends. Sleeping multiple times a day for a couple hours at a time will technically leave you with more time to do things throughout the day. However, you won't end up with the same rest as those who sleep throughout the night. So it depends on what you mean by mo... |
They are pretty distant from the "normal bears" (brown, black, grizzly, polar), in taxonomy terms. All are members of the Ursidae Family, but pandas are a unique subfamily (Ailuropodinae), genus (Ailuropoda), and species (Melanoleuca). |
There are many different categories they can claim to be #1 for. Comedy, animation, art house, etc. They just don't mention how specific the category may be. There are a number of ways that it could be determined, and they'll pick any that fits their film including (but not limited to): highest dollar amount of ticket ... |
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