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I built flight simulators for several military aircraft. The models are based on the physics of the situation. The shape of the aircraft is modeled, and the actual flight control computer is often used. One dangerous thing is carrier landing. Essentially you're trying to crash a plane into the top of a big ship at a gl...
It stands for High Dynamic range and basically takes a photo on a series of exposure settings then patches the best parts together to create a final outcome which tends to have improved shadowing and highlights
Given the scale of the impact theorized there wouldn't really be a crater. We're talking about an object the size of Mars hitting the Earth. Had it not happened so long ago that gravity had once again smoothed out the Earth's surface, we'd notice a hell of a lot more than something like a crater. This theory is all abo...
When you move your body, you're creating more heat. Plus, moving around gets your heart rate going, and that gives you more blood flow, which keeps you warm. If you've ever worked out really hard in cold weather, you'll notice steam starts to come off of you. That doesn't happen when you're sitting still. When you move...
For an average height man standing on the ground with no hills etc. in the way, the horizon is about 3 miles away. So yes, past that you're looking on a low slope up into the sky even further away. The horizon is the edge of the part of the earth that is visible to you due to your height. Below it you see the Earth, ab...
To understand this it's important to understand some fundamental truths: - Ownership, the idea that a person can legally own assets, money, etc., will likely always exist in our society - It's unlikely that artificial intelligence will ever be given the right to ownership - People who have capital will almost always be...
All of the processes that a cell does require energy and that energy comes from oxygen. After you've had a cardiac arrest blood is no longer flowing around your body. And blood is what carries oxygen. So no oxygen means no energy. Cells at lower temperatures use energy more slowly. So by cooling down the body, you incr...
For one, many of the antibiotics used are the same (or similar) to the antibiotics used for humans. Agricultural antibiotic use isn't just used to treat acute infections. Long ago we discovered that if animals were fed antibiotics they would grow faster and put on more weight, even if they weren't sick. That (and the c...
Kodi shouldn't be held responsible because they simply provide a media player which supports addons. It's not their fault that other people make addons that provide access to pirated material. Amazon can't be held responsible because they just provide hardware intended for use with legal media. It's not their fault tha...
I don't have any reference materials, so I can't to much detail, but nobody else answered yet, so I'll do a summary. Saliva is a combo of mostly water and proteins with a little bit of dissolved salts. It comes from salivary glands that are placed in several places around your mouth. Mostly under the tongue. A gland is...
Oof. This is gonna be some weird Google searches, eh? Development of male genitalia is dependent upon the production of the testosterone enzyme dihydrotestosterone, which is produced by the testes. As the various types of genital tubing is elongating and growing to form the penis, the penis organ system (both the repro...
The growling is called borborygmi and it's caused by fluids and gasses moving through the intestine, not the stomach. The stomach sits left orientated, partially in the ribcage, wedged just below the diaphragm and part of the liver. The stomach itself is pretty thick and relatively deep in comparison to the coils of in...
I read your title twice and then once again just to make sure that you hadn't typed one of the the words twice as a trick! because because you stop to think about what to write next and repeat the last word by mistake. I do it all the time.
Technically, we have to say "it depends", as all actual FDA-approved medicine was once herbal medicine that was studied for active ingredients, and we now know exactly what to extract that produces desired results. Eg; Your grandma's secret poppyseed bread may always remove pain because it's loaded with "milk of the po...
PEMEX is wholly owned by the Mexican government and controls all oil/gas production and distribution in Mexico. By law only it can distribute gasoline and prior to 2015 only it could carry out oil exploration. PEMEX also subsidizes the gas sold in Mexico, but this hasn't been a traditional subsidy where PEMEX runs at a...
The little piece of cardboard is lined with a metallic material called a "susceptor". Normally, microwave ovens shoot the food with microwave radiation, exciting the molecules in the food and making it hot. What a susceptor does is absorb some of the microwave radiation and convert it to direct heat. This makes the sma...
Sneezing is a reaction to clear out your nasal passage when there is an irritation in the nose. Sometimes that irritation is not gone by the first sneeze, so your brain will continue to tell your body to sneeze.
I watched it and figured it out. At 50 second mark he fans through the deck, he's looking at the top cards. He even slows down so he can see the top 3 cards. He then does a few semi false shuffles. The top of the deck is never mixed with the rest and always remains on top. When he splits the deck into 3 piles, the top ...
when something looks like it has some colour, it is because it reflects visible light of that respective wavelength - and ABSORBS all the rest. It only reflects what it cant "eat". When you mix the different pigments, they just eat and eat and eat and dont end up reflecting anything, because everything was absorbed by ...
As a guy who has worked professionally as a sound engineer, I'll tell you, your hearing acuity goes just as soon, if not sooner. The difference is that most people don't rely on the detail-oriented parts of their hearing as much, at least not consciously, so you notice your eyes first. Have you ever noticed that when y...
Anything that can cause you to change your focus allows you to change your train of thought. The act of shaking your head gives you something else to think about for a second to allow your brain to stop what it was working on previously and then move on to something else. Your brain is like an etch-a-sketch. When you s...
I think it had to do with the fact that although we can store more information than we actually do, it would cause an overload of information. This would result in a lot of pressure and stress. The information we don't remember is simply not deemed important enough and therefore you won't remember it in order to keep y...
LCD screens use a chemical "shutter" effect to do their thing. When a current is run through them, the material crystalizes. When the electricity is turned back off, it returns to it's uncrystalley form. In low temperatures, the material gets slower and "goopier" similar t a lot of substances that act thicker in low te...
Lower frequencies travel further and pass through obstacles better. Meaning a slightly deeper voice like a low baritone or bass will be carried more. I know your pain, my whispers can be heard from a fair distance.
This is actually a popular way for some athletes to improve their performance. Im not familiar with all the details, but from what I understand it gives more energy and slightly enhanced physical abilities for a short time as the body works to break down the extra blood. It wouldn't be enough to be noticed in that rega...
Iron Age Scandinavians (a.k.a. the Vikings) huddled in their long houses during the winter months along with their serfs and animals. Their idea of an apocalypse was a never-ending winter, so that gives you an idea what they thought of that. Short answer... they sorta hibernated. Winters were miserable. They were just ...
What's left the umbilicus cord. It connects to the liver and it's mostly just remnant, but there are still some small veins in there, which can expand if you have certain blood pressure issues. If you are up for a less ELI5 explanation, check out [this]( URL_0 ) post from r/askscience. The umbilical cord provides oxyge...
First, it's important to understand what heritability means in genetics. It does not mean what people think it means, similar to how "theory" means guess in the everyday vernacular, but means "overarching explanation of how things happen based on all the facts we know" in science. "Heritability" in genetics is what pro...
There are a few studies suggesting that lowered appetite in initial stages of infections could be an evolutionary adaption as reduced food intake improves survival outcomes E.g. URL_1 (Note these studies are normally compared to force fed control groups) This is one example - google scholar would show more if you're in...
That's a broad generalization. More accurately, glass and sand are made of the same substance (silicon dioxide). Sand is the solid form, glass is made by melting it to change it chemical properties. However, glass has additives in it to prevent it dissolving and for other purposes. There are many other substances which...
Smoking has been practiced in one form or another since ancient times. Tobacco and various hallucinogenic drugs were smoked all over the Americas as early as 5000 BC in shamanistic rituals and originated in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Andes. Many ancient civilizations, such as the Babylonians, Indians and Chinese, burn...
There are a lot of different ways this can be done, and I could go into great detail about many algorithms (such as [A*]( URL_0 )), but in order to keep this simple, let's compare it to two human players in a game of chess. Player A barely knows how to move the pieces while Player B is well-practiced and can see 10 mov...
What you are referring to is a long postulated but, newly emerging field of study of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) also known as ‘second brain’, based on its size, complexity and similarity — in neurotransmitters and signalling molecules — with the brain. [Source Study]( URL_0 ) The ELI5 is that there are a multitud...
People in general find more safety in familiar environments with familiar things. Providing a cherished toy provides a tangible connection to the familiar. This is especially helpful if the parents don't plan on sleeping with the child, as their absence may cause some anxiety in the child who is used to seeing and hear...
It is not known if animal hormones effect humans or not. These things are difficult to test. Currently the FDA says they are safe, so many companies use them. Some consumers are afraid of chemicals and sensationalist articles can make anyone afraid of anything, and it has created the idea that consumers should "worry" ...
Fissile material isn't exactly easy to come by. A fission bomb (which by today's standards would be a fairly primitive nuclear weapon) requires uranium that has been enriched to 90% U-235. Natural uranium in contrast contains less than 1% U-235 and reactor-grade uranium for power generation only requires 3-5% enrichmen...
We tend to favor music which we are already familiar with and are generally more reluctant to listen to anything unfamiliar. This is because the whole enjoyment of music is derived from the predictability of its beat and lyrics by the listener. So when we hear a new song, we may initially feel put off since it's unfami...
When you're out of tune, it's because you're slightly off of a note. When the two notes are close together but not exactly the same, then it sounds a whole lot worse because of dissonance. That's why when you're tuning a note, you can hear a little wavy "wubbing" sound. The closer you get to the target pitch, the faste...
I think the question you're trying to ask is why professional movie cameras are much larger compared to a professional still camera (for example a DSLR)? A few factors: - Image sensor/film size. A larger sensor or film format will require a larger unit and a larger set of lenses. Note that both still and video cameras ...
The laptop is used to select the songs that are being played. The basic knobs/sliders are volume, the crossfader and the bass/mid/treble knobs. There are usually two tracks playing at once, each with an individual set of volume and tone knobs. The crossfader slides between the two tracks, so when it is completely to th...
It's an attempt to heal wounds that still ache. What you are referring to is benign, but repetition compulsion drives people to get into therapy for harmful relationship patterns. URL_0
A semi-automatic weapon uses either some of the recoil from a shot, or gas from the shot to cycle it's action. This means that the action begins moving while the projectile is still inside of the weapon. The motion of the action moves the gun, and can affect the accuracy of the shot. A bolt action stays in place and re...
Hand sanitizer is mostly isopropyl alcohol. You put it on your hands, they get wet, then the alcohol evaporates away rather quickly and they get colder as they dry giving you a fresh clean feel. The alcohol may work to kill some surface germs, but the cool feeling from the evaporation is most likely what you're attribu...
Let's say you get sick and you develop antibodies against the bacteria or virus. A small portion of those antibodies may inappropriately recognize proteins in the shellfish and activate your immune system. Kinda like someone calling 911 on a thief with a red hat, then the police put out an alert about a thief in a red ...
Thorium isn't the selling point for a reactor that can't melt down; thorium is extremely difficult to turn into elements that can create a nuclear bomb (heavy uranium and plutonium). The liquid salt aspect is the neat part. The reactors have been tested, and despite public hatred, are extremely safe. Our current reacto...
Here's an answer I gave in an earlier thread that I think helps make it more intuitive. As you'll see, the answer here doesn't depend on where the observer is standing, it depends instead on how far the blades are moving in a given rotation. Others have explained it pretty well, but I wanted to take a shot at this in a...
It acts as a vehicle for ranch or blue cheese to cool the mouth off without having to take more hot sauce to get the cooling relief.
Peristalsis works like this: URL_0 Stick a drinking straw in a cup full of water, place your thumb over the end of the straw, and lift it out of the water so that the straw is full of water but no longer in cup. Pinch the straw flat with the thumb and forefinger of your other hand up near where your thumb is covering t...
They are hurt all of the time. People die surfing waves like that. That is one reason those shots are so amazing. Pros though know techniques to try and not die but at the end of the day a wave smashing you into a reef is going to hurt. Certain waves the goal is to dive deep and avoid getting thrown over the top again....
Human babies take a long time to develop because they are born less mature than other animals. Why is this? Humans have one major advantages over other animals: Advanced tool use. This requires a big brain and free hands to manipulate things. Walking upright gives us the hands free, and narrower hips help to walk uprig...
There's a muscle in your ear called the [tensor tympani muscle]( URL_0 ). It usually dampens sounds from your mouth (like chewing and breathing). When you "block" your ears you are tightening this muscle. Tightening a muscle causes the fibers to vibrate, which makes sound.
Speak for yourself. Alarm clock goes off. I hear it for a few seconds, then am out like a light again for hours. I've been late many times to work. Can't seem to break the cycle of extreme blissful, tranquil sleep right about the time I'm supposed to get up. Edit: removed minor rant
A lot of "crying" (and by crying, I refer to all the wailing and sobbing not just tears) is done from the chest and the lungs, up through the throat. It's possible that, through being done with a very high intensity (whether intentionally or not, we all know people who "cry" differently), some contraction or spasm in t...
Postpartum depression seems to be brought on by the changes in hormone levels that occur after pregnancy. Any woman can get postpartum depression in the months after childbirth, miscarriage, or stillbirth. [(source)]( URL_0 )
Potential energy. Someone put the magnet and pin close to another but seperated. Thus he transformed kinetic energy into potential energy. Which then is re transformed by the magnet into kinetic energy accelerating the pin towards it. If you would separate the pin from the magnet again you would then transform more kin...
They are most likely using [Wake on LAN]( URL_0 ). > Wake-on-LAN ("WOL") is implemented using a specially designed packet called a magic packet, which is sent to all computers in a network, among them the computer to be woken up. The magic packet contains the MAC address of the destination computer, an identifying numb...
Basically, anything that is installed on your pc can be read, written or be modified. So they aren't exploiting weaknesses in the game code, rather, its impossible to prevent someone with admin rights from altering the game if they desire. (It can however, be made very hard) What online games CAN do is simply not tell ...
I wrote my dissertation on this very topic and I don't think anyone's nailed it in their answers yet. Edit - I've only got a hard copy of the dissertation (I graduated years ago). Thanks to everyone who asked to read it, if I remember I'll try and scan it. Crash91 has got a lot right but has made a few points I disagre...
Part of it does have to do with American culture, however a great amount of it's influence derives from the U.S's power projection and it's ability to strike nearly anywhere in the world within a matter of hours or days. Country acting up? The U.S can have a super carrier fully equipped with dozens of state of the art ...
These shows are always a bit of fun and play creatively with the truth. Indeed ballistics isn't as cut and dried as "every gun has a unique fingerprint, no two can ever be the same". Marks are compared by eye, very similar guns will have very similar marks. Even much real life courtroom "science" is pretty poor science...
This is called "OVS" or "Object - Verb - Subject" which is a reversal of the standard SOV order (Subject - Object - Verb). It is technically allowed if the sentence can still be properly parsed (typically if there's pronouns that help show the meaning). Rare examples of valid, if idiomatic, English use of OVS typology ...
I point at cat, call it a cat. They point at cat, call it a gato. We both point at cat. I say gato, they say cat. We both know a new word. There are different ways. Different circumstances. Usually you would know the language of your neighboring region (because you have to trade with them) and they probably know the la...
In terms of manufacturing, diamonds are valuable because of their hardness. They can be used in drills, etc. In terms of jewelry, they are expensive because the company De Beers controls the diamond market basically like a monopoly. In the end, diamonds are not as rare as their price suggests, even after polishing, etc...
Because your peripheral vision contains more rods (the cells that detect light vs dark) than cones (which detect color and are useless in the dark). The very center of your vision needs to have high acuity in daylight which means lots of color detection.
Sometimes dolphins will beach in large groups when they are sick. There have been large stranding events after explosions or loud sonor pings which blind the dolphins ability to see using sound. I worked in marine mammal rescue. In almost all cases they are dead or extremely ill/weak when they wash ashore - I.E. they h...
I can't explain it in detail but its because they reproduce in times when reproductive success is higher, ie during times of high seasonal food supply or better weather. Humans don't have these selective pressures so we don't have breeding seasons.
I think it also has a lot to do with their "ick" factor. They are very fast, get very large, are hard to kill, and make a really grody crunch/splat combination when you step on them. I think most people around where I live don't necessarily associate them with filth, because in a city with a high population density, so...
The ice sheet is already floating on the ocean so it breaking off and drifting out to sea will have little effect on global sea levels. The real worry is that the ice sheet is holding back the advance of glaciers that are resting on land and if their advance speeds up they will be transferring ice from the land to th...
Computers don't get slower. Software just gets more and more demanding, since it's always designed for newer computers. And even if you factory reset the computer, you're going to be getting newer versions of the software, which run more slowly on the old hardware. There are multiple reasons for this: 1. A lot of it is...
Actually both urination and defecation (peeing and pooping) are very common when extremely afraid. This is caused by your bodies "fight or flight" reactions ignoring nonessential muscles such as the sphincter muscles that prevent you from randomly leaking piss. You don't do other discharges, such as vomiting, because v...
Well a couple reasons. One is that the type of tissue that makes up the inside of your mouth has more blood supply than say your skin. More nutrients means it has the tools to heal faster. Also it's a great deal simpler than just regular skin.. You have like layers on layers of highly specialized cells on the skin of s...
On first introduction, our brain naturally searches to get a handle on things--do I know this individual? What can I induce about him/her from appearance? It's all about us assessing the threat/benefit level of a new situation. Your brain assesses that he/she shares traits with someone you are familiar with, acquaintan...
Out-of-season produce is typically from areas with a different climate from the normal growing areas, or, if nothing else, greenhouses which can emulate a particular season. Well. First of all its always in season somewhere, and many of the fruits and veggies usualy found in common supermarkets can come from half way a...
Your stomach is filled with a somewhat weak acid. Throwing up acid is unpleasant, and can damage soft tissues in your mouth and throat. To combat this, your body produces extra saliva to coat your mouth and throat with a little bit of extra protection. Also pro tip if you start to salivate and feel nauseous, don't swal...
The resulting liquid has much less time to absorb any acidity from the grounds. Since you are sending pressurized steam through the grounds instead of just letting hot water drip through them, it results in a less acidic brew
Mitochondria originated from a bacterial symbiont, but are at this point extremely highly integrated into the host cell and really do operate like any other organelle. Directly to your point, mitochindrial division is entirely controlled by signaling from the host cell, which obviously has evolved to proliferate its mi...
Your brain basically blocks the word you're trying to think of and floods itself with keywords, trying to make a connection. If you're on the spot bloodflow to your frontal lobes can increase, which restricts your neural pathways. This means you cant make connections as easily and dont know what to say. You freeze or g...
Mold, which is a fungus, grows from spores--it's like seeds for fungus. Most air contains mold spores to some degree. Some molds are harmful, some are not. It isn't something you want to take a chance with, so I wouldn't eat mold unless it was supposed to be in the food (such as blue cheese). Molds and other fungi grow...
Moisture. Dry foods absorb moisture and get soft. Soft foods (such as bread), lose moisture and get harder. Breads and cakes go "hard" because the moisture in the air actually crystallizes the structure. Cookies on the other hand are much drier and the absorption of water from the air adds moisture to their structure a...
Some goods and services are easily tradeable between countries, like buying fuel, electronics or insurance. So you will find that they cost about the same wherever you go. Some are harder to trade, and this usually includes labour and land. So this means that prices can vary quite a bit in different countries and regio...
I found this website that has a good explaination ( URL_0 ). I'll paste the explanation below to save a click. Inhibitions It’s one of the first reasons people drink alcohol – to relax. But that means that you haven’t got the same inhibitions as usual – stress and anxiety is reduced. But that also means you don’t feel ...
Public Key Cryptography in a nutshell: You have two keys: a public key (that you can give out to anybody) and a private key (that — you guessed it — you keep private). Both of those keys can be used to either encrypt or decrypt messages. If you encrypt with one key, you can decrypt with the other. By giving out your pu...
People tend to get sick more often when it's cold for two main reasons. First, people tend to gather inside and closer together more. This increases the opportunities to spread germs. It also means people are less likely to be going out and getting sunshine/exercise and doing other things that generally keep you health...
Yellowstone sits over a massive hotspot and is a supervolcano. While it would be very bad if it erupted, the danger is rather hilariously overblown by Hollywood. Granted, Wyoming and parts of Idaho and Montana would be gone, and the states immediately east and southeast of Wyoming (so, Colorado, the Dakotas, Nebraska, ...
Luminescence is the emission of light but that does not also emit heat. This is in contrast to incandescence, which is the emission of light as a result of heat. For example the chemicals in a glow stick are luminescent but a bonfire or an old-fashioned light bulb is incandescent. Fluorescence is the emission of light ...
The simple truth that is that thin people eat less food than fat people. The science is irrefutable. I'm thin, I eat whatever kinds of food I want, I'm not constantly exercising or at the gym. I constantly hear people tell me how lucky I am because I have a high metabolism, but when we sit down to eat, it's immediately...
This is a reference to the ongoing industrial dispute at Southern Rail, which is partly about proposals to have drivers, instead of guards, opening and closing train doors. The actual fear appears to be that this downgrades the job of the guard and puts them at risk of redundancy. I live in Germany, where drivers usual...
Yes, but also the other way. We've been trained by sci-fi to associate the two. Much sci-fi takes inspiration from deep sea creatures, even historic depictions of monsters often were people trying to explain creepy shit out of the waves. Eldritch horror is expressly inspired by deep sea beasts and fear of the unknown. ...
1. Our body works very hard to accumulate semen. (as compared to other bodily fluids like blood, plasma, saliva, urine etc) 2. Orgasms are a very prominent entity for our reward system. (this is because procreation is the top line item in nature's agenda) 3. Evolution selects for the path of least resistance. 4. Overwh...
The FBI and other intelligence groups, as well as the RNC, believe their accounts were compromised by the same actors. The obvious implication is that the hackers have an interest in publicly releasing information from the Democratic party and not any from the Republican party. Given the overwhelming likelihood based o...
tldr: variety is the spice of life You have asked two quite disparate questions. 1. How does texture affect the tastiness of food. Here I assume, by tastiness you are referring to the enjoyability rather than the actual number of distinguishable tastes in the food. Having textural variety tells the brain that what we a...
The biggest thing that would happen: Water absorbs heat better than soil and ice, water also holds onto heat longer than soil and ice. So the less ice and soil, the more water surface area, the more heat stored, the faster the planet continues to heat up. It's like when you start a fire in the trash can, but then the c...
I'll assume by "shrinking" you mean the same thing as being squished together. In that case, no. The average human body (~69 kg) cannot be contracted further than a mere [1.025x10^-25 m]( URL_0 ) (which is 10 orders of magnitude - 10 billion times - smaller than an electron), as it would inevitably collapse into a blac...
Primarily through dehydration. It is difficult to take in enough water to combat dehydration for sufficiently bad diarrhea. It's even worse when the water source itself is the source of the illness. Dehydration, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. That is, losing-and-not-replacing too much water, sodium, and potassium. In t...
There are a lot of different ways that a prosthetic limb can be made to move, can you supply a more specific example of the kind you have in mind. Most systems will attach something above the elbow and actuate when the elbow is moved, meaning the whole firearm has to be moved up to actuate a grasping mechanism. Some ha...
I don't think it necessarily feels hydrating. It may feel refreshing to drink cold water, but it hydrates you just the same.
First, there are hundreds of types of cancer, so this is just a general outline. Cancer occurs when a cell accumulates mutations that cause it to grow and divide inappropriately. For instance, the gene p53 is often mutated in cancers because it creates a protein that monitors DNA for damage and triggers cell death if t...
The House of Representatives begins impeachment proceedings. If a majority votes for impeachment, the President is now impeached, and the U.S. Senate is now responsible for holding a trial. The House of Representatives acts as the prosecution, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court acts as the presiding Judge. Two ...
We love our own smell. Try scratching someone else's groin and smell it, it ain't as pleasant. I personally think that we just want to check if there's something wrong, if those smell as bad as usual then we're fine. But if it start to smell different we will at least be caution if something was wrong. If you know you ...
Background: Served on Transportation and Infrastructure Committee for a major Canadian city. Involved in design/implementation of roadworks, including intelligent stoplight systems. Some background on stoplights: There are multiple kinds of stoplights, the most basic just running on a simple timer-based system. Every s...

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