SUMMARY.md

dcair v1 summary

Reported annual emissions from data centers, by state source. Tons per year as reported (emission-factor estimates). QA-flagged values excluded. Each state is its own series; sources and coverage differ.

Latest year per state source

state	source	year	facilities	NOx t	PM2.5 t	formaldehyde t
VA	VA DEQ air sites emissions	2024	148	796.2	38.4	0.006
VA	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	28	394.3	11.3	0.137
AZ	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory	2025	12	213.9	4.3	0.144
CO	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	15	136.0	10.6	0.028
OR	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	14	129.9	8.6	0.977
TX	TCEQ point source emissions inventory	2024	7	110.9	2.0	n/a
IL	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	13	83.9	3.3	0.021
CA	CARB facility criteria emissions	2024	26	40.9	n/a	n/a
UT	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	4	32.1	4.4	0.767
TN	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	2	22.0	0.3	0.000
MA	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	6	17.1	8.0	0.027
NC	EPA NEI facility summary	2019	1	15.6	0.1	0.000
MO	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	2	15.5	0.2	0.001
WY	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	1	15.3	0.6	0.026
PA	PA DEP 25-year site-level emission inventory	2025	5	11.7	0.2	0.001
NV	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	1	11.3	0.2	0.009
IA	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	2	6.1	0.3	0.000
NE	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	3	5.0	0.2	0.002
OH	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	1	3.9	0.1	1.057
MI	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	2	3.2	0.1	0.001
MN	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	3	2.8	0.1	0.002
NJ	EPA NEI facility summary	2016	1	1.4	n/a	0.000
TX	EPA NEI facility summary	2023	5	n/a	n/a	0.002
OR	Oregon DEQ 2020 Air Toxics Emissions Inventory	2020	5	n/a	n/a	0.114
OR	Oregon DEQ 2016 Air Toxics Emissions Inventory	2016	3	n/a	n/a	0.277

Multi-year state sources (NOx tons, facilities)

• AZ Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory: 2001 4 t (1), 2002 13 t (1), 2003 3 t (1), 2004 6 t (1), 2005 2 t (1), 2011 7 t (1), 2012 3 t (1), 2013 7 t (1), 2014 13 t (1), 2015 8 t (2), 2016 15 t (7), 2017 26 t (5), 2018 32 t (6), 2019 74 t (6), 2020 43 t (6), 2021 95 t (10), 2022 97 t (13), 2023 185 t (15), 2024 151 t (12), 2025 214 t (12)
• TX TCEQ point source emissions inventory: 2020 4 t (2), 2021 45 t (3), 2022 15 t (5), 2023 28 t (5), 2024 111 t (7)
• CA CARB facility criteria emissions: 2009 0 t (1), 2010 1 t (4), 2011 1 t (4), 2012 1 t (5), 2013 1 t (5), 2014 3 t (6), 2015 2 t (5), 2016 4 t (6), 2017 5 t (8), 2018 3 t (8), 2019 11 t (10), 2020 12 t (12), 2021 8 t (12), 2022 12 t (16), 2023 16 t (18), 2024 41 t (26)
• PA PA DEP 25-year site-level emission inventory: 2018 7 t (1), 2020 9 t (2), 2021 6 t (2), 2022 6 t (2), 2023 10 t (4), 2024 7 t (4), 2025 12 t (5)

Largest single facility-years (NOx)

state	year	facility	operator	NOx t	source
VA	2023	Amazon Data Services, Inc IAD-132/133	Amazon	77.6	EPA NEI facility summary
VA	2024	Iron Mountain Information Management LLC	Iron Mountain	74.0	VA DEQ air sites emissions
TX	2024	MICROSOFT	Microsoft	66.8	TCEQ point source emissions inventory
AZ	2023	CyrusOne	CyrusOne	63.9	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory
AZ	2025	Microsoft Corp - Broadway Rd	Microsoft	59.4	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory
VA	2023	DuPont Fabros Tech - Ashburn Corp Ctr	Digital Realty	47.7	EPA NEI facility summary
VA	2022	CyrusOne Kincora	CyrusOne	46.0	EPA NEI facility summary
AZ	2021	CyrusOne	CyrusOne	43.5	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory
AZ	2019	Cyrusone	CyrusOne	40.3	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory
AZ	2025	CyrusOne - Chandler	CyrusOne	39.9	Maricopa County AQD annual emissions inventory
CO	2020	AMAZON DATA SERVICES - DEN-22	Amazon	39.2	EPA NEI facility summary
CO	2021	AMAZON DATA SERVICES - DEN-22	Amazon	39.2	EPA NEI facility summary
CO	2022	AMAZON DATA SERVICES - DEN-22	Amazon	39.2	EPA NEI facility summary
TX	2021	EQUINIX N STEMMONS FREEWAY DALLAS	Equinix	38.7	TCEQ point source emissions inventory
NJ	2012	NJ-1 Data Center		38.4	EPA NEI facility summary
VA	2024	Microsoft Corporation - East Coast Data Center	Microsoft	36.6	VA DEQ air sites emissions
CO	2014	WAL-MART -COLORADO DATA CENTER #7497		36.3	EPA NEI facility summary
CO	2015	WAL-MART -COLORADO DATA CENTER #7497		36.3	EPA NEI facility summary
CO	2016	WAL-MART -COLORADO DATA CENTER #7497		36.3	EPA NEI facility summary
CO	2017	WAL-MART -COLORADO DATA CENTER #7497		35.9	EPA NEI facility summary

Operators (NOx, latest year per state, matched by name only)

• Equinix: VA 2024 20.2 t, IL 2023 13.5 t, TX 2024 6.0 t, MA 2023 3.3 t, CO 2023 1.9 t, CA 2024 0.5 t
• Microsoft: AZ 2025 84.2 t, VA 2024 84.0 t, TX 2024 66.8 t, WY 2023 15.3 t, IA 2023 6.1 t, IL 2023 5.1 t
• Digital Realty: VA 2024 62.6 t, AZ 2025 8.9 t, CA 2024 0.3 t, IL 2023 0.3 t
• Amazon: VA 2024 136.5 t, OR 2023 67.3 t, CO 2023 24.3 t, PA 2025 5.1 t, CA 2024 1.9 t
• CyrusOne: VA 2024 52.0 t, AZ 2025 39.9 t, TX 2024 29.9 t, IL 2023 15.1 t, KY 2023 0.6 t
• Iron Mountain: VA 2024 74.0 t, AZ 2025 28.9 t, CO 2023 15.3 t
• QTS: VA 2024 89.9 t, AZ 2025 25.3 t, CO 2023 22.1 t, OR 2023 21.2 t
• CoreSite: VA 2024 12.0 t, MA 2023 6.2 t, CO 2023 4.7 t, IL 2022 1.6 t, CA 2024 0.8 t, FL 2023 0.1 t
• Cyxtera: VA 2023 22.0 t, IL 2021 12.7 t, MA 2023 4.5 t, CA 2022 0.6 t
• Switch: NV 2023 11.3 t, MI 2023 1.9 t
• Aligned: IL 2023 22.7 t, VA 2024 18.1 t, UT 2023 4.1 t, AZ 2025 0.8 t
• Vantage: AZ 2025 19.3 t, VA 2024 5.5 t, CA 2024 4.0 t
• NTT: CA 2024 27.6 t, VA 2024 11.5 t, IL 2023 5.9 t, AZ 2025 5.6 t, OR 2023 3.7 t
• DataBank: CO 2023 24.7 t, MN 2023 0.5 t
• Stack: OR 2023 1.0 t, VA 2024 0.0 t
• Flexential: OR 2023 36.8 t, PA 2016 0.1 t
• TierPoint: PA 2025 5.6 t, NE 2022 0.8 t
• Meta: TX 2024 3.4 t
• Cologix: OH 2023 3.9 t, VA 2024 0.0 t
• Google: TX 2024 2.7 t
• EdgeConneX: CA 2024 1.7 t, TN 2023 0.5 t
• H5: VA 2024 1.4 t, AZ 2025 1.0 t
• Yahoo: VA 2024 0.0 t

Reporting patterns (pattern_flag)

• 45 of 112 facility NOx series with 3+ years repeat an identical nonzero value in 3+ years (EPA NEI facility summary 39, CARB facility criteria emissions 5, TCEQ point source emissions inventory 1).
• CO exactly equals NOx in 9 facility-years: APS Aligned Energy Data Center, Aps - Aligned Energy Data Center.