zook4/ehs-statutory-compliance-eval

Industrial EHS Statutory Compliance & Exceedance Eval (CWA / CAA)

Synthetic instruction-tuning and evaluation records for industrial permit exceedances under the Clean Water Act NPDES program and Clean Air Act Title V. Facilities, permit IDs (SYNTH-), and monitoring values are fictional. Each record has metadata.synthetic: true. Nothing here is a real EPA ECHO facility, a real enforcement case, or legal advice.

The 10-record file in this repo is a technical preview. Penalty ceilings use the January 8, 2025 column of 40 CFR 19.4 (90 FR 1375). Percent over limit is ((reported - limit) / limit) * 100, rounded half-up to one decimal.

Schema

Each line of data/sample_preview.jsonl is one JSON object.

Field	Where	Meaning
statute	metadata.statute	Clean Water Act (NPDES) or Clean Air Act (Title V).
cfr_citation	metadata.cfr_citation	CFR provisions that govern the limit type or the reporting clock used in the record.
facility_context	input.facility_context	Fictional facility, permit parameters, numeric limit, and monitoring frequency.
monitoring_log_excerpt	input.monitoring_log_excerpt	Raw-looking DMR, CEMS, or stack-test excerpt. The reported number in exceedance_metrics appears in this text.
violation_classification	output.violation_classification	Statutory-style tag, or No violation — within permit limit for a compliant control.
exceedance_metrics	output.exceedance_metrics	permitted_limit, reported_value (number plus units; units must match), and percentage_over_limit.
statutory_reporting_deadline	output.statutory_reporting_deadline	Notice timeframe tied to the citation. Title V "prompt" reporting is permit-defined. DMR due dates on these records are conditions of the fictional permit, not a universal statutory date.
mandatory_containment_procedure	output.mandatory_containment_procedure	Operational steps to stop the release path and return to the limit. Compliant controls say none is required.
statutory_penalty_bracket	output.statutory_penalty_bracket	Statutory maximum exposure: published daily maximum times noncompliance_days. $0 when there is no violation. This is a ceiling, not a predicted penalty.

Also present: dataset_id, metadata.facility_naics_sic, metadata.parameter_or_pollutant, metadata.synthetic, output.noncompliance_days, and output.penalty_authority (CWA-309(d), CWA-309(g)(2)(B), CAA-113(b), CAA-113(d)(1), or NONE).

Examples

NPDES effluent, Category I monthly-average magnitude

{
  "dataset_id": "EPA-EHS-CAA-CWA-2026-0001",
  "metadata": {
    "statute": "Clean Water Act (NPDES)",
    "cfr_citation": "40 CFR 122.41(l)(4); 40 CFR 122.41(l)(7)",
    "facility_naics_sic": "322110 Pulp Mills",
    "parameter_or_pollutant": "TSS",
    "synthetic": true,
    "facility_name": "Cedarbar Pulp Mill, fictional",
    "permit_id": "SYNTH-NPDES-0001",
    "industry": "Pulp mills"
  },
  "input": {
    "facility_context": "SYNTHETIC record. Cedarbar Pulp Mill, fictional, has no real EPA ECHO identity. NPDES permit SYNTH-NPDES-0001, Outfall 001, process wastewater after primary clarification. Total suspended solids monthly-average limit 30 mg/L; daily-maximum limit 45 mg/L. Monitoring frequency: 3 grab samples per week; monthly average is the arithmetic mean. TSS is a Group I pollutant under Appendix A to 40 CFR 123.45. Technical Review Criteria factor 1.4 times 30 mg/L = 42.0 mg/L. Both March and April 2026 monthly averages are at or above that threshold inside one six-month review period, which is the Category I monthly-average magnitude criterion. The metric below uses the April average. Noncompliance days are March 1 through April 30, 2026 (61 days).",
    "monitoring_log_excerpt": "SYNTHETIC DMR — Cedarbar Pulp Mill, fictional — SYNTH-NPDES-0001 — Outfall 001 — TSS mg/L\nperiod_end | base | reported | monthly_avg_limit | daily_max_limit\n2026-03-31 | monthly average | 43.2 | 30 | 45\n2026-04-30 | monthly average | 46.5 | 30 | 45\n2026-04-30 | daily maximum | 51.0 | 30 | 45"
  },
  "output": {
    "violation_classification": "Category I effluent noncompliance — monthly average magnitude at or above TRC in two months of a six-month period",
    "exceedance_metrics": {
      "permitted_limit": "30 mg/L",
      "reported_value": "46.5 mg/L",
      "percentage_over_limit": "55.0%"
    },
    "statutory_reporting_deadline": "Report with the Discharge Monitoring Report at the time monitoring reports are submitted under 40 CFR 122.41(l)(7). DMR timing is permit-specified under 40 CFR 122.41(l)(4); this synthetic permit requires the DMR by the 28th day of the following month. That date is a condition of this fictional permit, not a universal statutory deadline.",
    "mandatory_containment_procedure": "Isolate the primary clarifier that is carrying the high solids load and stop discharge from Outfall 001. Divert process wastewater to the lined equalization tank. Restore clarifier blanket level and polymer feed, then collect a new composite at the outfall before resuming discharge. Report the measured values as analyzed. Do not revise the DMR to hide the monthly averages, and do not bypass the clarifier to the river.",
    "statutory_penalty_bracket": "CWA §309(d) civil judicial: $68,445 per day (40 CFR 19, 2025 adjustment) x 61 days = $4,175,145 statutory maximum exposure",
    "noncompliance_days": 61,
    "penalty_authority": "CWA-309(d)"
  }
}

Title V excess emission deviation

{
  "dataset_id": "EPA-EHS-CAA-CWA-2026-0015",
  "metadata": {
    "statute": "Clean Air Act (Title V)",
    "cfr_citation": "40 CFR 60.44(a)(1); 40 CFR 60.7(c); 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)",
    "facility_naics_sic": "221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation",
    "parameter_or_pollutant": "NOx",
    "synthetic": true,
    "facility_name": "Lakeshore Generating Station, fictional",
    "permit_id": "SYNTH-TV-0015",
    "industry": "Fossil fuel electric power generation"
  },
  "input": {
    "facility_context": "SYNTHETIC record. Lakeshore Generating Station, fictional. Title V permit SYNTH-TV-0015, Unit 1, natural-gas-fired steam generator. The permit limit is the 40 CFR 60.44(a)(1) gaseous-fossil-fuel NOx standard of 0.20 lb/MMBtu (86 ng/J), expressed as NO2. CEMS is required by the permit. This dataset treats each clock-hour average above 0.20 lb/MMBtu as a permit deviation. The one-hour block is permit-specified; Subpart D is cited for the lb/MMBtu standard, not as a claim that the NSPS text itself universally defines a one-hour average. Two clock hours on 2026-03-04 exceeded the limit. The metric uses the higher hour. Noncompliance days: 2.",
    "monitoring_log_excerpt": "SYNTHETIC CEMS — Lakeshore Generating Station, fictional — SYNTH-TV-0015 — Unit 1 NOx\ndate | hour_ending | NOx_lb_per_MMBtu | limit_lb_per_MMBtu | fuel\n2026-03-04 | 14:00 | 0.18 | 0.20 | pipeline natural gas\n2026-03-04 | 15:00 | 0.29 | 0.20 | pipeline natural gas\n2026-03-04 | 16:00 | 0.24 | 0.20 | pipeline natural gas"
  },
  "output": {
    "violation_classification": "NSPS excess emission — 40 CFR 60.44 NOx above the gaseous-fuel lb/MMBtu standard",
    "exceedance_metrics": {
      "permitted_limit": "0.20 lb/MMBtu",
      "reported_value": "0.29 lb/MMBtu",
      "percentage_over_limit": "45.0%"
    },
    "statutory_reporting_deadline": "Submit the excess-emissions and monitoring-systems performance report required by 40 CFR 60.7(c), postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each six-month period. Section 60.7(c) is semiannual unless the applicable subpart or the Administrator requires more frequent reporting; this scenario does not use a quarterly clock. Also identify the deviation in the Title V semiannual monitoring report under 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). Prompt deviation reporting is whatever the permitting authority defined in the Title V permit under 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(B). No universal 24-hour Clean Air Act oral notice is asserted.",
    "mandatory_containment_procedure": "Reduce Unit 1 firing rate and restore the low-NOx burner and flue-gas recirculation settings until the CEMS hour is at or below 0.20 lb/MMBtu. Keep the NOx CEMS in service and do not invalidate the 0.29 lb/MMBtu hour or substitute a lower hour. Log the deviation, the probable cause, and the corrective action for the excess-emissions report.",
    "statutory_penalty_bracket": "CAA §113(b) civil judicial: $124,426 per day (40 CFR 19, 2025 adjustment) x 2 days = $248,852 statutory maximum exposure",
    "noncompliance_days": 2,
    "penalty_authority": "CAA-113(b)"
  }
}

Commercial

The 10-record preview in data/sample_preview.jsonl is distributed under CDLA-Permissive-2.0 for technical evaluation and integration prototyping. The baseline evaluation corpus (26 verified records + Pydantic validation harness) is available under a commercial buyout license ($299). Multi-year historical ECHO expansions available on inquiry. Contact: bzucker4@gmail.com.