| ---
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| license: apache-2.0
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| language:
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| - en
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| library_name: pytorch
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| pipeline_tag: text-classification
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| base_model:
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| - Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B
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| - Hanno-Labs/bosun-v3.1-1.7b
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| datasets:
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| - LocalLLaMA/typed-decisions
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| - SargeDev/jev-distill-corpus-v3
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| tags:
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| - decision-model
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| - system-one
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| - calibrated-decisions
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| - typed-decisions
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| - choice
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| - noul
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| - score
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| - qwen3
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| - bosun
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| - safetensors
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| - pytorch
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| model-index:
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| - name: Pluto-2.1-1.7B
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| results:
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| - task:
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| type: text-classification
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| name: Typed Decisions
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| dataset:
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| name: LocalLLaMA/typed-decisions
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| type: LocalLLaMA/typed-decisions
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| metrics:
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| - type: accuracy
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| name: Accuracy
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| value: 0.6695
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| - type: brier
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| name: Brier
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| value: 0.1261
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| - type: kl
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| name: KL
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| value: 0.2139
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| - task:
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| type: text-classification
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| name: DecisionBench matched subset
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| dataset:
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| name: Hanno-Labs/decision-bench
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| type: Hanno-Labs/decision-bench
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| metrics:
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| - type: accuracy
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| name: Accuracy
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| value: 0.7208
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| - type: brier
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| name: Brier
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| value: 0.3730
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| - type: nll
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| name: NLL
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| value: 0.7439
|
| ---
|
|
|
| # Pluto-2.1
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|
|
| ### A 1.7B decision model that clears both d1 checkpoints and owns the balance.
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|
|
| Pluto-2.1 reads a state and typed questions, then returns a calibrated probability
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| distribution for every candidate. It does not generate an answer, so there is
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| nothing to parse, nothing to retry, and nothing to hallucinate.
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|
|
| Built solo on one **RTX 5060 Ti 16GB**.
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|
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| **Headline:** **0.6695** on Typed Decisions and **0.7208** on the matched
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| DecisionBench comparison. It clears both d1-2B and d1-3B on both suites and posts
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| the **highest mean accuracy** in the comparison at **0.6952** — from a 1.738B
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| standalone checkpoint with **2–255 candidates**, **choice / noul / score**, and
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| **Apache-2.0** weights.
|
|
|
| ---
|
|
|
| ## The receipts
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|
|
| Same rows and same scorer for every locally measured model. Mean is the mean of
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| Typed Decisions and DecisionBench matched accuracy.
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|
|
| | Model | Params | Typed Decisions | DecisionBench matched | Mean |
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| |---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| | **Pluto-2.1** | **1.738B** | **0.6695** | **0.7208** | **0.6952** |
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| | Pluto-2 400M | 0.397B | **0.7835** | 0.5789 | 0.6812 |
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| | Bosun 3.1 1.7B (initializer) | 1.738B | 0.4980 | **0.8288** | 0.6634 |
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| | d1-3B | 3.123B | 0.6495 | 0.6486 | 0.6490 |
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| | d1-2B | 1.918B | 0.6325 | 0.6339 | 0.6332 |
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|
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| **What this means**
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|
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| - **+3.7 points** over d1-2B and **+2.0 points** over d1-3B on Typed Decisions.
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| - **+8.7 points** over d1-2B and **+7.2 points** over d1-3B on DecisionBench.
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| - **Highest mean accuracy** across the two suites.
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| - **1.738B**: 9.4% smaller than d1-2B and 44% smaller than d1-3B.
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| - **Sharper distributions** than both d1 checkpoints: lower Typed Brier and KL,
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| lower DecisionBench NLL and Brier.
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| - **One forward pass.** No autoregressive decoding and no token bill.
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| - **Bosun leads broad-only; Pluto-2 leads Typed-only; Pluto-2.1 owns the balance.**
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|
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| ### Typed Decisions — full 2,000-decision board
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|
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| | Model | Params | Mode | Primary accuracy | ECE | Brier | KL | Coverage |
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| |---|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| | Pluto-2 Typed | 395.8M | fitted | **80.30%** | 7.48% | 6.72% | 0.119 | 100% |
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| | OpenDecider-nano | 394.8M | fitted | 79.30% | 16.09% | **4.28%** | **0.079** | 100% |
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| | Pluto-2 | 397.4M | fitted | 78.35% | 11.80% | 5.32% | 0.097 | 100% |
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| | Laya-typed | 421.3M | fitted | 76.80% | 21.52% | 6.15% | 0.117 | 100% |
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| | Pluto-1 | 332.8M | fitted | 75.15% | 14.00% | 6.49% | 0.118 | 100% |
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| | Jev 1.13 | ~27B | published | 72.70% | 14.40% | 14.80% | 1.442 | — |
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| | **Pluto-2.1** | **1.738B** | fine-tuned | **66.95%** | **5.56%** | 12.61% | 0.214 | 100% |
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| | d1-3B | 3.123B | zero-shot | 64.95% | 3.43% | 14.16% | 0.285 | 100% |
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| | d1-2B | 1.918B | zero-shot | 63.25% | 3.90% | 14.40% | 0.296 | 100% |
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| | Bosun 3.1 1.7B | 1.738B | zero-shot | 49.80% | 18.48% | 30.15% | 0.590 | 100% |
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|
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| ### DecisionBench — 1,565-row matched board
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|
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| | Model | Params | Primary accuracy | ECE | NLL | Brier | Coverage |
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| |---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| | Bosun 3.1 1.7B | 1.738B | **82.88%** | 6.10% | **0.468** | **22.88%** | 100% |
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| | **Pluto-2.1** | **1.738B** | **72.08%** | **5.86%** | **0.744** | **37.30%** | **100%** |
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| | d1-3B | 3.123B | 64.86% | 11.74% | 1.034 | 49.37% | 100% |
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| | d1-2B | 1.918B | 63.39% | 4.48% | 0.933 | 45.10% | 100% |
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| | Pluto-2 400M | 397.4M | 57.89% | 3.04% | 1.087 | 54.77% | 100% |
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|
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| Coverage is `2,000/2,000` on Typed Decisions and `1,565/1,565` of the
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| DecisionBench matched subset, which is 6.55% of the full 23,900-row suite.
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| Jev's published card does not report coverage, so it is marked `-`. The matched
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| subset is the shared accessibility slice, not the full suite.
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|
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| **Two tracks.** Pluto-2.1 is the balanced generalist. The 400M Pluto-2 Typed checkpoint is the raw Typed specialist and beats every fitted specialist above.
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| ### Comparison hygiene
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|
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| The Typed Decisions result is the full 2,000-decision test split. The
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| DecisionBench result is the 1,565-row matched subset used for every model in the
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| table: ≤16 candidates and ≤2,048-token prompts, not the full 23,900-row suite.
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| Bosun, Pluto-2, d1-2B, and d1-3B were all run locally on the same rows and
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| scored with the same code. Raw summaries are in benchmarks/. The full DecisionBench suite is not claimed.
|
|
|
| ---
|
|
|
| ## Architecture
|
|
|
| 
|
|
|
| - Qwen3-1.7B backbone with 256 stable decision-token slots.
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| - The fine-tuned adapter is merged into the base; this repository is self-contained.
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| - One forward pass scores every presented candidate.
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| - Up to 255 runtime choices per question.
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| - No d1 weights, no d1-generated training targets, no ensemble, and no runtime
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| dependency on another model service.
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|
|
| **Lineage:** Qwen3-1.7B → Hanno-Labs Bosun 3.1 1.7B → Pluto-2.1 2,000-step
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| fine-tune → merged standalone checkpoint. Pluto-2.1 is self-contained at
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| inference: no adapter files are needed and no base model is downloaded at runtime.
|
|
|
| ---
|
|
|
| ## Quickstart
|
|
|
| ```bash
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| git clone https://huggingface.co/omida-ai/pluto-2.1
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| pip install -e "pluto-2.1/code"
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| ```
|
|
|
| ```python
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| from pluto21 import Pluto21
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|
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| model = Pluto21("pluto-2.1")
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| out = model.predict(
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| state={"transaction": "Duplicate charge confirmed by the bank."},
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| instructions="Was the duplicate charge confirmed?",
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| candidates=[
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| {"id": "yes", "label": "Yes"},
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| {"id": "no", "label": "No"},
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| ],
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| decision_type="noul",
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| row_id="demo-1",
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| )
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| print(out["probabilities"])
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| ```
|
|
|
| ```python
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| out = model.predict(
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| state={"ticket": "Customer was charged twice and the parcel is late."},
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| instructions="Which team should handle this?",
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| candidates=[
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| {"id": "billing", "label": "Billing", "description": "Charges and refunds"},
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| {"id": "shipping", "label": "Shipping", "description": "Delivery and parcels"},
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| {"id": "technical", "label": "Technical", "description": "App or site faults"},
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| ],
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| decision_type="choice",
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| row_id="demo-2",
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| )
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| print(out["probabilities"])
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| ```
|
|
|
| The runtime returns candidate-aligned probabilities. It never generates text.
|
|
|
| ---
|
|
|
| ## Model details
|
|
|
| | | |
|
| |---|---|
|
| | Parameters | **1,737,985,024** (1.738B) |
|
| | Backbone | Qwen3-1.7B, 28 layers, 40,960-token context |
|
| | Decision interface | 256 stable decision-token slots |
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| | Candidates | 2–255 per question |
|
| | Outputs | `choice`, `noul`, `score` distributions |
|
| | Weights | BF16, 3.44GB |
|
| | License | Apache-2.0 |
|
| | Initialization | Bosun 3.1 1.7B (Apache-2.0) |
|
| | Base | Qwen3-1.7B |
|
| | Runtime | `pluto21`, PyTorch + Transformers |
|
|
|
| ## Training
|
|
|
| - 2,000 LoRA steps on Pluto’s Typed Decisions and JEV decision data.
|
| - Selected checkpoint: 2,000 steps, the only tested checkpoint that clears both
|
| d1-2B and d1-3B on both measured benchmarks.
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| - Trained and merged on one 16GB consumer GPU.
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| - The adapter is merged into the base; no PEFT dependency at inference.
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| - The Typed Decisions test split was never used for training or checkpoint
|
| selection.
|
|
|
| ## Scope
|
|
|
| Pluto-2.1 is a decision model, not a chat or reasoning model. The DecisionBench
|
| comparison is the matched accessibility subset; the full 23,900-row suite is not
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| claimed. As with any benchmark, validate on your own data before high-stakes use.
|
|
|
| ## License and attribution
|
|
|
| Pluto-2.1 weights and runtime are released under **Apache-2.0**. Upstream
|
| components remain under their original licenses:
|
|
|
| - Qwen3-1.7B, Apache-2.0
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| - Hanno-Labs Bosun 3.1 1.7B, Apache-2.0
|
|
|
| See `LICENSE`, `NOTICE`, and `serving.json`. No d1 weights or outputs are
|
| included, and d1 is not required at inference.
|
|
|
| ## Citation
|
|
|
| ```bibtex
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| @misc{omida2026pluto21,
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| title = {Pluto-2.1: A 1.7B Standalone Decision Model},
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| author = {Omida AI},
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| year = {2026},
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| url = {https://huggingface.co/omida-ai/pluto-2.1}
|
| }
|
| ```
|
|
|
| Built by **Omida AI** on one 16GB consumer GPU.
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|
|
