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| { | |
| "pharmacology": { | |
| "definition": "Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.", | |
| "branches": [ | |
| "Pharmacokinetics", | |
| "Pharmacodynamics", | |
| "Toxicology", | |
| "Clinical Pharmacology" | |
| ], | |
| "importance": "Essential for understanding drug therapy and patient safety" | |
| }, | |
| "pharmacokinetics": { | |
| "definition": "The study of how the body affects a drug (ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)", | |
| "processes": [ | |
| "Absorption", | |
| "Distribution", | |
| "Metabolism", | |
| "Excretion" | |
| ], | |
| "factors": [ | |
| "Age", | |
| "Gender", | |
| "Disease state", | |
| "Genetic factors" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "pharmacodynamics": { | |
| "definition": "The study of what a drug does to the body - drug actions and effects", | |
| "concepts": [ | |
| "Receptor theory", | |
| "Dose-response relationship", | |
| "Therapeutic index" | |
| ], | |
| "mechanisms": [ | |
| "Agonism", | |
| "Antagonism", | |
| "Enzyme inhibition" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "krebs_cycle": { | |
| "definition": "A series of enzymatic reactions that generate energy (ATP) from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins", | |
| "location": "Mitochondrial matrix", | |
| "steps": 8, | |
| "importance": "Central metabolic pathway for energy production" | |
| }, | |
| "drug_metabolism": { | |
| "definition": "The biochemical modification of drugs by living organisms", | |
| "phases": [ | |
| "Phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)", | |
| "Phase II (conjugation reactions)" | |
| ], | |
| "location": "Primarily liver, also kidneys, lungs, intestines", | |
| "enzymes": "Cytochrome P450 family" | |
| } | |
| } |