| CLASS 11 (19 chapters) |
| Ch 1: The Living World (13 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 1.0 - Introduction to Diversity in the Living World |
| 1.0 - Ernst Mayr Biography |
| 1.1 - Diversity in the Living World |
| 1.2 - Taxonomic Categories |
| 1.2.1 - Species |
| 1.2.2 - Genus |
| 1.2.4 - Order, Class, and Phylum |
| 1.2.7 - Kingdom |
| Ch 2: Biological Classification (15 chunks, 15 sections) |
| 2.0 - Introduction to Biological Classification |
| 2.0 - Development of the Five Kingdom System |
| 2.0 - Rationalization of Kingdom Classification |
| 2.1 - Kingdom Monera |
| 2.1.1 - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria |
| 2.1.2 - Metabolic Diversity and Reproduction in Monera |
| 2.2 - Kingdom Protista |
| 2.2.2 - Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, and Slime Moulds |
| 2.2.5 - Protozoans |
| 2.3 - Kingdom Fungi |
| 2.3 - Fungal Life Cycle and Classification Basis |
| 2.3.1 - Classes of Fungi |
| 2.4 - Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia |
| 2.6 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions |
| 2.6 - Viroids, Prions, and Lichens |
| Ch 3: Plant Kingdom (15 chunks, 15 sections) |
| 3.0 - Introduction to Plant Classification |
| 3.0 - Modern Taxonomic Approaches |
| 3.1 - Algae Characteristics and Reproduction |
| 3.1 - Economic Importance of Algae |
| 3.1.1 - Chlorophyceae (Green Algae) |
| 3.1.2 - Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae) |
| 3.1.3 - Rhodophyceae (Red Algae) |
| 3.2 - Bryophytes Overview and Life Cycle |
| 3.2 - Economic and Ecological Importance of Bryophytes |
| 3.2.1 - Liverworts and Mosses |
| 3.3 - Pteridophytes: Vascular Non-Seeded Plants |
| 3.3 - Pteridophyte Reproduction and Classification |
| 3.4 - Gymnosperms Characteristics |
| 3.4 - Gymnosperm Reproduction |
| 3.5 - Angiosperms: Flowering Plants |
| Ch 4: Animal Kingdom (19 chunks, 19 sections) |
| 4.1 - Basis of Classification and Levels of Organisation |
| 4.1.1 - Organ Systems and Body Symmetry |
| 4.1.3 - Germinal Layers and Coelom |
| 4.1.5 - Segmentation and Notochord |
| 4.2.1 - Phylum – Porifera |
| 4.2.2 - Phylum – Coelenterata (Cnidaria) |
| 4.2.3 - Phyla – Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes |
| 4.2.5 - Phyla – Aschelminthes and Annelida |
| 4.2.7 - Phylum – Arthropoda |
| 4.2.8 - Phylum – Mollusca |
| 4.2.9 - Phyla – Echinodermata and Hemichordata |
| 4.2.11 - Phylum – Chordata and Subphyla |
| 4.2.11.1 - Class – Cyclostomata |
| 4.2.11.2 - Class – Chondrichthyes |
| 4.2.11.3 - Class – Osteichthyes |
| 4.2.11.4 - Class – Amphibia |
| 4.2.11.5 - Class – Reptilia |
| 4.2.11.6 - Class – Aves |
| 4.2.11.7 - Class – Mammalia |
| Ch 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants (13 chunks, 13 sections) |
| 5.0 - Introduction to Plant Morphology |
| 5.1 - The Root System |
| 5.1.1 - Regions of the Root |
| 5.2 - The Stem |
| 5.3 - The Leaf Structure and Venation |
| 5.3.2 - Types of Leaves and Phyllotaxy |
| 5.4 - The Inflorescence |
| 5.5 - The Flower Structure and Symmetry |
| 5.5 - Floral Parts Positioning and Aestivation |
| 5.5.1.3 - Androecium and Gynoecium |
| 5.6 - The Fruit |
| 5.7 - Seed Structure |
| 5.9 - Family Solanaceae |
| Ch 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants (8 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 6.0 - Introduction to Plant Anatomy |
| 6.1 - The Tissue System and Epidermal Tissue |
| 6.1.1 - Stomatal Apparatus and Epidermal Appendages |
| 6.1.2 - Ground and Vascular Tissue Systems |
| 6.2.1 - Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Root |
| 6.2.2 - Monocot Root and Dicot Stem Anatomy |
| 6.2.3 - Vascular Arrangement in Stems |
| 6.2.5 - Anatomy of Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaves |
| Ch 7: Structural Organisation in Animals (6 chunks, 6 sections) |
| 7.1 - Organ and Organ System |
| 7.2 - Frogs: Habitat and Morphology |
| 7.2.1 - Frog Morphology and Digestive Anatomy |
| 7.2.2 - Frog Respiratory and Vascular Systems |
| 7.2.2 - Frog Excretory and Coordination Systems |
| 7.2.2 - Frog Reproductive Systems and Ecology |
| Ch 8: Cell: The Unit of Life (16 chunks, 16 sections) |
| 8.1 - What is a Cell? |
| 8.2 - Cell Theory |
| 8.3 - An Overview of Cell |
| 8.3 - Cell Size and Shape |
| 8.4 - Prokaryotic Cells |
| 8.4.1 - Cell Envelope and its Modifications |
| 8.4.2 - Surface Structures, Ribosomes, and Inclusion Bodies |
| 8.5 - Eukaryotic Cells |
| 8.5.1 - Cell Membrane and the Fluid Mosaic Model |
| 8.5.2 - Cell Wall |
| 8.5.3 - Endomembrane System |
| 8.5.3.3 - Lysosomes and Vacuoles |
| 8.5.4 - Mitochondria and Plastids |
| 8.5.6 - Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, and Flagella |
| 8.5.9 - Centrosome, Centrioles, and the Nucleus |
| 8.5.10 - Chromosomes and Microbodies |
| Ch 9: Biomolecules (24 chunks, 14 sections) |
| 9.1 - How to Analyse Chemical Composition? |
| 9.2 - Primary and Secondary Metabolites |
| 9.3 - Biomacromolecules |
| 9.4 - Proteins |
| 9.5 - Polysaccharides |
| 9.6 - Nucleic Acids |
| 9.7 - Structure of Proteins |
| 9.8 - Enzymes |
| 9.8.1 - Chemical Reactions |
| 9.8.2 - How do Enzymes bring about such High Rates of Chemical Conversions? |
| 9.8.3 - Nature of Enzyme Action |
| 9.8.4 - Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity |
| 9.8.5 - Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes |
| 9.8.6 - Co-factors |
| Ch 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division (17 chunks, 17 sections) |
| 10.0 - Introduction |
| 10.1 - Cell Cycle |
| 10.1.1 - Phases of Cell Cycle |
| 10.1.1 - Interphase Detail |
| 10.1.1 - G2 and Quiescent Stage |
| 10.2 - M Phase |
| 10.2.1 - Prophase and Metaphase |
| 10.2.2 - Metaphase Plate and Anaphase |
| 10.2.3 - Anaphase and Telophase |
| 10.2.5 - Cytokinesis |
| 10.3 - Significance of Mitosis |
| 10.4 - Meiosis |
| 10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Prophase I Stages |
| 10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Crossing Over and Diplotene |
| 10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Diakinesis to Telophase I |
| 10.4.2 - Meiosis II |
| 10.5 - Significance of Meiosis |
| Ch 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants (14 chunks, 14 sections) |
| 11.1 - What do we Know? |
| 11.2 - Early Experiments |
| 11.2 - Historical Development of Photosynthetic Equations |
| 11.3 - Where does Photosynthesis take place? |
| 11.4 - How many Types of Pigments are involved in Photosynthesis? |
| 11.5 - What is Light Reaction? |
| 11.6 - The Electron Transport |
| 11.6.1 - Splitting of Water and Photophosphorylation |
| 11.6.3 - Chemiosmotic Hypothesis |
| 11.7 - Where are the ATP and NADPH Used? |
| 11.7.2 - The Calvin Cycle |
| 11.8 - The C4 Pathway |
| 11.9 - Photorespiration |
| 11.10 - Factors affecting Photosynthesis |
| Ch 12: Respiration in Plants (14 chunks, 14 sections) |
| 12.0 - Introduction to Cellular Respiration |
| 12.0 - The Mechanism of Respiration |
| 12.1 - Do Plants Breathe? |
| 12.1 - Catabolism of Glucose |
| 12.2 - Glycolysis |
| 12.2 - Steps of Glycolysis |
| 12.3 - Fermentation |
| 12.4 - Aerobic Respiration |
| 12.4.1 - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle |
| 12.4.2 - Electron Transport System (ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| 12.4.2 - ATP Synthesis and Chemiosmosis |
| 12.5 - The Respiratory Balance Sheet |
| 12.6 - Amphibolic Pathway |
| 12.7 - Respiratory Quotient |
| Ch 13: Plant Growth and Development (11 chunks, 11 sections) |
| 13.0 - Introduction to Plant Development |
| 13.1 - Characteristics of Plant Growth |
| 13.1.2 - Measurability and Phases of Growth |
| 13.1.4 - Growth Rates and the Sigmoid Curve |
| 13.1.5 - Conditions for Growth |
| 13.2 - Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation |
| 13.3 - Development and Plasticity |
| 13.4 - Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) |
| 13.4.3 - Physiological Effects of Auxins and Gibberellins |
| 13.4.3.3 - Physiological Effects of Cytokinins and Ethylene |
| 13.4.3.5 - Abscisic Acid and Integrative Control |
| Ch 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases (8 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 14.1 - Respiratory Organs |
| 14.1.1 - Human Respiratory System |
| 14.2 - Mechanism of Breathing |
| 14.2.1 - Respiratory Volumes and Capacities |
| 14.3 - Exchange of Gases |
| 14.4 - Transport of Gases and Oxygen |
| 14.4.2 - Transport of Carbon dioxide |
| 14.5 - Regulation of Respiration and Disorders |
| Ch 15: Body Fluids and Circulation (16 chunks, 16 sections) |
| 15.1 - Blood and Plasma |
| 15.1.2 - Formed Elements - Erythrocytes |
| 15.1.2 - Formed Elements - Leucocytes and Platelets |
| 15.1.3 - Blood Groups - ABO System |
| 15.1.3.2 - Rh Grouping and Incompatibility |
| 15.1.4 - Coagulation of Blood |
| 15.2 - Lymph and Circulatory Pathways |
| 15.3 - Vertebrate Heart Evolution |
| 15.3.1 - The Human Heart Structure |
| 15.3.1 - Cardiac Musculature and Nodal Tissue |
| 15.3.2 - The Cardiac Cycle |
| 15.3.2 - Cardiac Output and Heart Sounds |
| 15.3.3 - Electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| 15.4 - Double Circulation |
| 15.5 - Regulation of Cardiac Activity |
| 15.6 - Disorders of the Circulatory System |
| Ch 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination (22 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 16.0 - Introduction |
| 16.2 - Urine Formation |
| 16.3 - Function of the Tubules |
| 16.4 - Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate |
| 16.5 - Regulation of Kidney Function |
| 16.6 - Micturition |
| 16.7 - Role of other Organs in Excretion |
| 16.8 - Disorders of the Excretory System |
| Ch 17: Locomotion and Movement (20 chunks, 6 sections) |
| 17.0 - Introduction |
| 17.1 - Types of Movement |
| 17.2 - Muscle |
| 17.3 - Skeletal System |
| 17.4 - Joints |
| 17.5 - Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System |
| Ch 18: Neural Control and Coordination (16 chunks, 10 sections) |
| 18.0 - Introduction |
| 18.1 - Neural System |
| 18.2 - Human Neural System |
| 18.3 - Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System |
| 18.3 - Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse |
| 18.3 - Transmission of Impulses |
| 18.4 - Central Neural System |
| 18.4 - Forebrain |
| 18.4 - Midbrain |
| 18.4 - Hindbrain |
| Ch 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration (21 chunks, 15 sections) |
| 19.0 - Introduction |
| 19.1 - Endocrine Glands and Hormones |
| 19.2 - Human Endocrine System |
| 19.2 - The Hypothalamus |
| 19.2 - The Pituitary Gland |
| 19.2 - The Pineal Gland |
| 19.2 - Thyroid Gland |
| 19.2 - Parathyroid Gland |
| 19.2 - Thymus |
| 19.2 - Adrenal Gland |
| 19.2 - Pancreas |
| 19.2 - Testis |
| 19.2 - Ovary |
| 19.3 - Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract |
| 19.4 - Mechanism of Hormone Action |
| CLASS 12 (13 chapters) |
| Ch 0: Title and Front Matter (21 chunks, 9 sections) |
| 0.0 - Title Page |
| 0.0 - Copyright |
| 0.0 - Publication Offices |
| 0.0 - Foreword |
| 0.0 - Rationalisation of Content |
| 0.0 - Preface |
| 0.0 - Textbook Development Committee |
| 0.0 - Acknowledgements |
| 0.0 - Table of Contents |
| Ch 2: Human Reproduction (30 chunks, 7 sections) |
| 2.1 - The Male Reproductive System |
| 2.2 - The Female Reproductive System |
| 2.3 - Gametogenesis |
| 2.4 - Menstrual Cycle |
| 2.5 - Fertilisation and Implantation |
| 2.6 - Pregnancy and Embryonic Development |
| 2.7 - Parturition and Lactation |
| Ch 3: Reproductive Health (30 chunks, 6 sections) |
| 3.0 - Introduction |
| 3.1 - Reproductive Health - Problems and Strategies |
| 3.2 - Population Stabilisation and Birth Control |
| 3.3 - Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) |
| 3.4 - Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) |
| 3.5 - Infertility |
| Ch 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation (60 chunks, 20 sections) |
| 4.0 - Introduction |
| 4.1 - Mendel's Laws of Inheritance |
| 4.2 - Inheritance of One Gene |
| 4.2.1 - Law of Dominance |
| 4.2.2 - Law of Segregation |
| 4.2.2.1 - Incomplete Dominance |
| 4.2.2.2 - Co-dominance |
| 4.3 - Inheritance of Two Genes |
| 4.3.1 - Law of Independent Assortment |
| 4.3.2 - Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance |
| 4.3.3 - Linkage and Recombination |
| 4.4 - Polygenic Inheritance |
| 4.5 - Pleiotropy |
| 4.6 - Sex Determination |
| 4.6.1 - Sex Determination in Humans |
| 4.6.2 - Sex Determination in Honey Bee |
| 4.7 - Mutation |
| 4.8.1 - Pedigree Analysis |
| 4.8.2 - Mendelian Disorders |
| 4.8.3 - Chromosomal Disorders |
| Ch 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance (69 chunks, 25 sections) |
| 5.0 - Introduction |
| 5.1 - The DNA |
| 5.1.1 - Structure of Polynucleotide Chain |
| 5.1.2 - Packaging of DNA Helix |
| 5.2 - The Search for Genetic Material |
| 5.2.1 - The Genetic Material is DNA |
| 5.2.2 - Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus RNA) |
| 5.3 - RNA World |
| 5.4 - Replication |
| 5.4.1 - The Experimental Proof |
| 5.4.2 - The Machinery and the Enzymes |
| 5.5 - Transcription |
| 5.5.1 - Transcription Unit |
| 5.5.2 - Transcription Unit and the Gene |
| 5.5.3 - Types of RNA and the process of Transcription |
| 5.6 - Genetic Code |
| 5.6.1 - Mutations and Genetic Code |
| 5.6.2 - tRNA- the Adapter Molecule |
| 5.7 - Translation |
| 5.8 - Regulation of Gene Expression |
| 5.8.1 - The Lac operon |
| 5.9 - Human Genome Project |
| 5.9.1 - Salient Features of Human Genome |
| 5.9.2 - Applications and Future Challenges |
| 5.10 - DNA Fingerprinting |
| Ch 6: Evolution (36 chunks, 10 sections) |
| 6.0 - Introduction |
| 6.1 - Origin of Life |
| 6.2 - Evolution of Life Forms - A Theory |
| 6.3 - What are the Evidences for Evolution? |
| 6.4 - What is Adaptive Radiation? |
| 6.5 - Biological Evolution |
| 6.6 - Mechanism of Evolution |
| 6.7 - Hardy-Weinberg Principle |
| 6.8 - A Brief Account of Evolution |
| 6.9 - Origin and Evolution of Man |
| Ch 7: Human Health and Disease (55 chunks, 17 sections) |
| 7.0 - Introduction |
| 7.1 - Common Diseases in Humans |
| 7.2 - Immunity |
| 7.2.1 - Innate Immunity |
| 7.2.2 - Acquired Immunity |
| 7.2.3 - Active and Passive Immunity |
| 7.2.4 - Vaccination and Immunisation |
| 7.2.5 - Allergies |
| 7.2.6 - Auto Immunity |
| 7.2.7 - Immune System in the Body |
| 7.3 - AIDS |
| 7.4 - Cancer |
| 7.5 - Drugs and Alcohol Abuse |
| 7.5.1 - Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse |
| 7.5.2 - Addiction and Dependence |
| 7.5.3 - Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse |
| 7.5.4 - Prevention and Control |
| Ch 8: Microbes in Human Welfare (23 chunks, 10 sections) |
| 8.0 - Introduction |
| 8.1 - Microbes in Household Products |
| 8.2 - Microbes in Industrial Products |
| 8.2.1 - Fermented Beverages |
| 8.2.2 - Antibiotics |
| 8.2.3 - Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules |
| 8.3 - Microbes in Sewage Treatment |
| 8.4 - Microbes in Production of Biogas |
| 8.5 - Microbes as Biocontrol Agents |
| 8.6 - Microbes as Biofertilisers |
| Ch 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes (29 chunks, 13 sections) |
| 9.0 - Introduction |
| 9.1 - Principles of Biotechnology |
| 9.2 - Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology |
| 9.2.1 - Restriction Enzymes |
| 9.2.2 - Cloning Vectors |
| 9.2.3 - Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA) |
| 9.3 - Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology |
| 9.3.1 - Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA) |
| 9.3.2 - Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations |
| 9.3.3 - Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR |
| 9.3.4 - Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host Cell/Organism |
| 9.3.5 - Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product |
| 9.3.6 - Downstream Processing |
| Ch 10: Biotechnology and Its Applications (27 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 10.0 - Introduction |
| 10.1 - Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture |
| 10.2 - Biotechnological Applications in Medicine |
| 10.2.1 - Genetically Engineered Insulin |
| 10.2.2 - Gene Therapy |
| 10.2.3 - Molecular Diagnosis |
| 10.3 - Transgenic Animals |
| 10.4 - Ethical Issues |
| Ch 11: Organisms and Populations (30 chunks, 6 sections) |
| 11.0 - Introduction |
| 11.1 - Populations |
| 11.1.1 - Population Attributes |
| 11.1.2 - Population Growth |
| 11.1.3 - Life History Variation |
| 11.1.4 - Population Interactions |
| Ch 12: Ecosystem (14 chunks, 5 sections) |
| 12.0 - Introduction |
| 12.2 - Productivity |
| 12.3 - Decomposition |
| 12.4 - Energy Flow |
| 12.5 - Ecological Pyramids |
| Ch 13: Biodiversity and Conservation (19 chunks, 8 sections) |
| 13.0 - Introduction |
| 13.1 - Biodiversity |
| 13.1.1 - How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many in India? |
| 13.1.2 - Patterns of Biodiversity |
| 13.1.3 - The importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem |
| 13.1.4 - Loss of Biodiversity |
| 13.2.1 - Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity? |
| 13.2.2 - How do we conserve Biodiversity? |
